CN111514279B - Application of neurotrophic factor 3 in preparation of medicine for treating male hypogonadism - Google Patents
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- A61K38/185—Nerve growth factor [NGF]; Brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]; Ciliary neurotrophic factor [CNTF]; Glial derived neurotrophic factor [GDNF]; Neurotrophins, e.g. NT-3
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Abstract
The invention provides an application of neurotrophic factor 3 in preparing a medicament for treating male hypogonadism, belonging to the technical field of sexual function medicaments. The neurotrophic factor 3 has the effects of stimulating organism testicular mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, increasing testicular mesenchymal cell number, improving or treating low testosterone in serum and/or testis, and treating male hypogonadism syndrome by taking the neurotrophic factor as an active ingredient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sexual function medicines, and particularly relates to application of neurotrophic factor 3 in preparation of medicines for treating male hypogonadism.
Background
Male hypogonadism is a sexual disorder caused by a lack, decrease or inability to exert its effects in androgens. The testicular interstitial cell cytoplasm contains abundant mitochondria and a sliding surface endoplasmic reticulum, and has the main function of synthesizing testosterone and is the most main source of androgens in the male body. Testicular stromal cells are divided into four distinct phases during differentiation and development: mesenchymal Stem cells (Stem Leydig cells), progenitor mesenchymal cells (Progenitor Leydig cell), juvenile mesenchymal cells (Immature Leydig cell) and adult mesenchymal cells (Adult Leydig cell). In these developmental processes, androgen deficiency in vivo is also caused by abnormal proliferation and differentiation, reduced number, and reduced hormone synthesis and secretion functions.
Currently, the clinical treatment of hypogonadism is mainly by testosterone supplementation therapy, however, this therapy has significant safety problems in addition to the need for regular testosterone injections. First, chronic quantitative supplementation of testosterone can predispose patients to acne and erythrocytosis; secondly, the concentration of the testosterone in the serum is easy to fluctuate greatly, and obvious fluctuation of symptoms of the patients with the symptoms of the low-grade gonadal function of the emotion and the tardive is caused; again, patients are prone to adverse reactions such as water and sodium retention, abnormal erection of penis, difficult urination and the like, and even diseases such as impaired liver and kidney functions and prostate cancer initiation.
Neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) is a protein that plays an important role in the development, survival and apoptosis of neurons, and is a potential drug target for treating diseases such as nerve injury. No study of neurotrophin 3 in the treatment of male hypogonadism has been found.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide the application of the neurotrophic factor 3 in preparing the medicine for treating male hypogonadism, and the neurotrophic factor 3 can obviously promote proliferation of testicular mesenchymal stem cells and increase of testicular mesenchymal cell number, so that the testosterone content in testes and serum of a patient is improved, and the effect of obviously treating male hypogonadism is achieved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides application of neurotrophic factor 3 in preparing a medicament for treating male hypogonadism.
The invention provides application of neurotrophic factor 3 in preparation of medicines for stimulating proliferation of testicular mesenchymal stem cells.
The invention provides application of neurotrophic factor 3 in preparation of medicines for increasing the number of testicular interstitial cells.
The invention provides an application of neurotrophic factor 3 in preparing a medicament for improving testosterone content in testes and/or serum
Preferably, said neurotrophic factor 3 is derived from human, mouse or rat.
Preferably, the amino acid sequence of the neurotrophic factor 3 is shown in SEQ ID No. 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the application of the neurotrophic factor 3 in preparing the medicine for treating male hypogonadism provided by the invention has the advantages that the neurotrophic factor 3 stimulates the organism testicle mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and increases the testicle mesenchymal cell number, so that the testosterone content in testes and/or serum is increased, and the male hypogonadism is finally improved or cured.
The invention adopts an immunohistochemical method to dye the specific protein cholesterol side chain lyase (CYP 11A 1) of the testicular interstitial cells and calculate the positive cell number, which shows that after the treatment of the neurotrophic factor 3, the positive cell number of the CYP11A1 can be effectively increased, namely the neurotrophic factor 3 has the function of increasing the number of the testicular interstitial cells.
