CN112083490B - Seismic data noise attenuation method and device - Google Patents
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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Abstract
The application provides a seismic data noise attenuation method and device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: extracting a plurality of original seismic channels for noise suppression of a target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out inclination angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain corresponding correction seismic channels; superposing each correction seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel; and carrying out wave mixing treatment on the model seismic channels and the original seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression. The method and the device can reduce noise in the seismic data, improve the signal to noise ratio of the seismic data, and further improve the precision and accuracy of seismic exploration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a method and a device for attenuating seismic data noise.
Background
Current oil and gas exploration is evolving in breadth and depth. The former is aimed at finding new distant prospecting areas; the latter requires the search for reservoirs with large depths of burial and high complexity, and the resolution of fine-scale construction and fine-scale description of reservoir parameters. Aiming at the problem which is required to be solved by the method, the quality and the precision of exploration data are particularly important. In this regard, the processing of the seismic data is one of the important links for improving the quality and accuracy of the exploration data, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data is one of the important links for processing the seismic data. At present, noise suppression of seismic data is one of modes for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data, and for suppression of random noise in the seismic data, most of denoising methods adopt prediction and statistics methods, and the stronger the coherence of adjacent channels of the seismic data, the better the prediction effect is, the more accurate the statistics of the random noise and the higher the signal and noise separation degree is.
With the increasing difficulty of oil and gas exploration, oil and gas exploration in complex areas or complex reservoirs has become a major goal of oil and gas exploration. The complex topography, the huge difference of near-surface physical properties, the complex change of geological structure and lithology, the underground anisotropy, scattering of different points of origin and the like can cause strong noise to be generated in each frequency segment of the acquired seismic data, and the processing effect of the seismic data is seriously affected. Meanwhile, the geological target is changed from the original structure oil and gas searching to lithology oil and gas searching, and the requirements on the signal to noise ratio of the seismic data are higher and higher. The existing noise suppression method is not suitable for processing the seismic data of complex areas or complex oil and gas reservoirs.
Thus, there is a need for a noise suppression method suitable for processing seismic data in complex areas or complex reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for attenuating the noise of seismic data, which can reduce the noise in the seismic data, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data and further improve the precision and accuracy of seismic exploration.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for noise attenuation of seismic data, comprising:
extracting a plurality of original seismic channels for noise suppression of a target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data;
respectively carrying out inclination angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain corresponding correction seismic channels;
superposing each correction seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel;
and carrying out wave mixing treatment on the model seismic channels and the original seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression.
Further, before extracting the plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppressing the target seismic trace from the preprocessed seismic data, the method further includes:
and (3) performing de-coding on the seismic data, and performing dynamic correction on the seismic data after de-coding to obtain the preprocessed seismic data.
Further, the extracting the plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppression of the target seismic trace from the preprocessed seismic data includes:
determining a target seismic channel needing noise suppression in the preprocessed seismic data;
extracting a plurality of original seismic traces with the CDP line number difference, the CDP number difference, the offset difference and the azimuth difference smaller than the preset values from the target seismic traces in the preset CDP line number range, the CDP number range, the offset distance range and the azimuth angle range.
Further, before extracting the plurality of original seismic traces with CDP line numbers, CDP numbers, offset distances and azimuth angles smaller than the preset values in the preset CDP line number range, the CDP number range, the offset distance range and the azimuth angle range, the method further comprises:
and sequencing the preprocessed seismic data according to the offset, azimuth, CDP line number, CDP number and time sequence.
Further, the performing dip angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic trace to obtain a corresponding corrected seismic trace includes:
calculating correlation spectrums corresponding to all seismic channels and determining the visual dip angle time difference corresponding to the correlation spectrum values of all the correlation spectrums;
and performing dip angle time difference correction processing on each seismic channel according to each visual dip angle time difference to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
Further, before the inclination angle time difference correction processing is performed on each seismic channel according to each inclination angle time difference, the method further includes:
deleting the plurality of dip angle time differences and the plurality of seismic channels according to the correlation common value of the correlation spectrum, and reserving the dip angle time differences and the seismic channels which are larger than the preset correlation spectrum value;
Correspondingly, the inclination angle time difference correction processing is carried out on each reserved seismic channel according to each reserved apparent inclination angle time difference, so that each corresponding corrected seismic channel is obtained.
