CN116418397A - Rate diversity assisted visible light communication method and system for user fairness - Google Patents
Rate diversity assisted visible light communication method and system for user fairness Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a rate diversity auxiliary visible light communication method and a system for user fairness, which are characterized in that a target model is built, target parameters in the target model are obtained, a channel gain vector and the minimum reachable rate of a terminal are calculated, then an optimization parameter and constraint conditions corresponding to the optimization parameter are obtained, initialization processing is carried out, the initial optimization parameter is iteratively updated to obtain the target parameters, the target minimum reachable rate in the target parameters is determined, the target minimum reachable rate after two adjacent updates is obtained, a target difference value is calculated, whether the target difference value is smaller than a preset value is judged, if not, the iterative update is circulated until the target difference value is smaller than the preset value, a target public rate vector and a target precoding matrix of the current target parameter are obtained, the reachable rate of each terminal is calculated and output, and the fairness of resources allocated by each terminal is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of visible light communication, and particularly relates to a rate diversity-assisted visible light communication method and system for user fairness.
Background
With the rapid development of the high-speed communication service applied to various industries in life in the field of internet of things such as smart cities, smart home and intelligent transportation, the development of novel services such as ultra-high definition video and augmented reality is gradually promoted, and 6G and future wireless communication networks have to meet the basic demands of high data rate, intensive high capacity, strong security and ultra-low delay communication, and visible light communication (Visible Light Communication, VLC) is one of the effective technologies for meeting the demands, so that high-speed communication and efficient illumination service can be simultaneously provided, and the spectrum shortage problem of the current traditional radio can be effectively relieved, so that the research of the visible light communication has positive significance.
However, due to the limited modulation bandwidth of light emitting diode (Light Emitting Diode, LED) devices, there is a need for improved spectral utilization in visible light communications. The most mature orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology in the 4G and 5G technologies can effectively improve the frequency spectrum efficiency, and as the visible light communication signals need to meet non-negative real signals, the application of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology to the visible light communication needs to make adaptation adjustment, thereby obviously reducing the frequency spectrum gain or the energy efficiency of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology. Meanwhile, the non-orthogonal multiple access technology improves the spectrum utilization efficiency of the system in a non-orthogonal superposition mode of time domain, code rate or power domain resources, but because the non-orthogonal superposition coding mode is adopted, the decoding complexity of a receiving end of the non-orthogonal multiple access technology is more complex than that of the orthogonal multiple access technology, and the complexity of the non-orthogonal multiple access technology increases exponentially along with the increment of the superposition user number. For this reason, exploring new multiple access modulation access techniques suitable for visible light communication is critical to improving system spectral efficiency and user connectivity.
Compared with the existing orthogonal frequency division multiple access and non-orthogonal multiple access mechanisms, the rate diversity multiple access (Rate Splitting Multiple Access, RSMA) benefits from the split design of the message and the power allocation strategy between the public part and the private part of the user message, and has the advantages of high rate, good robustness, high spectrum efficiency, low computational complexity, suitability for various wireless network loads (underload and overload states) and the like. Thanks to this, RSMA is a research hotspot in academia and industry and is an effective support technology for future wireless communication technologies.
At present, research on application of RSMA technology to VLC at home and abroad is still in a starting stage, most of research is mainly focused on performance characterization of spectrum efficiency and total rate, and research on another performance index of a communication system, namely rate fairness, is less. In particular, when there are multiple users in the RSMA system, the resource allocation among the users in the system needs to be considered, that is, in order to enable each user to be allocated to an equal resource as much as possible, the rate fairness problem of the system needs to be considered, especially for the visible light communication network that relies on direct link transmission, since the channel gain of the visible light communication is inversely proportional to the square of the transceiving interval, the channel attenuation is more serious than that of the conventional radio frequency communication. For this reason, the gain distribution variance of the visible light communication network is larger. In other words, the channel quality of the edge users of the visible light communication node will be significantly weaker than that of the center area users, and the user fairness service problem caused thereby is more prominent.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, the embodiment of the invention provides a rate diversity assisted visible light communication method and a system for user fairness, which aim to solve the rate fairness problem of a visible light communication system based on rate diversity multiple access, so that edge users and central area users of a visible light communication node are distributed to equal resources as much as possible.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for rate diversity assisted visible light communication with user fairness, the method including:
step one, a target model is established, target parameters in the target model are obtained, and a channel gain vector is calculated according to the target parameters, wherein the target model comprises at least one light source and a plurality of terminals, and the channel gain vector is used for calculating the minimum reachable rate of the terminals;
step two, obtaining an optimization parameter and a constraint condition corresponding to the optimization parameter, and initializing the optimization parameter to obtain an initial optimization parameter, wherein the optimization parameter comprises a minimum reachable rate of a terminal, a precoding matrix, a public rate vector, a first vector of interference and noise of a terminal decryption public stream and a second vector of interference and noise of a terminal decryption private stream;
Step three, iteratively updating the initial optimization parameters to obtain target parameters, and determining a target minimum reachable rate in the target parameters;
step four, obtaining a target minimum achievable rate after two adjacent updates, calculating a target difference value, and judging whether the target difference value is smaller than a preset value or not;
step five, if not, the step three to the step four are circulated until the target difference value is smaller than a preset value;
step six, obtaining a target public rate vector and a target precoding matrix of the current target parameters, and calculating and outputting the reachable rate of each terminal according to the target public rate vector and the target precoding matrix so as to ensure the fairness of the resource allocation of each terminal.
