CN111536507A - Low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation return regulation and control system and integration method - Google Patents

Low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation return regulation and control system and integration method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111536507A
CN111536507A CN202010432812.9A CN202010432812A CN111536507A CN 111536507 A CN111536507 A CN 111536507A CN 202010432812 A CN202010432812 A CN 202010432812A CN 111536507 A CN111536507 A CN 111536507A
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China
Prior art keywords
ash
slag
hearth
fuel
flue gas
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CN202010432812.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张福强
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Harbin Hongguang Boiler General Factory Co ltd
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Harbin Hongguang Boiler General Factory Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010432812.9A priority Critical patent/CN111536507A/en
Publication of CN111536507A publication Critical patent/CN111536507A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
    • F23C10/26—Devices for removal of material from the bed combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/30—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus for controlling the level of the bed or the amount of material in the bed

Abstract

The low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system comprises a hearth, a separator, a material returning device, a slag discharge pipe, a slag discharge regulating valve, a slag cooler, an ash discharge pipe, an ash discharge regulating valve, an ash cooling slag machine, an ash discharge pipe, an ash discharge regulating valve, an ash cooling machine and an ash removing machine; the inlet end of the ash discharge pipe extends into the air chamber and is communicated with the bottom of the material return valve, and the position of the movable cylinder is adjustable in the fixed cylinder; the integration method comprises the steps of fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation and ash residue discharge under the condition of boiler load reduction or fuel heat value reduction. The invention controls the amount of separated and returned ash, ash and slag discharge, or the separated and returned ash amountAnd ash and clinker discharging and ash discharging methods, so that the ash separating amount, the ash returning amount and hearth bed material of the boiler can be adjusted when the boiler is under low load or the fuel suddenly changes, the temperature field in the hearth is reasonable and uniform, the boiler can safely, stably and efficiently run for a long time, and NO is usedXAnd SO2And (4) ultralow pollutant emission.

Description

Low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation return regulation and control system and integration method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a boiler separation return regulation and control system and an integration method, in particular to a low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler separation return regulation and control system and an integration method.
Background
The circulating fluidized bed boiler is an environment-friendly and energy-saving combustion technology, and realizes optimization of a combustion system along with application of a low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler adopting a high-efficiency separator and a self-balancing material returning device, so that a flow state is formed again, a better low-emission effect of pollutants is obtained, but safe and stable operation, energy-saving combustion and environment-friendly emission of the boiler can be influenced by fuel replacement and load sudden change. As the separation efficiency of the boiler is improved, the fine ash in the circulating material is increased, the bed quality is improved, the bed storage is reduced, the combustion efficiency is improved, and the low-nitrogen combustion is realized. However, the problem of excessive fine ash in the circulating material occurs when the boiler operates under low load or the calorific value of the fuel is reduced, so that the lower bed temperature of the hearth is too low, unstable combustion and flameout, incomplete combustion of the fuel, reduction of the desulfurization efficiency in the boiler and the like can occur, and the stable operation, the high-efficiency combustion and the ultralow emission of pollutants of the boiler are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a separation and return regulation and control system and an integration method for a low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler, aiming at solving the problems that when the load of the existing low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler is reduced or the calorific value of fuel is reduced, the amount of circulating materials is too much, the combustion is unstable and flameout, the desulfurization efficiency in the boiler is reduced, the combustion efficiency of the boiler is low, and the pollutant emission is high.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system comprises a hearth, a separator and a material returning device; the separation material returning regulation and control system further comprises a slag discharge pipe, a slag discharge regulating valve, a slag cooler, an ash discharge pipe, an ash discharge regulating valve, an ash cooler and an ash remover;
the vertical material pipe of the return feeder is arranged on the upper part of a return valve of the return feeder, a return leg of the return feeder is arranged on the side surface of the return valve, a hood of the return feeder is arranged at the bottom of the return valve, an air chamber of the return feeder is arranged on the lower part of the return valve, the inlet end of an ash discharge pipe extends into the air chamber and is communicated with the bottom of the return valve, the outlet end of the ash discharge pipe is connected with an ash cooling machine, an ash discharge regulating valve is arranged on the ash discharge pipe, the ash cooling machine is connected with an ash removal machine, the return leg is communicated with the rear lower part of a hearth, a plurality of observation holes are vertically arranged on the vertical material pipe of the return feeder, and a limestone desulfurization interface is arranged on the return leg;
the central cylinder of the separator comprises a fixed cylinder and a movable cylinder, the fixed cylinder is installed at the top of a vertical section of the separator, the fixed cylinder is connected with a tail flue, a plurality of groups of through holes are formed in the wall surface of the movable cylinder along the length direction, a through group of through holes are formed in the wall surface of the fixed cylinder, the movable cylinder is fixed in the fixed cylinder through a pin shaft penetrating through the group of through holes and any group of through holes to achieve position adjustment, a plurality of SNCR denitration interfaces are uniformly distributed on the lateral part of an inlet and outlet speed adjusting section, the inlet and outlet speed adjusting section of the separator is installed on the lateral surface of the vertical section of the separator, a conical section of the separator is installed on the lower part of the vertical section, the inlet and outlet speed adjusting section is;
the slag discharging pipe and the ash discharging pipe are respectively installed at two ends of the bottom of the hearth in the length direction, the slag discharging regulating valve is installed on the slag discharging pipe, the slag discharging pipe is connected with the slag cooler, the ash discharging regulating valve is installed on the ash discharging pipe, the ash discharging pipe is connected with the cold slag remover, and the cold slag remover are respectively connected with the ash removing machine.
The invention discloses an integration method I of a low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system, which comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
Closing an ash discharge regulating valve on an ash discharge pipe, enabling fuel to enter the lower part of a hearth through a feeding device, and rapidly burning the fuel after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, carrying a large amount of materials generated in the burning process to the upper part of the hearth by flue gas, enabling the flue gas to carry fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section of a separator from a rear outlet of the upper part of the hearth, and then enabling the fine ash to enter a vertical section of the separator to separate the flue gas from the fine ash around a central cylinder;
changing the length of a movable cylinder of a central cylinder, adjusting the separation of smoke and fine ash, reducing or increasing the amount of separated ash, stabilizing the temperature of returned ash in a hearth 1 to be between 800-plus-900 ℃, enabling the separated ash to enter a return feeder through a cone of the separator, enabling the separated ash to enter a return valve through a vertical material leg of the return feeder, enabling part of the returned ash to return to the lower part of the hearth through the return material leg, heating fuel entering the bottom of the hearth through a feeding device, continuously fluidizing and circularly combusting, enabling the separated smoke to enter a tail flue through the central cylinder to exchange heat and then to be discharged out of the furnace;
second, ash and slag discharge
And closing the ash discharging regulating valve arranged on the ash discharging pipe at the corresponding material returning leg position, regulating the opening of the ash discharging regulating valve on the ash discharging pipe, discharging large-particle slag formed after combustion of fuel at the lower part of the hearth, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler, discharging to an ash removing machine, and conveying to a slag bin.