According to the invention, the neurotrophic factor 3 is adopted to treat the seminiferous tubules with the surface containing the testicular mesenchymal stem cells for 7 days, and the proliferation condition is detected by using the EdU proliferation kit, so that the neurotrophic factor 3 is found to increase the number of EdU positive cells on the surface of the seminiferous tubules, namely the neurotrophic factor 3 can stimulate the proliferation of the testicular mesenchymal stem cells, and has the effect of increasing the number of the testicular mesenchymal stem cells.
The invention adopts the neurotrophic factor 3 to treat the seminiferous tubules containing the testicular mesenchymal stem cells on the surface for 7 days, removes the neurotrophic factor 3 after increasing the number of the testicular mesenchymal stem cells, continues to use the testicular mesenchymal stem cells to induce the differentiation medium to culture, and measures the testosterone level of the medium, and the result shows that the neurotrophic factor 3 is differentiated into the testicular mesenchymal stem cells by stimulating the proliferation of the testicular mesenchymal stem cells, thereby increasing the testosterone yield.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the increase in the number of testicular interstitial cells by neurotrophin 3; wherein, the data is expressed by mean ± standard error, and the sample size is 6; ", denotes P <0.001;
FIG. 2 shows the stimulation of proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells by neurotrophin 3; wherein, the data is expressed by mean ± standard error, and the sample size is 6; ". Times" means P <0.05; ", denotes P <0.001;
FIG. 3 shows the production of testosterone by neurotrophin 3 by stimulation of proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and subsequent differentiation into mesenchymal cells; wherein, the data is expressed by mean ± standard error, and the sample size is 6; ". Times" means P <0.05; ", denotes P <0.001;
Detailed Description
The invention provides application of neurotrophic factor 3 in preparing a medicament for treating male hypogonadism.
The source of the neurotrophic factor 3 is not particularly limited, and the neurotrophic factor 3 can be isolated from a natural organism and chemically synthesized by polypeptide; the neurotrophic factor 3 can also be obtained by in vitro recombinant expression, for example, purification after expression by prokaryotic microorganism (such as escherichia coli) genetic engineering bacteria, purification after expression by eukaryotic microorganism (such as beer yeast, pichia pastoris, kluyveromyces lactis Wei Jiaomu and the like) genetic engineering bacteria or expression and purification by animal cells (such as Chinese hamster CHO, hamster BHK, mouse myeloma cells, monkey CV1 cells, human lymphocytes and the like) and the like. The neurotrophic factor 3 is preferably derived from human, mouse or rat.
In the present invention, the method for preparing the neurotrophic factor 3 is not particularly limited, and a recombinant protein preparation method well known in the art may be used. The neurotrophic factor 3 also includes modifications in the form of covalent or ionic bonds or the like by chemical or biological means, for example, pegylation for the purpose of stability, safety and longevity of the polypeptide.
The invention also provides application of the neurotrophic factor 3 in preparing a medicament for stimulating proliferation of testicular mesenchymal stem cells.
In the present invention, the neurotrophic factor 3 is identical to the neurotrophic factor 3 in the above application, and will not be described herein.
The invention also provides application of the neurotrophic factor 3 in preparing medicines for increasing the number of testicular interstitial cells.
In the present invention, the neurotrophic factor 3 is identical to the neurotrophic factor 3 in the above application, and will not be described herein.
The invention also provides application of the neurotrophic factor 3 in preparing a medicament for improving testosterone content in testes and/or serum.
In the present invention, the neurotrophic factor 3 is identical to the neurotrophic factor 3 in the above application, and will not be described herein.
In the present invention, the amino acid sequence of the neurotrophic factor 3 is preferably shown in SEQ ID No.1, and is specifically as follows:
MYAEHKSHRG EYSVCDSESL WVTDKSSAID IRGHQVTVLG EIKTGNSPVK QYFYETRCKE ARPVKNGCRG IDDKHWNSQC KTSQTYVRAL TSENNKLVGW RWIRIDTSCV CALSRKIGRT。
in the present invention, the dosage of neurotrophic factor 3 is not less than 100 ng/testis/d or 10ng/ml.
