CN111527320B

CN111527320B - Apparatus and method for synchronization

Info

Publication number: CN111527320B
Application number: CN201880080310.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 奥斯瓦尔德·弗里德曼; 沃尔夫冈·哈斯; 多米尼克·汉斯
Original assignee: Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Current assignee: Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Priority date: 2017-10-26
Filing date: 2018-10-08
Publication date: 2022-02-22
Anticipated expiration: 2038-10-08
Also published as: CN111527320A; DE102018124681A1; DE112018004976A5; EP3701162A1; WO2019080960A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (11, 12) for synchronizing between a shaft (2) and an idler (7) rotatably arranged on the shaft (2), comprising an actuating device (9), a synchronizing device (21) and a clutch device (20). In order to optimize the device with respect to the required installation space, a locking device is accommodated radially inside the running toothing of the idler (7), which locking device is arranged in a locking manner between an actuating device (9), which can be actuated from the radial outside with respect to the idler (7, 8), and a synchronizing device (21), which is arranged radially inside the running toothing of the idler (7).

Description

Apparatus and method for synchronization

Technical Field

The invention relates to a device for synchronizing a shaft and an idler rotatably arranged on the shaft, comprising an actuating device, a synchronizing device and a clutch device. The invention also relates to a transmission having wheel sets which each comprise a fixed wheel and an idler wheel to indicate a gear in the transmission. The invention also relates to a method for synchronizing between a transmission shaft and an idler rotatably arranged on the transmission shaft by means of the above-mentioned device.

Background

A synchronization device for a manual transmission is known from german patent document DE 19982494C 1, which synchronization device has: a synchronizing body arranged on the transmission shaft in a rotationally fixed manner in a circumferential direction of the transmission shaft; a coupling sleeve arranged on the synchronizing body so as to be displaceable along a longitudinal middle axis of the transmission shaft; at least one toothed gearwheel which is rotatably mounted on the transmission shaft and is connected to the synchronizing body is connected to the clutch body or is provided with coupling teeth and can be coupled to the synchronizing body by means of a coupling sleeve via the clutch body or the coupling teeth. A synchronizing device for a manual transmission is known from german laid-open patent application DE 102009027438 a1, which has a synchronizing body and at least one synchronizing ring, which can be fastened to one another in the circumferential direction by means of a positioning device, wherein the positioning device is formed by at least one projection which is provided at the synchronizing ring and extends substantially in the axial direction, which engages into at least one recess of the synchronizing body, wherein the recess has at least one inclined surface section on which the projection lies in a sliding manner when the synchronizing ring is twisted relative to the synchronizing body. A synchronizer for a vehicle transmission is known from german laid-open patent application DE 102010002932 a1, which comprises a coupling sleeve, a synchronizer ring, a clutch body and a synchronizer body, wherein at least one ramp is provided at the synchronizer body and at the synchronizer ring, respectively, at which the synchronizer body and the synchronizer ring are in surface contact; and at least one spring element acting between the synchronizing body and the synchronizing ring, which spring element generates a force acting in the circumferential direction, which force presses the inclined faces of the synchronizing body and the synchronizing ring against one another, so that a force component acting towards the synchronizing body is generated on the synchronizing ring.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to optimize a device for synchronizing between a shaft and an idler rotatably arranged on the shaft in terms of the required installation space, said device having an actuating device, a synchronizing device and a clutch device.

In a device for synchronizing between a shaft and an idler wheel rotatably arranged on the shaft, wherein the device has an actuating device, a synchronizing device and a clutch device, the object is achieved by: a locking device is accommodated radially inside the idler wheel, which locking device is arranged in a locking manner between an actuating device, which can be actuated radially from the outside with respect to the idler wheel, and a synchronizing device, which is arranged radially inside the running toothing of the idler wheel. The locking device is advantageously arranged in the axial direction overlapping the idler wheel. This saves axial installation space. The locking device prevents premature coupling of the clutch device. The locking device only permits an actuating movement in the axial direction, which is converted from an actuating movement in the circumferential direction and transmitted to the clutch device, when the difference in rotational speed between the shaft and the idler wheel falls to substantially zero. The actuating movement in the circumferential direction is advantageously applied via an actuating element, such as a toothed wheel, radially outside the idler wheel. The synchronization device comprises a synchronizer ring group having a plurality of synchronizer rings which are brought into frictional contact by applying an axial actuating force, so that a friction torque, which is also referred to as synchronization torque, is generated. The clutch device is preferably designed as a form-fitting clutch, for example as a claw clutch. In order to form the axial configuration of the device in a compact and reliable manner, a locking device is provided between the actuating element of the actuating device and the synchronizing ring of the synchronizing device, via which locking device the synchronizing device can be actuated.

A preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the locking device can be actuated via a ramp in order to convert a rotational movement of an actuating element of the actuating device into an axial actuating movement. As long as the shaft and the idler have substantially the same rotational speed, the actuating force generated by the actuating element overcomes the counteracting locking force of the locking device, and the clutch device connects the shaft to the idler in a rotationally fixed manner.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the locking means comprise at least one locking element. The locking element is rotationally fixed relative to the idler, for example by means of a transmission element. The locking element can be embodied as a locking ring. However, the locking element may also comprise a plurality of locking sections. The locking device may also comprise more than one locking element.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the locking element is provided with an actuating ramp. An actuating ramp, also referred to as a tip ramp, is advantageously also provided at the synchronizing device and/or the clutch device. When the device is actuated by the actuating device, forces are transmitted to the synchronizer ring set via the top ramp or the guide ramp. In the case of asynchronization, the synchronizing rings of the synchronizing ring set can be twisted relative to the synchronizing device by the width of the top ramp or the guide ramp, so that further movement of the synchronizing device is prevented. When the idler wheel and the shaft have reached synchronous operation, the synchronizing device reverses the synchronizing rings of the synchronizing ring set and moves them further in the axial direction, however advantageously only the magnitude of the wear margin is moved.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the locking element is axially movable via a ramp. If the actuating element is twisted relative to the idler, the locking element is axially displaced via the ramp toward the synchronization device. The ramp thus acts between the actuating element and a locking element which is coupled in a rotationally fixed but axially displaceable manner to the idler.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that a spring device is provided between the locking element and the synchronizing ring of the synchronizing means. The spring device is embodied, for example, as a spring ring. However, the spring device may also comprise a plurality of spring segments, for example three spring segments or spring arcs. The synchronizer rings of the synchronizer ring group are arranged, that is to say are placed in frictional contact, via a spring device, which is embodied, for example, as a linear spring. As a result, a slight friction torque is generated, wherein the synchronizer ring is twisted relative to the locking element. The lead or top ramps axially overlap one another. A relatively large force can be transmitted to the synchronizing ring via the guide ramp or the top ramp.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the locking element is embodied as a locking ring. The guide ramp or the nose ramp is applied, for example, radially on the outside at the locking ring. Furthermore, a control ramp is applied to the locking ring. Via the actuating ramp, an actuating movement of the actuating element in the circumferential direction can be converted into an axial movement of the locking ring, in cooperation with a corresponding counter ramp provided on the actuating element, for example the planet carrier.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the locking means comprise three locking elements. The three locking elements are advantageously arranged uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. At the locking element, a guide ramp or a top ramp is applied, which cooperates with a corresponding guide ramp or top ramp at the synchronizing ring of the synchronizing device. By the interaction of the guide ramps or the top ramps, the synchronizing ring is slightly twisted during the axial movement of the locking element.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the operating device comprises a planetary gear element of a planetary gear. The operating element of the operating device is, for example, a planet carrier, a ring gear or a sun gear of the planetary gear set. The actuating element can be connected in one piece to the planet carrier, the ring gear or the sun gear of the planetary gear. However, depending on the embodiment, the ring gear, the sun gear or the planet gear carrier can also be an actuating element of the actuating device. For actuating the device, the planetary gear train elements are twisted or pivoted in a defined manner in order to produce a relative twist. The relative rotation is preferably converted into an axial actuating movement by means of a ramp.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the synchronizing means comprise a coupling sleeve. The coupling sleeve is provided, for example, on the radially inner side with a toothing, which cooperates with a complementary toothing provided, for example, on the radially outer side at the clutch body, in order to be able to achieve a torque transmission between the shaft and the idler wheel when the clutch device is closed. The toothing is embodied here, for example, as a plug-in toothing, so that the sleeve can be moved in the axial direction relative to the clutch body. At the ends of the coupling sleeve and of the clutch body facing each other, a guide ramp or a tip ramp is advantageously provided. This simplifies the tooth engagement between the clutch sleeve and the clutch body.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the locking element is connected to the idler wheel in a rotationally fixed manner by means of at least one transmission element. The transmission element can be connected to the idler wheel in a form-fitting manner, for example via a pin engaging in a recess. However, the transmission element can also be embodied as a projection or a tab. According to an embodiment, the transmission element is applied, for example, at the abutment sleeve. The transmission element advantageously enables a resetting of the actuating movement which has been caused by the ramp described above. Advantageously, a plurality of transmission elements are arranged uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that a stop with a torsional play acts between the synchronizing ring of the synchronizing means and the transmission element.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the clutch device is embodied as a self-disconnecting form-fitting clutch. This means that the clutch device is disconnected in the inoperative state, i.e. no torque is transmitted between the idler and the shaft.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the clutch means are locked in the closed state. The locking is advantageously realized in the form of a ramp, in particular by a corresponding projection at the ramp.

A further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the engaging sleeve comprises a ball press which co-acts with a return ramp in order to hold the engaging sleeve in the final position.