The invention discloses an integration method II of a low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system, which comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
Closing an ash discharge regulating valve on an ash discharge pipe, enabling fuel to enter the lower part of a hearth through a feeding device, and rapidly burning the fuel after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, carrying a large amount of materials generated in the burning process to the upper part of the hearth by flue gas, enabling the flue gas to carry fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section of a separator from a rear outlet of the upper part of the hearth, and then enabling the fine ash to enter a vertical section of the separator to separate the flue gas from the fine ash around a central cylinder;
separated ash enters a material returning device through a cone of the separator, the separated ash enters a material returning valve through a vertical material leg of the material returning device, part of the returned ash returns to the lower part of the hearth through the material returning leg, fuel entering the bottom of the hearth through a feeding device is heated, the fuel is continuously fluidized and circularly combusted, and separated flue gas enters a tail flue through a central cylinder to exchange heat and then is discharged out of the furnace;
second, ash and slag discharge
Adjusting the opening of a slag discharge adjusting valve on a slag discharge pipe, discharging large-particle slag formed after fuel at the lower part of a hearth is combusted, improving the quality of formed bed materials, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler, discharging the cooled high-temperature large-particle slag to an ash and slag remover, and conveying the slag remover to a slag bin; the opening of an ash discharge regulating valve arranged on an ash discharge pipe at the corresponding material return leg position is regulated, most of the return ash and a small amount of slag are discharged, the stock of the formed bed material is reduced, the temperature in the hearth is stabilized to be between 800-plus-900 ℃, and the high-temperature ash is cooled by an ash cooling machine, discharged to an ash removing machine and conveyed to a slag bin.
The invention discloses an integration method III of a low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system, which comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
The fuel enters the lower part of the hearth through the feeding device, is rapidly combusted after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, a large amount of materials generated in the combustion process are carried to the upper part of the hearth by flue gas, the flue gas carries fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section of the separator from a rear outlet at the upper part of the hearth, and then the flue gas and the fine ash are separated around the central cylinder in a vertical section of the separator;
separated ash enters a return feeder through a cone of the separator, the separated ash enters a return valve through a vertical material leg of the return feeder, part of the return ash returns to the lower part of the hearth through the return material leg, fuel entering the bottom of the hearth through a feeding device is heated, the fuel is continuously fluidized and circularly combusted, separated flue gas enters a tail flue through a central cylinder to be discharged out of the furnace after heat exchange, the opening degree of an ash discharge adjusting valve on an ash discharge pipe is adjusted, part of the return ash is discharged, the amount of the return ash returning to the hearth is controlled, and the temperature in the hearth is stabilized between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃;
second, ash and slag discharge
And closing the ash discharging regulating valve arranged on the ash discharging pipe at the corresponding position of the material returning leg, regulating the opening of the ash discharging regulating valve on the ash discharging pipe, discharging large-particle slag formed after combustion of fuel at the lower part of the hearth, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler, discharging to the slag remover, conveying to a slag bin, cooling the high-temperature ash by an ash cooler, discharging to the slag remover, and conveying to the slag bin.
The invention relates to a separation and return regulation system and an integration method for a low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler, which comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
Closing an ash discharge regulating valve on an ash discharge pipe, enabling fuel to enter the lower part of a hearth through a feeding device, and rapidly burning the fuel after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, carrying a large amount of materials generated in the burning process to the upper part of the hearth by flue gas, enabling the flue gas to carry fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section of a separator from a rear outlet of the upper part of the hearth, and then enabling the fine ash to enter a vertical section of the separator to separate the flue gas from the fine ash around a central cylinder;
changing the length of a movable cylinder of a central cylinder, adjusting the separation of smoke and fine ash, reducing or increasing the amount of separated ash, stabilizing the temperature of returned ash in a hearth between 800-plus-900 ℃, enabling the separated ash to enter a return feeder through a cone of a separator, enabling the separated ash to enter a return valve through a vertical material leg of the return feeder, returning part of the returned ash to the lower part of the hearth through the return material leg, heating fuel entering the bottom of the hearth through a feeding device, continuously fluidizing and circularly combusting, enabling the separated smoke to enter a tail flue through the central cylinder for heat exchange, and then discharging the smoke out of the furnace;
second, ash and slag discharge
Adjusting the opening of a slag discharge adjusting valve on a slag discharge pipe, discharging large-particle slag formed after fuel at the lower part of a hearth is combusted, improving the quality of formed bed materials, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler, discharging the cooled high-temperature large-particle slag to an ash and slag remover, and conveying the slag remover to a slag bin;
the opening of an ash discharge regulating valve arranged on an ash discharge pipe at the corresponding material return leg position is regulated, most of the return ash and a small amount of slag are discharged, the stock of the formed bed material is reduced, the temperature in the hearth is stabilized to be between 800 and 900 ℃, and the high-temperature ash is cooled by an ash cooling machine, discharged to a slag remover and conveyed to a slag bin.
The invention discloses an integration method five of a low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system, which comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
The fuel enters the lower part of the hearth through the feeding device, is rapidly combusted after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, a large amount of materials generated in the combustion process are carried to the upper part of the hearth by flue gas, the flue gas carries fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section of the separator from a rear outlet at the upper part of the hearth, and then the flue gas and the fine ash are separated around the central cylinder in a vertical section of the separator;
separated ash enters a return feeder through a cone of the separator, the separated ash enters a return valve through a vertical material leg of the return feeder, part of the return ash returns to the lower part of the hearth through the return material leg, fuel entering the bottom of the hearth through a feeding device is heated, the fuel is continuously fluidized and circularly combusted, separated flue gas enters a tail flue through a central cylinder to be discharged out of the furnace after heat exchange, the opening degree of an ash discharge adjusting valve on an ash discharge pipe is adjusted, part of the return ash is discharged, the amount of the return ash returning to the hearth is controlled, and the temperature in the hearth is stabilized between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃;
second, ash and slag discharge
Adjusting the opening of a slag discharge adjusting valve on a slag discharge pipe, discharging large-particle slag formed after fuel at the lower part of a hearth is combusted, improving the quality of formed bed materials, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler, discharging the cooled high-temperature large-particle slag to an ash and slag remover, and conveying the slag remover to a slag bin;
and adjusting the opening degree of an ash discharge regulating valve arranged on an ash discharge pipe at the corresponding material return leg position to discharge most of the return ash and a small amount of slag, reducing the stock of the formed bed material, stabilizing the temperature in the hearth to be between 800 and 900 ℃, discharging the high-temperature ash slag to an ash removal machine after being cooled by an ash cooling machine, conveying the high-temperature ash slag to a slag bin, and discharging the high-temperature ash slag to the ash removal machine after being cooled by the ash cooling machine and conveying the high-temperature ash slag to the slag bin.
In the scheme, limestone is fed into the furnace after the limestone desulfurization interfaces 3-7 on the material returning device 3 are integrated, so that the limestone desulfurization in the furnace is realized; by integrating SNCR denitration interfaces 2-6 arranged on the separator 2, the low-cost SNCR denitration in the furnace can be realized, and NO is actively controlledXGeneration of and NOX、SO2In-furnace stripping to realize NOX、SO2And (4) ultralow pollutant emission.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the adjustable central cylinder designed by the invention increases or reduces the total length of the central cylinder, achieves the purpose of flexibly adjusting the total length of the central cylinder, adjusts and adjusts the efficiency of the separator, controls the separated ash amount, ensures the separated ash amount when the boiler is under low load or the fuel suddenly changes, and ensures the stable operation of the boiler.