Further, in the step of establishing a target model and obtaining target parameters in the target model and calculating a channel gain vector according to the target parameters, a calculation formula of the channel gain vector is as follows:
wherein ,
expressed as channel gain between the ith light source and the kth terminal, N t Expressed as total number of light sources>
Expressed as a channel gain vector between each light source and the kth terminal, n expressed as lambertian emission order,/and >
Represented as the reception area of the terminal PD +.>
Expressed as the spatial distance between the ith light source and the kth terminal,/and>
expressed as optical filter gain +.>
Expressed as a photoelectric conversion efficiency constant->
and />
Represented as the exit angle of the light source and the angle of incidence received by the terminal PD, respectively, < >>
Represented as the gain of the light concentrator.
Further, the channel gain vector is used for calculating a minimum achievable rate of the terminal, wherein a calculation formula of the minimum achievable rate of the terminal is as follows:
wherein ,
precoding vectors denoted as common stream, < >>
Noise, denoted k-th terminal,/v>
Precoding vector denoted as i-th terminal, ">
Precoding vector denoted as j-th terminal, ">
Precoding vector denoted as kth terminal, and>
expressed as channel gain vector between each light source and kth terminal +.>
Signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, denoted kth terminal decoding common information stream, < >>
Expressed as natural base constant,/->
Expressed as system bandwidth>
The achievable rate, denoted kth terminal decoding common stream,/>
An achievable rate denoted as decoded common stream, < >>
Signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, denoted kth terminal decoding private information stream, < >>
Expressed as minimum achievable rate of the terminal, < > >
Public information rate denoted as kth terminal, respectively>
The achievable rate, denoted kth terminal decoding private stream,/for>
，N r Expressed as the total number of terminals.
Further, the step of obtaining the optimization parameters and the constraint conditions corresponding to the optimization parameters, and initializing the optimization parameters to obtain initial optimization parameters, wherein the formula for initializing the precoding matrix is as follows:
wherein ,
the j-th column element of the ith row, denoted precoding matrix P, ">
and />
Upper and lower bounds, respectively expressed as light source linear region drive current, satisfy +.>
，/>
A DC component bias represented as a light source addition;
the formula for initializing the common rate vector is R c /N r, wherein ,
expressed as the achievable rate of the decoded common stream, N r Expressed as the total number of terminals;
the formula for initializing the first vector is:
wherein ,
expressed as relaxation variables;
the formula for initializing the second vector is:
wherein ,
expressed as a relaxation variable.
Further, in the step of iteratively updating the initial optimization parameter to obtain the target parameter, an iteratively updated formula is as follows:
wherein ,
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
and />
Are all denoted as relaxation variables,>
，/>
variable value representing the mth iteration of the precoding vector of the kth terminal, ++ >
The precoding vectors denoted as common streams are subjected to variable values for the mth iteration.
Further, in the step of obtaining the target common rate vector and the target precoding matrix of the current target parameter, and calculating and outputting the reachable rate of each terminal according to the target common rate vector and the target precoding matrix, a calculation formula of the reachable rate is as follows:
wherein ,
the achievable rate denoted k-th terminal, ">
Expressed as the common rate of the kth terminal in said target common rate vector,/for the terminal>
Expressed as channel gain vector between each light source and kth terminal +.>
Represented as a precoding vector for a kth terminal in the target precoding matrix.
A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a rate diversity-assisted visible light communication system for user fairness, the system comprising:
the system comprises a target model building module, a channel gain vector calculation module and a channel gain vector calculation module, wherein the target model building module is used for building a target model, acquiring target parameters in the target model and calculating a channel gain vector according to the target parameters, the target model comprises at least one light source and a plurality of terminals, and the channel gain vector is used for calculating the minimum reachable rate of the terminals;
the initialization processing module is used for acquiring optimization parameters and constraint conditions corresponding to the optimization parameters, and initializing the optimization parameters to obtain initial optimization parameters, wherein the optimization parameters comprise a minimum reachable rate of a terminal, a precoding matrix, a public rate vector, a first vector of interference and noise of a terminal decryption public stream and a second vector of interference and noise of a terminal decryption private stream;
The iteration updating module is used for carrying out iteration updating on the initial optimization parameters to obtain target parameters, and determining a target minimum reachable rate in the target parameters;
the judging module is used for acquiring the target minimum achievable rate after two adjacent updates, calculating a target difference value and judging whether the target difference value is smaller than a preset value or not;
the circulation module is used for circulating the iteration updating module to the judging module when the target difference value is judged to be not smaller than a preset value until the target difference value is smaller than the preset value;
and the reachable rate calculation module is used for acquiring a target public rate vector and a target precoding matrix of the current target parameter, calculating and outputting the reachable rate of each terminal according to the target public rate vector and the target precoding matrix so as to ensure the fairness of the resource allocation of each terminal.