In the present invention, the term "drug" refers to a single compound, a composition formed of a plurality of compounds, a Chinese medicinal material and an extract thereof, which can be used for preventing or treating a certain disease, or refers to a composition or preparation containing a single compound as a main active ingredient, and also refers to a composition or preparation containing a plurality of compounds as active ingredients. "pharmaceutical" is understood to mean not only the products approved and approved for production by the authorities established in accordance with the legal regulations of the country, but also the forms of the various substances formed in order to obtain the products approved and approved for production, which contain the single compound as active ingredient. "formed" is understood to mean obtained by chemical synthesis, bioconversion or purchase, among other means.
The medicament comprises various pharmaceutical auxiliary materials which are suitable for the contained compounds so as to prepare dosage forms which are favorable for administration, such as: but not limited to, aqueous injection, powder for injection, pill, powder, tablet, patch, suppository, emulsion, cream, gel, granule, capsule, aerosol, spray, powder fog, sustained release agent, controlled release agent, etc. These pharmaceutical excipients may be used conventionally in various formulations, such as: but are not limited to isotonic agents, buffers, flavoring agents, excipients, fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, and the like; may also be selected for adaptation to the substance, such as: the auxiliary materials can effectively improve the stability and the solubility of the compounds contained in the composition or change the release rate, the absorption rate and the like of the compounds, thereby improving the metabolism of various compounds in organisms and further enhancing the administration effect of the composition. In addition, specific purposes or modes of administration may be achieved, such as: sustained release administration, controlled release administration, pulse administration, etc., and auxiliary materials used, such as: but are not limited to, gelatin, albumin, chitosan, polyethers and polyesters such as: but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol, polyurethane, polycarbonate, copolymers thereof, and the like. The main expression "advantageous administration" is referred to as: but not limited to, improving therapeutic effect, improving bioavailability, reducing toxic side effects, improving patient compliance, and the like.
In aqueous injection solutions, the auxiliary materials generally comprise isotonic agents and buffers, and necessary emulsifying agents (such as Tween-80, pluronic, and Poloxamer), solubilizers, and bacteriostats. In addition, the composition also comprises other pharmaceutically acceptable pharmaceutical excipients, such as: antioxidants, pH adjusters, analgesics, and the like. The auxiliary materials for preparing the oral liquid preparation generally comprise solvents, necessary flavoring agents, bacteriostats, emulsifying agents, coloring agents and the like. The auxiliary materials for preparing the tablet generally comprise a filler (such as starch, sugar powder, dextrin, lactose, compressible starch, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrophosphate, mannitol and the like), a binder (such as ethanol, starch slurry, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, gelatin solution, sucrose solution, aqueous or alcoholic solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like), a disintegrating agent (such as dry starch, sodium carboxymethyl starch, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone and crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) and a lubricant (such as magnesium stearate, micro-powder silica gel, talcum powder, hydrogenated vegetable oil, polyethylene glycol 4,000, polyethylene glycol 6,000, magnesium lauryl sulfate and the like) and the like. The auxiliary materials for preparing the emulsion are water, oil (such as fatty acid), emulsifying agent, necessary preservative, flavoring agent and the like. The auxiliary materials used for preparing the granules are similar to tablets, but the granulation process is different. Mixing the granule with glidant, and encapsulating to obtain capsule.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Effects of neurotrophin 3 on the number of testicular interstitial cells.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (90 days old) were harvested 18. Intraperitoneal injection of dimethylethane sulfonic acid (EDS, at a dose of 75mg/kg body weight) killed the testicular interstitial cells without affecting the testicular interstitial stem cells, followed by 3 groups (6 per group). The grouping situation is as follows: 1) Blank (normal saline); 2) Neurotrophic factor 3 (10 ng/testis/d); 3) Neurotrophic factor 3 (100 ng/testis/d). The composition and dose specified in the above group were injected daily intratesticular after the 14 th day of EDS injection to the 28 th day after EDS injection (this stage is regeneration differentiation of testicular mesenchymal stem cells into new testicular mesenchymal cells). After carbon dioxide is killed, testes are taken and fixed for 48 hours through Bouin's liquid, then dehydrated paraffin is embedded into a tissue chip, and a tissue chip is prepared by staining and counting a testis interstitial cell specific protein CYP11A1 through an immunohistochemical method, and the influence of neurotrophin 3 on the number of new testis interstitial cells is detected, and the result is shown in figure 1.