2. The invention designs the ash discharge pipe and the ash discharge regulating valve, realizes the controllability of the amount of the returned ash when the boiler is under low load or the fuel is suddenly changed by controlling the amount of the returned ash, ensures that the temperature in the hearth reaches the design value and can be controlled within the range of 800 plus materials and 900 ℃, avoids the phenomena of furnace shutdown caused by unstable combustion and flameout or coking, environmental-friendly discharge failure caused by low desulfurization efficiency in the furnace, boiler efficiency reduction caused by incomplete combustion of the fuel and the like, ensures that the boiler can safely, stably and efficiently run for a long time, and NO is usedXAnd SO2And (4) ultralow emission. Has better social benefit and economic benefit.
3. The separation return material regulation and control system adopts the high-efficiency separator to realize adjustable separation efficiency, and simultaneously integrates the standby SNCR denitration interface to realize NO after flow state reconstructionXThe synergistic and efficient separation.
4. The separation return material regulation and control system adopts a non-mechanical self-balancing return feeder, realizes the controllable amount of return material ash, integrates a limestone desulfurization interface, and realizes SO reconstructed in a flow state2The synergistic and efficient separation.
5. According to the separated return material regulation and control system, after the flow state reconstruction is realized, the concentration of large particles at the lower part of the hearth is greatly reduced, so that the abrasion of an abrasion-proof layer of a dense phase region at the lower part of the hearth, particularly the abrasion of the junction of the abrasion-proof layer and a membrane wall, is reduced, the availability of a boiler is improved, and the safe operation is realized.
6. By utilizing the separation material returning regulation and control system, after the flow state reconstruction is realized, the concentration of the material in the secondary air area is reduced when the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler operates, the penetration disturbance effect of the secondary air is enhanced, the gas-solid mixing effect at the upper part of the hearth is improved, the combustion efficiency of the boiler is improved, the coal consumption is reduced, and the coal-saving combustion is realized; the lower part of the hearth is easier to form reducing atmosphere, the generation of nitrogen oxides is inhibited, and thermal NO is generatedXReduced generation of NOXThe low-nitrogen combustion is realized, the combustion efficiency of the boiler is improved, and the generation of pollutants is reduced. After the reconstruction of the flow state is realized, the power required by material fluidization is reduced, the pressure heads of the primary fan and the secondary fan of the boiler are reduced, the power consumption of the fans is greatly reduced, and the electricity-saving operation is realized.
7. The slag discharge pipes are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the hearth, coarse slag formed after fuel combustion is discharged through the slag discharge regulating valve, the ash discharge pipe is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the hearth, the direction of the corresponding return leg connected with the hearth controls the ash discharge regulating valve to discharge return ash and fine slag formed after fuel combustion.
8. According to the integration method, after the flow state reconstruction is carried out, the temperature field in the furnace is more reasonable and uniform, and limestone and SO are mixed2The reaction time is longer, the integrated desulfurization in the furnace with low Ca/S is realized, the ultra-low emission of pollutants and SO2The stripping efficiency is improved to more than 99.8 percent.
9. The integration method of the invention is that NH generated by pyrolysis of urea or ammonia water is reconstructed through flow state3With NO in the sootXCarrying out SNCR gas phase reaction to remove NO in smokeXAnd high-efficiency integrated denitration in the furnace is realized, and ultra-low pollutant emission is achieved.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a low emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation feed back regulation system and integrated process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the interaction of a slag cooler, a clinker cooler and a clinker remover;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the interaction of a cold slag machine, a cold ash slag machine and an ash slag remover;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the elevational layout of the interaction of the slag cooler, the ash cooler and the ash remover;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at I;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at II;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line K-K of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the general assembly of a low emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler utilizing the separated return regulation system of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along line C-C and line D-D of fig. 8.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler separation and return regulation integrated system of the present embodiment includes a furnace 1, a separator 2, and a return feeder 3; the separation return regulation and control system further comprises a slag discharge pipe 6, a slag discharge regulating valve 7, a slag cooler 8, a slag discharge pipe 9, a slag discharge regulating valve 10, a cold ash residue machine 11, an ash discharge pipe 12, an ash discharge regulating valve 13, an ash cooler 14 and an ash remover 15;
the vertical material pipe 3-1 of the material returning device 3 is arranged at the upper part of a material returning valve 3-2 of the material returning device 3, the material returning leg 3-3 of the material returning device 3 is arranged at the side surface of the material returning valve 3-2, the hood 3-5 of the material returning device 3 is arranged at the bottom of the material returning valve 3-2, the air chamber 3-6 of the material returning device 3 is arranged at the lower part of the material returning valve 3-2, the inlet end of an ash discharging pipe 12 extends into the air chamber 3-6 to be communicated with the bottom of the material returning valve 3-2, the outlet end of the ash discharging pipe 12 is connected with an ash cooling machine 14, an ash discharging regulating valve 13 is arranged on the ash discharging pipe 12, the ash cooling machine 14 is connected with an ash removing machine 15, the material returning leg 3-3 is communicated with the rear lower part of the hearth 1, a plurality of observation holes 3-4 are vertically arranged on the vertical material returning device 3-1, a limestone desulfurization interface 3-7 is arranged on the material returning leg 3-3;
a central cylinder 2-1 of a separator 2 comprises a fixed cylinder 2-1-1 and a movable cylinder 2-1-2, the fixed cylinder 2-1-1 is arranged at the top of a vertical section 2-3 of the separator 2, the fixed cylinder 2-1-1 is connected with a tail flue 4, a plurality of groups of through holes are arranged on the wall surface of the movable cylinder 2-1-2 along the length direction, a group of through holes are arranged on the wall surface of the fixed cylinder 2-1-1, the movable cylinder 2-1-2 is fixed in the fixed cylinder 2-1-1 through a pin shaft penetrating through the group of through holes and any group of through holes to realize position adjustment, the length of the central cylinder 2-1 is variable, a plurality of SNCR denitration interfaces 2-6 are uniformly arranged on the side part of an inlet and outlet speed adjusting section 2-2, the inlet and outlet speed adjusting section 2-2 of the separator 2 is arranged on the side surface of the vertical section 2-3, the conical section 2-4 of the separator 2 is arranged at the lower part of the vertical section 2-3, the inlet and outlet speed regulation section 2-2 is connected with the rear outlet at the upper part of the hearth 1, and the conical section 2-4 is connected with the vertical pipe 3-1;
the slag discharging pipe 6 and the ash discharging pipe 9 are respectively installed at two ends of the bottom of the hearth 1 in the length direction, the slag discharging regulating valve 7 is installed on the slag discharging pipe 6, the slag discharging pipe 6 is connected with the slag cooler 8, the ash discharging regulating valve 10 is installed on the ash discharging pipe 9, the ash discharging pipe 9 is connected with the cold slag extractor 11, and the slag cooler 8 and the cold slag extractor 11 are respectively connected with the slag remover 15. The blast caps 3-5 can be selected from the prior art patent documents: CN 205299504U.
