CN111510926A - Visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous convergence network and resource scheduling method - Google Patents
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- H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
- H04B10/116—Visible light communication
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network and a resource scheduling method, wherein the resource scheduling method comprises the following steps: calculating the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot according to the channel quality information of each user to be scheduled; and calculating the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block according to the instantaneous transmission rate and the packet delay of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot, and allocating a corresponding resource block to each user to be scheduled based on the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block. By the resource scheduling method, when the scheduling priority of the user is calculated, the grouping time delay of the user in the current time slot is considered, the short-term fairness of the user is considered, the risk of congestion of the whole heterogeneous network system is reduced, and the tension of infinite spectrum resources is relieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to a visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network and a resource scheduling method.
Background
In recent years, the demand for high-rate and unlicensed spectrum applications has increased, and many researchers have been working on visible light communication (V L C) as a promising indoor communication technology, it is well known that radio frequency communication is increasingly limited due to the limited spectrum resources in wireless networks, as a solution, V L C has been introduced into indoor environments to overcome the limitation of RF radio frequency communication, and provide better services to users.
V L C is a communication system that uses light Emitting diodes (L ED, <tttranslation = L "&tttl &/t &tttg light Emitting Diode) as transmitters to transmit optical and information signals to users, L ED has high energy efficiency.
V L C is known for its radio frequency interference immunity and high bandwidth potential as an unlicensed and secured system, but on the other hand V L C also suffers from traffic congestion problems, unlike radio frequency networks, and V L C can only work properly when a line-of-sight component between the transmitting end and the receiving end is available.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network, which overcomes or at least partially solves the problems, and a resource scheduling method, wherein the visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network comprises L ED lamps, a WiFi access point and a scheduler, a plurality of L ED lamps form a visible light V L C network, and a plurality of L ED lamps and WiFi access points are connected with the scheduler;
the scheduler is used for calculating the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot according to the channel quality information of each user to be scheduled;
calculating the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block according to the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot and the grouping time delay of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot, wherein the heterogeneous network system is divided into a plurality of resource blocks;
and allocating a corresponding resource block for each user to be scheduled based on the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a resource scheduling method for the visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot according to the channel quality information of each user to be scheduled;
calculating the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block according to the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot and the grouping time delay of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot, wherein the heterogeneous network system is divided into a plurality of resource blocks;
and allocating a corresponding resource block for each user to be scheduled based on the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block.
The embodiment of the invention provides a visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network, when the scheduling priority of a user is calculated, the grouping time delay of the user in the current time slot is considered, the short-term fairness of the user is considered, the risk of congestion of the whole heterogeneous network system is reduced, and the shortage of infinite spectrum resources is relieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a connection block diagram of a visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a resource scheduling method of a visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic network partition diagram of a visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an overall flowchart of a resource scheduling method of a visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, and the heterogeneous converged network includes L ED lights, a WiFi access point and a scheduler, wherein L ED lights form a visible light V L C network, and both L ED lights and WiFi access point are connected to the scheduler.
In recent years, the demand for high-speed and unlicensed spectrum applications is increasing, and for indoor communication, a single-form network cannot meet the demand of users, visible light communication (V L C) and radio frequency and other wireless communication technologies complement and are compatible with each other to become the trend of the development of future wireless networks, the visible light communication is interactively fused with communication technologies such as WiFi and cellular networks (3G, 4G, 5G and above), and innovative applications and value experiences are brought in the fields of Internet of things, smart cities, aviation, navigation, subways, high-speed rails, indoor navigation, underground operation and the like.
Based on this, embodiments of the present invention provide a heterogeneous convergence network of visible light communication (V L C network) and WiFi, wherein V L C is a communication system that transmits optical and information signals to a user using a light Emitting Diode (L ED, &ttttranslation = L "&tttl &/t &tttlight Emitting Diode) as a transmitter, L ED has high energy efficiency.
V L C is known for its radio frequency interference immunity and high bandwidth potential as an unlicensed and secured system, on the other hand V L C also has a blocking problem, unlike radio frequency networks, V L C can only work properly when the line-of-sight component between the transmitting end and the receiving end is available, therefore, supplementing a V L C network with an RF Access Point (AP) can increase network coverage and increase the overall system capacity.
