CN111536189A - 一种油气、扩径复合式耐坠毁缓冲器 - Google Patents

一种油气、扩径复合式耐坠毁缓冲器 Download PDF

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CN111536189A
CN111536189A CN202010322847.7A CN202010322847A CN111536189A CN 111536189 A CN111536189 A CN 111536189A CN 202010322847 A CN202010322847 A CN 202010322847A CN 111536189 A CN111536189 A CN 111536189A
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expansion cylinder
oil
metal expansion
buffer
diameter
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魏小辉
谢欣宏
房兴波
张兢
聂宏
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/003Dampers characterised by having pressure absorbing means other than gas, e.g. sponge rubber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/58Arrangements or adaptations of shock-absorbers or springs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/06Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid
    • F16F9/063Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid comprising a hollow piston rod
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/06Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid
    • F16F9/066Units characterised by the partition, baffle or like element
    • F16F9/067Partitions of the piston type, e.g. sliding pistons
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    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/3207Constructional features
    • F16F9/3221Constructional features of piston rods
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    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/3207Constructional features
    • F16F9/3235Constructional features of cylinders
    • F16F9/3242Constructional features of cylinders of cylinder ends, e.g. caps
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    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/34Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/3405Throttling passages in or on piston body, e.g. slots
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    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/44Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
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    • F16F9/54Arrangements for attachment
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    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
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    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
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    • F16F2224/00Materials; Material properties
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    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
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Abstract

一种油气、扩径复合式耐坠毁缓冲器。本发明涉及飞行器起降装置耐坠毁缓冲器领域。提出了一种可在工作状态下同时发挥金属扩径缓冲器和油气缓冲器的效能,从而有效提高了缓冲效率的油气、扩径复合式耐坠毁缓冲器。该缓冲器可运用在一次性耐坠毁缓冲任务环境中,也可与其他缓冲器串联,作为耐坠毁子级。包括活塞杆和金属胀筒;所述金属胀筒内容置有油,使得活塞杆内部形成气腔、且金属胀筒内形成油腔。本发明的有益效果为:能充分利用缓冲行程的同时有效提高了缓冲效率。利于控制过载保护飞行员或相关机载设备。使用方便,应用范围广。