As shown in fig. 6, the number of the observation holes 3-4 is three, three observation holes 3-4 are vertically arranged in a straight line, and the distance H1 between two adjacent observation holes is 0.5 m. Further, the height H of the returned ash in the vertical material pipe 3-1 is within the visible range of 2-3m, H is 2m when the top of the returned ash is positioned at the position of the observation hole 3-4 at the lower part, and H is 3m when the top of the returned ash is positioned at the position of the observation hole 3-4 at the upper part. In the embodiment, the amount of the returned ash is controlled in a wide range, SO that the height H of the returned ash in the vertical material pipe is ensured to be more than or equal to 2.5m, the collapsed ash and the smoke gas return and coking are prevented, the temperature in the hearth is controlled within the range of 800-900 ℃, the temperature is more suitable for the desulfurization of limestone in the hearth, the amount-controllable material returning device in the wide range provides a suitable temperature range and sufficient reaction time, the utilization rate of the limestone is increased, the desulfurization efficiency in the hearth is improved, and SO is realized2And (4) ultralow pollutant emission. In the embodiment, the height of the returned ash in the vertical material pipe is ensured by controlling the amount of the returned ash in a wide range, and the temperature in the hearth is controlled within the range of 800-XGenerating, realizing low-nitrogen combustion and NO in the hearthXAnd (4) ultralow pollutant emission.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the thickness of the concrete layer 2-5 in the height direction of the inlet and outlet speed regulation section 2-2 is adjustable. The thickness of the concrete layer 2-5 of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2 in the height direction is increased or decreased simultaneously. The height of an inlet and an outlet of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section is changed to regulate the flow speed of flue gas, regulate the efficiency of the separator, control the separated ash amount, achieve the designed bed temperature of the hearth, realize complete fuel combustion and ensure the energy-saving operation of the boiler.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 7, when the thickness of the concrete layer 2-5 at the outlet of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2 in the width direction changes, the width of the outlet changes in a range of B1-B2. By adjusting the thickness change of the concrete layer 2-5 in the width direction at the outlet of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2, the change range of the included angle between the inner side surface of the outlet of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2 and the horizontal line vertical to the axis of the vertical section 2-3 is beta 2-beta 1, and the change range of the outlet width of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2 is B1-B2. The width of an outlet of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section is changed to regulate the flowing speed of the flue gas, the separation efficiency of the separator structure is regulated, the ash separation amount is controlled, furnace shutdown caused by unstable combustion flameout or coking is avoided, and the safe operation of the boiler is ensured.
Fig. 8 and 9 are explanatory views of application of the present invention to a low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler main body as well as the furnace 1 and the return feeder 3 can be adopted by the prior art patent document CN 207146381U.
NH is contained through an SNCR denitration interface 2-6 arranged on the side part of the inlet and outlet speed regulation section 2-2XThe reducing agent urea solution or ammonia water is sprayed into the speed regulating section and then is thermally decomposed into NH3Enters a separator together with the soot, NH3With NO in the sootXCarrying out SNCR gas phase reaction to remove NO in smokeXAnd generates N2And HO2And denitration in the furnace is realized. The smoke dust entering the separator through the hearth 1 makes the main component CaCO of the limestone3Continuously heated and reacted to generate CaO and CO2SO produced by combustion of fuel2Diffusing to the surface and inner holes of CaO, and absorbing SO in smoke dust by CaO in the presence of oxygen2And generates CaSO4And the in-furnace desulfurization is realized. Limestone is integrated through limestone desulfurization interfaces 3-7 on the material returning device 3 and then fed into the limestone to realize limestone desulfurization in the furnace; by installing the SNCR denitration interface 2-6 on the separator, the SNCR denitration in the furnace can be realized at low cost, and NO is actively controlledXGeneration of and NOX、SO2In-furnace stripping to realize NOX、SO2And (4) ultralow pollutant emission.
The quality of bed materials of the boiler is improved, the stock of the bed materials is reduced, the reconstruction of the flow state is realized, and the temperature field of the hearth is more reasonable and uniform. The boiler can run safely and stably, energy-saving and environment-friendly for a long time, the load adjusting range of the boiler is wide, the fuel adaptability is enhanced, and a separation return regulation and control system is formed. Separation and return regulation integration by using the inventionThe system realizes the adjustability of the ash separating amount, the ash returning amount and hearth bed materials when the boiler is in low load or fuel sudden change by independently controlling the ash separating amount, the ash discharging slag and the ash discharging, or jointly controlling the ash separating amount, the ash discharging slag and the ash discharging, so that the temperature field in the hearth is reasonable and uniform, the stable temperature is controlled within the range of 800 plus one material to 900 ℃, the phenomena of furnace shutdown caused by unstable combustion and flameout or coking, environment-friendly discharge failure caused by poor low-nitrogen combustion environment in the furnace and low desulfurization efficiency, boiler efficiency reduction caused by incomplete combustion of fuel and the like are avoided, the boiler can be safely, stably and efficiently operated for a long time, NO and the system has the advantages of NOXAnd SO2And (4) ultralow emission.
The specific method for integrating the regulation system is as follows:
the first integration method of the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
Closing an ash discharge regulating valve 13 on an ash discharge pipe 12, enabling fuel to enter the lower part of a hearth 1 through a feeding device 5, and rapidly burning the fuel after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, carrying a large amount of materials generated in the burning process to the upper part of the hearth 1 by flue gas, enabling the flue gas to carry fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2 of a separator 2 from a rear outlet of the upper part of the hearth 1, and then enabling the fine ash to enter a vertical section 2-3 of the separator 2 to surround a central cylinder 2-1 to separate the flue gas from the fine ash;
changing the length of a movable cylinder 2-1-2 of a central cylinder 2-1, adjusting the separation of flue gas and fine ash, reducing or increasing the amount of separated ash, stabilizing the temperature of the returned ash returned to a hearth 1 to be between 800-900 ℃, enabling the separated ash to enter a return feeder 3 through a cone 2-4 of a separator 2, enabling the separated ash to enter a return valve 3-2 through a vertical material leg 3-1 of the return feeder 3, returning part of the returned ash to the lower part of the hearth 1 through the return material leg 3-3, heating the fuel entering the bottom of the hearth 1 through a feeding device 5, continuously fluidizing and circularly combusting, and discharging the separated flue gas out of the furnace after entering a tail flue 4 through the central cylinder 2-1 for heat exchange;
second, ash and slag discharge
Closing the ash discharging regulating valve 10 on the ash discharging pipe 9 arranged at the corresponding position of the material returning leg 3-3, regulating the opening degree of the ash discharging regulating valve 7 on the ash discharging pipe 6, discharging large-particle slag formed after fuel at the lower part of the hearth 1 is combusted, improving the quality of formed bed materials, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by the slag cooler 8, discharging to the slag remover 15, and conveying to the slag bin.
The load of the boiler is reduced, usually the load of the boiler is below 50%, in order to ensure stable combustion and continuous operation under variable working conditions. The efficiency of the separator is adjusted by changing the length of the central cylinder 2-1, the amount of separated ash is reduced, the returned ash returned to the hearth makes the temperature field of the hearth more reasonable, and the temperature in the hearth 1 is stabilized between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃; NH is contained through an SNCR denitration interface 2-6XThe reducing agent urea solution or ammonia water is sprayed into the speed regulating section and then is thermally decomposed into NH3Enters a separator together with the soot, NH3With NO in the sootXCarrying out SNCR gas phase reaction to remove NO in smokeXAnd generates N2And HO2And denitration in the furnace is realized. The smoke dust entering the separator through the hearth 1 makes the main component CaCO of the limestone3Continuously heated and reacted to generate CaO and CO2SO produced by combustion of fuel2Diffusing to the surface and inner holes of CaO, and absorbing SO in smoke dust by CaO in the presence of oxygen2And generates CaSO4And the in-furnace desulfurization is realized. Limestone is integrated through limestone desulfurization interfaces 3-7 on the material returning device 3 and then fed into the limestone to realize limestone desulfurization in the furnace; by integrating SNCR denitration interfaces 2-6 arranged on the separator 2, the low-cost SNCR denitration in the furnace can be realized, and NO is actively controlledXGeneration of and NOX、SO2In-furnace stripping to realize NOX、SO2And (4) ultralow pollutant emission.