In addition, the frequency range of Wifi and the frequency range of V L C are not overlapped, and co-channel interference cannot be generated between the Wifi and the V L C, so that the throughput of the heterogeneous network has a qualitative leap, the Wifi and the V L C are mutually matched, the internet surfing pressure of a user is greatly relieved, the user distributes the resources of the Wifi and the V L C according to a certain principle, the speed of the network keeps a certain level, and the network congestion is effectively avoided.
Hybrid heterogeneous V L C-WiFi networks provide advantages of both technologies, including increased capacity and ubiquitous coverage.WiFi enables full coverage, V L C is used in heavily loaded areas to enable high speed access.
On the basis of constructing a heterogeneous fusion network of visible light communication and WiFi, how to fairly distribute joint resources in a fusion network of WiFi and V L C is also an important direction of research in the field of current communication.
Calculating the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot according to the channel quality information of each user to be scheduled;
calculating the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block according to the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot and the grouping time delay of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot, wherein the heterogeneous network system is divided into a plurality of resource blocks;
and allocating a corresponding resource block for each user to be scheduled based on the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block.
Compared with the existing method for calculating the scheduling priority of the user, the resource scheduling method for the visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network provided by the embodiment of the invention considers the grouping time delay of the user in the current time slot when calculating the scheduling priority of the user, takes the short-term fairness of the user into consideration, reduces the risk of congestion of the whole heterogeneous network system, and relieves the shortage of infinite spectrum resources.
Based on the visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous convergence network provided by the above embodiments, referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a resource scheduling method for a heterogeneous convergence network, including:
calculating the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot according to the channel quality information of each user to be scheduled;
calculating the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block according to the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot and the grouping time delay of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot, wherein the heterogeneous network system is divided into a plurality of resource blocks;
and allocating a corresponding resource block for each user to be scheduled based on the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block.
It can be understood that, on the basis of constructing the visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network in the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention provide a resource scheduling method for the heterogeneous converged network, and study a joint resource allocation algorithm for the visible light communication and WiFi converged networking, where a resource allocation policy of a single network cannot meet the requirement of the heterogeneous network. Besides the functions of power control, channel allocation, load balancing, access control and the like of traditional resource management, the joint resource allocation can coordinate the resource allocation of the visible light communication and the WiFi network, so that the load balancing among heterogeneous networks is performed on the whole, and the network resources of the visible light communication and the WiFi are fully utilized on the basis of meeting the user requirements.
The embodiment of the invention carries out discussion and research on different algorithms for scheduling resources, selects the proportional fairness algorithm as a basis, improves and designs a proper algorithm, improves the capability of obtaining resources by users in different areas, and improves the utilization rate of the resources.
The traditional proportional fairness algorithm does not consider the short-term fairness of users, and does not give scheduling time to users with access delay limitation, so that the requirements of the users cannot be met. In the embodiment of the invention, in order to improve the short-term fairness of a user scheduling priority algorithm, short-term service quality guarantee is added into the proportional fairness algorithm priority, so that the scheduling priority of a user to be scheduled is different according to access time delay.
As an alternative embodiment, according to the channel quality information of each user to be scheduled, the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot is calculated by the following formula:
wherein, x is the number of the resource block, t is the current scheduling time slot, rhoi,x,tFor the channel quality information R of the user i to be scheduled in the time slot t in the resource block xi，xAnd N is the total number of the resource blocks for the instant rate of the user i to be scheduled in the resource block x.
It can be understood that, in the conventional proportional fair algorithm (PF algorithm), each user in a cell has its own scheduling priority, and the scheduler will schedule the user with the highest priority in each scheduling, and in the t-th time slot, the proportional fair algorithm formula is as follows:
where k is the priority of the scheduled user, Ri(T) is the rate requested by user i at time T, TiAnd (t) is the accumulated average rate of the user i at the time t, and the priority factor of the user needs to be updated after the scheduling is completed. If there are multiple users in the cell, when the system continuously schedules a user with better channel quality, Ti(t) gradually increases so that the priority gradually decreases, and the system schedules other users with higher priority; if the channel quality of a certain user is poor and the system scheduling is not obtained for a long time, the average throughput T of the user isi(t) is decreased and thus the priority is increased, giving the user the opportunity to be scheduled. The proportional fairness algorithm comprehensively considers two factors of fairness and system performance, and is an algorithm with better performance.
Average throughput R of each user to be scheduledi(t) updating is needed after each scheduling time is finished, and the updating mode is shown as the following formula and is divided into two conditions that a user i is scheduled in the t-th time slot and the user i is not scheduled in the t-th time slot
Wherein t iscIndicating the number of slots, t, to be referenced before the current scheduling instantcLarger means that more history information is referred to, whereas less history information is referred to.
