CN111518032A - 一种Gboxin的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种Gboxin的制备方法,采用邻苯二胺与正丙醛发生反应,制得2‑乙基‑1H‑苯并咪唑,再与氯乙酸‑L‑薄荷酯发生N‑烷基化反应,生成2‑(2‑乙基‑1H‑苯并咪唑)乙酸‑L‑薄荷酯,然后用碘甲烷进行甲基化生成苯并咪唑鎓盐,最后用氯离子交换树脂将碘离子交换为氯离子即得最终产物Gboxin。本发明所建立的工艺路线短、条件温和、操作简单、设备要求低,并且所得产物纯度高、产率高,适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种Gboxin的制备方法。
背景技术
Gboxin是一种氧化磷酸化抑制剂,可抑制F0F1 ATP合成酶活性,靶向抑制胶质母细胞瘤生长,具有抗肿瘤活性。
目前报道的Gboxin的合成方法主要有以下几种:
(1)以邻苯二胺为起始原料,与正丙醛或正丙酸反应生成2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑,后依次经过烷基化,还原,缩合,甲基化和离子交换等步骤制得Gboxin,总收率不足3%(WO2017100525A1),具体反应方程式如下:
该方法在制备2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑是需在微波下高温反应或使用大量有机溶剂,且在后续还原及缩合过程中都会有大量有机副产物生成,原子经济性差,环保压力大,设备要求也较高,且总收率太低,不适合放大生产。
(2)以2-氟硝基苯为起始原料,依次经过亲核取代,缩合,还原,环化,甲基化和离子交换等步骤制得Gboxin(WO2017100525A1),具体反应方程式如下:
该方法中有多部反应需在高压釜中进行,对设备要求高;还原过程需使用氢气和钯/碳体系,存在较大的安全隐患;且甲基化时直接用碘甲烷作为溶剂,用量巨大,生产成本太高,不适合工业化生产。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中存在的上述不足,提供一种Gboxin的制备方法,改进配方和生产工艺,降低设备要求,减少工业废物排放,以较低的成本制备出高产率、高纯度的Gboxin。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种Gboxin的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)2-(2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑)乙酸-L-薄荷酯的合成:将2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑用溶剂溶解后加入碱及氯乙酸-L-薄荷酯,加热反应,将反应液过滤,滤液浓缩后经柱纯化得2-(2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑)乙酸-L-薄荷酯;
2)苯并咪唑鎓盐的合成:2-(2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑)乙酸-L-薄荷酯用溶剂溶解后加入过量的碘甲烷反应,将反应液降温后过滤,所得固体用溶剂淋洗,干燥,即得相应的苯并咪唑鎓盐;
3)Gboxin的合成:步骤2)所得苯并咪唑鎓盐用甲醇溶解后,加等体积的水稀释,然后加入氯离子交换树脂搅拌,过滤并用水淋洗树脂,将淋洗液与滤液合并后浓缩,所得固体经重结晶后即得Gboxin。
按上述方案,所述的氯乙酸-L-薄荷酯的合成方法是:将L-薄荷醇溶解后加入碱和催化量的DMAP,降温后将氯乙酰氯缓慢滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后室温反应,将反应液过滤,滤液经洗涤,干燥,过滤,浓缩后即得氯乙酸-L-薄荷酯。
按上述方案,所述的2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑的合成方法是:将亚硫酸氢钠,水和正丙醛混合,在磁力搅拌下加热,向其中加入邻苯二胺反应,将反应液冷却后萃取,有机相浓缩,将所得固体洗涤后干燥即得2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑。
按上述方案,步骤1)所述的加热反应条件是50-90℃下反应2-12h。
按上述方案,步骤1)所述2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑与氯乙酸-L-薄荷酯的摩尔比为1:1-1.5,2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑与碱的摩尔比为1:1.5-2。
按上述方案,步骤2)所述2-(2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑)乙酸-L-薄荷酯与碘甲烷的摩尔比为1:3-5。按上述方案,步骤3)所述苯并咪唑鎓盐与氯离子交换树脂的质量比为1:4-10,所述的重结晶条件为Gboxin与甲醇质量体积比1g:1.5-2ml,甲醇与水的体积比为1:2.5-4。
按上述方案,邻二苯胺与水的质量体积比为1g:20-40ml,邻二苯胺与正丙醛的摩尔比为1:1,邻二苯胺与亚硫酸氢钠的摩尔比为1:10-20。
本发明所涉及的反应方程式为:
与现有工艺相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1、制备2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑时,醛先与亚硫酸氢钠加成后进一步与邻苯二胺反应生成单取代的亚胺中间体,该中间体容易发生副反应生成二取代的副产物,但当体系中有大量亚硫酸氢钠时可抑制副产物的生成,因此需保证体系中有足够的亚硫酸氢钠存在。本发明以水为溶剂,对亚硫酸氢钠溶解度大,可保证体系中有足够的亚硫酸氢钠存在而不发生副反应,在以低成本,高收率,高纯度制备2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑的同时,大幅减少了有机溶剂的使用与有机废液的排放,更有利于放大生产;
2、直接以氯乙酰氯作为连接臂,与L-薄荷醇缩合后再进行N-烷基化反应,缩短了反应路线,且无需使用大量的还原剂和缩合剂,减少了有机废物及废酸的产生,同时将N-烷基化反应在溶剂体系中进行,大幅减少了碘甲烷的用量,降低了生产成本;
3、现有工艺中有各步反应产物均需用柱色谱进行纯化,耗时长,效率低。本发明通过改进工艺条件后,多步中间体都可直接通过后处理得到纯度较高的产物,且用重结晶的方法对终产物进行纯化,简单易行,所得产物晶型更好,纯度更高,可达99.9%以上;
4、该方法工艺路线短,设备要求低,环境污染小,操作简单,所得产物收率高,总收率高达74%,生产成本低,适合工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所制备的Gboxin的1H NMR图;
图2为本发明实施例1所制备的Gboxin的液相色谱图;
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
(1)氯乙酸-L-薄荷酯(2)的合成:
向500mL三口烧瓶中加入31.2g L-薄荷醇,用300mL DCM溶解后加入22.3g三乙胺及催化量的DMAP,在冰水浴中降温至0℃。将24.9g氯乙酰氯缓慢滴加到上述溶液中,滴加过程中保持温度在0-5℃,滴加完毕后恢复至室温反应12h。TLC显示原料消耗完后,将反应液过滤,滤液用300mL×3水洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得无色油状液体46g,收率98.8%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.77(td,J=10.8,4.4Hz,1H),4.03(d,J=1.6Hz,2H),2.04-1.99(m,1H),1.89-1.82(m,1H),1.75-1.62(m,2H),1.54-1.38(m,2H),1.12-1.00(m,2H),0.92-0.89(m,7H),0.77(d,J=6.8Hz,3H)。
(2)2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑(4)的合成:
向1000mL三口烧瓶中加入230g NaHSO3,600mL水和11.6g正丙醛,在磁力搅拌下加热至回流后,向其中加入21.6g邻苯二胺,保持温度在105℃反应30min。TLC显示原料消耗完后,将反应液冷却至室温,用200mL×3乙酸乙酯萃取,合并上层有机相,浓缩至干,将所得固体用50mL×2水洗涤,真空干燥,得白色粉末27.5g,收率94.0%。1H NMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ7.50-7.46(m,2H),7.20-7.15(m,2H),2.91(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。
(3)2-(2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑)乙酸-L-薄荷酯(5)的合成:
向250mL三口烧瓶中加入10.2g中间体4,用40mL丙酮溶解,然后加入19.35g K2CO3及24.4g中间体2,在60℃下回流反应3h。TLC显示中间体4消耗完,停止反应,过滤。滤液浓缩后得棕色油状粗品。经柱纯化(PE:EA=50:1-5:1)后得淡黄色油状物21.8g,收率91.0%。1HNMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ7.63-7.56(m,1H),7.35-7.28(m,1H),7.26-7.18(m,2H),5.03(d,J=4.8Hz,2H),4.68(td,J=10.9,4.4Hz,1H),2.86(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.99-1.90(m,1H),1.66-1.53(m,3H),1.46-1.36(m,4H),1.30-1.22(m,1H),1.08-0.93(m,2H),0.92-0.72(m,7H),0.63(d,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
(4)苯并咪唑鎓盐(6)的合成:
向250mL三口烧瓶中加入16.5g中间体5,用150mL乙酸乙酯溶解后加入34g碘甲烷,在65℃下反应2h。TLC显示中间体5消耗完,停止反应。将反应液于冰水浴中降温至10℃以下后过滤,所得固体用乙酸乙酯淋洗,真空干燥,得白色片状晶体22.1g,收率95.1%。
(5)Gboxin的合成
取18g中间体6,用70mL甲醇溶解后,加70mL纯净水稀释,然后加入70g 717阴离子交换树脂,在室温下搅拌30min,过滤,用150mL纯净水淋洗树脂,将淋洗液与滤液合并后浓缩至干得白色固体14.5g。将所得固体用25mL甲醇在60℃下搅拌溶解,在此温度下滴加70mL水,滴加完毕停止加热和搅拌,待其降温结晶,过滤后将所得晶体真空干燥,得白色针状晶体13.2g,收率90.8%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.78-7.65(m,1H),7.63-7.45(m,3H),5.58(d,J=18.8,1H),5.50(d,J=18.4,1H),4.76(td,J=10.8,4.4Hz,1H),4.14(s,3H),3.68-3.56(m,2H),2.01-1.89(m,1H),1.77-1.73(m,1H),1.70-1.61(m,2H),1.54-1.27(m,5H),1.13-0.94(m,2H),0.90-0.86(m,7H),0.69(d,J=6.8Hz,3H)。