The second integration method of the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
Closing an ash discharge regulating valve 13 on an ash discharge pipe 12, enabling fuel to enter the lower part of a hearth 1 through a feeding device 5, and rapidly burning the fuel after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, carrying a large amount of materials generated in the burning process to the upper part of the hearth 1 by flue gas, enabling the flue gas to carry fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2 of a separator 2 from a rear outlet of the upper part of the hearth 1, and then enabling the fine ash to enter a vertical section 2-3 of the separator 2 to surround a central cylinder 2-1 to separate the flue gas from the fine ash;
separated ash enters a material returning device 3 through a cone 2-4 of a separator 2, the separated ash enters a material returning valve 3-2 through a vertical material leg 3-1 of the material returning device 3, part of the returned ash returns to the lower part of a hearth 1 through the material returning leg 3-3, fuel entering the bottom of the hearth 1 through a feeding device 5 is heated, the fuel is continuously fluidized and circularly combusted, and separated flue gas enters a tail flue 4 through a fixed cylinder 2-1-1 of a central cylinder 2-1 to be discharged out of the furnace after heat exchange;
second, ash and slag discharge
Adjusting the opening of a slag discharge adjusting valve 7 on a slag discharge pipe 6, discharging large-particle slag formed after fuel at the lower part of a hearth 1 is combusted, improving the quality of bed materials, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler 8, discharging the cooled high-temperature large-particle slag to an ash remover 15, and conveying the slag to a slag bin; and adjusting the opening degree of an ash discharge regulating valve 10 arranged on an ash discharge pipe 9 at the position of the corresponding material return leg 3-3, discharging most of the return ash and a small amount of slag, reducing the stock of formed bed materials, stabilizing the temperature in the hearth 1 to be between 800-900 ℃, cooling the high-temperature ash through an ash cooling machine 11, discharging to an ash removing machine 15, and conveying to a slag bin.
The load of the boiler is reduced, usually the load of the boiler is below 50%, in order to ensure stable combustion and continuous operation under variable working conditions. The amount of return ash can be reduced to improve the temperature in the hearth, most of the return ash and a small amount of slag returned to the hearth are discharged by adjusting the opening of the ash discharge regulating valve 10, the stock of formed bed materials is reduced, the temperature field of the hearth is more reasonable, and the temperature in the hearth 1 is stabilized between 850 ℃ and 900 ℃; NH is contained through an SNCR denitration interface 2-6XThe reducing agent urea solution or ammonia water is sprayed into the speed regulating section and then is thermally decomposed into NH3Enters a separator together with the soot, NH3With NO in the sootXCarrying out SNCR gas phase reaction to remove NO in smokeXAnd generates N2And HO2And denitration in the furnace is realized. Through the furnace 1 into the separatorThe main component CaCO of limestone is generated by smoke dust3Continuously heated and reacted to generate CaO and CO2SO produced by combustion of fuel2Diffusing to the surface and inner holes of CaO, and absorbing SO in smoke dust by CaO in the presence of oxygen2And generates CaSO4And the in-furnace desulfurization is realized. Limestone is integrated through limestone desulfurization interfaces 3-7 on the material returning device 3 and then fed into the limestone to realize limestone desulfurization in the furnace; by integrating SNCR denitration interfaces 2-6 arranged on the separator 2, the low-cost SNCR denitration in the furnace can be realized, and NO is actively controlledXGeneration of and NOX、SO2In-furnace stripping to realize NOX、SO2And (4) ultralow pollutant emission.
The third integration method of the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
The fuel enters the lower part of the hearth 1 through the feeding device 5, is rapidly combusted after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, a large amount of materials generated in the combustion process are carried to the upper part of the hearth 1 by flue gas, the flue gas carries fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulation section 2-2 of the separator 2 from a rear outlet at the upper part of the hearth 1, and then enters a vertical section 2-3 of the separator 2 to surround the central cylinder 2-1 to separate the flue gas from the fine ash;
the separated ash enters a return feeder 3 through a cone 2-4 of a separator 2, the separated ash enters a return valve 3-2 through a vertical leg 3-1 of the return feeder 3, part of the return ash returns to the lower part of a hearth 1 through the return leg 3-3, fuel entering the bottom of the hearth 1 through a feeding device 5 is heated, the fuel is continuously fluidized and circularly combusted, the separated flue gas enters a tail flue 4 through a central cylinder 2-1 for heat exchange and then is discharged out of the furnace, the opening of an ash discharge regulating valve 13 on an ash discharge pipe 12 is regulated, part of the return ash is discharged, the amount of the return ash returning to the hearth 1 is controlled, and the temperature in the hearth 1 is stabilized between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃;
second, ash and slag discharge
Closing the ash discharging regulating valve 10 on the ash discharging pipe 9 arranged at the corresponding position of the material returning leg 3-3, regulating the opening degree of the ash discharging regulating valve 7 on the ash discharging pipe 6, discharging large-particle slag formed after combustion of fuel at the lower part of the hearth 1, improving the quality of formed bed materials, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler 8, discharging the cooled high-temperature large-particle slag to an ash removing machine 15, conveying the high-temperature large-particle slag to a slag bin, cooling the high-temperature ash by an ash cooler 14, discharging the cooled high-temperature ash to the ash removing machine 15, and conveying the.
The load of the boiler is reduced, usually the load of the boiler is below 50%, in order to ensure stable combustion and continuous operation under variable working conditions and reduce the amount of returned ash to improve the temperature in the hearth, the returned ash in the return valve 3-2 is discharged by adjusting the opening of the ash discharge regulating valve 13, the stock of formed bed materials is reduced, the temperature field of the hearth is more reasonable, and the temperature in the hearth is stabilized between 800 and 900 ℃; NH is contained through an SNCR denitration interface 2-6XThe reducing agent urea solution or ammonia water is sprayed into the speed regulating section and then is thermally decomposed into NH3Enters a separator together with the soot, NH3With NO in the sootXCarrying out SNCR gas phase reaction to remove NO in smokeXAnd generates N2And HO2And denitration in the furnace is realized. The smoke dust entering the separator through the hearth 1 makes the main component CaCO of the limestone3Continuously heated and reacted to generate CaO and CO2SO produced by combustion of fuel2Diffusing to the surface and inner holes of CaO, and absorbing SO in smoke dust by CaO in the presence of oxygen2And generates CaSO4And the in-furnace desulfurization is realized. Limestone is integrated through limestone desulfurization interfaces 3-7 on the material returning device 3 and then fed into the limestone to realize limestone desulfurization in the furnace; by integrating SNCR denitration interfaces 2-6 arranged on the separator 2, the low-cost SNCR denitration in the furnace can be realized, and NO is actively controlledXGeneration of and NOX、SO2In-furnace stripping to realize NOX、SO2And (4) ultralow pollutant emission.