The traditional proportional fair algorithm (PF algorithm) does not consider the short-term fairness of users, and does not give scheduling time to users with access delay restrictions, so that the requirements of such users cannot be met. In order to improve the short-term fairness of the algorithm, the embodiment of the invention adds short-term service quality assurance to the priority of the PF algorithm, so that the priority of the user with larger access delay is increased. In order to solve the problem of resource scheduling, an efficient calculation method based on a PF algorithm is provided, a centralized resource allocation algorithm and a distributed resource allocation algorithm are adopted to realize cooperative load balancing, and an improved PF algorithm based on fairness and short-term priority is provided.
As an optional embodiment, the improved PF algorithm is that, according to the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot and the packet delay of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot, the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R isiIs the instantaneous transmission rate, T, of the user i to be scheduled in the time slot TiIs the average throughput, λ, of the user i to be scheduled in the time slot tcIs the maximum time delay, lambda, of the user access to be schedulediAnd (t) is the packet delay of the user i to be scheduled in the time slot t, wherein the packet delay is the access delay generated from the user to be scheduled to the time slot t.
As an alternative embodiment, the packet delay of the user i to be scheduled in the time slot t is calculated by the following formula:
wherein, when lambdaiWhen (t) is 0, i (t) is 0; when lambda isiWhen (t) ≠ 0, i (t) is 1.
It can be known from the above formula (4) that the larger the access delay value allowed by a user is, the larger the scheduling priority thereof is, the larger the probability of obtaining resource scheduling is, and it can be known from the improved priority algorithm that the improved proportional fairness policy can effectively guarantee the short-term service time, has good short-term fairness, and better solves the contradiction between the short-term service time fairness and the transmission speed existing in the conventional proportional fairness scheduling policy.
As an optional embodiment, allocating, based on the scheduling priority of each to-be-scheduled user in each resource block, a corresponding resource block to each to-be-scheduled user includes:
and for a plurality of scheduling priorities corresponding to any user to be scheduled, allocating the resource block with the maximum scheduling priority to the user to be scheduled.
It can be understood that, when the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled for each resource block in the current scheduling time slot is calculated through the above formula, the priorities of a plurality of users to be scheduled form a scheduling priority matrix. When resource scheduling is carried out, for any user to be scheduled, the resource block corresponding to the highest scheduling priority is allocated to the user to be scheduled. The resource block list is divided into a plurality of resource blocks, the divided resource blocks can be stored in the resource block list, and each time one resource block is allocated, the resource block in the resource block list is deleted until all the resource blocks in the resource block list are allocated completely.
As an alternative embodiment, the visible light and WiFi heterogeneous converged network is constructed based on the foregoing embodiments, where fig. 3 is a scenario that is most common to V L C and WiFi heterogeneous networks, and includes a B zone that can provide V L C resources and WiFi resources, and an a zone that can only provide WiFi resources, in general, users in the a zone only enjoy WiFi resources, and users in the B zone both enjoy WiFi resources and V L C resources, so that coverage of WiFi resources is wider than that of V L C resources (because V L C is susceptible to external influences), but bandwidth that can be provided by WiFi resources cannot well meet high-rate services required by some users, and V L C can meet requirements of high-rate services.
In order to prevent resource waste and improve resource utilization efficiency, the B-zone users firstly use the V L C resource and do not use the WiFi resource, the rest WiFi resource is supplied to the A-zone users, and the WiFi resource is used only when the V L C resource of the B-zone is not enough.
Since users in the area a only enjoy WiFi resources and the area B enjoys both WiFi resources and V L C resources, there is unfairness in resource allocation between the area a and the area B, and to reduce the unfairness, the embodiment of the present invention introduces an adjustment factor to preferentially allocate V L C resources when there are fewer users to be scheduled during resource allocation, and to reallocate WiFi resources when there are insufficient V L C resources for more users to be scheduled.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein, x is a resource block, and A is the number of users to be scheduled.
As can be seen from the formula (5),
according to the adjustment factor, optimizing the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled:
and calculating the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled based on the optimized scheduling priority algorithm to obtain the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled for each resource block at the current time slot t, and allocating the optimal resource block to each user to be scheduled according to the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled.