如图1为本发明实施例1所制备的Gboxin的1H NMR图,7.78-7.45ppm处的两组峰为苯环H的化学位移,5.58和5.50ppm处的两组峰为N-CH2-C(O)-O中亚甲基H的化学位移,4.76ppm处为酯基中次甲基H的化学位移,4.17ppm处的单峰为N-甲基H的化学位移,3.68-3.56ppm处的多重峰为-CH2-CH3中亚甲基H的化学位移,2.01-0.69ppm的多组峰为-CH2-CH3中的甲基H和六元环上饱和H的化学位移。从核磁图谱中各组峰的峰型和化学位移可知,本发明实施例1所制备的化合物结构与目标分子完全吻合,结合图2可见,本发明制备的Gboxin纯度高达99.93%。
实施例2
(1)氯乙酸-L-薄荷酯(2)的合成:
向500mL三口烧瓶中加入46.9g L-薄荷醇,用300mL DCM溶解后加入28.4g吡啶及催化量的DMAP,在冰水浴中降温至0℃。将40.7g氯乙酰氯缓慢滴加到上述溶液中,滴加过程中保持温度在0-5℃,滴加完毕后恢复至室温反应2h。TLC显示原料消耗完后,将反应液过滤,滤液用300mL×3水洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得无色油状液体68.6g,收率98.2%。
(2)2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑(4)的合成:
向3000mL三口烧瓶中加入624g NaHSO3,1500mL水和17.4g正丙醛,在磁力搅拌下加热至回流后,向其中加入32.4g邻苯二胺,保持温度在90℃反应1h。将反应液冷却至室温,用400mL×3乙酸乙酯萃取,合并上层有机相,浓缩至干,将所得固体用100mL×2水洗涤,真空干燥,得白色粉末41.1g,收率93.7%。
(3)2-(2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑)乙酸-L-薄荷酯(5)的合成:
向250mL三口烧瓶中加入14.6g中间体4,用50mL DMF溶解,然后加入20.7g K2CO3及27.9g中间体2,在90℃下反应2h。停止反应,过滤。滤液浓缩后得棕色油状粗品。经柱纯化(PE:EA=50:1-5:1)后得淡黄色油状物29.8g,收率87.0%。
(4)苯并咪唑鎓盐(6)的合成:
向250mL三口烧瓶中加入27.4g中间体5,用200mL乙酸乙酯溶解后加入45.3g碘甲烷,在40℃下反应6h。将反应液于冰水浴中降温至10℃以下后过滤,所得固体用乙酸乙酯淋洗,真空干燥,得白色片状晶体37.0g,收率95.6%。
(5)Gboxin的合成
取24.2g中间体6,用150mL甲醇溶解后,加150mL纯净水稀释,然后加入150g 717阴离子交换树脂,在室温下搅拌30min,过滤,用300mL纯净水淋洗树脂,将淋洗液与滤液合并后浓缩至干得白色固体19.5g。将所得固体用40mL甲醇在60℃下搅拌溶解,在此温度下滴加150mL水,滴加完毕停止加热和搅拌,待其降温结晶,过滤后将所得晶体真空干燥,得白色针状晶体17.7g,收率90.1%。
实施例3
(1)氯乙酸-L-薄荷酯(2)的合成:
向1000mL三口烧瓶中加入62.4g L-薄荷醇,用300mL DCM溶解后加入40.4g三乙胺及催化量的DMAP,在冰水浴中降温至0℃。将45.2g氯乙酰氯缓慢滴加到上述溶液中,滴加过程中保持温度在0-5℃,滴加完毕后恢复至室温反应6h。将反应液过滤,滤液用300mL×3水洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得无色油状液体90.9g,收率97.7%。(2)2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑(4)的合成:
向2L三口烧瓶中加入416g NaHSO3,1L水和23.2g正丙醛,在磁力搅拌下加热至回流后,向其中加入43.2g邻苯二胺,保持温度在100℃反应6h。将反应液冷却至室温,用300mL×3乙酸乙酯萃取,合并上层有机相,浓缩至干,将所得固体用100mL×2水洗涤,真空干燥,得白色粉末54.3g,收率93.0%。
(3)2-(2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑)乙酸-L-薄荷酯(5)的合成:
向250mL三口烧瓶中加入21.9g中间体4,用200mL乙腈溶解,然后加入58.6g Cs2CO3及34.9g中间体2,在50℃下回流反应12h。停止反应,过滤,滤液浓缩后得棕色油状粗品。经柱纯化(PE:EA=50:1-5:1)后得淡黄色油状物42.1g,收率81.9%。
(4)苯并咪唑鎓盐(6)的合成:
向250mL三口烧瓶中加入34.2g中间体5,用200mL乙酸乙酯溶解后加入42.5g碘甲烷,在室温下反应12h。将反应液于冰水浴中降温至10℃以下后过滤,所得固体用乙酸乙酯淋洗,真空干燥,得白色片状晶体45.1g,收率93.1%。
(5)Gboxin的合成