The fourth method for integrating the separation and return regulation and control system of the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
Closing an ash discharge regulating valve 13 on an ash discharge pipe 12, enabling fuel to enter the lower part of a hearth 1 through a feeding device 5, and rapidly burning the fuel after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, carrying a large amount of materials generated in the burning process to the upper part of the hearth 1 by flue gas, enabling the flue gas to carry fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2 of a separator 2 from a rear outlet of the upper part of the hearth 1, and then enabling the fine ash to enter a vertical section 2-3 of the separator 2 to surround a central cylinder 2-1 to separate the flue gas from the fine ash;
changing the length of a movable cylinder 2-1-2 of a central cylinder 2-1, adjusting the separation of flue gas and fine ash, reducing or increasing the amount of separated ash, stabilizing the temperature of the returned ash returned to a hearth 1 to be between 800-900 ℃, enabling the separated ash to enter a return feeder 3 through a cone 2-4 of a separator 2, enabling the separated ash to enter a return valve 3-2 through a vertical material leg 3-1 of the return feeder 3, returning part of the returned ash to the lower part of the hearth 1 through the return material leg 3-3, heating the fuel entering the bottom of the hearth 1 through a feeding device 5, continuously fluidizing and circularly combusting, and discharging the separated flue gas out of the furnace after entering a tail flue 4 through the central cylinder 2-1 for heat exchange;
second, ash and slag discharge
Adjusting the opening of a slag discharge adjusting valve 7 on a slag discharge pipe 6, discharging large-particle slag formed after fuel at the lower part of a hearth 1 is combusted, improving the quality of formed bed materials, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler 8, discharging the cooled high-temperature large-particle slag to an ash remover 15, and conveying the slag to a slag bin;
and adjusting the opening degree of an ash discharge regulating valve 10 arranged on an ash discharge pipe 9 at the position of the corresponding material return leg 3-3, discharging most of the return ash and a small amount of slag, reducing the stock of formed bed materials, stabilizing the temperature in the hearth 1 to be between 800-900 ℃, cooling the high-temperature ash through an ash cooling machine 11, discharging to an ash removing machine 15, and conveying to a slag bin.
The load of the boiler is reduced, usually the load of the boiler is below 50%, in order to guarantee stable combustion and continuous operation under variable working conditions, the efficiency of the separator is adjusted by changing the length of the central cylinder 2-1, the ash separating amount is reduced or increased, the return ash returning to the hearth is enabled to make the hearth temperature field more reasonable, meanwhile, the return ash amount is reduced to improve the temperature in the hearth, most of the return ash returning to the hearth and a small amount of slag are discharged by adjusting the opening of the ash discharging adjusting valve 10, the stock of bed materials is reduced, the hearth temperature field is enabled to be more reasonable, and the temperature in the hearth is stabilized by jointly adjusting and controlling the length of the central cylinder 2-1 and the ash discharging amount integration measureThe temperature is between 850 ℃ and 900 ℃; NH is contained through an SNCR denitration interface 2-6XThe reducing agent urea solution or ammonia water is sprayed into the speed regulating section and then is thermally decomposed into NH3Enters a separator together with the soot, NH3With NO in the sootXCarrying out SNCR gas phase reaction to remove NO in smokeXAnd generates N2And HO2And denitration in the furnace is realized. The smoke dust entering the separator through the hearth 1 makes the main component CaCO of the limestone3Continuously heated and reacted to generate CaO and CO2SO produced by combustion of fuel2Diffusing to the surface and inner holes of CaO, and absorbing SO in smoke dust by CaO in the presence of oxygen2And generates CaSO4And the in-furnace desulfurization is realized. Limestone is integrated through limestone desulfurization interfaces 3-7 on the material returning device 3 and then fed into the limestone to realize limestone desulfurization in the furnace; by integrating SNCR denitration interfaces 2-6 arranged on the separator 2, the low-cost SNCR denitration in the furnace can be realized, and NO is actively controlledXGeneration of and NOX、SO2In-furnace stripping to realize NOX、SO2And (4) ultralow pollutant emission.
The fifth low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler separation return regulation and control system and the integration method thereof comprise the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
The fuel enters the lower part of the hearth 1 through the feeding device 5, is rapidly combusted after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, a large amount of materials generated in the combustion process are carried to the upper part of the hearth 1 by flue gas, the flue gas carries fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulation section 2-2 of the separator 2 from a rear outlet at the upper part of the hearth 1, and then enters a vertical section 2-3 of the separator 2 to surround the central cylinder 2-1 to separate the flue gas from the fine ash; the separated ash enters a return feeder 3 through a cone 2-4 of a separator 2, the separated ash enters a return valve 3-2 through a vertical leg 3-1 of the return feeder 3, part of the return ash returns to the lower part of a hearth 1 through the return leg 3-3, fuel entering the bottom of the hearth 1 through a feeding device 5 is heated, the fuel is continuously fluidized and circularly combusted, the separated flue gas enters a tail flue 4 through a central cylinder 2-1 for heat exchange and then is discharged out of the furnace, the opening of an ash discharge regulating valve 13 on an ash discharge pipe 12 is regulated, part of the return ash is discharged, the amount of the return ash returning to the hearth 1 is controlled, and the temperature in the hearth 1 is stabilized between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃;
second, ash and slag discharge
Adjusting the opening of a slag discharge adjusting valve 7 on a slag discharge pipe 6, discharging large-particle slag formed after fuel at the lower part of a hearth 1 is combusted, improving the quality of formed bed materials, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler 8, discharging the cooled high-temperature large-particle slag to an ash remover 15, and conveying the slag to a slag bin;
the opening degree of an ash discharging slag regulating valve 10 arranged on an ash discharging slag pipe 9 at the position of the corresponding material returning leg 3-3 is regulated, most of the returning ash and a small amount of slag are discharged, the stock of the formed bed material is reduced, the temperature in the hearth 1 is stabilized to be between 800 and 900 ℃, the high-temperature ash is cooled by an ash cooling slag machine 11, then discharged to an ash removing slag machine 15 and conveyed to a slag bin, and the high-temperature ash is cooled by an ash cooling machine 14, discharged to the ash removing slag machine 15 and conveyed to the slag bin.