Further, the step of superposing each corrected seismic trace and each original seismic trace to obtain a model seismic trace includes:
adding the plurality of seismic channels subjected to inclination angle time difference correction and the plurality of extracted seismic channels, and multiplying the results of the plurality of adding processes by weighting coefficients to obtain a plurality of operation processing data;
and adding the plurality of operation processing data to form a model seismic trace after noise suppression.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a seismic data noise attenuation apparatus comprising:
the screening unit is used for extracting a plurality of original seismic channels for noise suppression of the target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data;
the inclination time difference correction unit is used for respectively carrying out inclination time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel;
the operation processing unit is used for superposing each correction seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel;
And the wave mixing processing unit is used for carrying out wave mixing processing on the model seismic channel and each original seismic channel to form seismic data after noise suppression.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps:
the preprocessing unit is used for performing de-coding on the seismic data and performing dynamic correction on the seismic data after de-coding to obtain preprocessed seismic data.
Further, the screening unit includes:
the target subunit is used for determining a target seismic channel needing noise suppression in the preprocessed seismic data;
and the extraction subunit is used for extracting a plurality of original seismic channels with the CDP line number difference, the CDP number difference, the offset distance difference and the azimuth angle difference smaller than the preset values from the target seismic channels in the preset CDP line number range, the CDP number range, the offset distance range and the azimuth angle range.
Further, the screening unit further includes:
and the sequencing subunit is used for sequencing the preprocessed seismic data according to the offset, the azimuth angle, the CDP line number, the CDP number and the time sequence.
Further, the tilt time difference correction unit includes:
the computing subunit is used for computing the correlation spectrum corresponding to each seismic channel and determining the visual dip angle time difference corresponding to the correlation spectrum value of each correlation spectrum;
And the correction subunit is used for carrying out inclination angle time difference correction processing on each seismic channel according to each inclination angle time difference so as to obtain each corresponding correction seismic channel.
Further, the tilt time difference correction unit further includes:
the clipping subunit is used for deleting the plurality of dip angle time differences and the plurality of seismic channels according to the correlation common value of the correlation spectrum, and reserving the dip angle time differences and the seismic channels which are larger than the preset correlation spectrum value;
correspondingly, the correction subunit performs dip angle time difference correction processing on each reserved seismic channel according to each reserved visual dip angle time difference to obtain each corresponding correction seismic channel.
Further, the arithmetic processing unit includes:
the operation subunit is used for carrying out addition processing on the plurality of seismic channels subjected to inclination angle time difference correction and the plurality of extracted seismic channels, and respectively multiplying the results of the addition processing by a weighting coefficient to obtain a plurality of operation processing data;
and the processing subunit is used for adding the plurality of operation processing data to form a model seismic channel after noise suppression.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of a method of seismic data noise attenuation when the program is executed.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of a method of seismic data noise attenuation.
According to the technical scheme, the invention provides a method and a device for attenuating the noise of seismic data, which are characterized in that a plurality of original seismic channels for suppressing the noise of a target seismic channel are extracted from the preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out inclination angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain corresponding correction seismic channels; superposing each correction seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel; the model seismic channels and the original seismic channels are subjected to wave mixing processing to form seismic data after noise suppression, so that noise in the seismic data can be reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data can be improved, the waveform characteristics of the original seismic data can be better kept, the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the seismic data can be improved, and further the precision and the accuracy of seismic exploration are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication structure of a seismic data noise attenuation device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another communication structure of the seismic data noise attenuation device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for attenuating seismic data noise in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of another method for attenuating seismic data noise in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of step S101 in a method for attenuating noise in seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of step S102 in a method for attenuating noise in seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of step S103 in the method for attenuating noise in seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of CDP trace set before denoising in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of seismic data superposition prior to denoising in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the superposition of denoised seismic data in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the denoised CDP trace set of FIG. 8 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of noise removal in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the result of noise superposition removed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a seismic data noise attenuation apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is contemplated that existing methods of suppressing and attenuating noise in seismic data have not been suitable for processing seismic data in complex areas or complex reservoirs. The invention provides a seismic data noise attenuation method, a seismic data noise attenuation device, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium, wherein a plurality of original seismic channels for noise suppression of a target seismic channel are extracted from preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out inclination angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain corresponding correction seismic channels; superposing each correction seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel; and carrying out wave mixing processing on the model seismic channels and the original seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression, so that the noise in the seismic data can be reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data can be improved, and further, the precision and accuracy of seismic exploration can be improved.