Fig. 4 shows an overall flowchart of a resource scheduling method for a visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network according to an embodiment of the present invention, where channel quality information of each user to be scheduled is first obtained; calculating the highest instantaneous rate which can be reached by each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot according to the channel quality information; calculating the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled on each resource block according to the highest instantaneous rate, the grouping time delay and the adjustment factor; allocating the resource block with the highest scheduling priority to a user to be scheduled; and after one resource block is allocated, deleting the resource block from the resource block list until all the resource blocks in the resource block list are allocated, namely, the resource scheduling of the user to be scheduled is finished.
According to the visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous fusion network provided by the embodiment of the invention, Wifi and V L C are matched with each other, the internet surfing pressure of users is greatly relieved, the users allocate resources of the visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous fusion network according to a certain principle, so that the speed of the network keeps a certain level, network congestion is effectively avoided, when the scheduling priority of the users is calculated, the grouping time delay of the users in the current time slot is considered, the short-term fairness of the users is considered, the risk of congestion of the whole heterogeneous network system is reduced, the shortage of infinite spectrum resources is relieved, when the resources are scheduled, the V L C resources are preferentially allocated when the users to be scheduled are less, and the WiFi resources are reallocated when the V L C resources are insufficient, so that the user flow pressure of the WiFi network is reduced, the wireless spectrum resources are saved, the spectrum use efficiency is improved, the risk of the whole network congestion is also reduced, the shortage of the wireless spectrum resources can be greatly relieved, and the spectrum efficiency and the wireless capacity are improved.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or part of the steps for implementing the method embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to program instructions, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program performs the steps including the method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, the method of the present application is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network is characterized by comprising L ED lamps, a WiFi access point and a scheduler, wherein L ED lamps form a visible light V L C network, and L ED lamps and the WiFi access point are connected with the scheduler;
the scheduler is used for calculating the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot according to the channel quality information of each user to be scheduled;
calculating the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block according to the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot and the grouping time delay of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot, wherein the heterogeneous network system is divided into a plurality of resource blocks;
and allocating a corresponding resource block for each user to be scheduled based on the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block.
2. The method for scheduling resources of the visible light communication and WiFi heterogeneous converged network according to claim 1, comprising:
calculating the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot according to the channel quality information of each user to be scheduled;
calculating the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block according to the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot and the grouping time delay of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot, wherein the heterogeneous network system is divided into a plurality of resource blocks;
and allocating a corresponding resource block for each user to be scheduled based on the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot is calculated according to the channel quality information of each user to be scheduled by the following formula:
wherein, x is the number of the resource block, t is the current scheduling time slot, rhoi,x,tFor the channel quality information R of the user i to be scheduled in the time slot t in the resource block xi，xAnd N is the total number of the resource blocks for the instant rate of the user i to be scheduled in the resource block x.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block is calculated according to the instantaneous transmission rate of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot and the packet delay of each user to be scheduled in the current scheduling time slot by the following formula:
wherein R isiIs the instantaneous transmission rate, T, of the user i to be scheduled in the time slot TiIs the average throughput, λ, of the user i to be scheduled in the time slot tcIs the maximum time delay, lambda, of the user access to be scheduledi(t) is the packet delay of the user i to be scheduled in the time slot t.
5. The resource scheduling method according to claim 4, wherein the packet delay of the user i to be scheduled in the time slot t is calculated by the following formula:
wherein, when lambdaiWhen (t) is 0, i (t) is 0; when lambda isiWhen (t) ≠ 0, i (t) is 1.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the allocating a corresponding resource block to each user to be scheduled based on the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled in each resource block comprises:
and for a plurality of scheduling priorities corresponding to any user to be scheduled, allocating the resource block with the maximum scheduling priority to the user to be scheduled.
7. The method for scheduling resources according to claim 4, further comprising:
an adjustment factor α is introduced, wherein,
wherein, x is a resource block, and A is the number of users to be scheduled;
according to the adjustment factor, optimizing the scheduling priority of each user to be scheduled:
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| CN113067638A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-02 | 西安电子科技大学 | VLC/RF heterogeneous network resource allocation method based on convex optimization |
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| CN113395775A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-14 | 中国科学技术大学 | Control method of indoor VLC-WiFi hybrid network |
| CN115378498A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-11-22 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队信息工程大学 | Multi-user visible light communication low-delay transmission and calculation integrated system |
| CN116418397A (en) * | 2023-06-12 | 2023-07-11 | 南昌大学 | Rate diversity assisted visible light communication method and system for user fairness |
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