CN111516505A - 用于电动车辆的电驱动器 - Google Patents

用于电动车辆的电驱动器 Download PDF

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CN111516505A
CN111516505A CN202010077898.8A CN202010077898A CN111516505A CN 111516505 A CN111516505 A CN 111516505A CN 202010077898 A CN202010077898 A CN 202010077898A CN 111516505 A CN111516505 A CN 111516505A
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voltage
inverter
phase
bridge
motor
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葛宝明
陈礼华
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/02—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
    • B60L15/08—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit using pulses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
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    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
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    • H02M7/4826—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode operating from a resonant DC source, i.e. the DC input voltage varies periodically, e.g. resonant DC-link inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/427—Voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
    • H02P2201/03—AC-DC converter stage controlled to provide a defined DC link voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract

本公开提供了“用于电动车辆的电驱动器”。一种车辆，其包括具有第一半桥和第二半桥的逆变器，所述第一半桥和所述第二半桥被配置成向电机提供多相电压。所述车辆还包括控制器，所述控制器被配置成激活所述第一半桥的开关并且对所述第二半桥的开关进行脉冲宽度调制，以将所述逆变器的轨条上的谐振输出传导到所述电机，使得针对所述电机的周期的至少六分之一产生所述多相电压。所述激活是响应于扭矩命令。

