CN111505815A - Ultra-low equivalent black body temperature long-wave infrared optical system - Google Patents
Ultra-low equivalent black body temperature long-wave infrared optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111505815A CN111505815A CN202010419365.3A CN202010419365A CN111505815A CN 111505815 A CN111505815 A CN 111505815A CN 202010419365 A CN202010419365 A CN 202010419365A CN 111505815 A CN111505815 A CN 111505815A
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
- G02B17/0647—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using more than three curved mirrors
Abstract
An ultra-low equivalent black body temperature long-wave infrared optical system solves the technical problems of low system signal-to-noise ratio and short system detection distance in infrared detection. The ultra-low equivalent blackbody temperature long-wave infrared optical system comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a tertiary mirror, a quaternary mirror, a primary mirror light hood, supporting ribs, a field diaphragm and a detector light hood which are located on the same optical axis and made of aluminum, wherein the material is a germanium window and an optical filter, the long-wave refrigeration infrared detector target surface, the entrance pupil diameter of the system is 200mm, the field angle is 1.07 degrees, the image space full height is 10.8mm, the wavelength is 7.0-10.1 um, a four-mirror structure is adopted, and the equivalent blackbody temperature of the system is 180K. Through three support polishing, secondary mirror trompil and downthehole surface be special curvature radius, add the different processing technology of field of view diaphragm and field of view diaphragm front and back surface, place measures such as detector lens hood, greatly reduced optical system self heat radiation level, system equivalent black body temperature is low to 180K, all plays crucial effect to improving system signal-to-noise ratio, increase detection distance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of infrared optics, and particularly relates to an ultra-low equivalent temperature long-wavelength external optical system.
Background
The space-based infrared optical detection system is used as an important component of the space-based detection system, and has two advantages compared with a visible light detection system, firstly, an infrared target detects and acquires target geometric or material information through the radiation characteristic of self thermal radiation, and has passive concealment, while the visible light target acquires target reflected light information by utilizing the reflection of self surface to natural light, and the target which is easy to monitor is found out, and has poor concealment; secondly, when the target monitored by the visible light is in a shadowy area irradiated by the sun, the visible light cannot be monitored continuously by the visible light detection; and the infrared detection can continuously track and monitor to avoid target loss, and can realize all-weather monitoring.
With the development of the development technology of the detector, such as the improvement of the integration time, the reduction of the self dark current and the like, the factors limiting the high sensitivity of the infrared detection system mainly include background heat radiation and the self heat radiation of the optical-mechanical system, and particularly, within the range of a long-wave band, the stray radiation of the outward radiation quantity of the self heat radiation (optical elements, lens barrels, support ribs and the like) of the optical-mechanical system reaching a detection surface is usually larger than the radiation quantity of a weak signal target by several orders of magnitude and is not negligible. However, with the development of the space detection technology, the infrared imaging system is widely applied to the fields of air-to-sky attack and defense, astronomical observation, ground remote sensing and the like. The space environment outside the atmosphere is greatly different from the environment inside the atmosphere, and the background temperature of the space environment is extremely low, and the background radiation energy is extremely weak. Therefore, in the deep space detection background, the space background radiation is extremely small, and the optical system self heat radiation becomes the main background radiation of the detector.
The self heat radiation of the optical system can cause the reduction of the signal to noise ratio of a detected target and the deterioration of the contrast of an image, so that the level of the whole image is reduced, the dynamic range of the image is shortened, the whole gray scale is unevenly distributed, under the serious condition, the detected target signal is submerged, the target signal cannot be identified, or a false signal is detected, the detected target can be lost, the detection efficiency is reduced, and even the whole detection system is failed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ultralow equivalent temperature long-wavelength external optical system, which solves the technical problems of low signal-to-noise ratio, poor image contrast and short system detection distance of a space-based infrared optical detection system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
an ultra-low equivalent temperature, long wavelength external optical system, the optical system comprising:
the optical system includes: the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the third mirror, the fourth mirror, the window, the optical filter, the detector and the field diaphragm are positioned on the same optical axis; the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the third mirror and the fourth mirror form a four-mirror structure; incident light is transmitted to a target surface of the detector through a window and an optical filter behind the three mirrors after passing through the coaxial four-mirror structure and a field diaphragm positioned at the image surface of the secondary mirror; the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the third mirror, the fourth mirror and the field diaphragm are all made of aluminum; the window and the filter material are germanium, and the detector is a long-wave refrigeration infrared detector;
the primary mirror is a hyperboloid, the caliber of the primary mirror is 200mm, the central opening is 50mm, all the reflecting surfaces are the same as the optical axis, and the primary mirror is connected with the secondary mirror through support ribs and the relative positions of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror are fixed;
the secondary mirror is an aspheric surface with the order of 6 times, the caliber is 54mm, and all reflecting surfaces are on the same optical axis;
