CN111533934A - 一种高透湿高阻隔医用一次性防护服面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高透湿高阻隔医用一次性防护服面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111533934A
CN111533934A CN202010429233.9A CN202010429233A CN111533934A CN 111533934 A CN111533934 A CN 111533934A CN 202010429233 A CN202010429233 A CN 202010429233A CN 111533934 A CN111533934 A CN 111533934A
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microporous membrane
parts
fabric
protective clothing
waterproof
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赖军
唐世君
绳以健
王刚
徐卫红
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Institute of Quartermaster Engineering Technology Institute of Systems Engineering Academy of Military Sciences
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高透湿高阻隔医用防护服面料及其制备方法。所述医用防护服面料由聚丙烯纺粘非织造布和PU微多孔膜复合而成，PU微多孔膜按照下述方法制备：(1)对离型布依次进行防水处理和压光处理后作为载体，使离型布的透气率为3～10cm3/cm2/s；(2)将涂覆液涂布于载体上进行发泡，凝固后，依次经水洗和烘干定型，即在载体上得到PU微多孔膜；按照重量份计，涂覆液的组成如下：溶剂型聚氨酯树脂100份；DMF 50～70份；纳米碳酸钙20～50份；表面活性剂1.2～1.5份；泼水剂0.5～2份；助剥剂0.5～1.5份。本发明通过将聚丙烯纺粘非织造布与PU微多孔膜复合，得到了具有透气性能的高透湿高阻隔防护服面料。

Description

一种高透湿高阻隔医用一次性防护服面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高透湿高阻隔医用一次性防护服面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
2003年的SARS病毒以及今年的新冠狀病毒在世界大范围爆发，威胁着数以万计人的生命，医用防护服成了不可或缺的防护产品。医用防护服主要用于医护人员穿着，不仅要排湿透气、穿着自如，还要让医护人员免受诊疗过程中病毒、细菌等各种污染物的感染，抵挡住水液、酒精、油渍侵入，有效抗静电以及防止灰尘进入。
医用防护服面料及防护性能不仅反映了一个国家的技术水平，反映着这个国家综合国力的强弱，而且关系到广大医护工作者和人民的生命健康安全。我国颁布的GB19082-2009《医用一次性防护服技术要求》，对于透湿和过滤效率的要求不高，如果长时间穿着，就会对舒适性产生负面影响，医护人员常常会汗流浃背。如果再加上佩戴的口罩和护目镜，头晕憋闷在所难免，一天工作下来，内衣和外衣经常全部湿透。针对这一问题，有待进行技术革新，实现防护服的升级换代。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高透湿高阻隔医用一次性防护服面料及其制备方法，本发明通过将聚丙烯纺粘非织造布与PU微多孔膜复合，得到了高透湿高阻隔的防护服面料；除了具备防护服基本性能外，还实现了透气功能，同时阻隔和过滤效率大幅提升。
本发明首先提供一种具备防水、透湿、透气功能的PU微多孔膜的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)对离型布进行防水处理；
(2)对所述离型布进行压光处理，使所述离型布的透气率达到为3～10cm3/cm2/s，以作为涂覆的载体；
(3)将涂覆液涂布于所述载体上进行发泡，凝固后，依次经水洗和烘干定型，即在所述载体上得到PU微多孔膜。
上述的制备方法中，步骤(1)中，所述防水处理的步骤如下：
在所述离型布上涂覆防水树脂，然后进行高温定型，以确保防水性能；
所述防水树脂为C6防水树脂，用量为40±2g/m2；
所述高温定型的条件为：温度为150～170℃，时间为30～40秒；
根据JIS L1902测试，经过上述防水树脂处理的基布洗涤20次后防水性可达80点以上。
上述的制备方法中，步骤(2)中，所述压光处理的条件如下：
温度为60～80℃，吨位为70～90T，车速为12～18m/min。
上述的制备方法中，步骤(3)中，按照重量份计，所述涂覆液的组成具体可为：
溶剂型聚氨酯树脂100份；DMF 50～70份；纳米碳酸钙20～50份；表面活性剂1.2～1.5份；泼水剂0.5～2份；助剥剂0.5～1.5份；
其中，所述表面活性剂可为S-8I或S-11；
所述泼水剂可为C6泼水剂；
