CN111528460A - Method for preparing cubilose product - Google Patents
Method for preparing cubilose product Download PDFInfo
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- CN111528460A CN111528460A CN202010312518.4A CN202010312518A CN111528460A CN 111528460 A CN111528460 A CN 111528460A CN 202010312518 A CN202010312518 A CN 202010312518A CN 111528460 A CN111528460 A CN 111528460A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/26—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating
- A23L3/263—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating with corpuscular or ionising radiation, i.e. X, alpha, beta or omega radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
- A23L5/13—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying using water or steam
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nutriment preparation, and discloses a preparation method of a cubilose product, which comprises the following steps: (1) soaking nidus Collocaliae with pure water or food-grade hydrogen peroxide for 10-15 min; (2) manually removing swallow hair, cleaning with pure water, and dehydrating for 2-3 times; (3) drying the cubilose cleaned in the step (2) by blowing air for 2-8 hours; (4) weighing the dried cubilose in the step (3), independently subpackaging the cubilose in a nylon-coated PE (polyethylene) antistatic packaging bag or an aluminum film bag, and performing irradiation sterilization to obtain dry cubilose; (5) pouring the sterilized dry nidus Collocaliae into a bottle in clean environment, adding purified water, and heating for 5-10min to obtain nidus Collocaliae product. According to the preparation process, the soaked, cleaned and dried edible bird's nest is bagged and then is subjected to irradiation sterilization, the sterilization rate reaches over 99 percent, the good form of the edible bird's nest can be kept, the egg white taste is sufficient, the quality guarantee period of the edible bird's nest is prolonged, the quality guarantee period is over 24 months, the energy loss and the production cost are reduced, and the preparation process has the new characteristics of simple production process and practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nutriment preparation, in particular to a method for preparing a cubilose product.
Background
The bird's nest is a nest formed by mixing and coagulating saliva and down feather for swiftlet of the family of the delphinidae, is a traditional precious nutritional food material, and is found by modern medical research that the bird's nest contains water-soluble protein, carbohydrate, trace elements of calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, amino acid playing an important role in promoting human vitality, sialic acid and epidermal growth factor, wherein the sialic acid is also called as neuraminic acid and has physiological effects of improving the intelligence and memory of infants, resisting senile dementia, recognition and virus, improving the absorption of vitamins and minerals by intestinal tracts and the like. The nidus Collocaliae is nutritious, and has effects of invigorating qi, strengthening middle warmer, enhancing immunity, nourishing yin, moistening dryness, caring skin, and delaying aging.
The traditional edible method of the cubilose is to soak the cubilose in clear water for 4 to 10 hours, wash the cubilose after the cubilose is completely soaked, then pick up hair and remove impurities of the cubilose, and then stew the cubilose for 30 to 180 minutes with slow fire or water-proof, so that the cubilose can be eaten, and the whole preparation time is long, and the time and the labor are wasted. However, as the pace of life of people increases, the disadvantage that the traditional edible method of the cubilose takes longer time is more and more obvious. In recent years, many edible bird's nest products have been developed, and patent application CN101647561A discloses a production process of instant bird's nest, which comprises the following steps: firstly, taking dry edible bird's nest for microwave sterilization, taking the sterilized dry edible bird's nest and drinking water according to the weight ratio of 1: 10-20, soaking for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 65-75 ℃ of drinking water for later use; removing impurities and water from the soaked cubilose, and adding 3 parts by weight of drinking water; preheating in a stainless steel pan containing boiling water for 10-20 min, heating for 40 min, cooling, and packaging. Because the method still adopts a stewing mode similar to the traditional one, the time and the labor are consumed, the liquefaction of the edible bird nest is in positive correlation with the sterilization temperature and the sterilization time, and the traditional sterilization mode or the high-pressure damp-heat sterilization inevitably damages the shape of the edible bird nest, thereby affecting the taste and the nutrition. The microwave sterilization utilizes heat effect, the content is deteriorated after the sterilization time is long, particularly, the bird's nest which is a substance with high protein content restricts the microwave sterilization time from being too long, but the sterilization is not thorough after the microwave sterilization time is short, so that the possibility of breeding microorganisms is provided, the storage time of the product, namely the quality guarantee period, can be influenced finally, and although additives such as preservatives and the like can be added, the pursuit of natural health of human beings is not met.
