CN111530746A

CN111530746A - Vibration separator and separation method

Info

Publication number: CN111530746A
Application number: CN202010415415.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘松潮; 魏海庆
Original assignee: Henan Winner Vibrating Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: Henan Winner Vibrating Equipment Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-15
Filing date: 2020-05-15
Publication date: 2020-08-14
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-15
Also published as: CN111530746B

Abstract

The invention belongs to a vibration separator and a separation method. The device comprises a shell, wherein a vibrating screening box is arranged in the shell, and a settling box which is communicated with the vibrating screening box and used for recovering light flotage is arranged on one side of the shell; a plurality of stepped sieve plates which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box, and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent stepped sieve plates; the air outlet of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of stepped sieve plate and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates; physical sieve plates are arranged at the corresponding positions at the bottoms of the plurality of layers of stepped sieve plates; the settling tank is arranged on one side opposite to the air outlet of the back blowing unit. The material sorting machine has the characteristics of reasonable structure setting, convenience in operation, capability of effectively sorting materials, good sorting effect, low requirement on operators, low cleaning and maintaining strength, capability of ensuring normal operation of equipment and effectively prolonging the service life of the equipment.

Description

Vibration separator and separation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration winnowing devices, and particularly relates to a vibration separator and a separation method.

Background

The vibration winnowing machine is mainly suitable for the industries of domestic waste treatment and construction waste treatment, and is favored by the industries because the vibration winnowing machine can effectively sieve out light materials; the vibrating winnowing machine is basically an air port direct blowing material curtain in the actual use process, and a primary wind separation mode is adopted, so that the problem of low separation efficiency is directly caused; when the wind power is too large, the materials with small volume in the heavy materials are blown to a discharge hole of the light materials, and when the wind power is too small, the defect of poor sorting effect is caused; in addition, light floating substances such as plastic bags and the like are easily mixed in the household garbage or the construction garbage, so that the light floating substances are discharged along with heavy materials in one condition in the screening process, and float in disorder in the vibration screening box in the other condition, and particularly are wound in a rotating part of the vibration unit after entering the vibration unit, so that the service life of equipment and the operation safety are seriously influenced. In conclusion, the existing vibrating winnowing machine cannot effectively separate materials, has poor separation effect, is inconvenient to discharge part of light floating objects, can achieve ideal effect after being debugged for many times by experienced operators, is inconvenient to operate, has high requirement on the operators, cleans the light floating objects, has high later maintenance strength, is unstable in equipment operation, and affects the service life of the equipment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a vibration sorting machine and a sorting method.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:

a vibration separator comprises a shell, wherein a vibration screening box used for separating heavy materials, light materials and light flotage materials is arranged in the shell, and a settling box which is communicated with the vibration screening box and used for recovering the light flotage materials is arranged on one side of the shell; a plurality of stepped sieve plates which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box, and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent stepped sieve plates; the air outlet of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of stepped sieve plate and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates; physical sieve plates are arranged at the corresponding positions at the bottoms of the plurality of layers of stepped sieve plates; the settling tank is arranged on one side opposite to the air outlet of the back blowing unit.

Preferably, the vibration screening box is connected with a vibration exciter in the vibration unit, and the vibration exciter is arranged in a non-light drift object traveling area of the vibration screening box; the light floating object traveling area is composed of the outer side of the stepped sieve plate, the top of the physical sieve plate and an air inlet of the settling box.

Preferably, two sides of the shell are respectively provided with a vibration reduction support unit, each vibration reduction support unit comprises a lower support, a vibration reduction spring and an upper support, the upper support on one side is connected with the vibration screening box, the upper support on the other side is provided with a vibration unit connected with the vibration screening box, each vibration unit comprises a vibration exciter connected with the vibration screening box, and the vibration exciter is connected with a vibration motor with a motor base through a transmission shaft; the vibration exciters are multiple and are arranged on the upper portion parallel to the air outlet of the back blowing unit and on the lower portion of the physical sieve plate.

Preferably, the bottom of the physical sieve plate is provided with a powdery material outlet communicated with the shell, the top of the top-layer stepped sieve plate is provided with a feed inlet communicated with the shell, the lower part of the tail end of the bottom-layer stepped sieve plate is provided with a heavy material outlet communicated with the shell, and the lower part of the tail end of the physical sieve plate is provided with a light material outlet communicated with the shell; one side of the settling box is provided with an air inlet communicated with the side part of the winnowing vibration screening box, the other side of the settling box is provided with an air return channel, and the bottom of the settling box is provided with a light floater outlet; and a plurality of groups of intercepting chains are arranged between the air inlet and the air return channel.

Preferably, the back blowing unit comprises a fan, the fan is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines through compensation air pipelines, and the plurality of branch pipelines are respectively connected with the corresponding air quantity sharing devices; the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device is connected with the air blowing part; the blowing part comprises an inclined pipeline communicated with the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device, and the tail end of the inclined pipeline is communicated with the horizontal extending pipeline.

Preferably, the air quantity equalizing device is a circular truncated cone-shaped cavity structure, the lower bottom of the circular truncated cone-shaped cavity structure is communicated with the branch pipeline, the cross section area of the lower bottom of the circular truncated cone-shaped cavity structure is larger than that of the upper bottom of the circular truncated cone-shaped cavity structure, and an air quantity equalizing air outlet is formed in the outer side surface of the circular truncated cone-shaped cavity structure; the air quantity sharing air outlet is axially arranged and is rectangular.

Preferably, the tail end of the horizontal extension pipeline is an air outlet, the horizontal extension pipeline is arranged at the upper part of the lower-layer stepped sieve plate and is parallel to the lower-layer stepped sieve plate, and the height of the horizontal extension pipeline is not higher than that of the upper-layer stepped sieve plate adjacent to the lower-layer stepped sieve plate; the air outlet setting in the terminal back lower part of adjacent upper ladder sieve, the shape of air outlet is the rectangle, rectangular minor face length is not more than the height between the adjacent two-layer ladder sieve, rectangular long limit is not more than the width of ladder sieve.

Preferably, the front end of the stepped sieve plate is provided with a material baffle plate which is integrated with the stepped sieve plate.

Preferably, the fan, the compensation air pipeline and the plurality of branch pipelines are arranged outside the shell, and the air quantity sharing device is arranged between the shell and the vibrating screening box; and the branch pipeline is provided with an air volume distribution valve for controlling the air volume.