The load of the boiler is reduced, usually the load of the boiler is below 50%, and in order to ensure stable combustion and continuous operation under variable working conditions, the amount of returned ash can be reduced to improve the temperature in the hearth. Most of the return ash and a small amount of slag returned to the hearth are discharged by adjusting the opening of the ash discharge regulating valve 10, so that the stock of bed materials is reduced, the temperature field of the hearth is more reasonable, meanwhile, the amount of the return ash is reduced to improve the temperature in the hearth, the return ash in the return valve 3-2 is discharged by adjusting the opening of the ash discharge regulating valve 13, the stock of the bed materials is reduced, the temperature field of the hearth is more reasonable, and the temperature in the hearth is stabilized between 800 plus materials and 900 ℃ by integrated measures of jointly regulating and controlling the amount of the ash discharge slag and the amount of the ash discharge; NH is contained through an SNCR denitration interface 2-6XThe reducing agent urea solution or ammonia water is sprayed into the speed regulating section and then is thermally decomposed into NH3Enters a separator together with the soot, NH3With NO in the sootXCarrying out SNCR gas phase reaction to remove NO in smokeXAnd generates N2And HO2And denitration in the furnace is realized. The smoke dust entering the separator through the hearth 1 makes the main component CaCO of the limestone3Continuously heated and reacted to generate CaO and CO2SO produced by combustion of fuel2Diffusing to the surface and inner pores of CaO, in the presence of oxygen, CaOAbsorbing SO in smoke2And generates CaSO4And the in-furnace desulfurization is realized. Limestone is integrated through limestone desulfurization interfaces 3-7 on the material returning device 3 and then fed into the limestone to realize limestone desulfurization in the furnace; by integrating SNCR denitration interfaces 2-6 arranged on the separator 2, the low-cost SNCR denitration in the furnace can be realized, and NO is actively controlledXGeneration of and NOX、SO2In-furnace stripping to realize NOX、SO2And (4) ultralow pollutant emission.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made by the technical essence of the present invention by those skilled in the art can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system comprises a hearth (1), a separator (2) and a material returning device (3); the method is characterized in that: the separation and return regulation and control integrated system further comprises a slag discharge pipe (6), a slag discharge regulating valve (7), a slag cooler (8), an ash discharge pipe (9), an ash discharge regulating valve (10), an ash cooling machine (11), an ash discharge pipe (12), an ash discharge regulating valve (13), an ash cooling machine (14) and an ash removal machine (15);
the vertical material pipe (3-1) of the material returning device (3) is arranged at the upper part of a material returning valve (3-2) of the material returning device (3), a material returning leg (3-3) of the material returning device (3) is arranged at the side surface of the material returning valve (3-2), a hood (3-5) of the material returning device (3) is arranged at the bottom of the material returning valve (3-2), an air chamber (3-6) of the material returning device (3) is arranged at the lower part of the material returning valve (3-2), the inlet end of an ash discharging pipe (12) extends into the air chamber (3-6) and is communicated with the bottom of the material returning valve (3-2), the outlet end of the ash discharging pipe (12) is connected with an ash cooling machine (14), an ash discharging regulating valve (13) is arranged on the ash discharging pipe (12), the ash cooling machine (14) is connected with an ash removing machine (15), the material returning leg (3-3) is communicated with the rear lower part of a hearth (1), a plurality of observation holes (3-4) are vertically arranged on a vertical material pipe (3-1) of the material returning device (3), and a limestone desulfurization interface (3-7) is arranged on the material returning leg (3-3);
a central cylinder (2-1) of a separator (2) comprises a fixed cylinder (2-1-1) and a movable cylinder (2-1-2), the fixed cylinder (2-1-1) is installed at the top of a vertical section (2-3) of the separator (2), the fixed cylinder (2-1-1) is connected with a tail flue (4), a plurality of groups of through holes are formed in the wall surface of the movable cylinder (2-1-2) along the length direction, a through group of through holes are formed in the wall surface of the fixed cylinder (2-1-1), the movable cylinder (2-1-2) is fixed in the fixed cylinder (2-1-1) through a pin shaft penetrating through the group of through holes and any group of through holes to achieve position adjustment, the length of the central cylinder (2-1) is variable, an inlet and outlet speed adjusting section (2-2) of the separator (2) is installed on the side surface of the vertical section (2-3) of the separator (2), a plurality of SNCR denitration interfaces (2-6) are uniformly distributed on the side part of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2), a conical section (2-4) of the separator (2) is arranged on the lower part of the vertical section (2-3), the inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2) is connected with a rear outlet on the upper part of the hearth (1), and the conical section (2-4) is connected with the vertical material pipe (3-1);
slag discharging pipes (6) and ash discharging pipes (9) are respectively installed at two ends of the bottom of a hearth (1) in the length direction, slag discharging regulating valves (7) are installed on the slag discharging pipes (6), the slag discharging pipes (6) are connected with a slag cooler (8), ash discharging regulating valves (10) are installed on the ash discharging pipes (9), the ash discharging pipes (9) are connected with a slag cooler (11), and the slag cooler (8) and the slag cooler (11) are respectively connected with a slag remover (15).
2. The separation and return regulation and control system for the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the observation holes (3-4) is three, the three observation holes (3-4) are vertically arranged in a straight line, and the distance H1 between every two adjacent observation holes is 0.5 m.
3. The separation and return regulation and control system for the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that: the height H of the returned ash in the vertical material pipe (3-1) can be seen within the range of 2-3m, when the top of the returned ash is positioned at the position of the observation hole (3-4) at the lower part, H is 2m, and when the top of the returned ash is positioned at the position of the observation hole (3-4) at the upper part, H is 3 m.
4. The separation and return regulation and control system for the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the thickness of the concrete layer (2-5) of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2) in the height direction is adjustable.
5. The separation and return regulation and control system for the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the outlet of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2) is positioned at the position of the outlet of the concrete layer (2-5) in the width direction and the thickness of the concrete layer is changed, the width change range of the outlet is B1-B2.
6. The integrated method of the separated material returning regulation and control system of the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
Closing an ash discharge regulating valve (13) on an ash discharge pipe (12), enabling fuel to enter the lower part of a hearth (1) through a feeding device (5), enabling the fuel to be rapidly combusted after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, carrying a large amount of materials generated in the combustion process to the upper part of the hearth (1) by flue gas, enabling the flue gas to carry fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2) of a separator (2) from a rear outlet at the upper part of the hearth (1), and then enabling the fine ash to enter a vertical section (2-3) of the separator (2) to surround a central cylinder (2-1) to separate the flue gas from the fine ash;
changing the length of a movable cylinder (2-1-2) of a central cylinder (2-1), adjusting the separation of flue gas and fine ash, reducing or increasing the amount of separated ash, stabilizing the temperature of the returned ash returned to a hearth (1) to be between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃, feeding the separated ash into a return feeder (3) through a cone (2-4) of the separator (2), feeding the separated ash into a return valve (3-2) through a vertical leg (3-1) of the return feeder (3), returning part of the returned ash to the lower part of the hearth (1) through a return leg (3-3), heating fuel fed into the bottom of the hearth (1) through a feeding device (5), continuously fluidizing and circularly combusting, and feeding the separated flue gas into a tail flue (4) through the central cylinder (2-1) for heat exchange and then discharging the flue gas out of the furnace;
second, ash and slag discharge
And closing the ash discharge regulating valve (10) arranged on the ash discharge pipe (9) at the corresponding position of the material return leg (3-3), regulating the opening degree of the ash discharge regulating valve (7) on the ash discharge pipe (6), discharging large-particle slag formed after fuel at the lower part of the hearth (1) is combusted, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by the slag cooler (8), discharging to the ash remover (15), and conveying to the slag bin.
