CN111530918A - Method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by jointly planting oak trees and black nightshade - Google Patents
Method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by jointly planting oak trees and black nightshade Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by jointly planting oak trees and black nightshade, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the oak and the black nightshade are planted in the cadmium and zinc heavily-polluted soil for cultivation in a co-planting mode for restoration, wherein the co-planting mode comprises a single oak-black nightshade mode and a plurality of oak-black nightshade co-planting modes. The oak and the black nightshade keep a proper inter-plant distance, specifically 20-100 cm. The invention provides the plant restoration configuration mode with higher restoration efficiency, and can realize the effect of landscape forestation and restoration. The synergistic effect of the oak and the black nightshade can not only promote the growth of plants and improve the content of heavy metal in the plants, but also can green, beautifully and uncover heavily polluted soil to a certain extent to generate ecological benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a phytoremediation method for heavy metal heavily-polluted land, in particular to a remediation method for jointly planting arbor-super accumulator plants, and specifically relates to a method for jointly planting oak and nightshade to remediate cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land.
Background
China is a world with large consumption of mineral resources, and the demand and actual exploitation strength of the mineral resources are increased year by year. In the process of mining mineral resources, adverse effects such as water and soil loss, vegetation reduction, soil exposure, soil geological structure damage and the like can be directly caused to the surrounding environment. The random discharge of waste water and waste slag in metal smelting and mining can cause a large amount of heavy metals to enter the soil, and the heavy metals in the soil around the mining area exceed the standard. The heavy metal pollution of the soil can cause the reduction of the soil quality, the reduction of the yield of crops and the reduction of the quality of agricultural products, even threatens the health and ecological safety of human beings, and poses serious threat to the sustainable development of the society.
Phytoremediation is a method for environmental remediation by utilizing the accumulation capacity of plants on pollutants, has the characteristics of novelty, economy, high efficiency, environmental protection, in-situ remediation and the like, and is considered to be a green heavy metal pollution remediation mode. Plant restoration by using super-accumulation plants is a plant restoration method which is widely applied at present, but natural heavy metal super-accumulation plants have specific accumulation on single metal, small biomass and short and small root systems, and can only restore pollutants on the surface layer of soil. In addition, many current plant repair enhancement technologies, such as application of genetically engineered cultured plants, physico-chemical assisted plant repair, biochar addition, microbial assisted plant repair, and appropriate agricultural management measures, have problems of high cost, secondary pollution generation, and safety regulation.
In heavy metal severe pollution areas, plants are difficult to survive due to high heavy metal toxicity, and the problems of plant damage, soil exposure and the like often exist. Aiming at the land with strict management and control purposes, the heavy metal pollution degree of which exceeds the risk management and control value, the remediation of the heavily polluted soil needs to be carried out in parallel with the afforestation, and the landscape effect with high public acceptance is formed while the remediation of the soil is realized.