A sorting method of a vibratory separator, comprising the steps of:

step 1: starting a vibration motor and a fan;

step 2: materials to be screened enter the top-layer stepped sieve plate from the feeding hole, the materials can be uniformly spread by the continuous vibration of the vibration motor, and the materials enter the lower-layer stepped sieve plate from the upper-layer stepped sieve plate in a directional and stable manner;

and step 3: the fan conveys wind into the branch pipelines through the compensation wind pipeline, the wind quantity is uniformly supplied into the wind blowing part through the wind quantity sharing device, and stable wind is continuously supplied through the wind outlet to blow gaps formed between adjacent stepped sieve plates;

and 4, step 4: in the blowing process, light materials are discharged from the gap along with wind, and heavy materials continuously move along with the direction of the lower-layer stepped sieve plate arranged in a stepped manner; in the process of moving the upper-layer stepped sieve plate into the lower-layer stepped sieve plate, the corresponding back blowing units continuously and hierarchically blow materials;

and 5: the heavy materials enter the heavy material outlet from the stepped sieve plate at the bottommost layer to be discharged and collected;

step 6: after the material to be screened enters the stepped sieve plate, part of dust passes through the stepped sieve plate and the physical sieve plate under the action of self gravity and enters a powdery material outlet;

and 7: responding and blowing a gap formed between the adjacent stepped sieve plates by the back blowing unit, wherein the traveling direction of the light materials is opposite to that of the heavy materials;

the light materials comprise light drifts, unscreened dust in the step six, materials with large density and small volume and materials with small density and large volume;

and 8: the reverse blowing unit continuously acts on the light drifted objects, the advancing direction of the light drifted objects enters the settling tank from the air inlet, the light drifted objects are blocked by the intercepting chain and then are discharged from the light drifted object outlet, and the air of the reverse blowing unit is discharged from the air return channel;

and step 9: unscreened dust, materials with high density and small volume and materials with low density and large volume enter the top of the physical sieve plate from the opposite direction of the heavy materials due to the action of self gravity, the materials are sieved in the vibration process of the physical sieve plate, and the unscreened dust and the materials with high density and small volume pass through the physical sieve plate to enter a powdery material outlet and are discharged;

step 10: the materials with small density and large volume are moved to the light material outlet from the top of the physical sieve plate and discharged in the vibration separation process of the physical sieve plate.

According to the vibrating separator and the separating method manufactured according to the scheme, the separation of heavy materials and light materials in domestic garbage or building garbage is realized through the combination of the stepped sieve plate and the back blowing unit, and the defect that the traditional heavy materials and light materials run in the same direction is overcome; meanwhile, planned advancing and convenient recycling of the light drifts are realized by combining the settling box with the return air channel and the intercepting chain after sorting, the design is ingenious and reasonable, the vibration unit can be effectively avoided, and a foundation is laid for stable operation of equipment and effective prolonging of the service life of the equipment; the materials with large density and small volume and the materials with small density and large volume can be effectively separated by combining the physical sieve plate after the separation, so that the defects that the materials of the two cannot be effectively separated due to overlarge air volume and incomplete air separation due to undersize air volume in the prior art are overcome; the material sorting machine has the characteristics of reasonable structure setting, convenience in operation, capability of effectively sorting materials, good sorting effect, low requirement on operators, low cleaning and maintaining strength, capability of ensuring normal operation of equipment and effectively prolonging the service life of the equipment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the vibratory screening box of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship between the air outlet and the stepped sieve plate in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the back blowing unit and the step sieve plate according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the air quantity equalizing device in the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout. For the sake of simplicity, only the parts relevant to the invention are schematically shown in the drawings, and they do not represent the actual structure as a product.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the present invention is a vibratory separator, which includes a casing 23, a vibratory screening box 24 for separating heavy materials, light materials, and light flotage is disposed inside the casing 23, and a settling box 25 communicated with the vibratory screening box 24 and used for recovering the light flotage is disposed on one side of the casing 23; a plurality of stepped sieve plates 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box 24, and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent stepped sieve plates 1; an air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of stepped sieve plate 1 and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates 1; the physical sieve plate 12 is arranged at the corresponding position of the bottom of the plurality of layers of the stepped sieve plates 1; the settling tank 25 is arranged on the side opposite to the air outlet 8 of the reverse blowing unit. According to the invention, the arrangement of the plurality of layers of stepped sieve plates 1 and the back blowing unit can realize effective separation of heavy materials and light materials, the settling box 25 is used for recovering light floating materials, and the physical sieve plate 12 is used for further separating materials with large volume and small volume, so that the purposes that the heavy materials and the light materials move in the same direction and the heavy materials and the light materials cannot be effectively separated are avoided. Specifically, the separation of heavy materials and light materials can be realized through the cooperation of a plurality of layers of stepped sieve plates 1 and a back blowing unit, the light materials are separated, the light materials move along the wind direction, and the light materials and the heavy materials with smaller volume enter a physical sieve plate 12 for sieving, so that the effective separation of household garbage and construction garbage is realized; through arranging a plurality of layers of stepped sieve plates 1, gaps are formed between adjacent stepped sieve plates 1, so that an air outlet 8 of a back blowing unit can conveniently carry out air separation on falling materials, the running directions of light materials and heavy materials are opposite, and the aim of effectively screening the materials is fulfilled; the multi-stage separation device is provided with the plurality of back blowing units to realize the multi-stage separation, materials can be uniformly spread in the screening process of the plurality of layers of stepped sieve plates 1 and can uniformly, stably and directionally enter the lower layer of stepped sieve plates 1 from the upper layer of stepped sieve plates 1, and the air outlet 8 continuously supplies stable air in the process, so that light materials are discharged from gaps, and the light materials and heavy materials are separated. The continuous and stable wind can convey light substances with large volume and heavy substances with small volume into the physical sieve plate 12, oversize materials in the physical sieve plate 12 are light substances with large volume, and undersize materials in the physical sieve plate 12 are powdery materials or heavy substances with small volume. The household garbage and the construction garbage can be effectively classified through the arrangement; in addition, it should be noted that when the present invention works, the air outlet 8 continuously supplies stable wind energy to clean the light drift object traveling region, so as to maintain the normal operation of the equipment and prolong the service life of the equipment.

Further, the vibration screening box 24 is connected with a vibration exciter 26 of the vibration unit, and the vibration exciter 26 is arranged in a non-light drift object traveling region of the vibration screening box 24; the light drift traveling zone is composed of the outer side of the stepped sieve plate 1, the top of the physical sieve plate 12 and the air inlet 27 of the settling tank 25. The vibration unit is arranged in the non-light-floating object traveling area, so that the safety problem caused by the fact that the light-floating objects are wound on the vibration unit is avoided on the premise that the back blowing unit continuously supplies air.