Therefore, on the premise of ensuring that the taste and the appearance of the cubilose product are equivalent to those of the traditional stewed cubilose and not containing additives and preservatives, how to effectively keep the original natural biological nutrient components of the cubilose and achieve the good comprehensive effects of high quality, long shelf life, convenience in eating, safety, sanitation and high production efficiency is a subject to be further researched and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a preparation method of a cubilose product which is good in shape, high in quality, long in quality guarantee period, convenient to eat, safe, sanitary and high in production efficiency.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for preparing a cubilose product comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking nidus Collocaliae with pure water or food-grade hydrogen peroxide for 10-15 min;
(2) manually removing swallow hair, cleaning with pure water, and dehydrating for 2-3 times;
(3) drying the cubilose cleaned in the step (2) by blowing air for 2-8 hours;
(4) weighing the dried cubilose in the step (3), independently subpackaging the cubilose in a nylon-coated PE (polyethylene) antistatic packaging bag or an aluminum film bag, and performing irradiation sterilization to obtain dry cubilose;
(5) pouring the sterilized dry nidus Collocaliae into a bottle in clean environment, adding purified water, and heating for 5-10min to obtain nidus Collocaliae product.
Preferably, the food-grade hydrogen peroxide in the step (1) is diluted by 500 times.
Preferably, the forced air drying temperature of the step (3) is 70-90 ℃.
Preferably, the radiation sterilization in the step (4) is performed by using 60Co radioactive isotope, the radiation dose is 5-10KGy, and the sterilization time is 10-15 h; the shape and the quality guarantee period of the cubilose can be better guaranteed by adopting irradiation sterilization.
Preferably, the heating temperature in the step (5) is 105-110 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the cubilose preparation process, the cubilose after soaking, cleaning and drying treatment is bagged and then is subjected to irradiation sterilization, the sterilization rate reaches more than 99%, the good shape of the cubilose can be kept after sterilization, the quality guarantee period of the cubilose is effectively prolonged, the quality guarantee period of a prepared cubilose product is at least more than 24 months, and the quality guarantee period of a commercially available cubilose product is generally 3-6 months; the edible bird's nest products are also particularly convenient for family eating or factory production, and can be eaten only by pouring the sterilized bagged bird's nest into a container and adding water and heating for 5-10 min.
(2) The dry edible bird's nest obtained by putting the edible bird's nest into a nylon-coated PE anti-static packaging bag or an aluminum film bag and carrying out sterilization treatment is convenient to carry and convenient to produce or cook and eat at home.
(3) The cubilose product prepared by the method of the invention keeps the shape of cubilose, the egg white has abundant flavor, and the content of sialic acid and amino acid is high; the shape, the taste and the nutritional value of the edible bird's nest products on the market are much inferior to those of the edible bird's nest products.
(4) The preparation process of the cubilose adopts specific sterilization time and temperature, retains the original taste, quality and form on the basis of effectively retaining all functional components of the cubilose, reduces energy loss and production cost, and has the new characteristics of simple production process and practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the appearance of the product A of the present invention and the appearance of the product B of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the appearance of the bird's nest product A of the present invention and the bird's nest product (plum seven bird's nest) C decocted by the conventional method.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
A method for preparing a cubilose product comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking nidus Collocaliae with pure water for 15 min;
(2) manually removing swallow hair, cleaning with pure water, and dehydrating for 2-3 times;
(3) blowing and drying the cubilose cleaned in the step (2) for 8 hours at 70 ℃;
(4) weighing the dried edible bird's nest obtained in the step (3), separately subpackaging the edible bird's nest in a nylon-coated PE anti-static packaging bag, performing irradiation sterilization by adopting 60Co radioactive isotope with the irradiation dose of 5KGy, and sterilizing for 15h to obtain dry edible bird's nest;
(5) pouring the sterilized dry nidus Collocaliae into a bottle in clean environment, adding purified water, and heating at 105 deg.C for 10min to obtain nidus Collocaliae product.
Example 2
A method for preparing a cubilose product comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking nidus Collocaliae with 500 times of edible hydrogen peroxide diluent for 10 min;
(2) manually removing swallow hair, cleaning with pure water, and dehydrating for 2-3 times;
(3) blowing and drying the cubilose cleaned in the step (2) for 5 hours at 80 ℃;
(4) weighing the dried edible bird's nest obtained in the step (3), separately packaging in an aluminum film bag, performing irradiation sterilization by adopting a 60Co radioactive isotope with an irradiation dose of 6KGy, and sterilizing for 12h to obtain dry edible bird's nest;
(5) pouring the sterilized dry nidus Collocaliae into a bottle in clean environment, adding purified water, and heating at 108 deg.C for 6min to obtain nidus Collocaliae product.