Intercropping is an ancient farming method, which is defined as the process of using two or more kinds of articlesThe method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of planting the plants in the same land area, planting the same land area in. Some domestic and foreign scholars try to repair soil heavy metal pollution through co-planting, but the influence results of the co-planting on the heavy metal accumulation in plants are different. For example: the rhodiola rosea and phyllostachys praecox are planted in the zinc-cadmium treatment area together, so that the zinc and cadmium content in the zinc-cadmium combined polluted soil can be stably reduced, the crop yield can be increased to a certain extent, and the farmers are guaranteed to have certain economic benefits (CN 108326022A). Ashrafi et al, (purslane)Portulaca OleraceaL.) Co-planting with sunflower in cadmium-contaminated soil, it was found that Purslane, although it alters the soil conditions in the cotermination zone, had no significant Effect on cadmium uptake by sunflower (Ashrafi, A., Zahedi, M., Soleimani, M., 2015. Effect of Co-planted Purslane (Co-planted, Calif.)Portulaca OleraceaL.) on Cd Accumulation by underflow in differential Levels of CdContaination and Salinity A Point study. INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT 17, 853-. The method for repairing the heavy metal polluted soil has the advantages that the number of available co-planting modes for repairing the heavy metal polluted soil is small, and the effect is different, so that the application of the co-planting technology in the plant repairing of the heavy metal polluted soil is limited, the problems are comprehensively solved, the method for repairing the heavy metal polluted soil with good repairing effect and good landscape effect is obtained, and the method has important significance in improving the application of the co-planting technology in the field of repairing the heavy metal polluted soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that heavy metal super-accumulation plants have specific accumulation on single metal, have small biomass and shallow root systems, can only restore soil surface pollutants, and the reinforced plant restoration technologies such as physical chemistry and the like have high cost, secondary pollution generation and safety supervision, the plant restoration method of the cadmium-zinc composite heavily-polluted soil is provided, and a plant restoration mode of jointly planting oak trees and black nightshade trees serving as high-value landscape materials is provided by combining the policy requirements of national heavily-polluted farmland planting structure adjustment or returning to forest and grass returning.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following scheme:
a method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by oak-black nightshade co-planting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the oak and the black nightshade are planted in the cadmium and zinc heavily-polluted soil for cultivation in a co-planting mode for restoration, wherein the co-planting mode comprises a single oak-black nightshade mode and a plurality of oak-black nightshade co-planting modes.
The method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by oak-black nightshade co-planting is characterized in that the spacing between plants of oak and black nightshade is 20-100 cm.
The method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by oak-nightshade co-planting is characterized in that the co-planting modes comprise three co-planting modes of quercus natans-nightshade, quercus cerasus-nightshade and quercus natans-cerasus-nightshade.
The method for repairing the cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by the oak-black nightshade co-planting is characterized in that the oak is transplanted in spring after nursery breeding in winter.
The method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by oak-black nightshade co-planting is characterized in that the black nightshade is germinated in an artificial climate incubator after 2% -3% hydrochloric acid is used for soaking seeds for 24 hours, the temperature of the artificial climate incubator is 25 +/-2 ℃, the humidity of the artificial climate incubator is 75% +/-2%, seedlings are transplanted when the seedlings grow to 7cm +/-0.5 cm, and the seedlings are respectively co-planted with two kinds of oak trees or are co-planted with the two kinds of oak trees.
The method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by oak-black nightshade co-planting is characterized in that oak and black nightshade are planted in spring; culturing according to the natural growth mode of the plants; keeping the water content of the heavy metal contaminated soil to be 65-75% of the maximum water holding capacity in the culture process; the culture process also includes the application of plant disease-preventing pesticide.
The method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by oak-black nightshade co-planting is characterized in that the repaired polluted soil comprises paddy ploughing land or dry land which is heavily polluted by heavy metal cadmium and zinc in subtropical regions.
The method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by oak-black nightshade co-planting has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with single crop, the biomass of the oak is increased by the co-planting treatment of the single oak and the black nightshade, the biomass of the black nightshade is increased by the co-planting, and the black nightshade has the highest biological quantity under the co-planting mode of the single oak and the black nightshade.
(2) Compared with single crop, the common planting treatment of two oak trees and black nightshade respectively improves the average concentration of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in oak plants.
(3) Compared with single crop, the two oak trees are respectively co-planted with the black nightshade, so that the accumulation of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead on the single plants of the oak trees is improved.
(4) The oak and the black nightshade are planted together in the heavily polluted soil, so that a good landscape effect can be formed while repairing, and certain landscape benefits are achieved.