Furthermore, two sides of the shell 23 are respectively provided with a vibration damping support unit, the vibration damping support unit comprises a lower support 18, a vibration damping spring 19 and an upper support 20, wherein the upper support 20 on one side is connected with a vibration screening box 24, the upper support 20 on the other side is provided with a vibration unit connected with the vibration screening box 24, the vibration unit comprises a vibration exciter 26 connected with the vibration screening box 24, and the vibration exciter 26 is connected with a vibration motor 21 with a motor base through a transmission shaft 22; the plurality of vibration exciters 26 are arranged at the upper part parallel to the air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit and the lower part of the physical sieve plate 12, but not limited to the above positions. The vibration reduction support unit is used for reducing vibration of the vibration screening box 24, so that the service life of relevant equipment is ensured; meanwhile, the vibration exciters 26 in the invention can be one, two, three or four, and the like, and can be selectively arranged on the upper part of the air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit in parallel, or can be selectively arranged on the lower part of the physical sieve plate 12 in parallel, or part of the vibration exciters is arranged on the upper part of the air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit in parallel, and the other part of the vibration exciters is arranged on the lower part of the physical sieve plate 12; the above combinations are within the scope of the present invention; the position is any position between the inner side of the stepped screen plate 1 and the inner wall of the vibrating screening box 24, or an upper part which is not parallel to the air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit.

Furthermore, the bottom of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a powdery material outlet 13 communicated with the shell 23, the top of the top-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a feed inlet 14 communicated with the shell 23, the lower part of the tail end of the bottom-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a heavy material outlet 15 communicated with the shell 23, and the lower part of the tail end of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a light material outlet 16 communicated with the shell 23; an air inlet 27 communicated with the side part of the winnowing vibration screening box 24 is arranged at one side of the settling box 25, an air return channel 28 is arranged at the other side of the settling box 25, and a light floater outlet 17 is arranged at the bottom of the settling box 25; a plurality of groups of intercepting chains 29 are arranged between the air inlet 27 and the return air channel 28. The physical sieve plate 12 is used for separating materials with large density, small volume and small density and large volume in light materials, the materials with large density and small volume mainly comprise small concrete, small stone, small fruit and the like, and the materials with small density and large volume mainly comprise wood blocks, plastic blocks and the like. In addition, dust particles and materials with large density and small volume which are sieved by the stepped sieve plate 1 or acted by a back blowing unit enter the physical sieve plate 12 to become undersize materials of the physical sieve plate 12, and the undersize materials are discharged from the powdery material outlet 13; the material with small density and large volume passes through the top of the physical sieve plate 12 and is discharged from the light material outlet 16; the light drifted objects under the action of the back blowing unit enter the settling tank 25 through the light drifted object traveling region, are intercepted by the intercepting chain 29 and then are discharged through the light drifted object outlet 17, so that the light drifted objects are prevented from being wound with the vibration or rotation part of the equipment; the light floater is a plastic bag and the like. Heavy materials which cannot be separated under the action of the back blowing unit are discharged from a heavy material outlet 15 at the lower part of the tail end of the bottom layer stepped sieve plate 1.

Furthermore, the back blowing unit comprises a fan 3, the fan 3 is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines 4 through a compensation air pipeline 2, and the plurality of branch pipelines 4 are respectively connected with corresponding air quantity sharing devices 5; the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device 5 is connected with the air blowing part; the blowing part comprises an inclined pipeline 6 communicated with the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device 5, and the tail end of the inclined pipeline 6 is communicated with a horizontal extending pipeline 7.

The compensation air pipeline 2 provides air quantity for a plurality of branch pipelines 4, and the branch pipelines 4 supply air for the corresponding air quantity equipartition devices 5 so as to realize the effect of multistage stable winnowing. The inclined pipeline 6 and the horizontal extension pipeline 7 can be of an integral structure and can also be of a split structure; in order to ensure the reasonability of the structural layout of the sorting device, the invention is provided with the air quantity sharing device 5 to achieve the aim of uniform air quantity supply, and is also provided with the characteristics that the air blowing part can reduce the distance between the adjacent stepped sieve plates 1, prevent materials from splashing and save the internal space of the vibrating sorting device.

Further, the air quantity equipartition device 5 is a circular truncated cone-shaped cavity structure, the lower bottom of the circular truncated cone-shaped cavity structure is communicated with the branch pipe 4, the cross section area of the lower bottom of the circular truncated cone-shaped cavity structure is larger than that of the upper bottom of the circular truncated cone-shaped cavity structure, and an air quantity equipartition air outlet 9 is formed in the outer side face of the circular truncated cone-shaped cavity structure; the air quantity sharing air outlet 9 is axially arranged and is shaped like a rectangular air outlet. The adjustment of the air quantity can be realized by arranging the circular truncated cone type cavity structure, and the stable air with stable air quantity is supplied to the air blowing part, so that the aim of effective screening is fulfilled. In the lower bottom with the larger cross section area in the branch pipeline 4 and the round platform type cavity structure, when the wind in the branch pipeline 4 gradually moves from the lower bottom of the round platform type cavity structure to the upper bottom of the round platform type cavity structure, the conical section correspondingly and continuously reduces in the moving process, and the whole wind output of the rectangular air outlet is ensured to be basically consistent.

Furthermore, the tail end of the horizontal extension pipeline 7 is provided with an air outlet 8, the horizontal extension pipeline 7 is arranged at the upper part of the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1 and is arranged in parallel with the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1, and the height of the horizontal extension pipeline is not higher than that of the upper-layer stepped sieve plate 1 adjacent to the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1; air outlet 8 set up in the terminal back lower part of adjacent upper ladder sieve 1, air outlet 8's shape is the rectangle, rectangular minor face length is not more than the height between the adjacent two-layer ladder sieve 1, rectangular long limit is not more than the width of ladder sieve 1. The position of the air outlet 8 is specifically limited through the structure, so that the air outlet 8 and the layout between the upper-layer stepped sieve plate 1 and the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is more reasonable, and the screening of light materials can be effectively realized in the process of not influencing the screening of heavy materials.

Furthermore, the front end of the stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a material baffle plate 10 which is integrated with the stepped sieve plate 1. Vibration air separator all generally adopts reciprocating vibration's form, can avoid the heavy material on the ladder sieve 1 to export one side discharge by light material through setting up striker plate 10 to influence screening effect.

Further, the fan 3, the compensating air duct 2 and the plurality of branch ducts 4 are arranged outside the shell 23, and the air quantity sharing device 5 is arranged between the shell 23 and the vibrating screening box 24; and the branch pipeline 4 is provided with an air volume distribution valve 11 for controlling the air volume. The fan 3, the compensating air pipeline 2, the plurality of branch pipelines 4 and the air quantity equipartition device 5 are arranged outside the vibration screening box, so that the arrangement inside the vibration screening box is convenient, and the influence on the service life of the vibration screening box due to vibration is prevented; the air quantity of the winnowing equipment with different heights can be effectively controlled by arranging the air quantity blending valve 11, so that the winnowing effect is improved.