the three mirrors are aspheric surfaces with the order of 6, the caliber is 105.6mm, the central opening is 32mm, and each reflecting surface is the same as the optical axis and is connected with the four mirrors and the main mirror;
the four mirrors are aspheric surfaces with the order of 6 times, the caliber is 140mm, the central opening is 40mm, each reflecting surface is the same as the optical axis, and the main mirror and the four mirrors are two surfaces corresponding to one aluminum plate;
the specific parameters of the system are as follows:
| radius of | Distance between each other | Surface property | |
| Article surface | ∞ | ∞ | |
| Main mirror | -217.32 | -82.41 | Reflection |
| Secondary mirror | -78.98 | 219.60 | Reflection |
| Three mirrors | -395.45 | -120.25 | Reflection |
| Four mirrors | 250.58 | 125.35 | Reflection |
| Front surface of window | ∞ | 2.5 | Transmission through |
| Rear surface of window | ∞ | 21.4 | Transmission through |
| Front surface of optical filter | ∞ | 0.3 | Transmission through |
| Wave light sheet rear surface | ∞ | 10 | Transmission through |
| Image plane | ∞ |
According to the mathematical description of the spherical surface and the aspherical surface, the aspherical coefficients of the reflecting surfaces of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the third mirror and the fourth mirror are respectively as follows:
reflection surface of the main mirror: k-1.11624148900013, a-0, B-0;
reflecting surface of secondary mirror: k-4.05912651030647, A-2.42188788391652 e-007,
B＝-1.64511841325741e-010；
reflecting surfaces of the three mirrors: k is 0, A is 4.84587256933752e-008,
B＝2.44808849642678e-012；
reflecting surfaces of the four mirrors: k is 0, A is 2.13110926003392e-008,
B＝-1.84900320050003e-013。
preferably, the diameter of the entrance pupil of the system is 200mm, the field angle is 1.07 degrees, the image space full height is 10.8mm, the wavelength is 7.0 um-10.1 um, the distortion is less than 1%, and the root mean square diameter of the dot array is less than 10 um.
Preferably, the device also comprises a support rib; the primary mirror and the secondary mirror are connected through support ribs, and the specular reflectivity of the support ribs is larger than 80%.
Preferably, the secondary mirror is provided with a central hole with the size of
The depth of the hole is 20 mm; the inner surface of the hole is a convex surface of R220, and the inner surface of the hole is oxidized by aluminum.
Preferably, the front surface of the field diaphragm is sprayed with the matting paint with the absorption rate of 99%, and the rear surface is plated with the gold film with the reflectivity of more than 95%.
Preferably, the device further comprises a detector filter cover; the detector light filter cover is arranged between the window and the optical filter, and the inner surface of the detector light filter cover is sprayed with the matting paint with the absorption rate of 99%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the system has excellent imaging quality, the distortion is less than 1 percent and the root mean square diameter of the dot array chart is less than 10um under the condition that the system parameters are that the entrance pupil diameter is 200mm, the field angle is 1.07 degrees, the image space total height is 10.8mm, the wavelength is 7.0 um-10.1 um and a four-mirror structure is adopted.
2. Through three support polishing, secondary mirror trompil and downthehole surface be special curvature radius, add the different processing technology of field of view diaphragm and field of view diaphragm front and back surface, place measures such as detector lens hood, greatly reduced optical system self heat radiation level, system equivalent black body temperature is low to 180K, all plays crucial effect to improving system signal-to-noise ratio, increase detection distance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-low equivalent temperature long-wave external optical system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a root mean square dot diagram of a long-wave infrared optical system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating distortion of a long-wave infrared optical system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the equivalent radiation temperature and the radiation flux of the system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a main mirror, 2, a secondary mirror, 3, a third mirror, 4, a fourth mirror, 5, a window, 6, an optical filter, 7, a detector target surface, 8, a main mirror light shield, 9, a support rib, 10, a field diaphragm, 11 and a detector light shield.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, an ultra-low equivalent blackbody temperature long-wavelength infrared optical system mainly includes a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a tertiary mirror 3, a quaternary mirror 4, a window 5, an optical filter 6, a detector target surface 7, a primary mirror light shield 8, a support rib 9, a field diaphragm 10 and a detector light shield 11, wherein the primary mirror 1, the secondary mirror 2, the tertiary mirror 3, the quaternary mirror 4, the window 5, the optical filter 6, the detector target surface 7, the primary mirror light shield 8, the support rib 9, the field diaphragm 10 and the detector light shield 11 are arranged on the same optical axis, the primary mirror 1, the secondary mirror 2, the tertiary mirror 3, the quaternary mirror 4, the primary mirror light shield 8, the support rib 9, the field diaphragm 10 and the detector light shield 11 are all made of aluminum, the window 5 and the optical filter 6 are made of germanium, and the detector target surface 7 is a long-wave infrared refrigeration detector. The detector comprises a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a third mirror 3 and a fourth mirror 4, wherein the primary mirror 1, the secondary mirror 2, the third mirror 3 and the fourth mirror 4 form a four-mirror structure, and incident light is reflected by the primary mirror 1, the secondary mirror 2, the third mirror 3 and the fourth mirror 4 in sequence, is positioned at a field diaphragm 10 at an image surface of the secondary mirror 2, and then is transmitted to a target surface 7 of the detector through a window 5 behind the third mirror 3 and an optical filter 6. Wherein:
the primary mirror 1 is a hyperboloid, the caliber of the primary mirror is 200mm, the central opening is 50mm, the material of the primary mirror is aluminum, all reflecting surfaces are coaxial, and the primary mirror is connected with the secondary mirror 2 through three support ribs 9 and the relative positions of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror are fixed. The three supporting ribs 9 adopt a polishing process, so that the mirror reflectivity of the three supporting ribs 9 is more than 80 percent, and the increase of the equivalent blackbody temperature of the system due to high absorption of the three supporting ribs 9 is reduced.