In conclusion, compared with single cropping and co-planting treatment, especially the co-planting of oak and black nightshade can promote the growth of plants, increase the average concentration of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in the two plants and the single plant accumulation amount, and can improve the restoring capability of heavy metals and simultaneously realize the vegetation restoration of heavily polluted soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1: is a schematic diagram of the single cropping mode and the co-cropping mode of the invention;
FIG. 2: the biomass change of Quercus nutans, Quercus cerasus and Solanum nigrum in comparative example 1 and examples 1-3 of the present invention is shown schematically.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the technical solutions of the present invention can be understood and appreciated more easily.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
oak (Quercus L) Also called oak, it has great tree body, great canopy, excellent material quality, strong ecological adaptability, and is suitable for garden greenThe oak has important potential in chemical and ecological construction and wood production, and part of oak belongs to the oak which has stronger tolerance to heavy metals and has better landscape effect. Black nightshade (A)Solanum nigrumL) is a polymetallic tolerant plant which shows strong absorption and transport capacity to cadmium and is a cadmium hyper-accumulator plant.
Quercus nuttallii (Quercus nuttallii) of Quercus species selected in earlier stageQuercus nuttallii) And Quercus cerasus (Fagaceae)Quercus pagoda) Annual seedlings were co-planted with solanum nigrum and three simultaneously (fig. 1). Planting the Quercus nutans and the Quercus cerasus in the zinc-cadmium heavily-polluted soil in 3 months, soaking the solanum nigrum in 2-3% hydrochloric acid for 24 hours, germinating in an artificial climate incubator at 25 +/-2 ℃ and 75 +/-2% humidity, and transplanting seedlings with two oak trees and the three oak trees respectively when the seedlings grow to about 7cm, generally 6.5-7.5 cm. The distance between each plant is 20-100cm, and different plant distances are selected according to different sizes of plant seedlings.
The soil to be tested is taken from the surface soil (0-20 cm) of the polluted cultivated land of a certain zinc smelting plant in Fuyang of Zhejiang. The area belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, the annual average temperature is 16.1 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 1465mm, the prevailing wind directions in summer and winter are southeast wind and northwest wind respectively, and the rainfall is concentrated in 5 months and 6 months. Removing gravel and broken roots from the soil to be tested, naturally drying, and mixing uniformly, wherein the heavy metal content of the soil is shown in table 1
Table 1 examples 1-3 soil heavy cadmium, zinc, copper and lead contents
| Heavy metal content of soil | Cd mg/kg | Zn mg/kg | Cu mg/kg | Pb mg/kg | pH |
| 30.77-36.74 | 1037.39-1202.08 | 58.12-64.23 | 83.97-99.37 | 7.49 |
Wherein cadmium and zinc reach severe contamination levels.
Comparative example 1
Transplanting annual Quercus nutans and Quercus cerasus into the polluted soil for single cropping in 3 months, transplanting the cultured seedlings of Solanum nigrum into the polluted soil for single cropping in 4 months, and keeping the spacing between rows and plants at 20 x 20cm for each crop. Watering and weeding are carried out regularly.
[ example 1 ]
Adopting a mode of co-planting quercus natans and solanum nigrum to repair the chemically polluted paddy soil. The concrete measures are as follows: annual quercus natans was moved into contaminated soil in 3 months, and cultivated solanum nigrum seedlings were moved into quercus natans co-planting areas in 4 months, where quercus natans and solanum nigrum were kept at a spacing of 20 x 20cm between rows. The plants are planted for six months, and watering and weeding are carried out regularly.
[ example 2 ]
And (3) repairing the polluted soil by adopting a common planting mode of oriental cherry oak and nightshade. The concrete measures are as follows: annual quercus cerasus was moved into contaminated soil in 3 months, and cultivated solanum nigrum seedlings were moved into quercus natans co-planting areas in 4 months, where quercus cerasus and solanum nigrum were maintained at a spacing of 20 x 20cm between rows. The plants are planted for six months, and watering and weeding are carried out regularly.
[ example 3 ]
And (3) repairing the polluted soil by adopting a quercus natans-quercus cerasus-solanum nigrum co-planting mode. The concrete measures are as follows: annual quercus natans, quercus cerasus were moved into contaminated soil in 3 months, and cultivated solanum nigrum seedlings were moved into quercus natans co-planting areas in 4 months, wherein quercus cerasus and solanum nigrum were maintained at a spacing of 20 x 20cm between rows. The plants are planted for six months, and watering and weeding are carried out regularly.
