CN111517900A - Composite propellant with propynyl-terminated polybutadiene as adhesive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite propellant with propynyl-terminated polybutadiene as adhesive and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111517900A
CN111517900A CN201911270095.8A CN201911270095A CN111517900A CN 111517900 A CN111517900 A CN 111517900A CN 201911270095 A CN201911270095 A CN 201911270095A CN 111517900 A CN111517900 A CN 111517900A
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China
Prior art keywords
curing
adhesive
mixture
propynyl
composite propellant
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CN201911270095.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李建民
李永辉
杨荣杰
高文博
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Priority to CN201911270095.8A priority Critical patent/CN111517900A/en
Publication of CN111517900A publication Critical patent/CN111517900A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/06Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/0058Shaping the mixture by casting a curable composition, e.g. of the plastisol type
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/12Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/04Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
    • C06B45/06Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
    • C06B45/10Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06DMEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite propellant with propynyl polybutadiene (PTPB) as an adhesive and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of propellant preparation. The CuAAC reaction is adopted to replace the carbamate reaction, and the alkynyl polymer and the azide react to form a new polytriazole curing system, so that the problems that the traditional composite propellant is sensitive to humidity, high in isocyanate toxicity, high in price and the like are hopefully solved. The selected low molecular weight azido glycidyl ether (GAP) energetic curing agent further improves the energy level of the system.

Description

Composite propellant with propynyl-terminated polybutadiene as adhesive and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite propellant taking propynyl polybutadiene as an adhesive and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of propellant preparation.
Background
Modern composite solid propellants are generally produced by reacting hydroxyl terminated (-OH) polyester and polyether prepolymers with isocyanate (-NCO) to form a polyurethane (-NH-COO-) binder system as a matrix for carrying solid fillers. For polyurethane systems, the isocyanate curative reacts very readily with amino, water, urea, urethane, and the like, as well as the active hydrogens on the hydroxyl groups of the polyester and polyether prepolymers. Wherein, isocyanate reacts with water to generate carbamic acid which is unstable and can be rapidly decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide, and pores are easily formed in the propellant, thereby influencing the mechanical property, the storage property and the safety performance of the propellant. Therefore, the propellant is greatly influenced by humidity during production and processing, and the requirement on the water content of each component of the propellant is extremely high. Isocyanate is extremely toxic, the synthesis process is complex and difficult to control, the manufacturing cost is high, the safety requirement is high, and certain pollution is caused to the environment. To better overcome the above disadvantages, the development of other binder systems is one direction in the future of propellant development. By utilizing the click chemistry principle, the CuAAC reaction is adopted to replace the carbamate reaction, and the alkynyl polymer and the azide form a new polytriazole curing system, so that the problems of the traditional solid composite propellant curing system are expected to be solved, and the application range of the solid composite propellant curing system is expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a composite propellant taking propynyl-terminated polybutadiene as an adhesive and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a composite propellant with propynyl-terminated polybutadiene as an adhesive, which is characterized in that: the propellant comprises the following components in parts by mass based on 100 parts of the total mass of the propellant:
5-20 parts of adhesive system
0-20 parts of aluminum powder
The balance being an oxidant
The propellant can also comprise an elementary explosive, and the propellant comprises the following components in parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the propellant:
5-20 parts of adhesive system
0-20 parts of aluminum powder
0-15 parts of elementary explosive
The balance being an oxidant
The adhesive system comprises an adhesive, a plasticizer, a curing agent and a curing accelerator, wherein the mass fraction of the plasticizer is 65-100 parts, the mass fraction of the curing agent is 6-8 parts, and the mass fraction of the curing accelerator is 10 parts, calculated by taking the mass of the adhesive as 100 parts;
the adhesive is terminated propynyl polybutadiene, the number average molecular weight is 2700-4600, and the alkynyl content is 0.48mmol/g-0.71 mmol/g;
the plasticizer is diisooctyl sebacate or dioctyl sebacate;
the curing agent is azido glycidyl ether (GAP), the number average molecular weight is 427, and the functionality is 3.82;
the particle size range of the aluminum powder is 100nm-10 mu m;
the oxidant is one or more of ammonium perchlorate or potassium perchlorate;
the elementary explosive is one or a mixture of more than two of hexogen (RDX), HMX and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20).