The secondary mirror 2 is an aspheric surface with the order of 6, the caliber is 54mm, the material is aluminum, and all reflecting surfaces are coaxial. As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the secondary mirror 2 has a central opening with a size of
The hole depth is 20mm, the inner surface of the hole is a convex surface of R220, the inner surface of the hole is oxidized by aluminum, the hole is formed in the center of the secondary mirror 2, the inner surface of the hole is the convex surface of R220, the contribution of the front surface of the field diaphragm 10 and the primary mirror light shield 8 to the equivalent black body temperature of the system can be reduced, the size of the hole formed in the secondary mirror 2 is determined by specific optical design parameters, and the curvature radius of the inner surface is obtained through stray light simulation analysis and optimization.
The three mirrors 3 are aspheric surfaces with the order of 6, the caliber is 105.6mm, the central opening is 32mm, the materials are aluminum, all reflecting surfaces are the same as the optical axis, and the three mirrors are connected with the four mirrors 4 and the main mirror 1 through a system shell and the relative positions of the four mirrors and the main mirror are fixed.
The four-mirror 4 is an aspheric surface with an order of 6, the caliber is 140mm, the central hole is 40mm, the material is aluminum, each reflecting surface is the same as the optical axis, the four-mirror 4 and the main mirror 1 share one aluminum plate, namely the main mirror 1 and the four-mirror 4 are two surfaces corresponding to one aluminum plate.
The aperture of the primary mirror light shield is 220mm, the distance from the primary mirror 1 vertex is 108mm, the material is aluminum, the internal surface spray absorption rate is more than 99% of extinction paint, so that the influence of stray light outside a view field on the system performance is reduced, and the external surface spray absorption rate is 80% of white paint, so that the influence of a temperature gradient on the system performance is reduced.
As shown in fig. 1, the field stop 10 is placed between the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2, the image plane of the secondary mirror 2 is located, the front surface (facing the secondary mirror 2) of the field stop 10 is sprayed with the matting paint with 99% of absorption rate, and the rear surface (facing the three mirrors 3) is plated with the gold film with the reflectivity of more than 95%. The field diaphragm 10 is circular, the radius is 27.5mm, the center is provided with a square hole, and the area of the hole is 9.7 mm.
A detector light shield 11 is arranged between the window and the optical filter, the detector light shield 11 comprises three light blocking rings, and the inner surface of the whole detector light shield 11 is sprayed with matting paint with the absorption yield of 99%.
The specific optimization measure of this embodiment is to apply the optical design software CODEV to construct an optimization function, and add the aberration and the structure limiting parameter, so as to gradually optimize the function into the existing result.