Based on the above, the present invention further provides a device for attenuating noise of seismic data, where the device may be a server A1, referring to fig. 1, where the server A1 may be in communication connection with a client device B1, a user may input the seismic data and other related data into the client device B1, the client device B1 may send the seismic data and other related data to the server A1 online, and the server A1 may receive the seismic data and other related data sent by the client device B1 online, and then obtain corresponding seismic data offline or online according to the seismic data, and perform preprocessing on the seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data; extracting a plurality of seismic channels for noise suppression of a target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on a plurality of seismic channels; performing operation processing on the plurality of seismic channels with the inclination angle time difference corrected and the plurality of extracted seismic channels to form a model seismic channel with suppressed noise; and carrying out wave mixing treatment on the model seismic channel and the plurality of extracted seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression. Then, the server A1 sends the noise-suppressed seismic data to the client device B1 online, so that the user knows the noise-suppressed seismic data via the client device B1.
Further, the server A1 may be further connected to a seismic data collection device C1 in a communication manner, referring to fig. 2, the seismic data collection device C1 may directly obtain seismic data and other related data from the target area, or may be connected to a database D1 in a communication manner, and obtain corresponding seismic data and other related data from the database D1. The seismic data acquisition device C1 then transmits seismic data and other related data to the server A1.
It is understood that the client device B1 may include a smart phone, a tablet electronic device, a network set-top box, a portable computer, a desktop computer, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a vehicle-mounted device, a smart wearable device, etc. Wherein, intelligent wearing equipment can include intelligent glasses, intelligent wrist-watch, intelligent bracelet etc..
In practical applications, the part of the seismic data noise attenuation may be performed on the server A1 side as described above, i.e., the architecture shown in fig. 1, or all operations may be performed in the client device B1. Specifically, the selection may be performed according to the processing capability of the client device B1, and restrictions of the use scenario of the user. The invention is not limited in this regard. If all operations are performed in the client device B1, the client device B1 may further include a processor for performing specific processing of the seismic data noise attenuation.
The client device may have a communication module (i.e. a communication unit) and may be connected to a remote server in a communication manner, so as to implement data transmission with the server. For example, the communication unit may transmit the seismic data and other related data entered by the user to the server, so that the server performs seismic data noise attenuation based on the seismic data and other related data. The communication unit may also receive the attenuation result returned by the server. The server may include a server on the side of the task scheduling center, and in other implementations may include a server of an intermediate platform, such as a server of a third party server platform having a communication link with the task scheduling center server. The server may include a single computer device, a server cluster formed by a plurality of servers, or a server structure of a distributed device.
Any suitable network protocol may be used for communication between the server and the client device, including those not yet developed on the filing date of the present invention. The network protocols may include, for example, TCP/IP protocol, UDP/IP protocol, HTTP protocol, HTTPS protocol, etc. Of course, the network protocol may also include, for example, RPC protocol (Remote Procedure Call Protocol ), REST protocol (Representational State Transfer, representational state transfer protocol), etc. used above the above-described protocol.
In order to effectively reduce noise in the seismic data, the signal to noise ratio of the seismic data is improved, and further the precision and accuracy of seismic exploration are improved. The invention provides an embodiment of a seismic data noise attenuation method, referring to fig. 3, specifically comprising the following steps:
s101: extracting a plurality of original seismic channels for noise suppression of a target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data;
s102: respectively carrying out inclination angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain corresponding correction seismic channels;
in the step, the purpose of the dip angle time difference correction processing is to level the same phase axis of the seismic channel with the underground complex structure.
S103: superposing each correction seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel;
s104: and carrying out wave mixing treatment on the model seismic channels and the original seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression.
In the step, the mixing process is to mix the model seismic channel and a plurality of seismic channels by a certain percentage, and form the seismic data after noise suppression after mixing. The mixing percentage is selected by the user according to the actual conditions of the process.
As can be seen from the above description, in the method for attenuating the noise of the seismic data provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppression of a target seismic trace are extracted from the preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out inclination angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain corresponding correction seismic channels; superposing each correction seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel; and carrying out wave mixing processing on the model seismic channels and the original seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression, so that the noise in the seismic data can be reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data can be improved, and further, the precision and accuracy of seismic exploration can be improved.
Based on the foregoing embodiment, the present invention provides another embodiment of a method for attenuating noise of seismic data, referring to fig. 4, before step S101, further including:
s100: and (3) performing de-coding on the seismic data, and performing dynamic correction on the seismic data after de-coding to obtain the preprocessed seismic data.
The seismic data in the step are three-dimensional high-density wide-azimuth data, and the three-dimensional high-density wide-azimuth data can be processed by de-compiling, arranging an observation system, denoising, static correction, deconvolution, speed analysis, energy compensation and the like before the step so as to improve the accuracy of the seismic data in advance by one step.
