CN111677809A - 一种油气分离型变油孔复合式耐坠毁缓冲器 - Google Patents

一种油气分离型变油孔复合式耐坠毁缓冲器 Download PDF

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CN111677809A
CN111677809A CN202010528209.0A CN202010528209A CN111677809A CN 111677809 A CN111677809 A CN 111677809A CN 202010528209 A CN202010528209 A CN 202010528209A CN 111677809 A CN111677809 A CN 111677809A
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oil
buffer
conical head
expansion cylinder
piston rod
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魏小辉
陈虎
房兴波
谢欣宏
聂宏
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/002Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising at least one fluid spring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/58Arrangements or adaptations of shock-absorbers or springs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/58Arrangements or adaptations of shock-absorbers or springs
    • B64C25/60Oleo legs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/08Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other
    • F16F7/09Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other in dampers of the cylinder-and-piston type
    • F16F7/095Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other in dampers of the cylinder-and-piston type frictional elements brought into engagement by movement along a surface oblique to the axis of the cylinder, e.g. interaction of wedge-shaped elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/12Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members
    • F16F7/128Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members characterised by the members, e.g. a flat strap, yielding through stretching, pulling apart
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/06Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid
    • F16F9/061Mono-tubular units
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/06Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid
    • F16F9/066Units characterised by the partition, baffle or like element
    • F16F9/067Partitions of the piston type, e.g. sliding pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/36Special sealings, including sealings or guides for piston-rods
    • F16F9/368Sealings in pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/48Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke
    • F16F9/483Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke characterised by giving a particular shape to the cylinder, e.g. conical
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/48Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke
    • F16F9/49Stops limiting fluid passage, e.g. hydraulic stops or elastomeric elements inside the cylinder which contribute to changes in fluid damping
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/54Arrangements for attachment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/04Friction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/12Fluid damping
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/12Fluid damping
    • F16F2222/126Fluid damping using gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/0005Attachment, e.g. to facilitate mounting onto confer adjustability
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2232/00Nature of movement
    • F16F2232/08Linear

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种油气分离型变油孔复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,包括活塞杆组件和金属胀筒,活塞杆组件包括活塞杆、浮动活塞和锥头,活塞杆的下端与锥头接触并通过螺钉固定,将活塞杆与锥头围合形成的空间作为气腔,浮动活塞置于气腔内并能够上下浮动,锥头的底部中心处开有油孔,该油孔能够根据受力进行缩放;金属胀筒包括定径引导带、变径带和胀筒筒身,定径引导带、变径带和胀筒筒身依次连接且将锥头包裹在内,锥头上端的外径大于胀筒筒身的内径,将胀筒筒身的内部空间作为油腔,油腔内部设有油针,油针在缓冲器工作时插入油孔从而改变油孔大小。工作时,金属扩径吸能缓冲器与油气分离型缓冲器同时发挥效用,有效提升了缓冲效率和飞行器耐坠毁性能。