A third aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the rate diversity assisted visible light communication method of user fairness as described in the first aspect.
A fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing a rate diversity assisted visible light communication method of user fairness according to the first aspect when executing the program.
Compared with the prior art, the method comprises the steps of establishing a target model, acquiring target parameters in the target model, calculating a channel gain vector and the minimum reachable rate of a terminal, acquiring optimization parameters and constraint conditions corresponding to the optimization parameters, carrying out initialization processing, iteratively updating the initial optimization parameters to obtain target parameters, determining the minimum reachable rate of the target parameters, acquiring the minimum reachable rate of the target after two adjacent updates, calculating a target difference value, judging whether the target difference value is smaller than a preset value, if not, circulating the iterative updating until the target difference value is smaller than the preset value, acquiring a target public rate vector of the current target parameters and a target precoding matrix, calculating the reachable rate of each terminal, and outputting the reachable rate, so that the problem of speed fairness of the visible light communication system based on speed diversity multiple access is solved, and the edge users and the central area users of the visible light communication node are distributed to equal resources as much as possible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of a rate diversity assisted visible light communication method for user fairness;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a visible light communication network scenario;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transmitting end of a visible light communication system based on multi-user fairness of rate diversity multiple access;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a receiving end of a visible light communication system based on multi-user fairness of rate diversity multiple access;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a room configuration and a user scenario of a visible light communication system based on rate diversity multiple access according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a rate diversity-assisted visible light communication system with user fairness according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
The following detailed description will be further described with reference to the above-described drawings.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more complete description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are presented in the figures. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The embodiment of the invention provides a rate diversity-assisted visible light communication method for user fairness, referring to fig. 1, which is a flow chart for implementing the rate diversity-assisted visible light communication method for user fairness, and the method specifically comprises the steps one to six.
Step one, a target model is established, target parameters in the target model are obtained, and a channel gain vector is calculated according to the target parameters, wherein the target model comprises at least one light source and a plurality of terminals, and the channel gain vector is used for calculating the minimum reachable rate of the terminals.
Specifically, firstly, a target model is established, the target model is a multiuser fair visible light communication system model based on rate diversity multiple access, please refer to fig. 2, which is a schematic view of a visible light communication network scene, wherein the target model comprises 
The LEDs are +.>
Individual users provide fair high-rate communication services, using RSMA as a user access policy, it will be appreciated that LEDs are light sources and users are terminals, in this embodiment Photodiodes (PDs).
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a transmitting end of a multi-user fair visible light communication system based on rate diversity multiple access is shown, wherein the transmitting end adopts a transmitting mechanism shown in fig. 3 to realize RSMA-assisted multi-user visible light communication information transmission. Specifically, RSMA sends to users respectively
Message->
Divided into public parts->
And private part
. Then, the common parts of all users are combined and encoded into one common stream +.>
And can be decoded by all users, the private parts of each user being encoded separately into the private stream +.>
Is a kind of medium.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a receiving end of a visible light communication system based on multi-user fairness of rate diversity multiple access is shown, wherein the receiving end adopts a receiving mechanism shown in fig. 4 to realize RSMA-assisted multi-user visible light communication information transmission. Specifically, users decode common signals and cancel their effects first by successive interference cancellation (Successive Interference Cancellation, SIC) techniques, users 
Decoding a private message belonging to the own private message in case the private messages of other users are regarded as noise +.>
Finally, the decoded private message +.>
And decoded belonging to the user->
Public message->
And combining to recover the original signal.
Defining signal flow
And assume +.>
，/>
Representing mathematical expectations, T representing transpose, +.>
Representing an identity matrix, a precoding matrix->
，/>
Representing terminal (user)/(user)>
Is used for the precoding vector of (a). In order to ensure that the LED transmission signal is not negative, a direct current bias is added into the pre-coding stream>
The transmission signal may be expressed as:
in VLC systems, precoding matrices to ensure that LEDs operate in a linear operating region, avoiding signal distortion
The following requirements should be met:
wherein ,
representation->
Is>
Go (go)/(go)>
Representing precoding matrix +.>
Is>
Row vector +.>
Norms, i.e. for precoding matrix +.>
Is>
Absolute value sum of row vector elements, +.>
and />
Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the LED linear region driving current and satisfy + ->
，/>
Representing the dc component offset added for the light source.