And acquiring three-dimensional high-density wide-azimuth seismic data, and performing de-coding on the seismic data to convert binary data recorded on a seismic data carrier according to time sequence into binary data arranged according to channel sequence, so that the seismic data can be conveniently processed.
Wherein, the time-distance curve or the same phase axis of the reflected wave reflecting the underground interface is generally hyperbolic. Therefore, the time value of each observation point is changed into the normal reflection time of the corresponding point through dynamic correction, and the time-distance curve or the same-phase axis is consistent with the form of the underground interface, so as to realize the same-phase superposition. In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for implementing step S101 in the method for attenuating noise of seismic data is provided, and referring to fig. 5, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s1011: determining a target seismic channel needing noise suppression in the preprocessed seismic data;
s1013: extracting a plurality of original seismic traces with the CDP line number difference, the CDP number difference, the offset difference and the azimuth difference smaller than the preset values from the target seismic traces in the preset CDP line number range, the CDP number range, the offset distance range and the azimuth angle range.
In this step, according to the target trace to be noise suppressed in one CDP (common depth point) determined in step S1011, the trace most relevant to the target trace, that is, the CDP number, CDP line number, offset distance, and partial trace with the smallest azimuth difference are searched within the offset distance range and azimuth range set by the user according to the CDP line number range and CDP range provided by the user.
And determining the seismic channels with the CDP line number difference, the CDP number difference, the offset distance difference and the azimuth angle difference smaller than the preset values as the most relevant seismic channels. In the seismic data, the included angle between the midpoint of the connecting line between the shot point and the detector point and the X-axis direction of the coordinate system where the shot point is located is called azimuth angle.
It should be noted that, according to the above lines, a plurality of most relevant seismic traces may be determined, where CDP is a grid of origin in the coordinate system along the X direction, for example: CDP number 10, i.e. origin to 10 th grid in X direction; CDP line number is a grid of origin in the Y direction in the coordinate system, for example: CDP line number 20, i.e. origin to 20 th grid in Y direction.
Further, before step S1013, the method further includes:
s1012: and sequencing the preprocessed seismic data according to the offset, azimuth, CDP line number, CDP number and time sequence.
In the step, the preprocessed seismic data are subjected to sorting processing according to offset, azimuth, CDP line number, CDP number and time sequence, and the sorted seismic data form five-dimensional gather data. And according to the five-dimensional gather data formed after the sorting, the step S1013 can rapidly extract a plurality of seismic traces according to preset conditions.
It should be noted that the sorting and arrangement of the seismic data have a greater influence on the suppression effect of random noise, and the sorting and arrangement of the data with high dimensionality can more finely combine seismic traces with the same characteristics.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for implementing step S102 in the method for attenuating noise of seismic data is provided, and referring to fig. 6, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s1021: calculating correlation spectrums corresponding to all seismic channels and determining the visual dip angle time difference corresponding to the correlation spectrum values of all the correlation spectrums;
in this step, the main purpose of calculating the correlation spectrum corresponding to each seismic trace is to obtain the apparent dip angle of the data in the offset direction, azimuth direction, CDP number direction and CDP line number direction caused by the dip angle, inclination, bending, etc. of the stratum, and obtain the correlation spectrum of each trace of data on each sample point and the apparent dip angle in the corresponding offset direction, azimuth angle, CDP number and CDP line number direction.
The invention adopts the inclination angle scanning method to obtain the visual inclination angles, wherein the scanning range of the inclination angles is defined by the time difference (millisecond) of adjacent channels, and the visual inclination angle scanning range defined by millisecond is converted into the scanning number ndipo in the offset distance direction, the scanning number ndipa in the azimuth angle direction, the scanning number nditxl in the CDP number direction and the scanning number ndipsl in the CDP line number direction in actual operation. For each sample point in the seismic trace, the correlation spectrum values are:
NS＝ndipo×ndipa×ndipsl×ndipxl (1)
Further, the following formula is adopted to determine the viewing angle time difference corresponding to the correlation spectrum value:
wherein the numerator is the square of the sum of the amplitudes, the denominator is the sum of the number of coverage times M and the square of the amplitudes, f a,o,y,x,t The amplitude values at azimuth angle a, offset o, CDP line number direction y, CDP line number direction x and time t after the apparent dip correction are shown.
S1023: and performing dip angle time difference correction processing on each seismic channel according to each visual dip angle time difference to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
In the step, the purpose of the dip angle time difference correction processing is to level the same phase axis of the seismic channel with the underground complex structure.