2. The specific steps of the immunohistochemical staining of the testicular interstitial cells CYP11A1 are as follows:
(1) Dehydrating the fixed sample, taking out testis fixed in Bouin's liquid for 48h, cutting into small blocks, and washing with clear water for 10min,75% alcohol for 80min,85% alcohol for 80min,95% alcohol for 80min,100% alcohol for 1h each of I and II, 30min each of xylene for I and II, soft wax for 1h, hard wax for 1h, and hard wax for I2h each of I and II.
(2) Embedding the dehydrated sample into paraffin wax to prepare a tissue chip with the thickness of 6 mu m;
(3) Baking slices: placing paraffin sections in a 60 ℃ oven for 2 hours;
(4) Dewaxing and rehydration: xylene I, II each for 5min with 100% ethanol I, 100% ethanol II,95% ethanol, 85% ethanol, 75% ethanol, and 0.01mol/L Phosphate Buffer (PBS) 3 times each for 5min, (PBS water wash can be performed on a shaker at a speed of 100 rpm);
(5) Endogenous peroxidase blockade: dropwise adding 3% hydrogen peroxide for 10min, and washing with PBS for 3 times and 5min each time (PBS water washing can be performed on a shaking table at a speed of 100 rpm);
(6) High temperature thermal remediation antigen: placing an enamel jar containing citrate repairing liquid into an autoclave containing water, boiling, placing a slide frame into the citrate, covering a pot cover, starting timing for 3min after air injection, closing a heat source, naturally cooling to room temperature, and then placing in PBS for soaking for 10min;
(7) Serum blocking: placing the glass slide into a wet box after soft spin-drying, rapidly dripping normal serum blocking liquid (10% goat serum), and blocking for 30min at room temperature;
(8) Adding an antibody: gently throwing off serum, placing into a wet box, and dripping primary antibody CYP11A1 (Cell Signaling Technology company), wherein the primary antibody is diluted by 1% goat serum volume ratio of 1:200, and standing overnight at 4 ℃;
(9) And (3) rewarming: rewarming the wet box in a 37 ℃ water bath for 30min, washing with PBS for 3 times and 5min each time, (PBS washing can be performed on a shaker at a speed of 100 rpm);
(10) Adding a secondary antibody: adding goat anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase IgG secondary antibody (Hangzhou Union) into a wet box, incubating for 20min at room temperature, and washing with PBS for 3 times, each time for 5min;
(11) Color development: dropwise adding the bi-aniline (DAB), controlling the time under a microscope, and immediately washing off the DAB by water after color development;
(12) Counterstaining: washing in water for 2min, hematoxylin staining, washing in water for 5min, differentiating with 1% ethanol hydrochloride for 4s, washing in water for 10min, and reversing blue with ammonia water for 1-2s;
(13) Dehydrating and transparentizing: 75% ethanol 1min,85% ethanol 2min,95% ethanol 3min,100% ethanol I, II each for 3min, followed by xylene I, II each for 10min (dehydration of low to high concentration ethanol, xylene transparency);
(14) Sealing piece: sealing the neutral resin;
(15) Microscope pictures were taken and counted.
FIG. 1 shows the increase in the number of testicular interstitial cells by neurotrophin 3; wherein, the data is expressed by mean ± standard error, and the sample size is 6; ". Times." indicates that P <0.05, neurotrophin 3 significantly increased the number of CYP11A1 positive (testosterone mesenchymal cells) cells compared to control group concentration; "+" indicates that P <0.001, neurotrophin 3 was able to significantly increase CYP11A1 positive (testicular interstitial cells) cell number compared to control group concentration; after the rats are given intraperitoneal injection of 75mg/kg EDS for 14d, neurotrophic factor 3 (0, 10 and 100 ng/testis) is injected into testis every day to 28d after EDS injection, the animals are sacrificed, testis is taken, and the testis interstitial cell specific protein CYP11A1 is stained by adopting an immunohistochemical method and the number of the testis interstitial cells is calculated; neurotrophic factor 3 at 100 ng/testis/d significantly increased the number of testicular interstitial cells compared to the control.