The results for comparative example 1 and examples 1-3 are as follows:
the plant samples of the comparative example and examples 1-3 were collected in 10 months and measured to calculate the average biomass, the average concentration of the heavy metals cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in the plants, and the individual accumulation of the plants on the four heavy metals. Index changes of 3 examples and comparative example 1 were compared, respectively. From FIG. 2, we can find that the biomass of Quercus cerasus in example 2 is increased to 110.68% compared to comparative example 1, compared to the exclusive crop. The biomass of nightshade was higher in examples 1-3 than in comparative example 1, and the biomass of nightshade in example 3 exceeded 10.01% of that of the single crop. It is demonstrated that co-planting two oak trees and nightshade can promote the growth of oak trees and nightshade. From tables 2 and 3, we can see that the average concentrations of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in the quercus natans in example 1 and the quercus cerasus plants in example 2 are increased compared to comparative example 1, indicating that the co-planting of two quercus robur trees with solanum nigrum can increase the concentration of heavy metals in the quercus robur trees.
TABLE 2 average concentration of cadmium, Zinc, copper, lead in Quercus nutans plants in comparative example 1 and examples 1 and 3
| Quercus nutata | Comparative example 1 | Example 1 | Example 3 |
| Cadmium mg/kg | 14.66 | 21.19 | 16.02 |
| Zinc mg/kg | 76.43 | 80.63 | 67.65 |
| Copper mg/kg | 5.81 | 6.71 | 5.82 |
| Lead mg/kg | 1.39 | 1.60 | 1.29 |
TABLE 3 average concentration of cadmium, Zinc, copper, lead in Quercus cerasus plants in comparative example 1 and examples 2 and 3
| Quercus cerasus | Comparative example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Cadmium mg/kg | 17.12 | 24.35 | 19.44 |
| Zinc mg/kg | 56.19 | 73.70 | 47.17 |
| Copper mg/kg | 5.69 | 6.73 | 6.20 |
| Lead mg/kg | 1.50 | 2.13 | 1.53 |
TABLE 4 average concentration of cadmium, Zinc, copper, lead in Solanum nigrum plants in comparative example 1 and examples 1-3
| Black nightshade | Comparative example 1 | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Cadmium mg/kg | 34.38 | 28.53 | 31.02 | 26.43 |
| Zinc mg/kg | 210.97 | 185.70 | 216.46 | 187.91 |
| Copper mg/kg | 21.72 | 20.95 | 20.29 | 21.63 |
| Lead mg/kg | 2.29 | 2.33 | 2.98 | 2.28 |
By further calculating the single plant accumulation amount, it can be seen from tables 5 and 6 that the single plants of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead are accumulated more in the quercus natans in example 1 and the quercus cerasus in example 2, and the total extraction amount of cadmium and zinc from solanum nigrum in example 2 is higher than that of comparative example 1 from table 7, i.e. the phytoremediation effect in the co-planting mode is stronger than that in the single planting mode. By comparing the three examples in combination, we found that the repairing effect is the best for example 2, and then for example 1 and example 3.
TABLE 5 Individual accumulation of cadmium, Zinc, copper, lead in Quercus nutans plants in comparative example 1 and examples 1 and 3
| Quercus nutata | Comparative example 1 | Example 1 | Example 3 |
| Cadmium mg/strain | 1.18 | 1.75 | 1.14 |
| Mg/strain of zinc | 5.91 | 6.69 | 5.68 |
| Copper mg/strain | 0.48 | 0.56 | 0.46 |
| Lead mg per strain | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.11 |
TABLE 6 accumulation of cadmium, Zinc, copper, lead per plant in Quercus cerasus plants in comparative example 1 and examples 2 and 3
| Quercus cerasus | Comparative example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Cadmium mg/strain | 1.80 | 2.28 | 1.54 |
| Mg/strain of zinc | 4.43 | 7.05 | 4.49 |
| Copper mg/strain | 0.45 | 0.57 | 0.49 |
| Lead mg per strain | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.14 |
TABLE 7 accumulation of cadmium, Zinc, copper, and lead in individual Solanum nigrum plants in comparative example 1 and examples 1-3
| Black nightshade | Comparative example 1 | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Cadmium mg/kg | 1.42 | 1.26 | 1.53 | 1.24 |
| Zinc mg/kg | 9.40 | 8.17 | 9.77 | 8.86 |
| Copper mg/kg | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 1.02 |
| Lead mg/kg | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.11 |
By comparing the three co-planting modes of Quercus nutans, Quercus cerasus, and Quercus nutans with the single-planting mode of Quercus nutans, Quercus cerasus, and Solanum nigrum.