Description

一种油气分离型变油孔复合式耐坠毁缓冲器
技术领域
本发明属于飞行器起降装置领域,特别涉及了一种耐坠毁缓冲器。
背景技术
随着各类飞行器的发展及其功能的多样化,不同的任务需求,对飞行器的起降装置也提出了相应的要求。在直升机以较大速度坠落、星际探测器着陆、空天飞行器回收等任务环境中,要求起降装置能够吸收飞行器着陆时的功量、减小冲击过载,以保障着陆时乘员的生命安全及相关设备的正常运行。因此,提升起降装置缓冲器的耐坠毁性能将提高飞行员在坠机时的存活率、提高相关飞行器和着陆器的成功着陆率。
常规的单级双腔式缓冲器结构设计的起落架,由于其起飞着陆缓冲与耐坠毁缓冲共用同一活塞杆的缓冲行程,其实际能用于耐坠毁缓冲的行程十分有限,很难满足当下飞行器的耐坠毁性能需求。
常规的油气缓冲器通常采用固定大小油孔的油气混合形式,该形式的缓冲器在使用时需要保证油腔在气腔下方,灵活性较差,无法适用于某些特定情况需要气腔一侧位于缓冲器下方的情况。固定大小的油孔导致缓冲器在工作状态下各时刻油孔的流量相同,不便于调节缓冲力大小来适应具体工况和保护对象。
常用的依靠材料坍塌法的耐坠毁缓冲器,例如金属蜂窝缓冲器、泡沫铝缓冲器,具有质量轻的特点,但材料压实后占据一部分缓冲器行程,对缓冲器吸能总量有较大影响,此外该类缓冲器难以保证不同批次产品的缓冲特性一致性。
发明内容
为了解决上述背景技术提到的技术问题,本发明提出了一种油气分离型变油孔复合式耐坠毁缓冲器。
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明的技术方案为:
一种油气分离型变油孔复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,包括活塞杆组件和金属胀筒,所述活塞杆组件包括活塞杆、浮动活塞和锥头,所述活塞杆的下端与锥头接触并通过螺钉固定,将活塞杆与锥头围合形成的空间作为气腔,所述浮动活塞置于气腔内并能够上下浮动,所述锥头的底部中心处开有油孔,该油孔能够根据受力进行缩放;所述金属胀筒包括定径引导带、变径带和胀筒筒身,所述定径引导带、变径带和胀筒筒身依次连接且将所述锥头包裹在内,锥头上端的外径大于胀筒筒身的内径,将胀筒筒身的内部空间作为油腔,油腔内部设有油针,油针在缓冲器工作时插入所述油孔从而改变油孔大小。
基于上述技术方案的优选方案,所述活塞杆的一端设有耳片,所述胀筒筒身的一端设有耳片。
基于上述技术方案的优选方案,所述锥头下端设有凹槽,该凹槽内设置密封圈。
基于上述技术方案的优选方案,所述浮动活塞下端设有凹槽,该凹槽内设置密封圈。
基于上述技术方案的优选方案,通过调整变径带、胀筒筒身各段壁厚以及油针截面积,实现对缓冲力的调控。
采用上述技术方案带来的有益效果:
(1)本发明在工作状态下同时发挥金属扩径缓冲器和油气型缓冲器的效能,在充分利用缓冲行程的同时有效提高了缓冲效率;
(2)本发明可通过调整金属胀筒的壁厚和油孔大小来共同控制缓冲力大小,有利于缓冲器得到平滑的缓冲力曲线的同时在缓冲行程中后段能得到较大的缓冲力,有利于控制过载保护飞行员或相关机载设备;
(3)本发明采用复合结构,有效提高了缓冲器的承载能力,在相同的承载能力指标要求下,该复合式缓冲器能比传统的油气缓冲器或单一的金属扩径缓冲器;
(4)本发明采用油气分离形式,缓冲器在使用过程中不用考虑油腔和气腔的相对位置,使用方便,应用范围广;
(5)本发明缓冲器两端设置耳片,便于与受保护对象连接,可运用在一次性耐坠毁缓冲任务环境中,也可与其他缓冲器串联,作为耐坠毁子级。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图;
图2是本发明的局部结构示意图;
图3是本发明中活塞杆组件的结构示意图;
标号说明:1、活塞杆耳片;2、活塞杆;3、气腔;4、浮动活塞;5、密封圈;6、变径带;7、定径引导带;8、螺钉;9、油孔;10、密封圈;11、锥头,12、胀筒筒身;13、油针,14、油腔,15、金属胀筒耳片。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图,对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
如图1-3所示,本发明设计了一种油气分离型变油孔复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,包括活塞杆组件和金属胀筒。所述活塞杆组件包括活塞杆2、浮动活塞4和锥头11。活塞杆2的下端与锥头11接触并通过螺钉8固定,将活塞杆2与锥头11围合形成的空间作为气腔3,浮动活塞4置于气腔3内并能够上下浮动,锥头11的底部中心处开有油孔9,该油孔9能够根据受力进行缩放。所述金属胀筒包括定径引导带7、变径带6和胀筒筒身12,定径引导带7、变径带6和胀筒筒身12依次连接且将锥头11包裹在内,锥头11上端的外径大于胀筒筒身12的内径,将胀筒筒身12的内部空间作为油腔14,油腔14内部设有油针13,油针13在缓冲器工作时插入油孔从9从而改变油孔9的大小。