Description

用于电动车辆的电驱动器
技术领域
本公开涉及用于车辆的电机的电驱动器。
背景技术
直流至交流(AC)逆变器可以被配置成驱动并操作电机。脉冲宽度调制信号可以驱动逆变器的固态开关以操作电机。连续的开关激活会导致损耗，从而增加功耗和热量产生。
发明内容
一种车辆包括具有第一半桥和第二半桥的逆变器，所述第一半桥和第二半桥被配置成向电机提供多相电压。所述车辆还包括控制器，所述控制器被配置成激活第一半桥的开关并且对第二半桥的开关进行脉冲宽度调制以将逆变器的轨条上的谐振输出传导到电机，使得针对电机的周期的至少六分之一产生多相电压。所述激活是响应于扭矩命令。
一种车辆包括可变电压转换器，所述可变电压转换器被配置成将谐振输出驱动到被配置成向电机提供电力的逆变器的上轨条和下轨条。所述车辆包括控制器，所述控制器被配置成操作可变电压转换器的开关，使得谐振输出的频率是角频率的六倍。所述操作是响应于接收到电机的角频率。
一种方法包括通过激活逆变器的第一半桥的开关并且对逆变器的第二半桥的开关进行脉冲宽度调制以将逆变器的轨条上的谐振输出传导到电机，来针对电机的周期的至少六分之一产生电机的多相电压。所述产生是响应于扭矩命令。
附图说明
图1是电动车辆的电力传输系统的示意图；
图2是描绘电机的多相输出和针对电机的半桥状态的曲线图；
图3是用于逆变器的开关的逻辑算法；
图4A是描绘电力传输系统的低压操作的曲线图；
图4B是描绘逆变器的输出相电压、电流和开关操作的曲线图；
图4C是描绘逆变器的输出相间电压和开关操作的曲线图；
图5A是描绘电力传输系统的高压操作的曲线图；以及
图5B是描绘逆变器的开关操作和逆变器的多相输出的曲线图。
具体实施方式
本文描述了本公开的实施例。然而，应当理解，所公开的实施例仅是示例并且其他实施例可以采用各种形式和替代形式。附图不一定按比例绘制；一些特征可以被放大或最小化以示出特定部件的细节。因此，本文公开的具体结构和功能细节并不解释为限制性，而仅解释为用于教导本领域技术人员以各种方式采用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解，参考附图中的任何一个示出和描述的各种特征可以与一个或多个其他附图中示出的特征进行组合，以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。所示特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，对于特定应用或实施方式来说，与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和修改可能是所期望的。
电动车辆和混合动力车辆的动力传动系统包括电池模块和电机。电池模块中存储的直流电经由逆变器进行转化以操作电机。逆变器被配置成经由脉冲宽度调制来改变电机的角频率。脉冲宽度调制可以操作在固态开关(例如，IGBT)上的栅极驱动器，以可变地允许电流从电池流到电机。为了提高性能，可以使用可变电压转换器(“VVC”)来使电池电压阶梯升高到逆变器轨条的电压。本公开还包括可以用于将电池电压阶梯降低到逆变器轨条的电压的VVC。这样，可以使能量消耗适于逆变器的必要轨电压。
VVC可以进一步被配置成输出谐振电压。也就是说，电压根据电机的速度谐振(例如具有一定频率)。例如，谐振输出为36Hz的VVC将适当地为三相绕线的并且在6Hz角频率下操作的电机供电。转换器的开关可以被配置成将谐振输出直接或间接地传导到电机。也就是说，谐振输出在开关周期的至少一部分内直接驱动电机。并且实际上，可以通过减小平均开关频率来降低开关损耗。
参考图1，示出了车辆100。车辆100包括电池102和电机106。电池102连接到可变电压转换器(VVC)120。VVC 120包括改进型降压-升压转换器，该转换器具有两个电感器126、128、电容器129以及布置在改进的半桥中的一对开关122、124。VVC包括正谐振输出160P和负谐振输出160N。谐振输出160P和160N中的一个可以间歇地谐振或根本不谐振。另外，负谐振输出可以相对于正谐振输出以倒置模式谐振。VVC 120的谐振输出160P、160N的频率通过由控制器108进行的脉冲宽度调制来确定，所述控制器108被配置成驱动开关122、124的栅极。VVC的开关的占空比等于等式(1)。
Figure BDA0002379104030000031
车辆100包括直流侧电容器104。直流侧电容器104可以具有足够小的电容来确保谐振不减弱，同时具有足够大的电容来限制电压降。
车辆100包括逆变器140，所述逆变器140包括用于每个相154、156、158的半桥142、146、150。半桥142、146、150中的每一个包括开关144P、144N、148P、148N、152P、152N，每个开关对应于与正极轨条160P或负极轨条160N的相应连接。因此，每个开关被配置成将相应的谐振输出传导到相应的相154、156、158，以向电机106提供多相电压。
控制器108可以包括各种驱动器、缓冲器和模拟电路，以激励开关144P、144N、148P、148N、152P、152N的栅极。开关144P、144N、148P、148N、152P、152N可以由脉冲宽度调制信号驱动，所述脉冲宽度调制信号被配置成生成正弦波形的所需部分。控制器108可以包括参考载波波形以产生适当的输出。
参考图2和图3，示出了曲线图200。曲线图200包括提供给电机106的三相或多相电压154、156、158。电机106的一个基本周期被分成六个区202、204、206、208、210、212。即，相154、156、158中的一者的一个周期等于电机的一个完整周期。对于前两个六分之一202、204，半桥142被表示为“1”(即，接通)。也就是说，开关144P接通，而开关144N断开，使得相电压154直接来自正极轨条160P，并产生波形154。对于第一个六分之一202，如图所示，半桥146被表示为“0”(即，断开)。也就是说，在从VVC 120到轨条160N的输出未谐振的情况下，开关148P断开并且开关148N接通，使得相电压156直接来自底部轨条160N并且从160N产生波形156或直流电压参考。另外，半桥150被表示为“PWM”，这意味着对于第一个六分之一202，两个开关152P、152N均根据基于锯齿载波的脉冲宽度调制计划和基于等式2的经修改的正弦参考电压操作。
Figure BDA0002379104030000041