7. The integrated method of the separated material returning regulation and control system of the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
Closing an ash discharge regulating valve (13) on an ash discharge pipe (12), enabling fuel to enter the lower part of a hearth (1) through a feeding device (5), enabling the fuel to be rapidly combusted after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, carrying a large amount of materials generated in the combustion process to the upper part of the hearth (1) by flue gas, enabling the flue gas to carry fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2) of a separator (2) from a rear outlet at the upper part of the hearth (1), and then enabling the fine ash to enter a vertical section (2-3) of the separator (2) to surround a central cylinder (2-1) to separate the flue gas from the fine ash;
separated ash enters a material returning device (3) through a cone (2-4) of a separator (2), the separated ash enters a material returning valve (3-2) through a vertical leg (3-1) of the material returning device (3), part of the returned ash returns to the lower part of a hearth (1) through the material returning leg (3-3), fuel entering the bottom of the hearth (1) through a feeding device (5) is heated, the fuel is continuously fluidized and circularly combusted, and separated flue gas enters a tail flue (4) through a central cylinder (2-1) to exchange heat and then is discharged out of the furnace;
second, ash and slag discharge
Adjusting the opening of a slag discharge adjusting valve (7) on a slag discharge pipe (6), discharging large-particle slag formed after fuel at the lower part of a hearth (1) is combusted, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler (8), discharging to an ash removal machine (15), and conveying to a slag bin; the opening degree of an ash discharge regulating valve (10) arranged on an ash discharge pipe (9) at the position of the corresponding return leg (3-3) is regulated, most return ash and a small amount of slag are discharged, the stock of formed bed materials is reduced, the temperature in the hearth (1) is stabilized to be between 800 and 900 ℃, and high-temperature ash and slag are cooled by a cold ash slag machine (11), discharged to an ash slag remover (15) and conveyed to a slag bin.
8. The integrated method of the separated material returning regulation and control system of the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
The fuel enters the lower part of a hearth (1) through a feeding device (5), is rapidly combusted after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, a large amount of materials generated in the combustion process are carried to the upper part of the hearth (1) by flue gas, the flue gas carries fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2) of a separator (2) from a rear outlet at the upper part of the hearth (1), and then enters a vertical section (2-3) of the separator (2) to surround a central cylinder (2-1) to separate the flue gas from the fine ash;
separated ash enters a material returning device (3) through a cone (2-4) of a separator (2), the separated ash enters a material returning valve (3-2) through a vertical leg (3-1) of the material returning device (3), part of the returned ash returns to the lower part of a hearth (1) through the material returning leg (3-3), fuel entering the bottom of the hearth (1) through a feeding device (5) is heated, the fuel is continuously fluidized and circularly combusted, separated flue gas enters a tail flue (4) through a central cylinder (2-1) to be discharged out of a furnace after heat exchange, the opening degree of an ash discharge adjusting valve (13) on an ash discharge pipe (12) is adjusted, part of the returned ash is discharged, the amount of the returned ash returning to the hearth (1) is controlled, and the temperature in the hearth (1) is stabilized between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃;
second, ash and slag discharge
Closing a ash discharge regulating valve (10) arranged on an ash discharge pipe (9) at the position of the corresponding material return leg (3-3), regulating the opening degree of an ash discharge regulating valve (7) on the ash discharge pipe (6), discharging large-particle slag formed after combustion of fuel at the lower part of the hearth (1), cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler (8), discharging the high-temperature large-particle slag to an ash removal machine (15), conveying the high-temperature large-particle slag to a slag bin, cooling the high-temperature ash by an ash cooler (14), discharging the high-temperature ash to the ash removal machine (15), and conveying the high-temperature ash to the slag.
9. The integrated method of the separated material returning regulation and control system of the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
Closing an ash discharge regulating valve (13) on an ash discharge pipe (12), enabling fuel to enter the lower part of a hearth (1) through a feeding device (5), enabling the fuel to be rapidly combusted after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, carrying a large amount of materials generated in the combustion process to the upper part of the hearth (1) by flue gas, enabling the flue gas to carry fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2) of a separator (2) from a rear outlet at the upper part of the hearth (1), and then enabling the fine ash to enter a vertical section (2-3) of the separator (2) to surround a central cylinder (2-1) to separate the flue gas from the fine ash;
changing the length of a movable cylinder (2-1-2) of a central cylinder (2-1), adjusting the separation of flue gas and fine ash, reducing or increasing the amount of separated ash, stabilizing the temperature of the returned ash returned to a hearth (1) to be between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃, feeding the separated ash into a return feeder (3) through a cone (2-4) of the separator (2), feeding the separated ash into a return valve (3-2) through a vertical leg (3-1) of the return feeder (3), returning part of the returned ash to the lower part of the hearth (1) through a return leg (3-3), heating fuel fed into the bottom of the hearth (1) through a feeding device (5), continuously fluidizing and circularly combusting, and feeding the separated flue gas into a tail flue (4) through the central cylinder (2-1) for heat exchange and then discharging the flue gas out of the furnace;
second, ash and slag discharge
Adjusting the opening of a slag discharge adjusting valve (7) on a slag discharge pipe (6), discharging large-particle slag formed after fuel at the lower part of a hearth (1) is combusted, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler (8), discharging to an ash removal machine (15), and conveying to a slag bin;
the opening degree of an ash discharge regulating valve (10) arranged on an ash discharge pipe (9) at the position of the corresponding return leg (3-3) is regulated, most return ash and a small amount of slag are discharged, the stock of formed bed materials is reduced, the temperature in the hearth (1) is stabilized to be between 800 and 900 ℃, and high-temperature ash and slag are cooled by a cold ash slag machine (11), discharged to an ash slag remover (15) and conveyed to a slag bin.
10. The integrated method of the separated material returning regulation and control system of the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
one, fuel combustion, flue gas and ash separation with reduced boiler load or reduced fuel calorific value
The fuel enters the lower part of a hearth (1) through a feeding device (5), is rapidly combusted after being heated by fluidized high-temperature bed materials, a large amount of materials generated in the combustion process are carried to the upper part of the hearth (1) by flue gas, the flue gas carries fine ash to enter an inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2) of a separator (2) from a rear outlet at the upper part of the hearth (1), and then enters a vertical section (2-3) of the separator (2) to surround a central cylinder (2-1) to separate the flue gas from the fine ash;
separated ash enters a material returning device (3) through a cone (2-4) of a separator (2), the separated ash enters a material returning valve (3-2) through a vertical leg (3-1) of the material returning device (3), part of the returned ash returns to the lower part of a hearth (1) through the material returning leg (3-3), fuel entering the bottom of the hearth (1) through a feeding device (5) is heated, the fuel is continuously fluidized and circularly combusted, separated flue gas enters a tail flue (4) through a central cylinder (2-1) to be discharged out of a furnace after heat exchange, the opening degree of an ash discharge adjusting valve (13) on an ash discharge pipe (12) is adjusted, part of the returned ash is discharged, the amount of the returned ash returning to the hearth (1) is controlled, and the temperature in the hearth (1) is stabilized between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃;
second, ash and slag discharge
Adjusting the opening of a slag discharge adjusting valve (7) on a slag discharge pipe (6), discharging large-particle slag formed after fuel at the lower part of a hearth (1) is combusted, cooling the high-temperature large-particle slag by a slag cooler (8), discharging to an ash removal machine (15), and conveying to a slag bin;
the opening degree of an ash discharge slag regulating valve (10) arranged on an ash discharge slag pipe (9) at the position of the corresponding return leg (3-3) is regulated, most return ash and a small amount of slag are discharged, the stock of bed materials is reduced, the temperature in the hearth (1) is stabilized to be between 800 and 900 ℃, high-temperature ash slag is cooled by an ash cooling machine (11), then discharged to an ash removing machine (15) and conveyed to a slag bin, and the high-temperature ash is cooled by an ash cooling machine (14), then discharged to the ash removing machine (15) and conveyed to the slag bin.
CN202010432812.9A 2020-05-20 2020-05-20 Low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation return regulation and control system and integration method Pending CN111536507A (en)

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