In a transmission having wheel sets, each of which comprises a fixed wheel and an idler wheel to indicate a gear in the transmission, the above object is alternatively or additionally achieved by: at least one of the above-described devices for synchronization is arranged between two idler wheels of the transmission which are adjacent on the transmission shaft. The planetary gear is preferably arranged between the two idler wheels. The relative rotation of the actuating elements of the planetary gear, i.e. for example the sun gear, the ring gear or the planet gear carrier of the planetary gear, produces a synchronization of the respective idler gears. The actuating element can be coupled to the associated idler wheel, for example, via a stop, wherein the one idler wheel or the further idler wheel is released by the stop or stops only in each case in a predetermined rotational direction. In this way, an undesired simultaneous engagement of the two gears can be reliably prevented in a simple manner.

In a method for synchronizing, in particular in the transmission described above, by means of the above-described device between a transmission shaft and an idler rotatably arranged on the transmission shaft, the above-described object is alternatively or additionally achieved by: the synchronizing device and the clutch device are successively displaced by a relative movement of the actuating device with respect to the idler such that the idler is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the transmission shaft, wherein the locking device ensures: the respective idler is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the transmission shaft only if the transmission shaft and the idler have substantially the same rotational speed.

Drawings

Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description, in which different embodiments are described in detail with reference to the figures. The figures show:

fig. 1 shows a transmission having a transmission input shaft on which two fixed wheels are arranged and a transmission output shaft on which two idler wheels are arranged, which engage with the fixed wheels;

FIG. 2 shows a partial view of FIG. 1 with apparatus for synchronizing between the transmission output shaft and two idler wheels;

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged, fragmentary view of FIG. 2 illustrating the steering of the idler wheel to the left in FIG. 3;

fig. 4A shows a perspective view of the engaging sleeve of the device in fig. 1 to 3 when the clutch means is disconnected;

fig. 4B shows the same diagram as in fig. 4A when the clutch device is closed;

fig. 5 shows a perspective view of the planet carrier of the device in fig. 1 to 3, with a locking element embodied as a locking ring;

FIG. 6 shows an exploded view of the apparatus of FIGS. 1-3, with a transmission output shaft and two idler wheels;

FIG. 7 shows a view similar to that in FIG. 2 with an apparatus having a ball press and a return ramp according to a second embodiment;

FIG. 8 shows an enlarged fragmentary view of FIG. 7;

fig. 9 shows a perspective section through the idler on the left in fig. 7 with the clutch device disengaged;

fig. 10 shows the same representation as in fig. 9 when the clutch device is closed and locked;

FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a synchronizer ring with a locking device;

FIG. 12 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of the planet carrier with the synchronizer ring and the locking device of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 shows a view similar to that in FIG. 2, with a complete longitudinal section of two idler wheels according to another embodiment;

FIG. 14 shows an enlarged fragmentary view of FIG. 13;

fig. 15A shows a perspective view of the engaging sleeve with the movement means for the engaging sleeve when the clutch device is disconnected;

fig. 15B shows the same view as in fig. 15B when the clutch device is closed and locked;

FIG. 16 shows an exploded view of a two-piece planet carrier with a lock-up device;

FIG. 17 shows a partially cut-away perspective view of a motion device for synchronizing, with a sun gear and a locking device;

FIG. 18 shows an exploded view of the locking device of FIG. 17, with an engagement sleeve, a synchronizing ring and moving elements for the locking device; and

fig. 19 shows the locking device of fig. 18 with the synchronizer ring in the mounted state.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a transmission 10 having a transmission input shaft 1 and a transmission output shaft 2. The transmission output shaft 2 is rotatably mounted by means of two

bearing devices

3, 4 parallel to the transmission input shaft 1 and in fig. 1 about a horizontally extending axis of rotation.

The transmission input shaft 1 is provided with two fixed wheels 5, 6. The fixed wheels 5, 6 are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the transmission input shaft 1. Two

idler wheels

7, 8 are arranged on the transmission output shaft 2. The idler wheel 7 is meshed with the fixed wheel 5. The idler wheel 8 is meshed with the fixed wheel 6.

The

idler wheels

7, 8 are rotatably mounted relative to the transmission output shaft 2, but can be connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the transmission output shaft 2 during actuation in order to realize a gear in the transmission 10 together with the respective fixed wheels 5, 6. The actuation takes place via an actuating device 9 radially outside the

idlers

7, 8.

In fig. 2, 7 and 13, it can be seen in the sectional views shown, which illustrate different embodiments, that the transmission, designated 10 in fig. 1, comprises two

devices

11, 12 for synchronization. The device 11 for synchronization is assigned to the idler wheel 7 arranged on the left in fig. 2, 7 and 13. The device 12 for synchronization is assigned to the idler 8 arranged on the right in fig. 2, 7 and 13.

The steering device 9 comprises a steering wheel 13 provided with teeth at the outer diameter. The outer diameter of the steering wheel 13 is greater than the outer diameters of the two

idler wheels

7, 8. In the axial direction, the steering wheel 13 is arranged between the two

idler wheels

7, 8.