其中PWM的占空比DC从半桥150产生相电压158，所述占空比用于形成电机106的基本周期的第一个六分之一202。类似地，其他半桥142、146也以根据等式3的占空比操作，等式3是用于计算三个相桥的占空比的通用等式。
Figure BDA0002379104030000051
其中相的占空比D相在图3中指定。参数SA2330B、SB2332B、SC2334B通过与vA154、vB156、vC158的相应比较来确定。例如，如果相电压的振幅为vm，则vA154可以与0.5vm和-0.5vm进行比较。在一次只有SA1330A、SA2330B、SA3330C值中的一个为真的情况下，vA大于0.5vm可能导致SA1为真并且导致SA2、SA3为假。
也就是说，对于电机106的周期的至少六分之一，电机106通过由开关144P、144N形成的电路从VVC120的正谐振输出160P接收未改变的电力，并且通过由开关148P、148N形成的电路从VVC120接收经脉冲宽度调制的电力。另外，电机106可以通过由开关152P、152N形成的电路从VVC120的负谐振输出160N接收未改变的电力，如经由图3的逻辑所示。
参考图4A至图4C，示出了随时间变化的多个工况400。在图4A中，示出了谐振输出160P具有大约16V的RMS电压。示出了电池电压102具有低于200V的电压。示出了电感器L1或电池电流103接近5A。如图4B中所示，上开关148P在第一个六分之一期间具有接通时段，并且在第二个六分之一期间具有脉冲宽度调制。也就是说，第一个六分之一的实线指示开关接通，并且第二个六分之一的阴影区域表示开关在脉冲宽度调制下操作。也就是说，示出了上开关栅极信号。此外，示出相B的输出电压VB156在开关接通时的第一个六分之一中具有谐振值，而在开关148P被脉冲宽度调制时具有脉冲宽度调制值。实际上，三相信号被示出为按照类似方案由逆变器的开关输出。类似地，示出了用于开关144P、144N的栅极信号。栅极信号被偏移以指示在周期的不同的六分之一中开关144P、144N被接通或被脉冲宽度调制。
参考图5A至图5B，示出了用于高压操作的类似的多种情况。在图5A中，示出了谐振输出160P具有大约500V的RMS电压。示出了电池电压102具有低于200V的电压。如图5B中所示，上开关148P在第一个和第二个六分之一期间具有断开时段，而在第三个六分之一期间具有脉冲宽度调制。示出了上开关148P的栅极信号。也就是说，第一个六分之一的实线指示开关处于断开状态，第三个六分之一的阴影区域表示开关在脉冲宽度调制下操作。此外，示出相B的输出电压VB156在开关接通时的第四个和第五个六分之一中具有谐振值，而在开关148P被脉冲宽度调制时具有脉冲宽度调制值。实际上，三相信号被示出为按照类似方案由逆变器的开关输出。
在说明书中使用的词语是描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解，可以在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。如前所描述的，各个实施例的特征可以被组合以形成本发明的可能未被明确描述或示出的另外的实施例。尽管各个实施例可能已经被描述为就一个或多个所期望特性而言相较其他实施例或现有技术实施方式来说提供优点或是优选的，但是本领域的普通技术人员将认识到，一个或多个特征或特性可以折衷以实现期望的总体系统属性，这取决于特定应用和实施方式。这些属性可以包括但不限于：成本、强度、耐久性、生命周期成本、可销售性、外观、包装、大小、可服务性、重量、可制造性，易组装性等。这样，描述为相对于一个或多个特性较其他实施例或现有技术实施方式不太可取的实施例不在本公开的范围之外，并且对于特定应用可能是可取的。
根据本发明，提供了一种车辆，所述车辆具有：逆变器，其包括第一半桥和第二半桥，所述第一半桥和第二半桥被配置成向电机提供多相电压；以及控制器，其被配置成响应于扭矩命令，激活第一半桥的开关并且对第二半桥的开关进行脉冲宽度调制，以将逆变器的轨条上的谐振输出传导到电机，使得针对电机的周期的至少六分之一产生多相电压。
根据一个实施例，所述逆变器还包括第三半桥，所述第三半桥被配置成提供多相电压的附加偏移相，并且还被配置成响应于所述扭矩命令，闭合第三半桥的开关以将来自逆变器的轨条的谐振输出传导到电机。
根据一个实施例，脉冲宽度调制开关的占空比等于多相电压中的一个相的电压减去多相电压中的另一个相的电压所得的差与多相电压中的第三相的电压减去另一个相的电压所得的差之比。
根据一个实施例，谐振输出由可变电压转换器的开关驱动。
根据一个实施例，可变电压转换器的开关中的一个具有占空比(DVVC)，所述占空比是基于与逆变器相关联的电池电压(Vb)和与逆变器相关联的直流侧电容器电压(VDC)。
根据一个实施例，
Figure BDA0002379104030000071
根据一个实施例，VDC等于多相电压中的一个相的电压减去多相电压中的另一个相的电压。
根据一个实施例，谐振输出的频率是电机角频率的六倍。
根据本发明，提供了一种车辆，其具有：可变电压转换器，其被配置成将谐振输出驱动到被配置成向电机提供电力的逆变器的上轨条和下轨条；以及控制器，其被配置成响应于接收到电机的角频率而操作可变电压转换器的开关，使得谐振输出的频率是角频率的六倍。
根据一个实施例，所述控制器还被配置成响应于扭矩命令，激活逆变器的第一半桥的开关，并且对逆变器的第二半桥的开关进行脉冲宽度调制，以将逆变器的轨条上的谐振输出传导到电机，使得针对电机的周期的至少六分之一产生多相电压。
根据一个实施例，所述逆变器还包括第三半桥，所述第三半桥被配置成提供多相电压的附加偏移相，并且还被配置成响应于所述扭矩命令，闭合第三半桥的开关以将来自逆变器的轨条的谐振输出传导到电机。
根据一个实施例，脉冲宽度调制开关的占空比等于多相电压中的一个相的电压减去多相电压中的另一个相的电压所得的差与多相电压中的第三相的电压减去另一个相的电压所得的差之比。
根据一个实施例，可变电压转换器的开关中的一个具有占空比(DVVC)，所述占空比是基于与逆变器相关联的电池电压(Vb)和与逆变器相关联的直流侧电容器电压(VDC)。
根据一个实施例，
Figure BDA0002379104030000081
根据一个实施例，VDC等于多相电压中的一个相的电压减去另一个相的电压。
根据本发明，提供了一种方法，其具有以下步骤：响应于扭矩命令，通过激活逆变器的第一半桥的开关并且对逆变器的第二半桥的开关进行脉冲宽度调制以将逆变器的轨条上的谐振输出传导到电机，来针对电机的周期的至少六分之一产生电机的多相电压。