Description

一种油气、扩径复合式耐坠毁缓冲器
技术领域
本发明涉及飞行器起降装置耐坠毁缓冲器领域。
背景技术
目前,随着各类飞行器的发展及其功能的多样化,不同的任务需求,对飞行器的起降装置也提出了相应的要求。在直升机以较大速度坠落、星际探测器着陆、空天飞行器回收等任务环境中,要求起降装置能够吸收飞行器着陆时的功量、减小冲击过载,以保障着陆时乘员的生命安全及相关设备的正常运行。因此,提升起降装置缓冲器的耐坠毁性能将提高飞行员在坠机时的存活率、提高相关飞行器和着陆器的成功着陆率。
常规的单级双腔式缓冲器结构设计的起落架,由于其起飞着陆缓冲与耐坠毁缓冲共用同一活塞杆的缓冲行程,其实际能用于耐坠毁缓冲的行程十分有限,很难满足当下飞行器的耐坠毁性能需求。
常用的依靠材料坍塌法的耐坠毁缓冲器,例如金属蜂窝缓冲器、泡沫铝缓冲器,具有质量轻的特点,但材料压实后占据一部分缓冲器行程,对缓冲器吸能总量有较大影响,此外该类缓冲器难以保证不同批次产品的缓冲特性一致性。
发明内容
本发明针对以上问题,提出了一种可在工作状态下同时发挥金属扩径缓冲器和油气缓冲器的效能,从而有效提高了缓冲效率的油气、扩径复合式耐坠毁缓冲器。该缓冲器可运用在一次性耐坠毁缓冲任务环境中,也可与其他缓冲器串联,作为耐坠毁子级。
本发明的技术方案为:包括活塞杆和金属胀筒,所述活塞杆的底端设有与其连为一体的上大下小的锥头,所述活塞杆呈空心状、且所述锥头的底部开设有与活塞杆内部连通的油孔;
所述金属胀筒呈顶部敞口的直桶状,所述金属胀筒的顶口的内径小于锥头的最大外径;
所述锥头的底部设于金属胀筒的顶口处、且二者可拆卸地相连接;
所述金属胀筒内容置有油,使得活塞杆内部形成气腔、且金属胀筒内形成油腔。
所述金属胀筒的顶部固定连接有与锥头适配的变径带,所述变径带呈上大下小状,所述变径带的顶部固定连接有定径带;所述锥头容置于变径带中、且锥头与定径带可拆卸地相连接。
所述锥头的外壁从上到下依次分为连接区、变径区和密封区,所述连接区容置于定径带之内、且与定径带可拆卸地相连接,所述变径区容置于变径带之内,所述密封区容置于金属胀筒的顶口处、且密封区与金属胀筒的内壁之间保持密封。
所述连接区与定径带之间通过至少一个螺钉可拆卸地相连接。
所述密封区的外壁上开设有环形凹槽,所述环形凹槽内设有环形的密封圈,所述密封圈与金属胀筒的内壁相贴合。
本发明由带有耳片的活塞杆及锥头组成的组件装入带有耳片的金属胀筒中,在连接处,锥头被金属胀筒的定径引导带和变径带胀筒筒身包裹,构成油气、扩径复合式缓冲器的外部结构。在锥头中心处开油孔,使得在工作状态下,油液由油腔被压入气腔。在锥头底部设置密封圈,防止在工作状态下油液溢出。采用螺钉将金属胀筒的定径引导带和锥头上端进行固定,防止两者在非工作状态下脱离。这整个就构成了在一个金属扩径缓冲器中内嵌油气缓冲器的复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,在工作状态下,两者同时发挥效用,有效提升缓冲效率。
本发明的有益效果为:
一、在工作状态下同时发挥金属扩径缓冲器和油气缓冲器的效能,能充分利用缓冲行程的同时有效提高了缓冲效率。
二、可通过调整金属胀筒的壁厚和油孔大小来共同控制缓冲力大小,有利于缓冲器得到平滑的缓冲力曲线,利于控制过载保护飞行员或相关机载设备。
三、使用方便,应用范围广。缓冲器两端设置耳片,便于与受保护对象连接,可运用在一次性耐坠毁缓冲任务环境中,也可与其他缓冲器串联,作为耐坠毁子级。
附图说明
图1是本案的结构示意图
图2是本案中锥头的局部装配示意图
图3是本案中活塞杆的结构示意图
图中1是活塞杆耳片,2是活塞杆,3是气腔,4是螺钉,5是定径带,6是变径带,7是锥头,8是密封圈,9是油孔,10是金属胀筒,11是油腔,12是金属胀筒耳片。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点易于明白了解,下面结合附图及具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
本发明如图1-3所述,包括活塞杆2和金属胀筒10,所述活塞杆2的底端设有与其连为一体的上大下小的锥头7,所述活塞杆2呈空心状、且所述锥头7的底部开设有与活塞杆2内部连通的油孔9;
所述金属胀筒10呈顶部敞口的直桶状,所述金属胀筒10的顶口的内径小于锥头7的最大外径;
所述锥头7的底部设于金属胀筒10的顶口处、且二者可拆卸地相连接;
所述金属胀筒10内容置有油,使得活塞杆2内部形成气腔3、且金属胀筒10内形成油腔11。实际使用时,可借助固定连接在活塞杆2上的活塞杆耳片以及固定连接在金属胀筒10上的金属胀筒耳片12,将本案单独与受保护对象连接,或是作为耐坠毁子级与其他缓冲器串联;这样,当缓冲器的输入冲击载荷超过设定的阈值时,在非工作状态下起固定作用的螺钉(4)断裂,活塞杆(2)向金属胀筒中下压,开始进行缓冲。