The

devices

11, 12 are accommodated in corresponding recesses in the radial inner part of the

idler wheels

7, 8. The steering wheel 13 is guided radially outward from within the

idler wheels

7, 8 between the two

idler wheels

7, 8 from the receiving space for the

devices

11, 12. Thus, the steering wheel 13 can be steered radially outside the

idler wheels

7, 8, for example by means of a driven gear. During steering, the steering wheel 13 is twisted or pivoted.

As can be seen in fig. 2, 3, 7, 8 and 13, 14, the operating device 9 comprises a planetary gear 14. The planetary gear 14 is arranged in a cavity which is located radially inside and axially between adjacent

idler wheels

7, 8. The axial installation space for the actuating device 9 in the transmission can be reduced by the planetary gear mechanism 14.

The planetary gear 14 comprises a sun gear 15, a ring gear 16 and planet gears 17. The planet wheels 17 are rotatably mounted in a planet wheel carrier 18. The sun gear 15 meshes with planet gears 17, which in turn mesh with an annulus gear 16. In the non-actuated state of the

device

11, 12, the planet carrier 18 rotates substantially synchronously with the idler 7. The sun wheel 15 rotates substantially synchronously with the idler wheel 8 in the inoperative state of the

device

11, 12.

The term "substantially synchronized" means in this context that sun gear 15 and planet gear carrier 18 can be rotated relative to

idler gears

7, 8 by a defined angle after actuation by actuating device 9 in order to trigger a clutch, shift and/or synchronization process.

When the actuating device 9 is actuated, the ring gear 16 is twisted. In the actuated and non-actuated state of the actuating device 9, the ring gear 16 is fixed. The ring gear 16 then has the same rotational speed as the fixed gear. In the inoperative state of the operating device 9, the rotational speed of the ring gear 16 of the planetary gear 14 is therefore zero.

When the ring gear 16 is rotated, the planet gear carrier 18 or the sun or sun gear 15 is then rotated relative to the associated

idler wheels

7, 8. The relative torsion angle is then used when manipulating the

devices

11, 12 for synchronization.

The

device

11, 12 for synchronization comprises a clutch means 20 and a synchronization means 21. The clutch device 20 comprises a clutch body 22 for the rotationally fixed connection between the shaft 2 and one of the

idlers

7, 8.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 6, the device 11 associated with the left idler wheel 7 also comprises a locking device 23 having a locking element 24. The locking device 23 is arranged in a locking manner between the actuating device 9 and an engagement sleeve 25, which is assigned to the clutch device 20 and the synchronizer 21. The synchronising device 21 comprises a synchronising ring stack with a number of synchronising rings of which the outer, i.e. the radially outer, synchronising ring is provided with reference numeral 26.

As can be seen from below in fig. 2, the device 11 also comprises a movement device 27 or an actuating device 27 for the locking element 24. The actuation of the locking element 24 takes place via an actuation ramp 28. The resetting of the locking element 24 takes place via a return element 29, which is embodied, for example, as a return plate.

In fig. 3, it can be seen that a movement device or actuating device 30 is associated with the synchronization device 21. The movement means or steering means 30 comprises a ramp 28. The locking element 24 comprises a groove 32 for the rotationally fixed connection to the idler 7. The groove 32 prevents the locking element 24 from twisting relative to the idler 7. For this purpose, a transmission element 33, for example embodied as a pin, engages into the groove 32. The transmission element 33 projects radially outwards from the coupling sleeve 25.

The device 11 further comprises a spring device 34, which is embodied as a spring ring or as a linear spring. The spring device 34 serves to set the synchronizer rings of the synchronizer ring group of the synchronizer 21 so as to generate a slight friction torque. This causes the synchronizer ring 26 to twist relative to the locking element 24 until the guide ramps, also referred to as the actuating ramps or tip ramps, are axially aligned. Then, a large force can be transmitted to the synchronizing ring 26 via the top bevel.

As can be seen in fig. 4A, 4B and 6, a plurality of

transmission elements

33, 35 embodied as pins are provided radially on the outside at the coupling sleeve 25. Advantageously, a total of three

transmission elements

33, 35 are distributed uniformly over the circumference of the coupling sleeve 25. Radially on the inside, the coupling sleeve 25 has a plug-in toothing for producing a rotationally fixed connection to the clutch body 22 of the clutch device 20. For this purpose, the clutch body 22 and the hub part of the idler wheel 7 have complementary plug-in teeth on the radial outside.

The

transmission elements

33 and 35 engage into recesses of the return element 42 indicated in dashed lines in fig. 4A and 4B. The recesses are equipped with

return ramps

36, 37 which, together with the

transmission elements

33, 35, bring about a resetting of the engaging sleeve 25.

The locking element 24 serves to control the synchronization between the actuating element 19, the planet carrier 18 and the synchronizer ring 26.