Example 2
1. Effects of neurotrophic factor 3 on the number of mesenchymal stem cells and testosterone levels in the testes
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (90 days old) were given 7d intraperitoneal injection of 75mg/kg EDS before the experiment, after carbon dioxide sacrifice, testes were removed, placed in ice-cold phosphate buffer, the capsule was sheared off, the blood vessel was peeled off from the seminiferous tubules, the seminiferous tubules were separated into individual pieces, the seminiferous tubules were equally divided into 12 well plates, and treated with DMEM/12 medium (sigma) containing different concentrations of neurotrophic factor 3 for 7d, specifically grouped into 0ng/ml (control), 10ng/ml and 100ng/ml of neurotrophic factor 3. After 7d, a part of the seminiferous tubules were assayed for proliferation with EdU (Life Technologies company) proliferation kit (see FIG. 2 for results), another part of the seminiferous tubules were removed from neurotrophic factor 3, and the culture was continued for 2 weeks with a testicular mesenchymal stem cell induced differentiation medium (5 mmol/L of lithium chloride and 5ng/ml of LH were added to DMEM/12 medium), the medium was collected, and the culture was subjected to chemiluminescence immunoassay (IMMULITE 2000 automated chemiluminescence immunoassay was started for at least 2 hours, and the frozen medium was subjected to shaking centrifugation after thawing at room temperature, at least 300ul of standard serum or sample was added to each of the separate glass tubes dedicated for testosterone measurement, and the total testosterone assay kit from Siemens was added to the chemiluminescence immunoassay, and testosterone was assayed on the computer) in trays (see FIG. 3 for results).
2. EdU proliferation assay procedure
(1) Materials:
A：EdU
B：Alaxa Fluor azide
C：DMSO
D：Click-iT EdU reaction buffer
E：CuSO 4
F：Click-iT EdU buffer additive
G：Hoechst 33342
(2) A material preparation step:
1) 10-mM stock EdU (A): add 2mL DMSO (-20 ℃ C.) to EdU for preservation;
2) Working solution B: 70. Mu.L of DMSO (-20 ℃) was added to B;
3) 1X Click-iT EdU reaction buffer (D) working solution: adding the original D (4 mL) into 36mL distilled water (washing the bottle, and storing at 2-6 ℃);
4) 10 XF stock solution: 2mL of double distilled water was added to F (-20 ℃);
(3) The seminiferous tubules were cultured with 0ng/ml, 10ng/ml and 100ng/ml neurotrophic factor 3 for seven days;
(4) Adding A (EdU, 1:1000) coloring agent into 12-hole plate, and keeping away from light for 24h;
(5) Transferring the fine curved spermatids to 1.5ml EP (ethylene propylene glycol) tubes, wherein each tube ensures 7-8 fine curved spermatids, and the culture solution is not too much during transferring, so that the fine curved spermatids are not attached to the wall;
(6) Washing 2 times with 500 μl of 3% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA);
(7) 500 μl of 4% paraformaldehyde was fixed for 30min;
(8) The fixative was removed and washed twice with 0.5ml 3% BSA;
(9) Adding 0.5% triton 1ml, and fixing at normal temperature for 45min;
(10) The triamcinolone is blotted off and washed 2 times with 3% bsa;
(11) 250 μl of the mixture in the following table is added and protected from light for 45min;
table 1 preparation of the mixed solution
(12) 1ml of 3% BSA was washed 4 times;
(13) Washing with PBS once;
(14) Preparing G (Hoechst 33342, 1:2000), adding 400 μl into each tube, and keeping out of light for 30min;
(15) PBS 1ml was washed twice;
(16) Adding 10 μl of glycerol for sealing;
(17) Microscope count.