At the receiver, the optical signal received by each user is detected by its own PD and converted into an electrical signal by the PD. Thus, the first
The received signals for the individual users are expressed as:
wherein ,
the representation is superimposed on the->
The mean value of the individual users is zero, the variance is +.>
White gaussian noise (Additive White Gaussian Noise, AWGN). />
For emitting LED arrays and +.>
Channel gain vector between individual users, i.e. between individual light sources and kth terminal, the +.>
LED and->
Visible light channel gain of line-of-sight link between individual users +.>
Can be calculated by the following formula:
where n is expressed as the lambertian emission order,
represented as the reception area of the terminal PD +.>
Expressed as the spatial distance between the receiving user and the light radiation source LED, i.e. the spatial distance between the i-th light source and the k-th terminal +.>
Expressed as optical filter gain +.>
Expressed as a photoelectric conversion efficiency constant->
and />
Represented as the exit angle of the light source and the angle of incidence received by the terminal PD, respectively, < >>
Expressed as half-power angle->
Expressed as refractive index>
Represented as a receiving Field of View (FoV), N t Expressed as total number of light sources>
Represented as the gain of the light concentrator.
Further, the minimum achievable rate of the terminal can be calculated by the following method, which can be understood as the minimum achievable rate of the user:
in visible light communication systems, the dc bias does not carry any data and can be removed by Alternating Current (AC) coupling. Thus, the first 
Individual user decodes the public information stream->
The signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) of (c) is expressed as:
wherein ,
expressed as natural base constant,/->
Expressed as system bandwidth, in order to ensure a common flow +.>
The achievable rate of decoding the common stream, which can be successfully decoded by all users, can be expressed as:
according to the decoding principle of the RSMA,
shared by all users within the area, define +.>
Denoted as +.>
Individual user common information rate, can be obtained:
after decoding the common stream, the common data stream is eliminated by using SIC technique, thereby knowing that
The signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio calculation expression for decoding private streams by individual users is given as:
wherein ,
precoding vector denoted as j-th terminal, ">
A precoding vector denoted as kth terminal, then +.>
Personal terminal (user) decodes private stream +. >
The achievable rate of (2) can be expressed as:
i.e. the minimum achievable rate of the terminal (user) can be expressed as:
step two, obtaining an optimization parameter and a constraint condition corresponding to the optimization parameter, and initializing the optimization parameter to obtain an initial optimization parameter, wherein the optimization parameter comprises a minimum reachable rate of a terminal, a precoding matrix, a public rate vector, a first vector of interference and noise of a terminal decryption public stream and a second vector of interference and noise of a terminal decryption private stream.
It should be noted that, the formula for initializing the precoding matrix is:
wherein ,
the j-th column element of the ith row, denoted precoding matrix P, ">
and />
Respectively expressed as light source linear region drive currentUpper and lower bounds, satisfy->
，/>
A DC component bias represented as a light source addition;
the formula for initializing the common rate vector is R c /N r, wherein ,
expressed as the achievable rate of the decoded common stream, N r Expressed as the total number of terminals;
the formula for initializing the first vector is:
wherein ,
expressed as relaxation variables;
the formula for initializing the second vector is:
wherein ,
expressed as a relaxation variable.
And thirdly, iteratively updating the initial optimization parameters to obtain target parameters, and determining a target minimum reachable rate in the target parameters.
Specifically, the deduction process of the iterative updated mathematical model is as follows:
the problem of rate fairness in a rate diversity assisted visible light communication system is solved by maximizing the minimum user achievable rate, and the optimization problem is constructed as follows:
first, the signal flow is set
Precoding matrix->
LED and->
Channel gain vector between individual users>
First of all
The received signal of the individual user->
. And then considering the joint constraint of the LED linear working area and the user public information rate of the visible light communication system, and finally establishing a maximum user minimum reachable rate problem model by optimizing a precoding matrix and the user public rate, wherein the mathematical model modeling is given as follows:
wherein ,
denoted as +.>
Public information rate of individual terminals (users),/-, for example>
Denoted as +.>
Decoding private stream of personal terminal (user)>
Is (are) achievable rate,/->
Denoted as +.>
Individual terminals (users) decode the common stream +.>
Is (are) achievable rate,/->
And
upper and lower bounds, respectively, of the drive current, expressed as light source (LED) linear region, satisfy +.>
。
From the point of view of problem reconstruction, in order to be able to effectively cope with the maximum and minimum fairness problem, auxiliary variables are first introduced
As a lower bound for the minimum achievable rate among all users, the max-min fairness optimization problem can be reconstructed as:
Since the problem is still a non-convex problem, it is difficult to solve directly, and then the optimization problem is solved using a continuous convex approximation based on the relaxation variables, eventually approximating a convex problem.