Between the actuating element 19 and the locking element 24, ramps, which are designated 28 and 46 in fig. 5, act. The locking element 24 is rotationally fixed relative to the idler wheel 7 by the

transmission elements

33, 35 via the coupling sleeve 25. If the actuating element 19 is twisted relative to the idler wheel 7, the locking element 24 is axially displaced via the

ramps

28, 46 toward the synchronization device 21, which is also referred to as synchronization device 21 for short.

At the start of the actuation, the spring ring 34 drives the synchronizer rings 26 until the air gaps of the synchronizer ring set are closed and the synchronizer rings abut against one another. The synchronizing ring 26 is twisted at a twist angle such that the top bevel 44 of the locking element 24 comes in front of the top bevel or actuating bevel 43 of the synchronizing ring 26. As long as the synchronizing torque is effective, the locking element 24, which is embodied as a locking ring, locks the actuating element 19 against further movement.

The rotational locking of the locking element 24 relative to the idler 7, and thus the transmission of torque from the locking element 24 to the idler 7, takes place via the

transmission elements

33, 35 which are arranged at the coupling sleeve 25 and engage radially inwardly at the locking element 24 into the

grooves

32, 45.

After the synchronization has ended, the synchronizer ring 26 can be reversed via the top ramps or actuating

ramps

43, 44. As can be seen in fig. 4A and 4B, when the actuating element 19 is rotated further relative to the idler wheel 7, a driver (not shown) on the actuating element 19 stops against a lower stop 38 of a recess on a return element 42 of the actuating or movement device 27 for engaging the sleeve 25.

The return element 42, which is embodied as a return plate, and the ramp ring 31 are connected to one another in a material-fitting or form-fitting manner. The engagement sleeve 25 is brought into engagement with the clutch body 22 of the clutch device 20 by twisting the actuating or movement device 27 for the engagement sleeve 25. In the final position, the boss 41 locks the synchronizing ring 26 at the end of the ramp 40 visible in fig. 4B, so that the engaging sleeve 25 does not need an undercut to reliably maintain the coupling.

When the shift is disengaged, the actuating element 19 is reversed until the driver at the upper stop 39 of the recess comes to rest against the return plate 42 of the actuating device 27 for the coupling sleeve 25. The engaging sleeve 25 is then pulled back via the

ramps

36, 37 at the return plate 42. Further, the locking element 24 is inserted into the initial position via the web 49 and the ramp 48 at the return plate 29.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 7 to 12, the synchronization device or synchronizer 21 has a common outer synchronizer ring 81 for the two synchronizer ring groups of the

devices

11 and 12. In addition to the synchronization device 21 and the clutch device 20, the device 11 associated with the idler 7 on the left in fig. 7 comprises a locking device 83. The locking device 83 is combined with the transmission element 84 and interacts with the coupling sleeve 85. The engagement sleeve 85 is combined with a ball presser 87, which rests against a return ramp 86 formed at the hub body 92 of the idler wheel 7.

Fig. 8 shows the clutch device 20 and the synchronizer 21 in an enlarged manner. The clutch element 88 can be connected to the clutch sleeve 85 in a rotationally fixed manner via an axial toothing. The transmission element 84, as can be seen in fig. 8, is arranged in the axial direction between the inner synchronizing ring 89 and the actuating element 19 of the actuating device 9 and is fixedly connected (not visible) to the idler wheel 7 at least in the circumferential direction.

Fig. 9 and 10 show an actuating or movement device 90 for the coupling sleeve 85 in the open or closed state. The movement means or manipulation means 90 for the engaging sleeve 85 comprises one ramp 91 of a plurality of ramps at the engaging sleeve 85. The sleeve 85 and the clutch element 88 have axial teeth 95 for the rotationally fixed connection of the sleeve 85 to the clutch element 88. The clutch element 88 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the shaft 2 via the clutch body 20.

In fig. 11, a top view of the locking device 83 with the synchronizing ring 89 is shown. The synchronizing ring 89 bears against a lower stop 113 of the transmission element 84. The top or

actuation ramps

101 and 102 are in contact with complementary top ramps of the locking element 111. The locking member 111 is moved leftward in the axial direction. The ramp ring 106 shown in dashed lines with a ramp 107 for asynchronous movement rests with its right end face on the synchronizing ring 89.

In fig. 12, a partially cut-away view of the movement means 115 for performing asynchronization and the movement means 112 for performing synchronization is shown. One of the plurality of ball followers 93 is received in a bore of a planet carrier 118, which is fixedly connected to planet carrier 18 and forms actuating element 19. The ball of the ball follower is in the starting state in one of the recesses 117 of the actuating ring 120 for asynchronous operation.

The joint sleeve is not shown in fig. 11 and 12 for the sake of overview.

For the asynchronous operation, the operating element 19, here the planet carrier 18, drives the operating ring 120 for the asynchronous operation via the ball pressure element 93.