A sorting method of a vibratory separator, comprising the steps of:

step 1: starting the vibration motor 21 and the fan 3;

step 2: materials to be screened enter the top-layer stepped sieve plate 1 from the feeding hole 14, the materials can be uniformly spread by the continuous vibration of the vibration motor 21, and the materials enter the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1 from the upper-layer stepped sieve plate 1 in a directional and stable manner;

and step 3: the fan 3 conveys air into the branch pipelines 4 through the compensation air pipeline 2, the air quantity is supplied into the air blowing part after being made uniform by the air quantity equalizing device 5, and stable air is continuously supplied through the air outlet 8 to blow gaps formed between the adjacent stepped sieve plates 1;

and 4, step 4: in the blowing process, light materials are discharged from the gap along with wind, and heavy materials continuously move along with the direction of the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1 arranged in a stepped manner; in the process of moving, when the upper-layer stepped sieve plate 1 enters the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1, the corresponding back blowing units continuously and hierarchically blow materials;

and 5: the heavy materials enter the heavy material outlet 15 from the stepped sieve plate 1 at the bottommost layer to be discharged and collected;

step 6: after the material to be screened enters the stepped sieve plate 1, part of dust passes through the stepped sieve plate 1 and the physical sieve plate 12 under the action of self gravity and enters a powdery material outlet 13;

and 7: responding and back blowing units to blow gaps formed between adjacent stepped sieve plates 1, wherein the traveling direction of light materials is opposite to that of heavy materials;

and 8: the reverse blowing unit continuously acts on the light drifted objects, so that the advancing direction of the light drifted objects enters the settling tank 25 from the air inlet 27, the light drifted objects are blocked by the interception chain 29 and then are discharged from the light drifted object outlet 17, and the air of the reverse blowing unit is discharged from the air return channel 28;

and step 9: unscreened dust, materials with high density and small volume and materials with low density and large volume enter the top of the physical sieve plate 12 from the opposite direction of the heavy materials due to the action of self gravity, the materials are sieved in the vibration process of the physical sieve plate 12, and the unscreened dust and the materials with high density and small volume pass through the physical sieve plate 12 to enter the powdery material outlet 13 and are discharged;

step 10: the dense and voluminous material advances from the top of the physical screen deck 12 to the light material outlet 16 and is discharged during vibratory sorting of the physical screen deck 12.

The invention is suitable for sorting domestic garbage or construction garbage, realizes the sorting of heavy materials and light materials in the domestic garbage or construction garbage through the combination of the stepped sieve plate 1 and the back-blowing unit, and abandons the defect that the traditional heavy materials and light materials run in the same direction; meanwhile, planned advancing and convenient recycling of the light drifts are realized by combining the settling tank 25 with the return air channel 28 and the intercepting chain 29 after sorting, so that the design is ingenious and reasonable, the vibration unit can be effectively avoided, and a foundation is laid for stable operation of equipment and effective prolonging of the service life of the equipment; further, the materials with large density and small volume and the materials with small density and large volume can be effectively separated by combining the physical sieve plate 12 after the separation, so that the defects that the materials of the two cannot be effectively separated due to overlarge air quantity and the air quantity is too small and the air separation is incomplete in the prior art are avoided; the material sorting machine has the characteristics of reasonable structure setting, convenience in operation, capability of effectively sorting materials, good sorting effect, low requirement on operators, low cleaning and maintaining strength, capability of ensuring normal operation of equipment and effectively prolonging the service life of the equipment. In addition, the shell 23 and the settling tank 25 in the invention can be arranged at the top of the bottom frame 30 at the same time, so that the structures of the shell and the settling tank are more stable, the transportation, the use and the installation of equipment are convenient, and the purpose of reasonable layout is achieved.

The present invention will now be further illustrated with reference to examples in order to explain the present invention in more detail. The specific embodiment is as follows:

example one

A vibration separator comprises a shell 23, a vibration screening box 24 used for separating heavy materials, light materials and light drifts is arranged in the shell 23, and a settling box 25 communicated with the vibration screening box 24 and used for recovering the light drifts is arranged on one side of the shell 23; a plurality of stepped sieve plates 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box 24, and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent stepped sieve plates 1; an air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of stepped sieve plate 1 and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates 1; the physical sieve plate 12 is arranged at the corresponding position of the bottom of the plurality of layers of the stepped sieve plates 1; the settling tank 25 is arranged on the side opposite to the air outlet 8 of the reverse blowing unit.

Example two

A vibration separator comprises a shell 23, a vibration screening box 24 used for separating heavy materials, light materials and light drifts is arranged in the shell 23, and a settling box 25 communicated with the vibration screening box 24 and used for recovering the light drifts is arranged on one side of the shell 23; a plurality of stepped sieve plates 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box 24, and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent stepped sieve plates 1; an air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of stepped sieve plate 1 and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates 1; the physical sieve plate 12 is arranged at the corresponding position of the bottom of the plurality of layers of the stepped sieve plates 1; the settling tank 25 is arranged on the side opposite to the air outlet 8 of the reverse blowing unit. The vibration screening box 24 is connected with a vibration exciter 26 of the vibration unit, and the vibration exciter 26 is arranged in a non-light drift object traveling area of the vibration screening box 24; the light drift traveling zone is composed of the outer side of the stepped sieve plate 1, the top of the physical sieve plate 12 and the air inlet 27 of the settling tank 25.

EXAMPLE III

A vibration separator comprises a shell 23, a vibration screening box 24 used for separating heavy materials, light materials and light drifts is arranged in the shell 23, and a settling box 25 communicated with the vibration screening box 24 and used for recovering the light drifts is arranged on one side of the shell 23; a plurality of stepped sieve plates 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box 24, and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent stepped sieve plates 1; an air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of stepped sieve plate 1 and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates 1; the physical sieve plate 12 is arranged at the corresponding position of the bottom of the plurality of layers of the stepped sieve plates 1; the settling tank 25 is arranged on the side opposite to the air outlet 8 of the reverse blowing unit. The vibration screening box 24 is connected with a vibration exciter 26 of the vibration unit, and the vibration exciter 26 is arranged in a non-light drift object traveling area of the vibration screening box 24; the light drift traveling zone is composed of the outer side of the stepped sieve plate 1, the top of the physical sieve plate 12 and the air inlet 27 of the settling tank 25. The vibration screening device is characterized in that vibration damping support units are respectively arranged on two sides of the shell 23 and comprise a lower support 18, a vibration damping spring 19 and an upper support 20, wherein the upper support 20 on one side is connected with a vibration screening box 24, the upper support 20 on the other side is provided with a vibration unit connected with the vibration screening box 24, the vibration unit comprises a vibration exciter 26 connected with the vibration screening box 24, and the vibration exciter 26 is connected with a vibration motor 21 with a motor base through a transmission shaft 22; the plurality of vibration exciters 26 are arranged at the upper part parallel to the air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit and the lower part of the physical sieve plate 12, but not limited to the above positions.