The non-convexity of the optimization problem (13), i.e. (13 a) to (13 e), is derived from the constraints (13 b) and (13 c), in order to cope with the non-convexity of the constraint (13 b), a relaxation variable is introduced first
，/>
，/>
（/>
) Converting the constraint (13 b) into:
similarly, to deal with the non-convexity of (13 c), we introduce a relaxation variable
，/>
，/>
（/>
) Converting the constraint (13 c) into:
to this end, except for the constraint (14 c) and the constraint (15 c), the constraint conditions are convex constraints. Furthermore, in order to deal with the non-convexity of (14 c) and (15 c), the application adopts a linear approximation method to convert the non-convexity constraint into a convexity constraint, and further obtains a progressive optimal solution through an iterative algorithm. For (14 c) and (15 c), at points respectively
，/>
For a pair of
and />
An approximation of the equation for the first-order taylor expansion is made, where the superscript (m) is expressed as the variable value for the mth iteration. Thus, constraints (14 c) and (15 c) can be rewritten as:
in summary, the problem (12), i.e., (12 a) to (12 d), can ultimately be converted into a mathematical model given as follows, i.e., an iteratively updated mathematical model:
From the above model, the optimization problem is a convex optimization problem, that is, the original optimization problem (12), that is, the approximate convex problems of (12 a) to (12 d), and then the convex optimization tool box is used to solve the problem (17), that is, the approximate solutions of the original non-convex optimization problem can be obtained.
In the present embodiment, the record
，/>
, wherein ,/>
First vector representing interference and noise of decoding common stream for terminal (user), second vector representing interference and noise of decoding common stream for terminal (user), first vector for decoding common>
Second vector representing interference and noise of terminal (user) decoded private stream, public rate vector +.>
。
And step four, obtaining a target minimum achievable rate after two adjacent updates, calculating a target difference value, judging whether the target difference value is smaller than a preset value, and if not, executing the step five.
It can be understood that after each iteration update, new target parameters are generated, the target minimum reachable rate in the target parameters is obtained, and the target minimum reachable rates after two adjacent updates are differenced, wherein the difference is the target difference.
And fifthly, cycling the third step to the fourth step until the target difference value is smaller than a preset value.
Step six, obtaining a target public rate vector and a target precoding matrix of the current target parameters, and calculating and outputting the reachable rate of each terminal according to the target public rate vector and the target precoding matrix so as to ensure the fairness of the resource allocation of each terminal.
Under the condition that the target common rate vector and the target precoding matrix of the current target parameters are known, the reachable rate of each terminal can be calculated according to a calculation formula of the reachable rate, and the calculation formula of the reachable rate is:
wherein ,
the achievable rate denoted k-th terminal, ">
Denoted as the common rate of the kth terminal in the target common rate vector,/>
Expressed as channel gain vector between each light source and kth terminal +.>
Represented as a precoding vector for the kth terminal in the target precoding matrix.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) Firstly, rate diversity multiple access adaptive to a visible light communication system is established, so that the modulation bandwidth limit is relieved, and the frequency spectrum efficiency of the visible light communication is improved.
2) The minimum reachable rate of the users in the visible light communication system with the assistance of the rate diversity multiple access is maximized by optimizing the precoding matrix and the public rate vector, so that the multi-user fairness service capability of the visible light communication system with the assistance of the rate diversity multiple access is improved.
3) The optimization problem is solved by a method based on a relaxation variable and continuous convex approximation, so that the original non-convex problem can be quickly solved through a convex optimization tool box, and a feasible optimization solution can be obtained.