The actuating ring 120 displaces a ramp ring 106, which is shown in fig. 11 in a transparent manner, in the axial direction via a ramp 107, which in turn moves the synchronizing ring 89 axially. If an asynchronous force is reached, the ball follower 93 disengages from the notch 117. Depending on the direction of action of the asynchronous torque, the synchronizing ring 89 bears against one of the

stops

108 or 113 of the transmission element 84. The top ramps or actuating ramps 101 to 103 of a total of three locking elements 111 of the locking device 83 bear against the actuating ramps or top ramps 104 of the synchronizing ring 89. The actuating ramp of the movement device 112 for synchronization on the actuating element 19 bears against the actuating ramp 110 of the locking element 111. The synchronizing torque is supported in this case in part via the top ramp at the locking element 111 and in turn at the

stops

108, 113 of the transmission element 84 and in part at the transmission element 84 by the synchronizing ring 89. The angle of the top ramps or actuating ramps 101 to 104 is designed such that the axial counter force generated by the synchronizing torque via the actuating ramps is greater than the axial force required for generating the synchronizing torque. Thus, during synchronization, the locking element 111 locks the actuating element 19 against further rotation.

After the synchronization has ended, the synchronizer ring 89 can be reversed via the top ramps 101 to 104 by: by twisting the actuating element via the actuating ramp, the locking element 111 is displaced axially toward the synchronizer ring 89. When the actuating element 19 is further twisted relative to the idler wheel 7, the engaging sleeve 85 is axially displaced via the ramp 91.

The sleeve 85 has an axial toothing 95 which is self-breaking. If the clutch device 20, which is embodied as a form-fitting clutch, is closed, the engaging sleeve 85, as can be seen in fig. 10, is locked at the end of the ramp 91 via a projection 98.

When disconnected, the lock now only has to be opened. The clutch sleeve 85 is pressed back by a small torque between the transmission shaft 2 and the idler wheel 7. Then, a plurality of balls 87 acting on a ramp or return ramp 86 in the idler wheel 7 moves the engaging sleeve 85 to its final position.

Fig. 13 to 19 show an exemplary embodiment in which the synchronization device 21 comprises two outer synchronization rings 161, 162. The synchronizing ring 161 is assigned to the device 11 for the idler 7 on the left in fig. 13. The synchronizer ring 162 is assigned to the device 12 for the idler 8 on the right in fig. 13. The

devices

11, 12 are embodied essentially identically, wherein actuation takes place via the planet gear carrier 18 in the case of the device 11 and via the sun gear 15 in the case of the device 12.

The device 11 includes an engagement sleeve 164 and a locking arrangement 165. The locking device 165 comprises a locking element 166. A return device 167 is associated with the locking element 166. The return 167 cooperates with a mating ramp (197 in fig. 16) at the locking member 166. The ramp 168 at the locking element 166, as can also be seen in fig. 16, interacts with a counter ramp 169 at the planet carrier part 191.

The movement or manipulation means for engaging sleeve 164 is depicted at 170 in fig. 13, 14 and 15. As can be seen in fig. 13, the movement means 170 for engaging the sleeve 164 comprise a movement element 171 for engaging the sleeve 164.

The movement device for the synchronization device or synchronization device 21 is depicted at 173 in fig. 14. The twist-stop device is designated at 178 in fig. 14. The recess in the adapter sleeve 164 is designated 179 in fig. 14.

As can be seen in fig. 15A and 15B, the moving element 171 of the moving means 170 for engaging the sleeve 164 comprises

transmission elements

181 and 182. The engaging sleeve 164 has a void 179. A groove 180 is also provided at the coupling sleeve 164, the rim of which on the planet carrier component side forms a return ramp 185 and the rim of which on the clutch body side forms a pilot ramp 186. The

transmission elements

181, 182 of the moving element 171 engage into the groove 180 of the engaging sleeve 164.

A projection 183 for torque assistance is applied to the moving element 171. The projection 183 serves to achieve a rotational locking relative to the planet carrier 18.

Fig. 15A shows a non-interrupted positive clutch of the clutch device 20. Fig. 15B shows a positive-locking clutch of the clutch device 20 in a closed and locked manner.

In fig. 16, it can be seen that the planet carrier 18 is composed of a planet carrier part 191 and a planet carrier part 192. The

return elements

193, 194 and 195 are equipped with ramps 196 which cooperate with mating ramps 197 at the locking element 166. The return elements 193 to 195 are secured in the planet gear carrier 18 between the planet

gear carrier parts

191 and 192 by means of pins 199 in a rivet-like manner. A lead or top ramp or actuating ramp 198 is provided at the locking member 166.

The actuating ramp 168 cooperates with a counter ramp 169 at the planet carrier part 191 for moving the locking element 166 axially to the right in fig. 16. When the gear is disengaged, the locking element 166 is reset by the ramp 196 at the return elements 193 to 195 in cooperation with the counter ramp 197.