Example four

A vibration separator comprises a shell 23, a vibration screening box 24 used for separating heavy materials, light materials and light drifts is arranged in the shell 23, and a settling box 25 communicated with the vibration screening box 24 and used for recovering the light drifts is arranged on one side of the shell 23; a plurality of stepped sieve plates 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box 24, and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent stepped sieve plates 1; an air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of stepped sieve plate 1 and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates 1; the physical sieve plate 12 is arranged at the corresponding position of the bottom of the plurality of layers of the stepped sieve plates 1; the settling tank 25 is arranged on the side opposite to the air outlet 8 of the reverse blowing unit. The vibration screening box 24 is connected with a vibration exciter 26 of the vibration unit, and the vibration exciter 26 is arranged in a non-light drift object traveling area of the vibration screening box 24; the light drift traveling zone is composed of the outer side of the stepped sieve plate 1, the top of the physical sieve plate 12 and the air inlet 27 of the settling tank 25. The vibration screening device is characterized in that vibration damping support units are respectively arranged on two sides of the shell 23 and comprise a lower support 18, a vibration damping spring 19 and an upper support 20, wherein the upper support 20 on one side is connected with a vibration screening box 24, the upper support 20 on the other side is provided with a vibration unit connected with the vibration screening box 24, the vibration unit comprises a vibration exciter 26 connected with the vibration screening box 24, and the vibration exciter 26 is connected with a vibration motor 21 with a motor base through a transmission shaft 22; the plurality of vibration exciters 26 are arranged at the upper part parallel to the air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit and the lower part of the physical sieve plate 12, but not limited to the above positions. The bottom of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a powdery material outlet 13 communicated with the shell 23, the top of the top-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a feed inlet 14 communicated with the shell 23, the lower part of the tail end of the bottom-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a heavy material outlet 15 communicated with the shell 23, and the lower part of the tail end of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a light material outlet 16 communicated with the shell 23; an air inlet 27 communicated with the side part of the winnowing vibration screening box 24 is arranged at one side of the settling box 25, an air return channel 28 is arranged at the other side of the settling box 25, and a light floater outlet 17 is arranged at the bottom of the settling box 25; a plurality of groups of intercepting chains 29 are arranged between the air inlet 27 and the return air channel 28.

EXAMPLE five

A vibration separator comprises a shell 23, a vibration screening box 24 used for separating heavy materials, light materials and light drifts is arranged in the shell 23, and a settling box 25 communicated with the vibration screening box 24 and used for recovering the light drifts is arranged on one side of the shell 23; a plurality of stepped sieve plates 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box 24, and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent stepped sieve plates 1; an air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of stepped sieve plate 1 and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates 1; the physical sieve plate 12 is arranged at the corresponding position of the bottom of the plurality of layers of the stepped sieve plates 1; the settling tank 25 is arranged on the side opposite to the air outlet 8 of the reverse blowing unit. The vibration screening box 24 is connected with a vibration exciter 26 of the vibration unit, and the vibration exciter 26 is arranged in a non-light drift object traveling area of the vibration screening box 24; the light drift traveling zone is composed of the outer side of the stepped sieve plate 1, the top of the physical sieve plate 12 and the air inlet 27 of the settling tank 25. The vibration screening device is characterized in that vibration damping support units are respectively arranged on two sides of the shell 23 and comprise a lower support 18, a vibration damping spring 19 and an upper support 20, wherein the upper support 20 on one side is connected with a vibration screening box 24, the upper support 20 on the other side is provided with a vibration unit connected with the vibration screening box 24, the vibration unit comprises a vibration exciter 26 connected with the vibration screening box 24, and the vibration exciter 26 is connected with a vibration motor 21 with a motor base through a transmission shaft 22; the plurality of vibration exciters 26 are arranged at the upper part parallel to the air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit and the lower part of the physical sieve plate 12, but not limited to the above positions. The bottom of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a powdery material outlet 13 communicated with the shell 23, the top of the top-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a feed inlet 14 communicated with the shell 23, the lower part of the tail end of the bottom-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a heavy material outlet 15 communicated with the shell 23, and the lower part of the tail end of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a light material outlet 16 communicated with the shell 23; an air inlet 27 communicated with the side part of the winnowing vibration screening box 24 is arranged at one side of the settling box 25, an air return channel 28 is arranged at the other side of the settling box 25, and a light floater outlet 17 is arranged at the bottom of the settling box 25; a plurality of groups of intercepting chains 29 are arranged between the air inlet 27 and the return air channel 28. The back blowing unit comprises a fan 3, the fan 3 is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines 4 through a compensation air pipeline 2, and the plurality of branch pipelines 4 are respectively connected with corresponding air quantity sharing devices 5; the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device 5 is connected with the air blowing part; the blowing part comprises an inclined pipeline 6 communicated with the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device 5, and the tail end of the inclined pipeline 6 is communicated with a horizontal extending pipeline 7.

EXAMPLE six

A vibration separator comprises a shell 23, a vibration screening box 24 used for separating heavy materials, light materials and light drifts is arranged in the shell 23, and a settling box 25 communicated with the vibration screening box 24 and used for recovering the light drifts is arranged on one side of the shell 23; a plurality of stepped sieve plates 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box 24, and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent stepped sieve plates 1; an air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of stepped sieve plate 1 and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates 1; the physical sieve plate 12 is arranged at the corresponding position of the bottom of the plurality of layers of the stepped sieve plates 1; the settling tank 25 is arranged on the side opposite to the air outlet 8 of the reverse blowing unit. The vibration screening box 24 is connected with a vibration exciter 26 of the vibration unit, and the vibration exciter 26 is arranged in a non-light drift object traveling area of the vibration screening box 24; the light drift traveling zone is composed of the outer side of the stepped sieve plate 1, the top of the physical sieve plate 12 and the air inlet 27 of the settling tank 25. The vibration screening device is characterized in that vibration damping support units are respectively arranged on two sides of the shell 23 and comprise a lower support 18, a vibration damping spring 19 and an upper support 20, wherein the upper support 20 on one side is connected with a vibration screening box 24, the upper support 20 on the other side is provided with a vibration unit connected with the vibration screening box 24, the vibration unit comprises a vibration exciter 26 connected with the vibration screening box 24, and the vibration exciter 26 is connected with a vibration motor 21 with a motor base through a transmission shaft 22; the plurality of vibration exciters 26 are arranged at the upper part parallel to the air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit and the lower part of the physical sieve plate 12, but not limited to the above positions. The bottom of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a powdery material outlet 13 communicated with the shell 23, the top of the top-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a feed inlet 14 communicated with the shell 23, the lower part of the tail end of the bottom-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a heavy material outlet 15 communicated with the shell 23, and the lower part of the tail end of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a light material outlet 16 communicated with the shell 23; an air inlet 27 communicated with the side part of the winnowing vibration screening box 24 is arranged at one side of the settling box 25, an air return channel 28 is arranged at the other side of the settling box 25, and a light floater outlet 17 is arranged at the bottom of the settling box 25; a plurality of groups of intercepting chains 29 are arranged between the air inlet 27 and the return air channel 28. The back blowing unit comprises a fan 3, the fan 3 is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines 4 through a compensation air pipeline 2, and the plurality of branch pipelines 4 are respectively connected with corresponding air quantity sharing devices 5; the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device 5 is connected with the air blowing part; the blowing part comprises an inclined pipeline 6 communicated with the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device 5, and the tail end of the inclined pipeline 6 is communicated with a horizontal extending pipeline 7. The air quantity equipartition device 5 is a round table type cavity structure, the lower bottom of the round table type cavity structure is communicated with the branch pipeline 4, the cross section area of the lower bottom of the round table type cavity structure is larger than that of the upper bottom of the round table type cavity structure, and an air quantity equipartition air outlet 9 is formed in the outer side surface of the round table type cavity structure; the air quantity sharing air outlet 9 is axially arranged and is shaped like a rectangular air outlet.