取38.5g中间体6,用350mL甲醇溶解后,加350mL纯净水稀释,然后加入350g 717阴离子交换树脂,在室温下搅拌30min,过滤,用500mL纯净水淋洗树脂,将淋洗液与滤液合并后浓缩至干得白色固体30.8g。将所得固体用50mL甲醇在60℃下搅拌溶解,在此温度下滴加150mL水,滴加完毕停止加热和搅拌,待其降温结晶,过滤后将所得晶体真空干燥,得白色针状晶体28.5g,收率91.2%。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的实例,而并非对实施方式的限制。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,上述数据表明在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而因此所引申的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种Gboxin的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)2-(2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑)乙酸-L-薄荷酯的合成:将2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑用溶剂溶解后加入碱及氯乙酸-L-薄荷酯,加热反应,将反应液过滤,滤液浓缩后经柱纯化得2-(2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑)乙酸-L-薄荷酯;
2)苯并咪唑鎓盐的合成:2-(2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑)乙酸-L-薄荷酯用溶剂溶解后加入过量的碘甲烷反应,将反应液降温后过滤,所得固体用溶剂淋洗,干燥,即得相应的苯并咪唑鎓盐;
3)Gboxin的合成:步骤2)所得苯并咪唑鎓盐用甲醇溶解后,加等体积的水稀释,然后加入氯离子交换树脂搅拌,过滤并用水淋洗树脂,将淋洗液与滤液合并后浓缩,所得固体经重结晶后即得Gboxin。
2.根据权利要求1所述的Gboxin的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的氯乙酸-L-薄荷酯的合成方法是:将L-薄荷醇溶解后加入碱和催化量的DMAP,降温后将氯乙酰氯缓慢滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后室温反应,将反应液过滤,滤液经洗涤,干燥,过滤,浓缩后即得氯乙酸-L-薄荷酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的Gboxin的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑的合成方法是:将亚硫酸氢钠,水和正丙醛混合,在磁力搅拌下加热,向其中加入邻苯二胺反应,将反应液冷却后萃取,有机相浓缩,将所得固体洗涤后干燥即得2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑。
4.根据权利要求1所述的Gboxin的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所述的加热反应条件是50-90℃下反应2-12h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的Gboxin的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所述2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑与氯乙酸-L-薄荷酯的摩尔比为1:1-1.5,2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑与碱的摩尔比为1:1.5-2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的Gboxin的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)所述2-(2-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑)乙酸-L-薄荷酯与碘甲烷的摩尔比为1:3-5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的Gboxin的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3)所述苯并咪唑鎓盐与氯离子交换树脂的质量比为1:4-10,所述的重结晶条件为Gboxin与甲醇质量体积比1g:1.5-2ml,甲醇与水的体积比为1:2.5-4。
8.根据权利要求3所述的Gboxin的制备方法,其特征在于:邻二苯胺与水的质量体积比为1g:20-40ml,邻二苯胺与正丙醛的摩尔比为1:1,邻二苯胺与亚硫酸氢钠的摩尔比为1:10-20。
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Effective date of registration: 20220223 Address after: 430000 Hyundai, No. 41, Guanggu Avenue, Donghu New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei Province C17, No. 03, floor 14, building 4, phase I, international design City Applicant after: Wuhan chuantai Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 430024 floor 6, building 2, No. 79, Jiangxing Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province Applicant before: Wuhan Luoshi Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20200811 |