The invention discloses a preparation method of a composite propellant with propynyl polybutadiene as an adhesive, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing a plasticizer, an adhesive and a curing accelerator at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, then adding aluminum powder and an oxidant, and fully mixing to obtain a mixture A;
(2) adding a curing agent into the mixture A obtained in the step (1), and fully mixing to obtain a mixture B;
(3) and (3) carrying out vacuum casting on the mixture B obtained in the step (2), and curing after casting is finished, wherein the curing temperature is 50-60 ℃, the curing time is 5-7 days, and the composite propellant with the propynyl-terminated polybutadiene as the adhesive is obtained after curing is finished.
When the composite propellant also comprises an elementary explosive, the preparation method of the composite propellant with the propynyl polybutadiene as the adhesive is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing a plasticizer, an adhesive and a curing accelerator at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, then adding the elemental explosive, the aluminum powder and the oxidant, and fully mixing to obtain a mixture A;
(2) adding a curing agent into the mixture A obtained in the step (1), and fully mixing to obtain a mixture B;
(3) and (3) carrying out vacuum casting on the mixture B obtained in the step (2), and curing after casting is finished, wherein the curing temperature is 50-60 ℃, the curing time is 5-7 days, and the composite propellant with the propynyl-terminated polybutadiene as the adhesive is obtained after curing is finished.
Advantageous effects
(1) The invention aims at the starting point of improving the reaction activity of an oxidant during the combustion of the propellant and the content of gas-phase products in combustion products, provides a polytriazole curing system to replace the original polyurethane system of the propellant, and designs a formula of a composite propellant with the propynyl-terminated polybutadiene as an adhesive.
(2) The invention aims to form a novel adhesive system through the click chemical reaction of alkynyl-terminated polybutadiene and azido glycidyl ether, and has great application value for the problems of high requirement on moisture, high toxicity of an isocyanate curing agent and the like in the curing process of the traditional HTPB composite propellant.
(3) The method of the invention forms a cross-linking network by the adhesive and the curing agent, and adjusts the mechanical property by the plasticizer, thus obtaining the proper mechanical property.
(4) The composite propellant prepared by the invention and taking the propynyl-terminated polybutadiene as the adhesive adopts the energy-containing curing agent, and the energy-containing group is introduced into the system, so that the energy performance of the system can be further improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The formula comprises the following components: 7.74 g of adhesive, 6.68 g of plasticizer, 0.60 g of curing agent, 77.4 mg of curing catalyst, 18 g of aluminum powder and 67 g of oxidant. The particle size of the powdery aluminum was 5 μm.
The adhesive adopts alkynyl-terminated polybutadiene with the number average molecular weight of 2700-;
the plasticizer is diisooctyl sebacate;
the curing agent is azido glycidyl ether (GAP), the number average molecular weight is 427, and the functionality is 3.82;
the oxidant is ammonium perchlorate;
mixing a plasticizer, an adhesive and a curing accelerator at the temperature of 60 ℃, then adding aluminum powder and an oxidant, fully mixing, then adding a curing agent, fully mixing, carrying out vacuum casting on the obtained mixture, curing after casting is finished, wherein the curing temperature is 60 ℃, the curing time is 7 days, and obtaining the propynyl-terminated polybutadiene composite propellant after curing is finished.
Example 2
The formula comprises the following components: 6.18 g of adhesive, 5.34 g of plasticizer, 0.48 g of curing agent, 61.8 mg of curing catalyst, 20 g of aluminum powder, 53 g of oxidant and 15g of elementary explosive. The particle size of the aluminum powder is 2 mu m;
the adhesive adopts alkynyl-terminated polybutadiene with the number average molecular weight of 2700-;
the plasticizer is diisooctyl sebacate;
the curing agent is azido glycidyl ether (GAP), the number average molecular weight is 427, and the functionality is 3.82;
the oxidant is Ammonium Perchlorate (AP);
the elementary explosive is hexogen (RDX).
Mixing a plasticizer and an adhesive at the temperature of 60 ℃, then adding an elementary explosive, aluminum powder, an oxidant and a fluorine-containing organic combustion catalyst, fully mixing, then adding a curing agent, fully mixing, carrying out vacuum casting on the obtained mixture, curing after casting is finished, wherein the curing temperature is 60 ℃, the curing time is 7 days, and obtaining the propynyl-terminated polybutadiene composite propellant after curing is finished.