EXAMPLE seven

A vibration separator comprises a shell 23, a vibration screening box 24 used for separating heavy materials, light materials and light drifts is arranged in the shell 23, and a settling box 25 communicated with the vibration screening box 24 and used for recovering the light drifts is arranged on one side of the shell 23; a plurality of stepped sieve plates 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box 24, and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent stepped sieve plates 1; an air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of stepped sieve plate 1 and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates 1; the physical sieve plate 12 is arranged at the corresponding position of the bottom of the plurality of layers of the stepped sieve plates 1; the settling tank 25 is arranged on the side opposite to the air outlet 8 of the reverse blowing unit. The vibration screening box 24 is connected with a vibration exciter 26 of the vibration unit, and the vibration exciter 26 is arranged in a non-light drift object traveling area of the vibration screening box 24; the light drift traveling zone is composed of the outer side of the stepped sieve plate 1, the top of the physical sieve plate 12 and the air inlet 27 of the settling tank 25. The vibration screening device is characterized in that vibration damping support units are respectively arranged on two sides of the shell 23 and comprise a lower support 18, a vibration damping spring 19 and an upper support 20, wherein the upper support 20 on one side is connected with a vibration screening box 24, the upper support 20 on the other side is provided with a vibration unit connected with the vibration screening box 24, the vibration unit comprises a vibration exciter 26 connected with the vibration screening box 24, and the vibration exciter 26 is connected with a vibration motor 21 with a motor base through a transmission shaft 22; the plurality of vibration exciters 26 are arranged at the upper part parallel to the air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit and the lower part of the physical sieve plate 12, but not limited to the above positions. The bottom of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a powdery material outlet 13 communicated with the shell 23, the top of the top-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a feed inlet 14 communicated with the shell 23, the lower part of the tail end of the bottom-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a heavy material outlet 15 communicated with the shell 23, and the lower part of the tail end of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a light material outlet 16 communicated with the shell 23; an air inlet 27 communicated with the side part of the winnowing vibration screening box 24 is arranged at one side of the settling box 25, an air return channel 28 is arranged at the other side of the settling box 25, and a light floater outlet 17 is arranged at the bottom of the settling box 25; a plurality of groups of intercepting chains 29 are arranged between the air inlet 27 and the return air channel 28. The back blowing unit comprises a fan 3, the fan 3 is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines 4 through a compensation air pipeline 2, and the plurality of branch pipelines 4 are respectively connected with corresponding air quantity sharing devices 5; the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device 5 is connected with the air blowing part; the blowing part comprises an inclined pipeline 6 communicated with the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device 5, and the tail end of the inclined pipeline 6 is communicated with a horizontal extending pipeline 7. The air quantity equipartition device 5 is a round table type cavity structure, the lower bottom of the round table type cavity structure is communicated with the branch pipeline 4, the cross section area of the lower bottom of the round table type cavity structure is larger than that of the upper bottom of the round table type cavity structure, and an air quantity equipartition air outlet 9 is formed in the outer side surface of the round table type cavity structure; the air quantity sharing air outlet 9 is axially arranged and is shaped like a rectangular air outlet. The tail end of the horizontal extension pipeline 7 is provided with an air outlet 8, the horizontal extension pipeline 7 is arranged at the upper part of the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1 and is arranged in parallel with the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1, and the height of the horizontal extension pipeline is not higher than that of the upper-layer stepped sieve plate 1 adjacent to the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1; air outlet 8 set up in the terminal back lower part of adjacent upper ladder sieve 1, air outlet 8's shape is the rectangle, rectangular minor face length is not more than the height between the adjacent two-layer ladder sieve 1, rectangular long limit is not more than the width of ladder sieve 1.

Example eight

A vibration separator comprises a shell 23, a vibration screening box 24 used for separating heavy materials, light materials and light drifts is arranged in the shell 23, and a settling box 25 communicated with the vibration screening box 24 and used for recovering the light drifts is arranged on one side of the shell 23; a plurality of stepped sieve plates 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box 24, and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent stepped sieve plates 1; an air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of stepped sieve plate 1 and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates 1; the physical sieve plate 12 is arranged at the corresponding position of the bottom of the plurality of layers of the stepped sieve plates 1; the settling tank 25 is arranged on the side opposite to the air outlet 8 of the reverse blowing unit. The vibration screening box 24 is connected with a vibration exciter 26 of the vibration unit, and the vibration exciter 26 is arranged in a non-light drift object traveling area of the vibration screening box 24; the light drift traveling zone is composed of the outer side of the stepped sieve plate 1, the top of the physical sieve plate 12 and the air inlet 27 of the settling tank 25. The vibration screening device is characterized in that vibration damping support units are respectively arranged on two sides of the shell 23 and comprise a lower support 18, a vibration damping spring 19 and an upper support 20, wherein the upper support 20 on one side is connected with a vibration screening box 24, the upper support 20 on the other side is provided with a vibration unit connected with the vibration screening box 24, the vibration unit comprises a vibration exciter 26 connected with the vibration screening box 24, and the vibration exciter 26 is connected with a vibration motor 21 with a motor base through a transmission shaft 22; the plurality of vibration exciters 26 are arranged at the upper part parallel to the air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit and the lower part of the physical sieve plate 12, but not limited to the above positions. The bottom of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a powdery material outlet 13 communicated with the shell 23, the top of the top-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a feed inlet 14 communicated with the shell 23, the lower part of the tail end of the bottom-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a heavy material outlet 15 communicated with the shell 23, and the lower part of the tail end of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a light material outlet 16 communicated with the shell 23; an air inlet 27 communicated with the side part of the winnowing vibration screening box 24 is arranged at one side of the settling box 25, an air return channel 28 is arranged at the other side of the settling box 25, and a light floater outlet 17 is arranged at the bottom of the settling box 25; a plurality of groups of intercepting chains 29 are arranged between the air inlet 27 and the return air channel 28. The back blowing unit comprises a fan 3, the fan 3 is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines 4 through a compensation air pipeline 2, and the plurality of branch pipelines 4 are respectively connected with corresponding air quantity sharing devices 5; the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device 5 is connected with the air blowing part; the blowing part comprises an inclined pipeline 6 communicated with the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device 5, and the tail end of the inclined pipeline 6 is communicated with a horizontal extending pipeline 7. The air quantity equipartition device 5 is a round table type cavity structure, the lower bottom of the round table type cavity structure is communicated with the branch pipeline 4, the cross section area of the lower bottom of the round table type cavity structure is larger than that of the upper bottom of the round table type cavity structure, and an air quantity equipartition air outlet 9 is formed in the outer side surface of the round table type cavity structure; the air quantity sharing air outlet 9 is axially arranged and is shaped like a rectangular air outlet. The tail end of the horizontal extension pipeline 7 is provided with an air outlet 8, the horizontal extension pipeline 7 is arranged at the upper part of the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1 and is arranged in parallel with the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1, and the height of the horizontal extension pipeline is not higher than that of the upper-layer stepped sieve plate 1 adjacent to the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1; air outlet 8 set up in the terminal back lower part of adjacent upper ladder sieve 1, air outlet 8's shape is the rectangle, rectangular minor face length is not more than the height between the adjacent two-layer ladder sieve 1, rectangular long limit is not more than the width of ladder sieve 1. The front end of the stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a material baffle plate 10 which is integrated with the stepped sieve plate 1.