(1) The co-planting treatment of oriental oak and nightshade improves the biomass of oriental oak compared to single crop. The biomass of the black nightshade is improved by the co-planting, and the biological quantity of the black nightshade is improved to the highest degree in the co-planting mode of the three.
(2) The co-planting of two oak trees with solanum nigrum, respectively, increased the average concentration of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in the quercus nonata and quercus cerasus plants compared to single crop.
(3) Compared with single crop, the co-planting treatment of the two oak trees and the black nightshade improves the single plant accumulation of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in the Nata oak and the cherry bark oak.
(4) The oak and the black nightshade are planted together in the heavily polluted soil, so that a good landscape effect can be formed while repairing, and certain landscape benefits are achieved.
In conclusion, compared with single cropping and co-planting treatment, especially the co-planting of oak and black nightshade can promote the growth of plants, increase the average concentration of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in the two plants and the single plant accumulation amount, and can improve the restoring capability of heavy metals and simultaneously realize the vegetation restoration of heavily polluted soil.
The invention is described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the implementation of the invention is not limited in the above manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to adopt various modifications of the inventive method concept and solution, or to apply the inventive concept and solution directly to other applications without modification.
Claims (7)
1. A method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by oak-black nightshade co-planting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the oak and the black nightshade are planted in the cadmium and zinc heavily-polluted soil for cultivation in a co-planting mode for restoration, wherein the co-planting mode comprises a single oak-black nightshade mode and a plurality of oak-black nightshade co-planting modes.
2. The method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily-polluted land by means of oak-black nightshade co-planting according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between plants of oak and black nightshade is 20-100 cm.
3. The oak-nightshade co-planting method of remediating heavily cadmium zinc contaminated land of claim 1, wherein the oak comprises quercus natta, quercus cerasus;
the co-planting mode comprises a quercus natans-solanum nigrum co-planting mode, a quercus cerasus-solanum nigrum co-planting mode and a quercus natans-quercus cerasus-solanum nigrum co-planting mode.
4. The oak-nightshade co-planting method for remediating heavily cadmium zinc contaminated land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oak is transplanted in spring after winter nursery breeding.
5. The method for repairing cadmium-zinc heavily polluted land by means of oak-black nightshade co-planting according to claim 1, wherein the black nightshade is soaked in 2% -3% hydrochloric acid for 24 hours and then germinated in an artificial climate incubator, the temperature of the artificial climate incubator is 25 ℃ plus or minus 2 ℃, the humidity is 75% + orminus 2%, seedlings are transplanted when growing to 7cm plus or minus 0.5cm, and the seedlings are co-planted with two oak trees respectively or simultaneously.
6. The method for remediating heavily cadmium-zinc contaminated land by oak-nightshade co-planting according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the oak and the nightshade are planted in spring; culturing according to the natural growth mode of the plants; keeping the water content of the heavy metal contaminated soil to be 65-75% of the maximum water holding capacity in the culture process; the culture process also includes the application of plant disease-preventing pesticide.
7. The method for remediating heavily cadmium-zinc contaminated land through oak-black nightshade co-planting according to claim 1, wherein the remediated contaminated soil comprises paddy fields or dry lands heavily contaminated by heavy metals cadmium and zinc in subtropical regions.
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