Further, before step S1023, the method further includes:
s1022: deleting the plurality of dip angle time differences and the plurality of seismic channels according to the correlation common value of the correlation spectrum, and reserving the dip angle time differences and the seismic channels which are larger than the preset correlation spectrum value;
in this step, in order to obtain a reliable viewing angle, a clipping process must be performed on the relevant spectrum values in order to improve the reliability of the viewing angle, the preset value range of the relevant spectrum values is 0 to 1, and the user can set a threshold value, under which the obtained viewing angle is considered unreliable, the viewing angle is not involved in the process, and the viewing angle greater than or equal to 0.4 is obtained by interpolation in the time direction, so that the reliability of the viewing angle can be improved.
After the correlation spectrum values are cut, correspondingly, the inclination angle time difference correction processing is carried out on each reserved seismic channel according to each reserved apparent inclination angle time difference.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for implementing step S103 in the method for attenuating noise of seismic data is provided, and referring to fig. 7, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s1031: adding the plurality of seismic channels subjected to inclination angle time difference correction and the plurality of extracted seismic channels, and multiplying the results of the plurality of adding processes by weighting coefficients to obtain a plurality of operation processing data;
in this step, by performing the inclination angle time difference correction processing, it is possible to realize smoothing of the apparent inclination angle in the time direction, enhancing the stability of the apparent inclination angle. And adding the plurality of seismic channels with the inclination angle time difference corrected with the plurality of extracted seismic channels, so that the noise of the apparent inclination angle can be eliminated as much as possible.
It can be understood that the seismic traces after each dip time difference correction are added to the seismic traces before each dip time difference correction, and the result of each addition is multiplied by the weighting coefficient corresponding to the seismic trace before each dip time difference correction. Wherein, each seismic channel corresponds to a weighting coefficient, and the weighting coefficient is carried out by adopting the following formula:
Wherein, beta is a weighting coefficient, S is the distance from the midpoint of the connecting line between the coordinates of the shot point and the coordinates of the detection point to the CDP point, and L is the diagonal length of the coordinate grid in the coordinate system where the CDP point is located.
The weighting coefficient refers to a coefficient of each seismic trace offset CDP midpoint in the same CDP, when the weighting coefficient is calculated, firstly, the center point coordinate of the CDP is calculated according to the origin point coordinate provided by a user and the provided coordinate grid, the shot point coordinate and the detector point coordinate of each seismic trace are obtained, firstly, the midpoint coordinate of the connecting line of the shot point seat and the detector point of each seismic trace is calculated, then the distance S from the CDP coordinate to the midpoint coordinate of the connecting line of the offset is calculated, meanwhile, the diagonal length L of the grid is calculated, and then the ratio of S/L is calculated. The weighting factor is obtained by subtracting this ratio from 1, the magnitude of the weighting factor typically being between 0 and 1.
S1032: and adding the plurality of operation processing data to form a model seismic trace after noise suppression.
In this step, a plurality of arithmetic processing data are added, so that a reliably denoised model seismic trace can be established.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a specific application example of the method for attenuating seismic data noise is provided, which specifically includes the following:
Preprocessing the acquired three-dimensional high-density wide-azimuth seismic data according to the steps of the embodiment of the method, and arranging the processed data according to offset, azimuth, line number and CDP number in time, so that a five-dimensional data body can be formed, wherein adjacent tracks in the five-dimensional data body have better correlation.
Wherein, the grid size is 12.5X12.5, the maximum offset distance is 7200 m, and the origin coordinates are: x=511293.3, y=3094408.8, cdp number 10, cdp line number 20; the center coordinates of the CDP are: cdpx=511293.3+10×12.5=511418.3, cdpy=3094408.8+12.5×20= 3094658.8; the coordinates of the shot points of the seismic channel needing noise attenuation are obtained from the seismic data: spX =511798.2, spy= 3094759.8, coordinates of the detector point are: gpX =511040.4, gpy= 3094560.8; the midpoint coordinates of the shot points of the seismic channels are as follows: x '=511420.3, y' = 3094660.3, where the offset line midpoint coordinates are half of the sum of shot and detector coordinates.
Thus, the distance between the offset midpoint and the CDP coordinate point can be calculated as s=2.5 meters, and the diagonal length of the coordinate grid is: l=sqrt (2×12.5×12.5) =17.675, sqrt () is an open square function, and the weighting coefficient is: beta=1-2.5/17.675 = 0.1414.