Example eight

A vibration separator comprises a shell 23, a vibration screening box 24 used for separating heavy materials, light materials and light drifts is arranged in the shell 23, and a settling box 25 communicated with the vibration screening box 24 and used for recovering the light drifts is arranged on one side of the shell 23; a plurality of stepped sieve plates 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box 24, and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent stepped sieve plates 1; an air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower layer of stepped sieve plate 1 and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates 1; the physical sieve plate 12 is arranged at the corresponding position of the bottom of the plurality of layers of the stepped sieve plates 1; the settling tank 25 is arranged on the side opposite to the air outlet 8 of the reverse blowing unit. The vibration screening box 24 is connected with a vibration exciter 26 of the vibration unit, and the vibration exciter 26 is arranged in a non-light drift object traveling area of the vibration screening box 24; the light drift traveling zone is composed of the outer side of the stepped sieve plate 1, the top of the physical sieve plate 12 and the air inlet 27 of the settling tank 25. The vibration screening device is characterized in that vibration damping support units are respectively arranged on two sides of the shell 23 and comprise a lower support 18, a vibration damping spring 19 and an upper support 20, wherein the upper support 20 on one side is connected with a vibration screening box 24, the upper support 20 on the other side is provided with a vibration unit connected with the vibration screening box 24, the vibration unit comprises a vibration exciter 26 connected with the vibration screening box 24, and the vibration exciter 26 is connected with a vibration motor 21 with a motor base through a transmission shaft 22; the plurality of vibration exciters 26 are arranged at the upper part parallel to the air outlet 8 of the back blowing unit and the lower part of the physical sieve plate 12, but not limited to the above positions. The bottom of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a powdery material outlet 13 communicated with the shell 23, the top of the top-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a feed inlet 14 communicated with the shell 23, the lower part of the tail end of the bottom-layer stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a heavy material outlet 15 communicated with the shell 23, and the lower part of the tail end of the physical sieve plate 12 is provided with a light material outlet 16 communicated with the shell 23; an air inlet 27 communicated with the side part of the winnowing vibration screening box 24 is arranged at one side of the settling box 25, an air return channel 28 is arranged at the other side of the settling box 25, and a light floater outlet 17 is arranged at the bottom of the settling box 25; a plurality of groups of intercepting chains 29 are arranged between the air inlet 27 and the return air channel 28. The back blowing unit comprises a fan 3, the fan 3 is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines 4 through a compensation air pipeline 2, and the plurality of branch pipelines 4 are respectively connected with corresponding air quantity sharing devices 5; the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device 5 is connected with the air blowing part; the blowing part comprises an inclined pipeline 6 communicated with the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device 5, and the tail end of the inclined pipeline 6 is communicated with a horizontal extending pipeline 7. The air quantity equipartition device 5 is a round table type cavity structure, the lower bottom of the round table type cavity structure is communicated with the branch pipeline 4, the cross section area of the lower bottom of the round table type cavity structure is larger than that of the upper bottom of the round table type cavity structure, and an air quantity equipartition air outlet 9 is formed in the outer side surface of the round table type cavity structure; the air quantity sharing air outlet 9 is axially arranged and is shaped like a rectangular air outlet. The tail end of the horizontal extension pipeline 7 is provided with an air outlet 8, the horizontal extension pipeline 7 is arranged at the upper part of the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1 and is arranged in parallel with the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1, and the height of the horizontal extension pipeline is not higher than that of the upper-layer stepped sieve plate 1 adjacent to the lower-layer stepped sieve plate 1; air outlet 8 set up in the terminal back lower part of adjacent upper ladder sieve 1, air outlet 8's shape is the rectangle, rectangular minor face length is not more than the height between the adjacent two-layer ladder sieve 1, rectangular long limit is not more than the width of ladder sieve 1. The front end of the stepped sieve plate 1 is provided with a material baffle plate 10 which is integrated with the stepped sieve plate 1. The fan 3, the compensating air pipeline 2 and the plurality of branch pipelines 4 are arranged outside the shell 23, and the air quantity sharing device 5 is arranged between the shell 23 and the vibrating screening box 24; and the branch pipeline 4 is provided with an air volume distribution valve 11 for controlling the air volume.

Example 10

A sorting method of a vibratory separator, comprising the steps of:

step 1: starting the vibration motor 21 and the fan 3;

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "connecting," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may, for example, be fixedly connected, integrally connected, or detachably connected; or communication between the interior of the two elements; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations. The above examples are merely illustrative of the feasible embodiments of the present invention and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments, modifications and alterations without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration separator is characterized by comprising a shell (23), wherein a vibration screening box (24) for separating heavy materials, light materials and light drifts is arranged in the shell (23), and a settling box (25) which is communicated with the vibration screening box (24) and used for recovering the light drifts is arranged on one side of the shell (23);

a plurality of layers of stepped sieve plates (1) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a stepped manner are arranged at the inner upper part of the vibrating screening box (24), and a back blowing unit is arranged between every two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates (1);

an air outlet (8) of the back blowing unit is arranged at the upper part of the lower-layer stepped sieve plate (1) and is used for winnowing materials between the two adjacent layers of stepped sieve plates (1);

the physical sieve plate (12) is arranged at the corresponding position of the bottom of the plurality of layers of the stepped sieve plates (1);

the settling tank (25) is arranged on one side opposite to the air outlet (8) of the back blowing unit.