Fig. 17 to 19 show how the device 12 associated with the gear wheel 8 on the right in fig. 13 is actuated via the sun gear 15 as an actuating element. Manipulation takes place via the movement element 225 in the same way and in the same way as in the embodiment shown in fig. 15 and 16. The moving element 225 interacts with a locking device 205, which comprises a locking element 206 with a ramp 207. A lead or top ramp 209 is provided at the locking member 206. Furthermore, the locking element 206 comprises a plurality of torque supports 211 which engage in the recesses 228 of the coupling sleeve 204 and serve to prevent the locking element 206 from rotating.

For actuating the coupling sleeve 204, the tab 210 serves as a transmission element. The web or transmission element 210 is connected in one piece to the moving element 225 and in turn fixedly connects said moving element to the sun gear 15. The transmission element 210 engages into a groove 227 provided in the engagement sleeve 204.

In fig. 18, it can be seen that the locking means 205 is combined with a spring means 215. The spring device 215 comprises three linear springs 216 to 218. The linear springs 216 to 218 have hooked

curved ends

231, 232, respectively. The wire springs 216 to 218, as shown in the example of the wire spring 217, have a convex portion 233 in the middle. The linear spring 216 is arranged in the assembled state in a groove 221 in the synchronizer ring 162. The projections 233 of the wire springs 216 to 218 engage in the recesses 234 of the locking element 206. The projection 233 is radially pretensioned there and thus forms a locking.

In fig. 19, the locking element 206 with the synchronizing ring 162 is shown in a perspective view in the installed state. Fig. 19 also shows stop

sections

238, 239 with a torsional play.

During actuation, the actuating element, the planet carrier 18 or the sun gear 15 is twisted relative to the

idler

7 or 8. As a result, the

counter ramp

169 or 226 is twisted relative to the

ramp

168 or 207 of the

locking element

166 or 206 and displaces the locking element in the axial direction until the air gap of the synchronizer ring set is closed. In this case, the spring device 215 prevents the

synchronizer ring

161 or 162 from moving axially relative to the

locking element

166 or 206. The

transmission element

181, 182 or 210 of the

movement element

171 or 225 moves in the section of the

groove

180 or 227 of the

coupling sleeve

164 or 204 without a slope in this phase.

When the air gap of the synchronizer ring assembly is closed, an asynchronous torque is generated as a result of the locking of the spring arrangement 215 and the axial displacement of the

locking element

166 or 206, as a result of which the

synchronizer ring

161 or 162 is twisted in the circumferential direction until it abuts against one of the

stops

238 or 239. As a result, the guide or

top ramp

198 or 209 of the locking element comes into contact with the guide ramp 220 of the synchronizing

ring

161 or 162. The angle of the guide ramps is selected such that the axial counter force generated by the synchronizing torque via the guide ramps is greater than the axial force required for generating the synchronizing torque. As a result, the locking

element

166 or 206 locks the actuating element against further rotation.

If synchronous running of the idler and the shaft is achieved, the synchronous torque drops to zero and the actuating element can be rotated further relative to the idler. Via the

ramp

168 or 207, the locking

element

166 or 206 is displaced further in the axial direction, wherein the locking element slides further via the synchronizer ring, and the

idler wheels

7 or 8 are reversed at a small angle of rotation via the guide ramps 198 or 209 and 220. In this case, the linear springs 216 to 218 are disengaged from the recesses 234 of the locking

elements

166 and 206.

After reaching the ramp end of the

ramp

168 or 207 and its

counterpart ramp

169 or 226, the locking

element

166 or 206 is released in the axial direction. At the same time, the

transmission element

181, 182 or 210 of the

movement element

171 or 225 reaches the region of the actuating ramp 186 in the

groove

180 or 227 of the

coupling sleeve

164 or 204. Further twisting of the actuating element moves the

engaging sleeve

164 or 204 in the axial direction via the actuating ramp 186 and thus establishes a positive fit between the free wheel axles.

Finally, the engaging sleeve is locked by: the boss 188 or the transmission element 210 of the

transmission element

181, 182 is rotated into another section of the

groove

180 or 227 of the

engaging sleeve

164 or 204, which has no slope.

When the gear is disengaged, the operating element, the planet carrier 18 or the sun gear 15 is twisted in the opposite direction with respect to the

idler

7 or 8. The

transmission element

181, 182 or 210 pulls the

engaging sleeve

164 or 204 via the return ramp 185 towards the

idler wheel

7 or 8. When the actuating element is further reversed relative to the

idler

7 or 8, the ramp 196 of the return elements 193 to 195, or the return ramp 212, engages with the

counter ramp

197 or 229. As a result, the locking

element

166 or 206 is pulled in the axial direction relative to the

idler wheel

7 or 8. As soon as the air gap in the synchronizer ring set has been created again, the

synchronizer ring

161 or 162 is stopped at the planet carrier component 191 or at the moving element 225. By further axial displacement of the

locking element

166 or 206, the linear springs 216 to 218 are locked again into the recess 234 of the

locking element

166 or 206.