Example 3
The formula comprises the following components: 9.81 g of adhesive, 6.38 g of plasticizer, 0.81 g of curing agent, 98.1 mg of curing catalyst, 10 g of aluminum powder and 73 g of oxidant. The particle size of the aluminum powder is 500 nm.
The adhesive adopts alkynyl-terminated polybutadiene with the number average molecular weight of 2700-;
the plasticizer is dioctyl sebacate;
the curing agent is azido glycidyl ether (GAP), the number average molecular weight is 427, and the functionality is 3.82;
the oxidant is Ammonium Perchlorate (AP);
mixing a plasticizer, an adhesive and a curing accelerator at the temperature of 60 ℃, then adding aluminum powder and an oxidant, fully mixing, then adding a curing agent, fully mixing, carrying out vacuum casting on the obtained mixture, curing after casting is finished, wherein the curing temperature is 60 ℃, the curing time is 7 days, and obtaining the propynyl-terminated polybutadiene composite propellant after curing is finished.

Claims (8)

1. A composite propellant with propynyl polybutadiene as an adhesive and a preparation method thereof are characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing a plasticizer, an adhesive and a curing accelerator at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, then adding aluminum powder and an oxidant, and fully mixing to obtain a mixture A;
(2) adding a curing agent into the mixture A obtained in the step (1), and fully mixing to obtain a mixture B;
(3) and (3) carrying out vacuum casting on the mixture B obtained in the step (2), and curing after casting is finished, wherein the curing temperature is 50-60 ℃, the curing time is 5-7 days, and the composite propellant with the propynyl-terminated polybutadiene as the adhesive is obtained after curing is finished.
When the composite propellant also comprises an elementary explosive, the preparation method of the composite propellant with the propynyl polybutadiene as the adhesive is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing a plasticizer, an adhesive and a curing accelerator at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, then adding the elemental explosive, the aluminum powder and the oxidant, and fully mixing to obtain a mixture A;
(2) adding a curing agent into the mixture A obtained in the step (1), and fully mixing to obtain a mixture B;
(3) and (3) carrying out vacuum casting on the mixture B obtained in the step (2), and curing after casting is finished, wherein the curing temperature is 50-60 ℃, the curing time is 5-7 days, and the composite propellant with the propynyl-terminated polybutadiene as the adhesive is obtained after curing is finished.
2. The process as described in claim 1, wherein the binder is a propynyl polybutadiene having a number average molecular weight of 2700-.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is diisooctyl sebacate or dioctyl sebacate.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the curing agent is azidoglycidyl ether (GAP), has a number average molecular weight of 427 and a functionality of 3.82.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum powder has a particle size in the range of 100nm to 10 μm.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent is one or more selected from ammonium perchlorate and potassium perchlorate.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the elemental explosive is one or a mixture of two or more of hexogen (RDX), HMX, and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20).
8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the casting conditions are vacuum casting, the curing temperature is 50 to 60 ℃ and the curing time is 5 to 7 days.
CN201911270095.8A 2019-12-12 2019-12-12 Composite propellant with propynyl-terminated polybutadiene as adhesive and preparation method thereof Pending CN111517900A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5942720A (en) * 1993-04-29 1999-08-24 Cordant Technologies Inc. Processing and curing aid for composite propellants
US20040200553A1 (en) * 2003-03-10 2004-10-14 Amtower Paul K. Propellant formulation
CN102516434A (en) * 2011-12-14 2012-06-27 武汉理工大学 Preparation method of alkynyl polybutadiene
GB8816781D0 (en) * 1987-07-21 2013-10-30 Thiokol Corp High-energy formulation having an elastomeric bonder formed from mixed hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
CN110423184A (en) * 2019-08-01 2019-11-08 上海航天化工应用研究所 A kind of solid propellant rocket propellant and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8816781D0 (en) * 1987-07-21 2013-10-30 Thiokol Corp High-energy formulation having an elastomeric bonder formed from mixed hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
US5942720A (en) * 1993-04-29 1999-08-24 Cordant Technologies Inc. Processing and curing aid for composite propellants
US20040200553A1 (en) * 2003-03-10 2004-10-14 Amtower Paul K. Propellant formulation
CN102516434A (en) * 2011-12-14 2012-06-27 武汉理工大学 Preparation method of alkynyl polybutadiene
CN110423184A (en) * 2019-08-01 2019-11-08 上海航天化工应用研究所 A kind of solid propellant rocket propellant and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20200811