所述助剥剂可为Byk9565。
按照重量份计，所述涂覆液的组成具体可为：
溶剂型聚氨酯树脂100份；DMF 50份；纳米碳酸钙20份；表面活性剂(S-8I、S-11)1.2份；泼水剂(C6泼水剂)1.0份；助剥剂(Byk9565)0.8份。
上述发泡步骤中，通过添加DMF调整孔洞的多少，增加表面活性剂调整孔洞大小。
本发明方法制备得到的PU微多孔膜属于空腔非对称膜，厚度为40～50μm，膜的正面微孔尺寸小，膜的反面(与离型布接触面)微孔尺寸大，膜的中间部位具有独立空腔，这些空腔通过蜂窝状网络结构的微孔通道分别与膜的正反面联通。这种结构的微孔通道，有效增大了微小颗粒通过微多孔膜的阻力，同时又保证了空气具有一定的穿透能力，提高了这种材料的穿着舒适性；
所述PU微多孔膜的正面的微孔尺寸为100～800nm，反面的微孔尺寸为600～2400nm，中间空腔尺寸为9μm。
所述PU微多孔膜的克重为19±1g/m2。
本发明PU微多孔膜的耐静水压5000～7000mmH2O(GB/T 4744-2013)，透湿性10000～11000g/m2.24h(GB/T 12704.1-2009)，15000～18000g/m2.(GB/T12704.2B-2009)，透气性1.3mm/s(GB/T 5453(压力200pa))。
在所述PU微多孔膜的基础上，本发明提供了一种高透湿高阻隔医用一次性防护服面料，由聚丙烯纺粘非织造布和所述PU微多孔膜复合而成；
所述医用一次性防护服面料的克重为55～70g/m2。
所述医用一次性防护服面料按照下述方法制备：
(1)将所述PU微多孔膜放置于热熔复合机的放膜区域，将所述聚丙烯纺粘非织造布放置于所述热熔复合机的放布区域；
(2)在所述热熔复合机的胶槽加入胶水，然后将所述胶水转移至所述PU微多孔膜的反面上，通过贴合将所述聚丙烯纺粘非织造布与所述PU微多孔膜压合成型至收卷，经熟化后即得到所述医用一次性防护服面料。
上述的制备方法中，步骤(2)中，所述压合成型的条件如下：
使用覆盖率为36～42％的雕花轮，熔胶温度为90～100℃，轮温为100～120℃，车速为16±2m/min，复合间隙为180～200μm，贴合压力为5～8kg，张力为2～3kg。
上述的制备方法中，步骤(2)中，所述熟化的条件如下：
温度为35℃～40℃，湿度为65％～75％，时间为24～48小时(视季节可温度调整)。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明医用一次性防护服面料在2000mm水柱压力下仍然防水，能够有效隔挡病人的血液、唾液、尿液等液体。
人体穿着服装要实现真正舒适，须具备空气透过率这一重要性能。PU微多孔膜面料拥有令人惊叹的细小孔隙度，具备了0.9mm/s(测试方法为GB/T 5453)的空气透过率，使得人在活动过程中产生的多余热量通过孔隙排出，维持体表舒适温度，不易出汗、不产生发闷的感觉。
医用防护服面料克重只有55～70g/m2，制成的防护服非常轻量化，有助于医护人员行动方便，减少重负。
医用防护服面料的采用抗静电聚丙烯纺粘非织造布，使得面料具备抗静电性能。
PU微多孔薄膜可降解，不会造成二次污染，属于环保型薄膜。PU微多孔膜复合面料符合国家环保标准，保证对人体无害。
附图说明
图1为PU微多孔膜的电镜图，其中，图1(a)为正面电镜图，图1(b)为反面电镜图，图1(c)为横截面电镜图。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、制备PU微多孔膜
(1)选择载体；选择透气率为3～20cm3/cm2/s的20D尼龙平织布作为载体，并将载体进行防水处理，防水处理的步骤如下：
防水加工采用C6防水树脂，防水树脂用量为40±2g/m，处理后再进行高温定型(160℃、35s)，确保防水性能。根据JIS L1902测试，经过防水树脂处理的基布洗涤20次后防水性可达80点以上。
(2)载体透气率控制；将载体进行压光处理，将透气率控制在3～10cm3/cm2/s内；
(3)涂覆液配比；按照重量份数计，由100kg溶剂型聚氨酯树脂、50kg DMF、S-8I0.4kg，S-11 0.8kg，纳米碳酸钙20kg，C6泼水剂1.0kg，Byk9565 0.8kg混合制成。
(4)薄膜成型加工；将涂覆液均匀涂布在载体上，待涂覆液凝固，然后水洗、烘干定型，待冷却后将载体与凝固的涂覆液剥离，打卷得到薄膜，即为PU微多孔膜。
本实施例制备的PU微多孔膜属于空腔非对称膜，膜的正反表面微孔尺寸有差异，膜的正面微孔尺寸小，膜的反面(与离型布接触面)微孔尺寸大，膜的中间部位具有独立空腔，即膜的截面是一种空腔蜂窝状网络结构，含有多层结构形式，在孔的三维结构上有网状连通、孔镶套、孔道弯曲等非常复杂的结构，可能由多个微孔组成一个通道，也可能一个微孔与多个通道相联。多孔结构使得薄膜具备高透湿以及多重过滤的优点，PU微多孔膜的正面电镜图如图1(a)所示，反面电镜图如图1(b)所示，横截面电镜图如图1(c)所示，可以看出，所制备的PU微多孔膜的正面的微孔尺寸为100～800nm，反面的微孔尺寸为600～2400nm，中间空腔尺寸为9μm。
本实施例制备的PU微多孔膜的技术参数如表1中所示：
表1 PU微多孔膜的技术参数
Figure BDA0002499880760000041
由表1中的数据可以看出，本实施例制备的PU微多孔膜具有透气、透湿和防水的功能。