Example 3
A method for preparing a cubilose product comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking nidus Collocaliae with 500 times of edible hydrogen peroxide diluent for 15 min;
(2) manually removing swallow hair, cleaning with pure water, and dehydrating for 2-3 times;
(3) blowing and drying the cubilose cleaned in the step (2) for 2 hours at 90 ℃;
(4) weighing the dried edible bird's nest obtained in the step (3), independently subpackaging the edible bird's nest in a nylon-coated PE anti-static packaging bag, and performing irradiation sterilization by adopting 60Co radioactive isotope with the irradiation dose of 10KGy for 10 hours to obtain dried edible bird's nest;
(5) pouring the sterilized dry nidus Collocaliae into a bottle in clean environment, adding purified water, and heating at 110 deg.C for 5min to obtain nidus Collocaliae product.
Comparative example 1
The cubilose product is prepared by adopting a traditional cooking method. The traditional method comprises the following steps: soaking nidus Collocaliae in water for 2 hr, changing water, soaking for 3-5 hr, picking hair, washing in filter screen to remove impurities, stewing nidus Collocaliae in stewing cup with boiling water, and stewing over slow fire for 45 min. The stewed cubilose can be stored in a refrigerator for at most one week.
Comparative example 2
The irradiation sterilization in step (4) was changed to conventional microwave sterilization (power 800MHz, sterilization time 3min), and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 3
The irradiation sterilization in step (4) was changed to moist heat sterilization at 121 ℃ for 30min, and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 2.
Examples of the experiments
1. Amino acid content detection
1.1 detection method (see GB/T5009.124-2003 determination of amino acids in food.)
1.1.1 samples of bird's nest prepared in examples and comparative examples were taken, respectively, freeze-dried and ground, 30mg of bird's nest was accurately weighed, placed in a hydrolysis tube, and 6mol.L of bird's nest was added-1Adding 3-4 drops of newly distilled phenol into 15mL of hydrochloric acid solution, placing the hydrolysis tube in a refrigerant, freezing for 3-5min, vacuumizing by using a vacuum pump, filling high-purity nitrogen, repeatedly vacuumizing and filling nitrogen for 3 times, sealing in a state of being filled with nitrogen, placing the mixture in a drying oven at 110 ℃ for hydrolysis for 22h, taking out and cooling; and filtering the hydrolysate, transferring the filtrate into a 50mL volumetric flask, washing the hydrolysis tube with deionized water for multiple times, merging the filtrate into the 50mL volumetric flask, and adding deionized water to fix the volume to the scale.
1.1.2 precisely absorbing 1.0mL of the solution in a 5mL volumetric flask, drying at 40-50 ℃ under reduced pressure, dissolving the residue in 1-2mL of water, drying again, repeating for 2 times, finally evaporating to dryness, precisely adding 1mL of sodium citrate buffer solution with pH of 2.2 for dissolving, and filtering through a 0.45 mu m microporous filter membrane to a sample injection bottle to be used as a test solution.
1.1.3 accurately pipette 0.200mL of a mixed amino acid standard, dilute to 5mL with a buffer solution having a pH of 2.2, and use the standard dilution at a concentration of 5.00 nmol/50. mu.L as an amino acid standard for on-machine testing, and measure the content of amino acids in a sample solution by an external standard method using an automatic amino acid analyzer.
1.2 results of the assay
Specific results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the total amino acid content of the bird's nest prepared by the present invention is 52.95g/100g, while the total amino acid content of the bird's nest prepared by the conventional cooking method is 44.59g/100 g. The experimental result shows that the content and the content of amino acid in the cubilose prepared by the method are greatly improved compared with the cubilose prepared by the traditional method, so that the cubilose prepared by the method is full in egg white taste.
TABLE 1 amino acid content in each group of bird's nest products
2. Sialic acid content determination
2.1 detection method
2.1.1 preparation of bird's nest powder
The bird's nest prepared in examples and comparative examples was freeze-dried to powder for use.
2.1.2 preparation of Standard gradient solutions of sialic acid
Accurately weighing an appropriate amount of sialic acid standard substance, adding deionized water to dissolve and fixing the volume to 2mg-1The control stock solution of (a); the above stock solutions were used to make 0, 67.60, 135.20, 338.00, 676.00, 1352.00 Ag mL respectively-1The standard saliva solution of (4), to be tested.