FIG. 2 shows the stimulation of proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells by neurotrophin 3; in the figure, data are expressed by mean ± standard error, and the sample size is 6; ". Times" means P <0.05; by "+" is meant that P <0.001, neurotrophin 3 stimulated proliferation of testicular stem cells statistically significant compared to the control group. After isolation of the seminiferous tubules, different concentrations of neurotrophic factor 3 (0 ng/ml, 10ng/ml and 100 ng/ml) were added for 7d, proliferation was detected with the EdU proliferation kit, and 10ng/ml and 100ng/ml neurotrophic factor 3 significantly increased the number of EdU positive (testicular mesenchymal stem cells) cells.
FIG. 3 shows the production of testosterone by stimulation of proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and subsequent differentiation into mesenchymal stem cells by neurotrophin 3, wherein the data are expressed as mean.+ -. Standard error and the sample size is 6; ". Times" means P <0.05; ", indicates that P <0.001, the increase in neurotrophin 3 in medium testosterone compared to control group is statistically significant. After isolation of the seminiferous tubules, different concentrations of neurotrophic factor 3 (0 ng/ml, 10ng/ml and 100 ng/ml) were added for 7d followed by withdrawal of neurotrophic factor 3, continued culture with testicular mesenchymal stem cell induced differentiation medium for 2 weeks, and the medium was collected to determine testosterone levels, 10ng/ml and 100ng/ml neurotrophic factor 3 significantly increased the medium testosterone levels.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Sequence listing
<110> Hospital for children affiliated with second Hospital, wenzhou medical university and affiliated with Ying and Ying
Application of <120> neurotrophic factor 3 in preparation of medicament for treating male hypogonadism
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 120
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial sequence (Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
Met Tyr Ala Glu His Lys Ser His Arg Gly Glu Tyr Ser Val Cys Asp
1 5 10 15
Ser Glu Ser Leu Trp Val Thr Asp Lys Ser Ser Ala Ile Asp Ile Arg
20 25 30
Gly His Gln Val Thr Val Leu Gly Glu Ile Lys Thr Gly Asn Ser Pro
35 40 45
Val Lys Gln Tyr Phe Tyr Glu Thr Arg Cys Lys Glu Ala Arg Pro Val
50 55 60
Lys Asn Gly Cys Arg Gly Ile Asp Asp Lys His Trp Asn Ser Gln Cys
65 70 75 80
Lys Thr Ser Gln Thr Tyr Val Arg Ala Leu Thr Ser Glu Asn Asn Lys
85 90 95
Leu Val Gly Trp Arg Trp Ile Arg Ile Asp Thr Ser Cys Val Cys Ala
100 105 110
Leu Ser Arg Lys Ile Gly Arg Thr
115 120
Claims (2)
1. The application of the neurotrophic factor 3 in preparing the medicine for treating male hypogonadism is characterized in that the amino acid sequence of the neurotrophic factor 3 is shown as SEQ ID NO. 1.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein said neurotrophic factor 3 is derived from human, mouse or rat.
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| CN202310585145.1A CN116440252A (en) | 2020-06-16 | 2020-06-16 | Application of neurotrophic factor 3 in preparation of medicament for improving testosterone content in testes |
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| CN103861087A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | 广州暨南大学医药生物技术研究开发中心 | Use of nerve growth factor in preparation of medicine for treating sexual debility syndrome of medium-elderly men |
| CN107375910A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-24 | 温州医科大学附属第二医院、温州医科大学附属育英儿童医院 | PTHrP is preparing the application in treating male gonad hypofunction syndrome |
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| US7160924B2 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2007-01-09 | The General Hospital Corporation | Protein conjugates with a water-soluble biocompatible, biodegradable polymer |
| EP2558024B1 (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2017-03-08 | The University Of Miami | Macroporous bioengineered scaffolds for cell transplantation |
| MX2020004035A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2020-11-09 | Res Inst Nationwide Childrens Hospital | Methods and materials for nt-3 gene therapy. |
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| CN111514279A (en) | 2020-08-11 |
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