一方面,锥头(7)随着活塞杆下压,由于锥头上端的外径大于金属胀筒(10)的内径,所以在锥头进入金属胀筒时会发生扩径现象,外部的冲击能量转换为金属材料的弹塑性变形及胀筒和锥头组件之间的摩擦热能,从而达到了缓冲吸能的目的。
另一方面,在金属扩径缓冲器工作的同时,随着活塞杆(2)的下压,油腔(11)空间变小,油液被压往气腔内;在此过程中,油液流经锥头(7)底部上设置的油孔(9),通过小孔节流效应产生阻尼消耗一部分冲击能量;同时,由于油液几乎不可压缩,因此在油液流入过程中气腔(3)空间变小,腔内气压升高,也吸收了一部分能量。
最后,当缓冲器达到最大压缩行程以后,参与缓冲工作的缓冲器受到气腔(3)中贮存的空气弹簧势能的作用,进入回弹缓冲过程,在此过程中,气体压力迫使油液反向流经油孔(9),回到油腔(11)中,再次消耗能量的同时防止回弹过快,从而有效避免飞行器停稳之后,因缓冲器的快速回弹造成大幅振动的问题。
所述金属胀筒10的顶部固定连接有与锥头7适配的变径带6,所述变径带6呈上大下小状,所述变径带6的顶部固定连接有定径带5;所述锥头7容置于变径带6中、且锥头7与定径带5可拆卸地相连接。
所述锥头的外壁从上到下依次分为连接区、变径区和密封区,所述连接区容置于定径带之内、且与定径带可拆卸地相连接,所述变径区容置于变径带之内,所述密封区容置于金属胀筒的顶口处、且密封区与金属胀筒的内壁之间保持密封。
所述连接区与定径带5之间通过至少一个螺钉4实现可拆卸地相连接。从而在常态时,实现锥头和金属胀筒之间的稳定连接,而在缓冲器的输入冲击载荷超过设定的阈值时,通过螺钉的迅速断裂,使得二者可自由的相对运动。
所述密封区的外壁上开设有环形凹槽,所述环形凹槽内设有环形的密封圈8,所述密封圈8与金属胀筒10的内壁相贴合。从而避免在活塞杆下压过程中,油液从活塞杆边缘渗入,影响缓冲效果。
本发明根据具体任务环境,可调整金属胀筒(10)、变径带、定径带的壁厚以及油孔大小,使缓冲过程趋于平稳,避免出现局部大过载。同时,为避免常态时油自由进入气腔中,本案在使用过程中需保持气腔相对位置在油腔上侧,不可倒置使用。
以上,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,本领域的技术人员应当了解,上述实施例和说明书只是描述本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,所做的任何修改、等同替换等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种油气、扩径复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,其特征在于,包括活塞杆和金属胀筒,所述活塞杆的底端设有与其连为一体的上大下小的锥头,所述活塞杆呈空心状、且所述锥头的底部开设有与活塞杆内部连通的油孔;
所述金属胀筒呈顶部敞口的直桶状,所述金属胀筒的顶口的内径小于锥头的最大外径;
所述锥头的底部设于金属胀筒的顶口处、且二者可拆卸地相连接;
所述金属胀筒内容置有油,使得活塞杆内部形成气腔、且金属胀筒内形成油腔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种油气、扩径复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,其特征在于,所述金属胀筒的顶部固定连接有与锥头适配的变径带,所述变径带呈上大下小状,所述变径带的顶部固定连接有定径带;所述锥头容置于变径带中、且锥头与定径带可拆卸地相连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种油气、扩径复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,其特征在于,所述锥头的外壁从上到下依次分为连接区、变径区和密封区,所述连接区容置于定径带之内、且与定径带可拆卸地相连接,所述变径区容置于变径带之内,所述密封区容置于金属胀筒的顶口处、且密封区与金属胀筒的内壁之间保持密封。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种油气、扩径复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,其特征在于,所述连接区与定径带之间通过至少一个螺钉可拆卸地相连接。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种油气、扩径复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,其特征在于,所述密封区的外壁上开设有环形凹槽,所述环形凹槽内设有环形的密封圈,所述密封圈与金属胀筒的内壁相贴合。
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