2.1.3 determination of sialic acid content in bird's nest
Grinding and sieving nidus Collocaliae powder, respectively weighing 0.2000g into different conical flasks, adding 20.0mL 50% acetic acid extractive solution into the two samples, mixing, heating under reflux for 10min, cooling, transferring into 100mL volumetric flask with water, metering volume, shaking, and centrifuging at high speed; taking 100 mu L of supernatant fluid to be placed in a graduated test tube, adding 0.5% formic acid to dilute to 5.0mL, whirling and mixing uniformly, taking 200 mu L of supernatant fluid to be placed in the graduated test tube, adding 0.5% formic acid to dilute to 2.0mL, mixing uniformly, filtering with a 0.45 mu m microporous membrane, and detecting.
2.1.4 high performance liquid chromatography detection
Chromatographic column Waters, BEH-C18, 100mm × 2.1.1 mm (inside diameter), column temperature 35 deg.C, flow rate 0.3mL. min-1(ii) a Sample introduction amount: 10 mu L of the solution; mobile phase: a: 0.005% formic acid, B: and (3) acetonitrile.
2.2 results of the assay
The sialic acid content of different bird's nest samples is calculated by adopting an external standard method, the results are shown in table 2, the sialic acid content of 2 bird's nests is different, the sialic acid content of the bird's nest prepared by the invention is higher than that of comparative examples 1-3, and the bird's nest prepared by the invention is proved to retain excellent quality and mouthfeel.
TABLE 2 sialic acid content in each bird's nest preparation
1. Sterilization effect detection
3.1 detection method
The bird's nest powder before and after sterilization in example 2, comparative example 2, and comparative example 3 were taken, and the total aerobic bacteria count, total mold and yeast count sterilization rate (total bacteria count before sterilization-total bacteria count after sterilization)/total bacteria count before sterilization × 100% were measured according to "general rule 1105" non-sterile product microbial limit test method "in chinese pharmacopoeia (four parts 2015).
3.2 results of the assay
The specific test results are shown in Table 3. The results show that neither microwave sterilization nor moist heat sterilization has good sterilization effect on the bird's nest powder than Co60 irradiation sterilization, so irradiation sterilization is the best choice.
TABLE 3 examination of microbial limits of bird's nest powder before and after sterilization
4. Comparison of bird's nest morphology
The bird's nest product A prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention is compared with the bird's nest product B sold in the market (a house of the bird's nest) and the bird's nest product C decocted by the traditional method (plum seven bird's nest) in appearance, and as can be seen from the attached drawings 1 and 2, the bird's nest prepared by the method of the invention has good filling effect, can see obvious filiform and blocky shapes, has good rehydration effect and good water fusion effect, does not generate liquefaction phenomenon, and the tops of water in the other two products are not completely filled.
In summary, it can be seen from the above results that, compared with comparative examples 1-3, the preparation method of the present invention is significantly better than the bird's nest product of the comparative examples in terms of functional component retention, sterilization effect, taste morphology, and the preparation method of the present invention is a pure natural bird's nest without any additive, retains very good quality and texture of bird's nest, has a fresh stewed taste, has a natural egg white fragrance of bird's nest, and can have a longer shelf life.
The invention is well implemented in accordance with the above-described embodiments. It should be noted that, based on the above structural design, in order to solve the same technical problems, even if some insubstantial modifications or colorings are made on the present invention, the adopted technical solution is still the same as the present invention, and therefore, the technical solution should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the cubilose product is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soaking nidus Collocaliae with pure water or food-grade hydrogen peroxide for 10-15 min;
(2) manually removing swallow hair, cleaning with pure water, and dehydrating for 2-3 times;
(3) drying the cubilose cleaned in the step (2) by blowing air for 2-8 hours;
(4) weighing the dried cubilose in the step (3), independently subpackaging the cubilose in a nylon-coated PE (polyethylene) antistatic packaging bag or an aluminum film bag, and performing irradiation sterilization to obtain dry cubilose;
(5) pouring the sterilized dry nidus Collocaliae into a bottle in clean environment, adding purified water, and heating for 5-10min to obtain nidus Collocaliae product.
2. The method for preparing the cubilose product according to claim 1, wherein the food-grade hydrogen peroxide in the step (1) is diluted by 500 times.
3. The method for preparing a bird's nest product according to claim 1, wherein the blast drying temperature of the step (3) is 70-90 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the cubilose product according to claim 1, wherein the irradiation sterilization in the step (4) is performed by using 60Co radioactive isotope, the irradiation dose is 5-10KGy, and the irradiation time is 10-15 h.
5. The method for preparing a bird's nest product according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in step (5) is 105-110 ℃.
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