List of reference numerals

1 Transmission input shaft

2 output shaft of speed changer

3 support device

4 support device

5 fixed wheel

6 fixed wheel

7 empty sleeve wheel

8 empty sleeve wheel

9 operating device

10 speed variator

11 device for synchronization

12 device for synchronization

13 operating wheel

14 planetary gear transmission mechanism

15 sun wheel

16 ring gear

17 planet wheel

18 planetary gear carrier

19 operating element

20 Clutch device

21 synchronization device

22 clutch body

23 locking device

24 locking element

25 joint sleeve

26 synchronizer ring

27 movement device

28 operating ramp

29 return element

30 movement device

31 slope ring

32 groove

33 transfer element

34 spring device

35 transfer element

36 return ramp

37 return ramp

38 stop

39 stop part

40 operating ramp

41 boss

42 return element

43 operating ramp

44 operating ramp

45 groove

46 operating ramp

48 slope

49 connecting piece

81 synchronizer ring

83 locking device

84 transport element

85 joint sleeve

86 return ramp

87 ball pressing piece

88 clutch element

89 inner synchronous ring

90 movement device

91 slope

92 hub

93 ball pressing piece

94 return ramp

95 axial tooth

98 boss

101 operating ramp

102 manipulating ramp surfaces

103 manipulating ramp

104 manipulating ramp

106 ramp ring

107 for asynchronous ramping

108 stopping part

110 operating ramp

111 locking element

112 moving means for synchronization

113 stop part

115 for asynchronous movement

117 notch

118 planetary gear carrier

120 for asynchronous steering ring

161 synchronizer ring

162 synchronizer ring

164 engaging sleeve

165 locking device

166 locking element

167 return device

168 slope

169 mating ramp

170 exercise device

171 moving element

173 movement device

175 operating ramp

178 torsion stop device

179 hollow part

180 groove

181 transfer element

182 transmission element

183 convex part

185 Return ramp

186 operating ramp

188 boss

191 planetary gear carrier component

192 planetary gear carrier component

193 Return element

194 Return element

195 return element

196 ramp

197 mating ramp

198 guide ramp

199 Pin

204 engaging sleeve

205 locking device

206 locking element

207 operating ramp

209 guide ramp

210 transmission element

211 torque support

212 return ramp

213 exercise device

215 spring device

216 wire spring

217 linear spring

218 linear spring

220 guide ramp

221 groove

225 moving element

226 mating ramp

227 groove

228 open space

229 mating ramp

231 end portion

132 end portion

233 convex part

234 recess

238 stop part

239 stop part

Claims

1. A device (11, 12) for synchronizing between a shaft (2) and an idler (7, 8) rotatably arranged on the shaft (2), having an actuating device (9), a synchronizing device (21) and a clutch device (20), characterized in that a locking device (23; 83; 165, 205) is accommodated radially inside the running toothing of the idler (7, 8), which locking device is arranged in a locking manner between the actuating device (9) and the synchronizing device (21), which actuating device can be actuated radially from the outside with respect to the idler (7, 8), and the synchronizing device is arranged radially inside the running toothing of the idler (7, 8).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking means (23; 83; 165, 205) can be actuated via a ramp (48; 110, 168) in order to convert a rotary movement of an actuating element (19) of the actuating means (9) into an axial actuating movement.

3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the locking means (23; 83; 165, 205) comprise at least one locking element (24; 111; 166, 206).

4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the locking element (23; 83; 165, 205) is provided with an operating ramp (44; 101, 102, 103, 198; 221).

5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the locking element (23; 83; 165, 205) is axially movable via a ramp (48; 110; 168; 207).

6. A device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterised in that spring means (34; 215) are provided between the locking element (23; 83; 165, 205) and a synchronising ring (26; 81) of the synchronising device (21).

7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the locking element (24; 166; 206) is embodied as a locking ring.

8. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the locking means (83) comprise three locking elements (111).

9. Transmission with wheel pairs, each comprising a fixed wheel (5, 6) and an idler (7, 8) for realizing a gear in the transmission, characterized in that at least one device (11, 12) for synchronization according to one of the preceding claims is arranged between two adjacent idlers (7, 8) of the transmission on a transmission shaft (2).

10. Method for synchronizing in a transmission according to claim 9 between a transmission shaft (2) and an idler (7, 8) rotatably arranged on the transmission shaft (2) by means of a device (11, 12) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the synchronizing means (21) and the clutch means (20) are successively displaced by a relative movement of the actuating means (9) with respect to the idler (7, 8) such that the idler (7, 8) is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the transmission shaft (2), wherein the locking means (23; 83; 165, 205) ensure: only when the transmission shaft (2) and the idler wheels (7, 8) have substantially the same rotational speed does the respective idler wheel (7, 8) be connected to the transmission shaft (2) in a rotationally fixed manner.