在本发明中,活塞杆2、锥头11、金属胀筒组成的金属扩径吸能缓冲器和气腔3、油腔14、油孔9、浮动活塞4组成的油气分离型缓冲器。这整个就构成了在一个金属扩径缓冲器中内嵌油气分离型缓冲器的复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,在工作状态下,两者同时发挥效用,有效提高了缓冲效率,扩大了缓冲器适用范围。
在本实施例中,如图1所示,活塞杆2的一端设有耳片1,胀筒筒身12的一端设有耳片15,用于将复合缓冲器连接到相关机构上。
在本实施例中,如图2所示,密封圈10设置在锥头11下端的凹槽内,用于防止在工作状态下,油液从锥头11两侧溢出。密封圈5设置在浮动活塞4下端的凹槽内,用于防止在工作状态下,油液从浮动活塞4两侧溢出。
当缓冲器的输入冲击载荷超过设定的阈值时,在非工作状态下起固定作用的螺钉8断裂,活塞杆2向金属胀筒中下压,锥头11随着活塞杆下压,由于锥头11上端的外径大于胀筒筒身12的内径,所以在锥头自定径引导带7经过变径带6进入金属胀筒时会发生扩径现象,外部的冲击能量转换为金属材料的弹塑性变形及胀筒和锥头组件之间的摩擦热能,从而达到了缓冲吸能的目的。
在金属扩径缓冲器工作的同时,随着活塞杆2的下压,油腔14空间变小,油液受压向气腔方向流动。在此过程中,油液流经锥头11底部上设置的油孔9,通过小孔节流效应产生阻尼消耗一部分冲击能量,由于油针13的存在,在缓冲器作用过程中,油孔9变小,油液流速变大,耗散能量和缓冲器也随之增大,使得该复合缓冲器在行程中后段能产生较大缓冲力。由于油液几乎不可压缩,因此在油液流入过程中挤压浮动活塞4压缩气腔3内气体,气腔内空间变小,腔内气压升高,也吸收了一部分能量。
当缓冲器达到最大压缩行程以后,参与缓冲工作的缓冲器受到气腔3中贮存的空气弹簧势能的作用,进入回弹缓冲过程,在此过程中,气体压力迫使浮动活塞4挤压油液反向流经油孔9,回到油腔14中,再次消耗能量的同时防止回弹过快。
根据具体任务环境,可调整变径带、筒身各段壁厚以及油针截面积,实现对缓冲力的调控,在满足使用条件的前提下,使缓冲力趋于平滑,避免出现局部大过载。
实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想,在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动,均落入本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种油气分离型变油孔复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,其特征在于:包括活塞杆组件和金属胀筒,所述活塞杆组件包括活塞杆、浮动活塞和锥头,所述活塞杆的下端与锥头接触并通过螺钉固定,将活塞杆与锥头围合形成的空间作为气腔,所述浮动活塞置于气腔内并能够上下浮动,所述锥头的底部中心处开有油孔,该油孔能够根据受力进行缩放;所述金属胀筒包括定径引导带、变径带和胀筒筒身,所述定径引导带、变径带和胀筒筒身依次连接且将所述锥头包裹在内,锥头上端的外径大于胀筒筒身的内径,将胀筒筒身的内部空间作为油腔,油腔内部设有油针,油针在缓冲器工作时插入所述油孔从而改变油孔大小。
2.根据权利要求1所述油气分离型变油孔复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,其特征在于:所述活塞杆的一端设有耳片,所述胀筒筒身的一端设有耳片。
3.根据权利要求1所述油气分离型变油孔复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,其特征在于:所述锥头下端设有凹槽,该凹槽内设置密封圈。
4.根据权利要求1所述油气分离型变油孔复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,其特征在于:所述浮动活塞下端设有凹槽,该凹槽内设置密封圈。
5.根据权利要求1所述油气分离型变油孔复合式耐坠毁缓冲器,其特征在于:通过调整变径带、胀筒筒身各段壁厚以及油针截面积,实现对缓冲力的调控。
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Application publication date: 20200918