The azimuth size can be calculated at the same time as:if a calculated by the patent is larger than 360 degrees, a can directly pay zero value, namely: a=0 degrees, if a is less than zero, a=a+360, after performing the first two conditions, if a also has a value greater than 180 degrees, a directly pays-180 degrees, i.e. a= -180 degrees.
After the noise attenuation is performed on the CDP trace set before denoising shown in fig. 8 according to the steps in the embodiment of the method, the signal to noise ratio is very low, the effective signal phase axis is difficult to see on the CDP seismic trace set section, and the phase axis is fuzzy and unclear after superposition. As shown in fig. 9-10, the seismic data before and after denoising are overlapped, and the phase axis of the overlapped effective signal after denoising is clearer. The denoised CDP trace shown in fig. 11, on which the significant signal phase axis can be clearly seen. Fig. 12 shows the noise output after denoising, and the CDP trace set has no obvious effective signal, which shows that the original waveform characteristics of the seismic data are basically maintained after denoising, and the denoising fidelity is high, which can also be confirmed on the noise superposition section. FIG. 13 shows that the noise superposition section has no obvious effective signal phase axis, and the waveform characteristics of the original seismic data are well maintained after the denoising of the patent.
From the above description, the method for attenuating the noise of the seismic data provided by the embodiment of the application can better maintain the waveform characteristics of the original seismic data after denoising, and can greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the seismic data, thereby improving the precision and the accuracy of seismic exploration.
The embodiment of the invention provides a specific implementation manner of a seismic data noise attenuation device capable of realizing all contents in the seismic data noise attenuation method, referring to fig. 14, specifically including the following contents:
a screening unit 20, configured to extract, from the preprocessed seismic data, a plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppression of a target seismic trace;
the dip angle time difference correction unit 30 is configured to perform dip angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic trace, so as to obtain a corresponding corrected seismic trace;
an operation processing unit 40, configured to superimpose each corrected seismic trace and each original seismic trace to obtain a model seismic trace;
and the mixing processing unit 50 is configured to perform mixing processing on the model seismic traces and each original seismic trace, so as to form seismic data after noise suppression.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps:
The preprocessing unit 10 is configured to perform de-coding on the seismic data, and perform dynamic correction on the de-coded seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data.
Further, the screening unit 20 includes:
a target subunit 201, configured to determine a target seismic trace that needs to be noise suppressed in the preprocessed seismic data;
an extracting subunit 203, configured to extract a plurality of original seismic traces with CDP numbers, offset distances, and azimuth angles smaller than the respective preset values from the CDP numbers, the offset distances, and the azimuth angles between the CDP numbers, the offset distances, and the azimuth angles.
Further, the screening unit 20 further includes:
a sorting subunit 202, configured to sort the preprocessed seismic data according to offset, azimuth, CDP line number, CDP number, and timing.
Further, the tilt time difference correction unit 30 includes:
a calculating subunit 301, configured to calculate a correlation spectrum corresponding to each seismic trace and determine a view angle time difference corresponding to a correlation spectrum value of each correlation spectrum;
and the correction subunit 303 is configured to perform dip angle time difference correction processing on each seismic trace according to each dip angle time difference, so as to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic trace.
Further, the tilt time difference correction unit 30 further includes:
a clipping subunit 302, configured to delete the plurality of dip angle time differences and the plurality of seismic traces according to the correlation common value of the correlation spectrum, and reserve a dip angle time difference and a seismic trace that are greater than a preset correlation spectrum value;
correspondingly, the correction subunit 303 performs dip angle time difference correction processing on each reserved seismic trace according to each reserved viewing dip angle time difference, so as to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic trace.
Further, the arithmetic processing unit 40 includes:
an operation subunit 401, configured to perform addition processing on the plurality of seismic traces after the dip angle time difference correction and the plurality of extracted seismic traces, where the results of the plurality of addition processing are multiplied by weighting coefficients to obtain a plurality of operation processing data respectively;
and the processing subunit 402 is configured to perform addition processing on the plurality of operation processing data to form a model seismic trace after noise suppression.
The embodiment of the seismic data noise attenuation device provided by the invention can be particularly used for executing the processing flow of the embodiment of the seismic data noise attenuation method in the embodiment, and the functions of the embodiment of the seismic data noise attenuation device are not repeated herein, and can be referred to in the detailed description of the embodiment of the method.