In summary, the method for rate diversity assisted visible light communication with user fairness provided by the embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a target model is built, target parameters in the target model are obtained, a channel gain vector and the minimum reachable rate of a terminal are calculated, then an optimization parameter and constraint conditions corresponding to the optimization parameter are obtained, initialization processing is carried out, then the initial optimization parameter is iteratively updated to obtain the target parameters, the target minimum reachable rate in the target parameters is determined, the target minimum reachable rate after two adjacent updates is obtained, a target difference value is calculated, whether the target difference value is smaller than a preset value is judged, if not, the iterative update is circulated until the target difference value is smaller than the preset value, a target public rate vector and a target precoding matrix of the current target parameter are obtained, the reachable rate of each terminal is calculated and output, and the rate fairness problem of the visible light communication system based on rate diversity multiple access is solved, so that edge users and central area users of the visible light communication node are distributed to equal resources as much as possible.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a room configuration and a user scenario of a visible light communication system based on rate diversity multiple access according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein two LED lamps are arranged in the room configuration and the user scenario 
Providing lighting and communication services for two single PD users, i.e +.>
。
Assuming that two LED fixtures are located on the ceiling, the coordinates are (2, 3) and (3,2,3), respectively; PD1 is represented as a central area user, PD2 is represented as a visible light communication node edge user, two single PD users are respectively positioned at (2.5,2,1) and (4,3,1), and the space distance between a receiving user and an optical radiation source LED can be calculated through coordinates; assuming the receiving area of PD
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Optical filter gain->
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Photoelectric conversion efficiency constant->
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Half power angle->
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Receiving angle of view +.>
Thus, by the formula (4)Channel gain vector of two users can be calculated
。
Initializing: initializing optimization parameters to obtain initial optimization parameters, wherein the optimization parameters comprise the minimum reachable rate of the terminal, a precoding matrix, a public rate vector, a first vector of interference and noise of the terminal for decrypting the public stream and a second vector of interference and noise of the terminal for decrypting the private stream. Specifically, initial optimization parameters are generated based on constraints of the problem (17), i.e., (17 a) to (17 k)
Precoding matrix->
It can be initialized by finding a precoding matrix that satisfies the constraint (17 j); public rate vector- >
Can be achieved by assuming a minimum common rate +.>
Is uniformly distributed to two users for initialization, i.e. +.>
，/>
and />
Initialization may be performed by taking inequality constraints (17 i) and (17 e), respectively, etc.
Iterative updating: initial value to be generated
Substituted into the problem (17), namely (17 a) to (17 k), and solved and updated to obtain +.>
，/>
Initial values, denoted minimum achievable rate, precoding matrix, common rate vector, first vector and second vector, respectively, +.>
The optimized values, denoted as minimum achievable rate, precoding matrix, common rate vector, first vector and second vector, respectively.
Judging: and judging whether the target difference value is smaller than a preset value.
Repeating the steps of: and repeating the iterative updating step and the judging step until the target difference value is smaller than a preset value, and ending the cycle.
The calculation steps are as follows: outputting common rate vector in target parameter
And precoding matrix->
And calculates the achievable rates for user 1 and user 2. Thus, the achievable rates of user 1 and user 2 +.>
and />
The method can be given as:
wherein ,
and />
Channel gain vectors representing user 1 and user 2, respectively,/->
and />
Representing noise for user 1 and user 2, respectively.
Example two
Referring to fig. 6, a schematic structural diagram of a rate diversity-assisted visible light communication system with user fairness is provided in a second embodiment of the present invention, where a rate diversity-assisted visible light communication system 200 with user fairness specifically includes:
the target model building module 21 is configured to build a target model, obtain target parameters in the target model, and calculate a channel gain vector according to the target parameters, where the target model includes at least one light source and a plurality of terminals, and the channel gain vector is used to calculate a minimum achievable rate of the terminals, where a calculation formula of the channel gain vector is:
wherein ,
expressed as channel gain between the ith light source and the kth terminal, N t Expressed as total number of light sources>
Expressed as a channel gain vector between each light source and the kth terminal, n expressed as lambertian emission order,/and>
represented asReception area of terminal PD->
Expressed as the spatial distance between the ith light source and the kth terminal,/and>
expressed as optical filter gain +.>
Expressed as a photoelectric conversion efficiency constant->
and />
Represented as the exit angle of the light source and the angle of incidence received by the terminal PD, respectively, < >>
Expressed as the gain of the optical concentrator, in addition, the minimum achievable rate of the terminal is calculated as:
wherein ,
precoding vectors denoted as common stream, < >>
Noise, denoted k-th terminal,/v>
Precoding vector denoted as i-th terminal, ">
Precoding vector denoted as j-th terminal, ">
Precoding vector denoted as kth terminal, and>
expressed as channel gain vector between each light source and kth terminal +.>
Signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, denoted kth terminal decoding common information stream, < >>
Expressed as natural base constant,/->
Expressed as system bandwidth>
The achievable rate, denoted kth terminal decoding common stream,/>
An achievable rate denoted as decoded common stream, < >>
Signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, denoted kth terminal decoding private information stream, < >>
Expressed as minimum achievable rate of the terminal, < >>
Public information rate denoted as kth terminal, respectively>
The achievable rate, denoted kth terminal decoding private stream,/for>
，N r Expressed as the total number of terminals;
the initialization processing module 22 is configured to obtain an optimization parameter and a constraint condition corresponding to the optimization parameter, and initialize the optimization parameter to obtain an initial optimization parameter, where the optimization parameter includes a minimum reachable rate of a terminal, a precoding matrix, a public rate vector, a first vector of interference and noise of a terminal decrypting a public stream, and a second vector of interference and noise of a terminal decrypting a private stream, and an equation for initializing the precoding matrix is:
wherein ,
the j-th column element of the ith row, denoted precoding matrix P, ">