2. A vibratory separator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said vibratory screening chamber (24) is connected to an exciter (26) of the vibratory unit, the exciter (26) being disposed in a non-flotage travel region of the vibratory screening chamber (24); the light floating object traveling area is composed of the outer side of the stepped sieve plate (1), the top of the physical sieve plate (12) and an air inlet (27) of the settling box (25).

3. The vibratory separator of claim 1, wherein the housing (23) is provided at both sides thereof with vibration damping bracket units respectively, the vibration damping bracket units comprising a lower bracket (18), a vibration damping spring (19) and an upper bracket (20), wherein the upper bracket (20) at one side is connected to the vibratory screening box (24), the upper bracket (20) at the other side is provided with a vibratory unit connected to the vibratory screening box (24), the vibratory unit comprises a vibration exciter (26) connected to the vibratory screening box (24), and the vibration exciter (26) is connected to a vibration motor (21) with a motor base through a transmission shaft (22);

the vibration exciters (26) are arranged on the upper part parallel to the air outlet (8) of the back blowing unit and on the lower part of the physical sieve plate (12).

4. The vibratory separator of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the physical sieve plate (12) is provided with a powdery material outlet (13) communicated with the shell (23), the top of the top-layer stepped sieve plate (1) is provided with a feed inlet (14) communicated with the shell (23), the lower end of the bottom-layer stepped sieve plate (1) is provided with a heavy material outlet (15) communicated with the shell (23), and the lower end of the physical sieve plate (12) is provided with a light material outlet (16) communicated with the shell (23); an air inlet (27) communicated with the side part of the winnowing vibration screening box (24) is arranged at one side of the settling box (25), an air return channel (28) is arranged at the other side of the settling box (25), and a light floater outlet (17) is arranged at the bottom of the settling box (25); a plurality of groups of intercepting chains (29) are arranged between the air inlet (27) and the air return channel (28).

5. A vibratory separator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said counter-blowing unit comprises a fan (3), said fan (3) being connected to a plurality of sub-ducts (4) via compensating ducts (2), said plurality of sub-ducts (4) being connected to respective air flow equalizing means (5);

the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device (5) is connected with the air blowing part; the blowing part comprises an inclined pipeline (6) communicated with the air outlet end of the air quantity sharing device (5), and the tail end of the inclined pipeline (6) is communicated with a horizontal extending pipeline (7).

6. The vibration separator according to claim 5, wherein the air quantity equalizing device (5) is a truncated cone-shaped cavity structure, the lower bottom of the truncated cone-shaped cavity structure is communicated with the branch pipe (4), the cross-sectional area of the lower bottom of the truncated cone-shaped cavity structure is larger than that of the upper bottom of the truncated cone-shaped cavity structure, and an air quantity equalizing air outlet (9) is formed in the outer side surface of the truncated cone-shaped cavity structure; the air quantity sharing air outlet (9) is axially arranged and is shaped like a rectangular air outlet.

7. A vibratory separator as claimed in claim 5 wherein the horizontally extending duct (7) terminates in an air outlet (8), the horizontally extending duct (7) being disposed above the lower deck (1) and parallel to the lower deck (1) and not higher than the upper deck (1) adjacent to the lower deck (1);

air outlet (8) set up in the terminal back lower part of adjacent upper ladder sieve (1), the shape of air outlet (8) is the rectangle, rectangular minor face length is not more than the height between the adjacent two-layer ladder sieve (1), rectangular long limit is not more than the width of ladder sieve (1).

8. The vibratory separator of claim 1, wherein the front end of the step sieve plate (1) is provided with a material baffle plate (10) which is integrated with the step sieve plate (1).

9. A vibratory separator as claimed in claim 5, wherein said fan (3), compensating air duct (2) and plurality of distribution ducts (4) are disposed outside said casing (23), and said air quantity equalizing means (5) is disposed between said casing (23) and said vibratory screening box (24);

and an air volume distribution valve (11) for controlling the air volume is arranged on the branch pipeline (4).

10. A sorting method of a vibratory sorting machine as claimed in claims 1-9, characterised in that the sorting method comprises the steps of:

step 1: starting a vibration motor (21) and a fan (3);

step 2: materials to be screened enter the top-layer stepped sieve plate (1) from the feeding hole (14), the materials can be uniformly spread by the continuous vibration of the vibration motor (21), and the materials enter the lower-layer stepped sieve plate (1) from the upper-layer stepped sieve plate (1) in a directional and stable manner;

and step 3: the fan (3) conveys air into the branch pipelines (4) through the compensation air pipeline (2), the air quantity is uniformly supplied into the air blowing part through the air quantity sharing device (5), and stable air is continuously supplied through the air outlet (8) to blow a gap formed between the adjacent stepped sieve plates (1);

and 4, step 4: in the blowing process, light materials are discharged from the gap along with wind, and heavy materials continuously move along with the direction of the lower-layer stepped sieve plate (1) arranged in a stepped manner; in the process of moving, when the upper-layer stepped sieve plate (1) enters the lower-layer stepped sieve plate (1), the corresponding back blowing units continuously and hierarchically blow materials;

and 5: the heavy materials enter a heavy material outlet (15) from the stepped sieve plate (1) at the bottommost layer to be discharged and collected;

step 6: after the material to be screened enters the stepped sieve plate (1), part of dust passes through the stepped sieve plate (1) and the physical sieve plate (12) under the action of self gravity and enters a powdery material outlet (13);

and 7: responding and back blowing units to blow gaps formed between adjacent stepped sieve plates (1), wherein the traveling direction of light materials is opposite to that of heavy materials;

and 8: the reverse blowing unit continuously acts on the light drifts, the advancing direction of the light drifts enters the settling tank (25) from the air inlet (27), the light drifts are blocked by the interception chain (29) and then discharged through the light drifts outlet (17), and the air of the reverse blowing unit is discharged through the air return channel (28);

and step 9: unscreened dust, materials with high density and small volume and materials with low density and large volume enter the top of the physical sieve plate (12) from the opposite traveling direction of the heavy materials under the action of self gravity, the materials are sieved in the vibration process of the physical sieve plate (12), and the unscreened dust and the materials with high density and small volume pass through the physical sieve plate (12) to enter a powdery material outlet (13) and are discharged;

step 10: the materials with small density and large volume are moved to the light material outlet (16) from the top of the physical sieve plate (12) and discharged in the vibration sorting process of the physical sieve plate (12).