As can be seen from the above description, the seismic data noise attenuation device provided by the embodiment of the present invention extracts a plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppression of a target seismic trace from the preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out inclination angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain corresponding correction seismic channels; superposing each correction seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel; and carrying out wave mixing processing on the model seismic channels and the original seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression, so that the noise in the seismic data can be reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data can be improved, and further, the precision and accuracy of seismic exploration can be improved.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a specific implementation manner of an electronic device capable of implementing all the steps in the seismic data noise attenuation method in the foregoing embodiment, and referring to fig. 15, the electronic device specifically includes the following contents:
a processor (processor) 601, a memory (memory) 602, a communication interface (Communications Interface) 603, and a bus 604;
wherein the processor 601, the memory 602, and the communication interface 603 complete communication with each other through the bus 604; the processor 601 is configured to invoke a computer program in the memory 602, where the processor executes the computer program to implement all the steps in the method for attenuating seismic data noise in the foregoing embodiment, for example, the processor executes the computer program to implement the following steps: preprocessing the seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data; extracting a plurality of seismic channels for noise suppression of a target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on a plurality of seismic channels; performing operation processing on the plurality of seismic channels with the inclination angle time difference corrected and the plurality of extracted seismic channels to form a model seismic channel with suppressed noise; and carrying out wave mixing treatment on the model seismic channel and the plurality of extracted seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression.
An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium capable of implementing all the steps of the seismic data noise attenuation method in the above embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements all the steps of the seismic data noise attenuation method in the above embodiment, for example, the processor implementing the steps of: preprocessing the seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data; extracting a plurality of seismic channels for noise suppression of a target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on a plurality of seismic channels; performing operation processing on the plurality of seismic channels with the inclination angle time difference corrected and the plurality of extracted seismic channels to form a model seismic channel with suppressed noise; and carrying out wave mixing treatment on the model seismic channel and the plurality of extracted seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression.
Although the invention provides method operational steps as described in the examples or flowcharts, more or fewer operational steps may be included based on conventional or non-inventive labor. The order of steps recited in the embodiments is merely one way of performing the order of steps and does not represent a unique order of execution. When implemented by an actual device or client product, the instructions may be executed sequentially or in parallel (e.g., in a parallel processor or multi-threaded processing environment) as shown in the embodiments or figures.
The system, apparatus, module or unit set forth in the above embodiments may be implemented in particular by a computer chip or entity, or by a product having a certain function. One typical implementation is a computer. In particular, the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a car-mounted human-computer interaction device, a cellular telephone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In one typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include volatile memory in a computer-readable medium, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or nonvolatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of computer-readable media.
Computer readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of storage media for a computer include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), read Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium, which can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. Computer-readable media, as defined herein, does not include transitory computer-readable media (transmission media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present description may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present specification embodiments may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects.
The present embodiments may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The embodiments of the specification may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, as relevant to see a section of the description of method embodiments. In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the description of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth. It may be evident, however, that the embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description. Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting the intention: i.e., the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention is not limited to any single aspect, nor to any single embodiment, nor to any combination and/or permutation of these aspects and/or embodiments. Moreover, each aspect and/or embodiment of the invention may be used alone or in combination with one or more other aspects and/or embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.
Claims (8)
1. A method of seismic data noise attenuation comprising:
extracting a plurality of original seismic channels for noise suppression of a target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data;
respectively carrying out inclination angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain corresponding correction seismic channels;
superposing each correction seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel;
carrying out wave mixing treatment on the model seismic channels and the original seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression;
Before extracting the plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppression of the target seismic trace from the preprocessed seismic data, the method further comprises: performing de-coding on the seismic data, and performing dynamic correction on the de-coded seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data; the de-compiling of the seismic data includes: converting binary data of records on the seismic data carrier in time sequence into data in channel sequence;
the step of superposing each corrected seismic trace and each original seismic trace to obtain a model seismic trace comprises the following steps:
adding the plurality of seismic channels subjected to inclination angle time difference correction and the plurality of extracted seismic channels, and multiplying the results of the plurality of adding processes by weighting coefficients to obtain a plurality of operation processing data;