and />
Upper and lower bounds, respectively expressed as light source linear region drive current, satisfy +.>
，/>
A DC component bias represented as a light source addition;
the formula for initializing the common rate vector is R c /N r, wherein ,
expressed as the achievable rate of the decoded common stream, N r Expressed as the total number of terminals;
the formula for initializing the first vector is:
wherein ,
expressed as relaxation variables; />
The formula for initializing the second vector is:
wherein ,
expressed as relaxation variables;
the iteration updating module 23 is configured to iteratively update the initial optimization parameter to obtain a target parameter, and determine a target minimum achievable rate in the target parameter, where an iteration updating formula is:
wherein ,
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
and />
Are all denoted as relaxation variables,>
，/>
variable value representing the mth iteration of the precoding vector of the kth terminal, ++>
Variable values representing the mth iteration of the precoding vector of the common stream;
the judging module 24 is configured to obtain a target minimum achievable rate after two adjacent updates, calculate a target difference, and judge whether the target difference is smaller than a preset value;
A circulation module 25, configured to circulate the iteration update module 23 to the determination module 24 when the target difference is determined to be not less than a preset value, until the target difference is less than the preset value;
the reachable rate calculation module 26 is configured to obtain a target common rate vector and a target precoding matrix of a current target parameter, calculate a reachable rate of each terminal according to the target common rate vector and the target precoding matrix, and output the reachable rate to ensure fairness of resource allocation of each terminal, where a calculation formula of the reachable rate is:
wherein ,
the achievable rate denoted k-th terminal, ">
Expressed as the common rate of the kth terminal in said target common rate vector,/for the terminal>
Expressed as channel gain vector between each light source and kth terminal +.>
Represented as a precoding vector for a kth terminal in the target precoding matrix.
Example III
In another aspect, referring to fig. 7, a block diagram of an electronic device according to a third embodiment of the present invention is provided, including a memory 20, a processor 10, and a computer program 30 stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, where the processor 10 implements a method for implementing the above-mentioned rate diversity-assisted visible light communication with user fairness when executing the computer program 30.
The processor 10 may be, among other things, a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor or other data processing chip for running program code or processing data stored in the memory 20, e.g. executing an access restriction program or the like, in some embodiments.
The memory 20 includes at least one type of readable storage medium including flash memory, a hard disk, a multimedia card, a card memory (e.g., SD or DX memory, etc.), a magnetic memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc. The memory 20 may in some embodiments be an internal storage unit of the electronic device, such as a hard disk of the electronic device. The memory 20 may also be an external storage device of the electronic device in other embodiments, such as a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash Card (Flash Card) or the like. Further, the memory 20 may also include both internal storage units and external storage devices of the electronic device. The memory 20 may be used not only for storing application software of an electronic device and various types of data, but also for temporarily storing data that has been output or is to be output.
It should be noted that the structure shown in fig. 7 does not constitute a limitation of the electronic device, and in other embodiments the electronic device may comprise fewer or more components than shown, or may combine certain components, or may have a different arrangement of components.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements a rate diversity assisted visible light communication method of user fairness as described above.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the logic and/or steps represented in the flow diagrams or otherwise described herein, e.g., a ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, as the program may be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It is to be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, may be implemented using any one or combination of the following techniques, as is well known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and the like.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of rate diversity assisted visible light communication for user fairness, the method comprising:
step one, a target model is established, target parameters in the target model are obtained, and a channel gain vector is calculated according to the target parameters, wherein the target model comprises at least one light source and a plurality of terminals, and the channel gain vector is used for calculating the minimum reachable rate of the terminals;
Step two, obtaining an optimization parameter and a constraint condition corresponding to the optimization parameter, and initializing the optimization parameter to obtain an initial optimization parameter, wherein the optimization parameter comprises a minimum reachable rate of a terminal, a precoding matrix, a public rate vector, a first vector of interference and noise of a terminal decryption public stream and a second vector of interference and noise of a terminal decryption private stream;
step three, iteratively updating the initial optimization parameters to obtain target parameters, and determining a target minimum reachable rate in the target parameters;
step four, obtaining a target minimum achievable rate after two adjacent updates, calculating a target difference value, and judging whether the target difference value is smaller than a preset value or not;
step five, if not, the step three to the step four are circulated until the target difference value is smaller than a preset value;
step six, obtaining a target public rate vector and a target precoding matrix of the current target parameters, and calculating and outputting the reachable rate of each terminal according to the target public rate vector and the target precoding matrix so as to ensure the fairness of the resource allocation of each terminal.
2. The method for rate diversity assisted visible light communication according to claim 1, wherein in the step of establishing a target model and acquiring target parameters in the target model, calculating a channel gain vector according to the target parameters, a calculation formula of the channel gain vector is as follows:
wherein ,
expressed as channel gain between the ith light source and the kth terminal, N t Expressed as total number of light sources>
Expressed as a channel gain vector between each light source and the kth terminal, n expressed as lambertian emission order,/and>
represented as the reception area of the terminal PD +.>
Expressed as the spatial distance between the ith light source and the kth terminal,/and>
represented as the gain of the optical filter,
expressed as a photoelectric conversion efficiency constant->
and />
Represented as the exit angle of the light source and the angle of incidence received by the terminal PD respectively,
represented as the gain of the light concentrator.