Claims (14)

1.一种车辆，其包括：
逆变器，所述逆变器包括第一半桥和第二半桥，所述第一半桥和所述第二半桥被配置成向电机提供多相电压；以及
控制器，所述控制器被配置成响应于扭矩命令，激活所述第一半桥的开关并且对所述第二半桥的开关进行脉冲宽度调制，以将所述逆变器的轨条上的谐振输出传导到所述电机，使得针对所述电机的周期的至少六分之一产生所述多相电压。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述逆变器还包括第三半桥，所述第三半桥被配置成提供所述多相电压的附加偏移相，并且还被配置成响应于所述扭矩命令，闭合所述第三半桥的开关以将来自所述逆变器的轨条的谐振输出传导到所述电机。
3.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述脉冲宽度调制开关的占空比等于多相电压中的一个相的电压减去所述多相电压中的另一个相的电压所得的差与多相电压中的第三相的电压减去所述另一个相的所述电压所得的差之比。
4.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述谐振输出由可变电压转换器的开关驱动。
5.如权利要求4所述的车辆，其中所述可变电压转换器的所述开关中的一个具有占空比(DVVC)，所述占空比是基于与所述逆变器相关联的电池电压(Vb)和与所述逆变器相关联的直流侧电容器电压(VDC)。
6.如权利要求5所述的车辆，其中
Figure FDA0002379104020000011
7.如权利要求6所述的车辆，其中VDC等于多相电压中的一个相的电压减去所述多相电压中的另一个相的电压。
8.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述谐振输出的频率是所述电机的角频率的六倍。
9.一种车辆，其包括：
可变电压转换器，所述可变电压转换器被配置成将谐振输出驱动到被配置成向电机提供电力的逆变器的上轨条和下轨条；以及
控制器，所述控制器被配置成响应于接收到所述电机的角频率，操作所述可变电压转换器的开关，使得所述谐振输出的频率是所述角频率的六倍。
10.如权利要求9所述的车辆，其中所述控制器还被配置成响应于扭矩命令，激活所述逆变器的第一半桥的开关并且对所述逆变器的第二半桥的开关进行脉冲宽度调制，以将所述逆变器的轨条上的谐振输出传导到所述电机，使得针对所述电机的周期的至少六分之一产生所述多相电压。
11.如权利要求10所述的车辆，其中所述逆变器还包括第三半桥，所述第三半桥被配置成提供所述多相电压的附加偏移相，并且还被配置成响应于所述扭矩命令，闭合所述第三半桥的开关以将来自所述逆变器的轨条的谐振输出传导到所述电机。
12.如权利要求11所述的车辆，其中所述脉冲宽度调制开关的占空比等于多相电压中的一个相的电压减去所述多相电压中的另一个相的电压所得的差与多相电压中的第三相的电压减去所述另一个相的所述电压所得的差之比。
13.如权利要求12所述的车辆，其中所述可变电压转换器的所述开关中的一个具有占空比(DVVC)，所述占空比是基于与所述逆变器相关联的电池电压(Vb)和与所述逆变器相关联的直流侧电容器电压(VDC)。
14.一种方法，其包括：
响应于扭矩命令，通过激活逆变器的第一半桥的开关并且对所述逆变器的第二半桥的开关进行脉冲宽度调制以将所述逆变器的轨条上的谐振输出传导到电机，来针对所述电机的周期的至少六分之一产生所述电机的多相电压。
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