adding the plurality of operation processing data to form a model seismic channel after noise suppression;
the weighting coefficients are determined according to the following formula:
wherein, beta is a weighting coefficient, S is the distance from the midpoint of the connecting line between the shot point coordinates and the detection point coordinates to the CDP point, and L is the diagonal length of the coordinate grid in the coordinate system where the CDP point is located;
extracting a plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppression of a target seismic trace from the preprocessed seismic data, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
Determining a target seismic channel needing noise suppression in the preprocessed seismic data;
extracting a plurality of original seismic traces with the CDP line number difference, the CDP number difference, the offset difference and the azimuth difference smaller than the preset values from the target seismic traces in the preset CDP line number range, the CDP number range, the offset range and the azimuth range;
before extracting a plurality of original seismic traces with the CDP line number difference, the CDP number difference, the offset difference and the azimuth angle difference between the CDP line number difference, the CDP number difference, the offset distance range and the azimuth angle range and the target seismic trace being smaller than each preset value, the method further comprises:
and sequencing the preprocessed seismic data according to the offset, azimuth, CDP line number, CDP number and time sequence.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said performing tilt time difference correction processing on each of said original seismic traces to obtain a corresponding corrected seismic trace comprises:
calculating correlation spectrums corresponding to all seismic channels and determining the visual dip angle time difference corresponding to the correlation spectrum values of all the correlation spectrums;
and performing dip angle time difference correction processing on each seismic channel according to each visual dip angle time difference to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
3. The method of seismic data noise attenuation according to claim 2, wherein before performing the dip-time difference correction processing on each seismic trace according to each view dip-time difference, further comprising:
deleting the plurality of dip angle time differences and the plurality of seismic channels according to the correlation common value of the correlation spectrum, and reserving the dip angle time differences and the seismic channels which are larger than the preset correlation spectrum value;
correspondingly, the inclination angle time difference correction processing is carried out on each reserved seismic channel according to each reserved apparent inclination angle time difference, so that each corresponding corrected seismic channel is obtained.
4. A seismic data noise attenuation apparatus, comprising:
the screening unit is used for extracting a plurality of original seismic channels for noise suppression of the target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data;
the inclination time difference correction unit is used for respectively carrying out inclination time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel;
the operation processing unit is used for superposing each correction seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel;
the wave mixing processing unit is used for carrying out wave mixing processing on the model seismic channel and each original seismic channel to form seismic data after noise suppression;
The seismic data noise attenuation device is also used for: performing de-coding on the seismic data, and performing dynamic correction on the de-coded seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data; the de-compiling of the seismic data includes: converting binary data of records on the seismic data carrier in time sequence into data in channel sequence;
the arithmetic processing unit includes:
the operation subunit is used for carrying out addition processing on the plurality of seismic channels subjected to inclination angle time difference correction and the plurality of extracted seismic channels, and respectively multiplying the results of the addition processing by a weighting coefficient to obtain a plurality of operation processing data;
the processing subunit is used for adding the plurality of operation processing data to form a model seismic channel after noise suppression;
the weighting coefficients are determined according to the following formula:
wherein, beta is a weighting coefficient, S is the distance from the midpoint of the connecting line between the shot point coordinates and the detection point coordinates to the CDP point, and L is the diagonal length of the coordinate grid in the coordinate system where the CDP point is located;
the screening unit comprises:
the target subunit is used for determining a target seismic channel needing noise suppression in the preprocessed seismic data;
an extraction subunit, configured to extract, in a preset CDP line number range, a CDP number range, an offset distance range, and an azimuth angle range, a plurality of original seismic traces that are smaller than each preset value, each of a CDP line number difference, a CDP number difference, an offset distance difference, and an azimuth angle difference between the CDP line number difference, the CDP number difference, the offset distance difference, and the azimuth angle difference with respect to the target seismic trace;
The screening unit further includes:
and the sequencing subunit is used for sequencing the preprocessed seismic data according to the offset, the azimuth angle, the CDP line number, the CDP number and the time sequence.
5. The seismic data noise attenuation device of claim 4, wherein the dip moveout correction unit comprises:
the computing subunit is used for computing the correlation spectrum corresponding to each seismic channel and determining the visual dip angle time difference corresponding to the correlation spectrum value of each correlation spectrum;
and the correction subunit is used for carrying out inclination angle time difference correction processing on each seismic channel according to each inclination angle time difference so as to obtain each corresponding correction seismic channel.
6. The seismic data noise attenuation device of claim 5, wherein the dip moveout correction unit further comprises:
the clipping subunit is used for deleting the plurality of dip angle time differences and the plurality of seismic channels according to the correlation common value of the correlation spectrum, and reserving the dip angle time differences and the seismic channels which are larger than the preset correlation spectrum value;
correspondingly, the correction subunit performs dip angle time difference correction processing on each reserved seismic channel according to each reserved visual dip angle time difference to obtain each corresponding correction seismic channel.
7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor performs the steps of the seismic data noise attenuation method of any of claims 1 to 3.
8. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the seismic data noise attenuation method of any of claims 1 to 3.
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