3. The method for rate diversity assisted visible light communication according to claim 2, wherein the channel gain vector is used to calculate a minimum achievable rate of the terminal, and wherein the calculation formula of the minimum achievable rate of the terminal is:
wherein ,
precoding vectors denoted as common stream, < >>
Noise, denoted k-th terminal,/v>
Precoding vector denoted as i-th terminal, ">
Precoding vector denoted as j-th terminal, ">
Represented as a precoding vector for the kth terminal,
expressed as channel gain vector between each light source and kth terminal +.>
Signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, denoted kth terminal decoding common information stream, < > >
Expressed as natural base constant,/->
Expressed as system bandwidth>
The achievable rate, denoted kth terminal decoding common stream,/>
An achievable rate denoted as decoded common stream, < >>
Signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, denoted kth terminal decoding private information stream, < >>
Expressed as minimum achievable rate of the terminal, < >>
Public information rate denoted as kth terminal, respectively>
The achievable rate, denoted kth terminal decoding private stream,/for>
，N r Expressed as the total number of terminals.
4. The method for rate diversity assisted visible light communication according to claim 3, wherein the step of obtaining an optimization parameter and a constraint condition corresponding to the optimization parameter, initializing the optimization parameter to obtain an initial optimization parameter, and the formula for initializing the precoding matrix is as follows:
wherein ,
the j-th column element of the ith row, denoted precoding matrix P, ">
and />
Upper and lower bounds, respectively expressed as light source linear region drive current, satisfy +.>
，/>
A DC component bias represented as a light source addition;
the formula for initializing the common rate vector is R c /N r, wherein ,
expressed as the achievable rate of the decoded common stream, N r Expressed as the total number of terminals;
The formula for initializing the first vector is:
wherein ,
expressed as relaxation variables;
the formula for initializing the second vector is:
wherein ,
expressed as a relaxation variable.
5. The method for rate diversity assisted visible light communication with user fairness according to claim 4, wherein in the step of iteratively updating the initial optimization parameter to obtain a target parameter, an iterative update formula is:
wherein ,
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
and />
Are all denoted as relaxation variables,>
，/>
variable value representing the mth iteration of the precoding vector of the kth terminal, ++>
The precoding vectors denoted as common streams are subjected to variable values for the mth iteration.
6. The method for rate diversity assisted visible light communication according to claim 5, wherein in the step of obtaining a target common rate vector and a target precoding matrix of a current target parameter, and calculating and outputting an achievable rate of each terminal according to the target common rate vector and the target precoding matrix, a calculation formula of the achievable rate is:
wherein ,
the achievable rate denoted k-th terminal, ">
Expressed as the common rate of the kth terminal in said target common rate vector,/for the terminal >
Expressed as channel gain vector between each light source and kth terminal +.>
Represented as a precoding vector for a kth terminal in the target precoding matrix.
7. A rate diversity assisted visible light communication system for user fairness, the system comprising:
the system comprises a target model building module, a channel gain vector calculation module and a channel gain vector calculation module, wherein the target model building module is used for building a target model, acquiring target parameters in the target model and calculating a channel gain vector according to the target parameters, the target model comprises at least one light source and a plurality of terminals, and the channel gain vector is used for calculating the minimum reachable rate of the terminals;
the initialization processing module is used for acquiring optimization parameters and constraint conditions corresponding to the optimization parameters, and initializing the optimization parameters to obtain initial optimization parameters, wherein the optimization parameters comprise a minimum reachable rate of a terminal, a precoding matrix, a public rate vector, a first vector of interference and noise of a terminal decryption public stream and a second vector of interference and noise of a terminal decryption private stream;
the iteration updating module is used for carrying out iteration updating on the initial optimization parameters to obtain target parameters, and determining a target minimum reachable rate in the target parameters;
The judging module is used for acquiring the target minimum achievable rate after two adjacent updates, calculating a target difference value and judging whether the target difference value is smaller than a preset value or not;
the circulation module is used for circulating the iteration updating module to the judging module when the target difference value is judged to be not smaller than a preset value until the target difference value is smaller than the preset value;
and the reachable rate calculation module is used for acquiring a target public rate vector and a target precoding matrix of the current target parameter, calculating and outputting the reachable rate of each terminal according to the target public rate vector and the target precoding matrix so as to ensure the fairness of the resource allocation of each terminal.
8. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor, implements a user fairness rate diversity assisted visible light communication method according to any of claims 1-6.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the user fairness rate diversity-assisted visible light communication method of any of claims 1-6 when executing the program.
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