实施例2、制备高透湿高阻隔医用一次性防护服面料
通过PUR热熔复合机把聚丙烯纺粘非织造布和具备防水、透湿、透气功能的PU微多孔膜复合制成两层复合面料。
(1)PUR热熔复合机雕花轮升温至110℃、热熔胶机升温95℃；
(2)PUR热熔复合机放膜区域上膜，放布区域上布；
(3)设置复合机设备参数，车速16±2m/min，复合间隙180μm，贴合压力5kg，张力2～3kg；
(4)胶槽加胶，检查胶水在胶槽的流动性；
(5)通过上胶轮压合雕花轮把胶水转移到PU微多孔膜上，然后再通过贴合轮将非织造布与上好胶的PU微多孔膜压合成型至收卷；
(6)成品放置熟化室进行熟化48小时，熟化环境：温度40℃，湿度保持65％。
本实施例制备的医用防护服面料的技术参数如表2中所示：
表2医用防护服面料的技术参数
抗渗水性(静水压) GB/T 4744-1997 2000mmH2O
透湿量 GB/T 12704-1991方法A吸湿法 9000g/(㎡.d)
透气性 GB/T 5453(压力200Pa) 0.9mm/s
抗合成血液穿透性 GB19082 ＞2级
表面抗湿性(沾水) GB/T 4745-1997 4-5级
断裂强力 GB/T 3923.1-1997 经向：78N，纬向：55N
过滤效率 GB19082 95％
带电电荷量 GB/T 12703.3-2009 0.1μC
克重 GB/T 4669-2008 55±5g/m2
由表2中的数据可以看出，本实施例制备的医用防护服面料具有防水透湿性、抗静电性、透气性、轻量化、柔软性的优点。
本发明提供的医用防护服面料可用于传染病病房、实验室、车站、牧场、屠宰场、地震灾区等具有潜在致病菌威胁的场所，面料能保护使用者免受有害物质侵害。常用于SARS防护、鼠疫防护、埃博拉防护、布鲁氏菌病、禽流感等疫情防护。

Claims (10)

1.一种PU微多孔膜的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)对离型布进行防水处理；
(2)对所述离型布进行压光处理，使所述离型布的透气率达到为3～10cm3/cm2/s，以作为涂覆的载体；
(3)将涂覆液涂布于所述载体上进行发泡，凝固后，依次经水洗和烘干定型，即在所述载体上得到PU微多孔膜。
按照重量份计，所述涂覆液的组成如下：
溶剂型聚氨酯树脂100份；DMF 50～70份；纳米碳酸钙20～50份；表面活性剂1.2～1.5份；泼水剂0.5～2份；助剥剂0.5～1.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中，所述防水处理的步骤如下：
在所述离型布上涂覆防水树脂，然后进行高温定型；
所述防水树脂为C6防水树脂，用量为40±2g/m2；
所述高温定型的条件为：温度为150～170℃，时间为30～40秒。
所述离型布防水性能要满足洗涤20次后防水性达80点以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，所述压光处理的步骤如下：
温度为60～80℃，吨位为70～90T，车速为12～18m/min。
4.据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中，所述表面活性剂为S-8I或S-11；所述泼水剂为C6泼水树脂；所述助剥剂为Byk9565。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项所述方法制备的PU微多孔膜；
所述PU微多孔膜的厚度为40～50μm；
所述PU微多孔膜的正面的微孔尺寸小于反面的微孔尺寸，中间的空腔通过蜂窝状网络结构的微孔通道分别与所述PU微多孔膜的正面和反面联通，反面指的是与所述离型布接触的表面；
所述PU微多孔膜的克重为19±1g/m2。
6.一种高透湿高阻隔医用一次性防护服面料，由聚丙烯纺粘非织造布和权利要求5所述PU微多孔膜复合而成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的医用防护服面料，其特征在于：所述医用一次性防护服面料的克重为55～70g/m2。
8.权利要求6或7所述医用防护服面料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将所述PU微多孔膜放置于热熔复合机的放膜区域，将所述聚丙烯纺粘非织造布放置于所述热熔复合机的放布区域；
(2)在所述热熔复合机的胶槽加入胶水，然后将所述胶水转移至所述PU微多孔膜的反面上，通过贴合将所述聚丙烯纺粘非织造布与所述PU微多孔膜压合成型至收卷，经熟化后即得到所述医用一次性防护服面料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，所述压合成型的条件如下：
使用覆盖率为36～42％的雕花轮，熔胶温度为90～100℃，轮温为100～120℃，车速为16±2m/min，复合间隙为180～200μm，贴合压力为5～8kg，张力为2～3kg。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，所述熟化的条件如下：
温度为35℃～40℃，湿度为65％～75％，时间为24～48小时。
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