The embodiment can be realized by the following technical scheme: the system entrance pupil diameter is 200mm, the field angle is 1.07 degrees, the image space full height is 10.8mm, the wavelength is 7.0 um-10.1 um, a four-mirror structure is adopted, the material is aluminum, the distortion is less than 1%, the dot array root mean square diameter is less than 10um, and the specific parameters of the long-wave infrared optical system are as follows:
| radius of | Distance between each other | Surface property | |
| Article surface | ∞ | ∞ | |
| Main mirror 1 | -217.32 | -82.41 | Reflection |
| Secondary mirror 2 | -78.98 | 219.60 | Reflection |
| Three mirrors 3 | -395.45 | -120.25 | Reflection |
| Four |
250.58 | 125.35 | Reflection |
| Front surface of |
∞ | 2.5 | Transmission through |
| Rear surface of |
∞ | 21.4 | Transmission through |
| Front surface of the |
∞ | 0.3 | Transmission through |
| |
∞ | 10 | Transmission through |
| Image plane | ∞ |
According to the mathematical description of the spherical surface and the aspherical surface, the aspherical coefficients of the reflecting surfaces of the primary mirror 1, the secondary mirror 2, the third mirror 3 and the fourth mirror 4 are respectively as follows:
reflection surface of main mirror 1: k-1.11624148900013, a-0, B-0;
reflection surface of secondary mirror 2: k-4.05912651030647, A-2.42188788391652 e-007,
B＝-1.64511841325741e-010；
reflective surfaces of the three mirrors 3: k is 0, A is 4.84587256933752e-008,
B＝2.44808849642678e-012；
reflection surface of the four mirrors 4: k is 0, A is 2.13110926003392e-008,
B＝-1.84900320050003e-013。
the ultra-low equivalent blackbody temperature long-wavelength infrared optical system manufactured in this embodiment is evaluated by the following four evaluation means:
1. root mean square diameter evaluation of dot plots
The point map is a point map formed by dividing a pupil plane into a plurality of small bins by an optical path calculation program, and calculating intersections of light rays passing through the bins and an image plane. The point diagram of the ideal optical system is one point, the point diagram of the actual optical system is countless points, the imaging quality of the optical system is determined by the distribution of the points, the method has the advantages that the space trend of light can be known, the shape of a light spot is roughly estimated, the method is a common method for evaluating the target detection of the infrared system, for the designed ultra-low equivalent blackbody temperature long-wave infrared optical system, the point diagram of each view field is shown in figure 2, the root mean square diameter value of the point diagram is less than 10 micrometers, and the imaging quality can guarantee the energy concentration requirement of the long-wave infrared system, so that the detection of a long-distance target is guaranteed.
2. Evaluation of distortion
The distortion is the phenomenon that when the actual angular magnification of the light principal ray is not equal to +1, namely when the image side principal ray is not parallel to the object side principal ray, the intersection point of the image side principal ray and the ideal image surface is not superposed with the ideal image point, and the phenomenon is called distortion. In the case where only distortion is present, the points lie on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis, but at an incorrect distance from the optical axis. In the presence of distortion, the image is sharp, but has dislocations. For the designed ultra-low equivalent blackbody temperature long-wave infrared optical system, the distortion value is as shown in fig. 3, and the maximum distortion value is 0.7% along with the change of the field of view.
3. Evaluation of equivalent Black body temperature
Optical system equivalent blackbody radiation temperature definition: and under the condition of not considering the thermal radiation of the system, the irradiance of the ideal black body on the image surface through the optical system is equal to the corresponding black body radiation temperature when the irradiance of the infrared optical system on the image surface is equal to the irradiance of the infrared optical system.
Assuming that a black body with the temperature T is arranged at the entrance pupil of the optical system, the radiation flux generated on the image surface after the black body passes through the optical system is Fbb(T), if influence of aberration and the like is ignored, Fbb(T) can be calculated from the following formula:
wherein τ is optical system transmittance, L is black body radiance, F is optical system F number, AdThe detector area.
The equivalent radiation temperature and radiation flux relationship of the system obtained from the above formula is shown in fig. 4.
And calculating the thermal radiation stray light magnitude of each part on the system image surface based on the thermal radiation three-dimensional simulation model. The thermal radiation fluxes at the image plane for the different components are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical table of heat radiation flux of each component on image plane (W)
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the system equivalent temperature is 180K.
Claims (6)
1. An ultra-low equivalent black body temperature long wave infrared optical system, comprising: the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the third mirror, the fourth mirror, the window, the optical filter, the detector and the field diaphragm are positioned on the same optical axis; the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the third mirror and the fourth mirror form a four-mirror structure; incident light is transmitted to a target surface of the detector through a window and an optical filter behind the three mirrors after passing through the coaxial four-mirror structure and a field diaphragm positioned at the image surface of the secondary mirror; the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the third mirror, the fourth mirror and the field diaphragm are all made of aluminum; the window and the filter material are germanium, and the detector is a long-wave refrigeration infrared detector;
the primary mirror is a hyperboloid, the caliber of the primary mirror is 200mm, the central opening is 50mm, all the reflecting surfaces are the same as the optical axis, and the primary mirror is connected with the secondary mirror through support ribs and the relative positions of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror are fixed;
the secondary mirror is an aspheric surface with the order of 6 times, the caliber is 54mm, and all reflecting surfaces are on the same optical axis;
the three mirrors are aspheric surfaces with the order of 6, the caliber is 105.6mm, the central opening is 32mm, and each reflecting surface is the same as the optical axis and is connected with the four mirrors and the main mirror;
the four mirrors are aspheric surfaces with the order of 6 times, the caliber is 140mm, the central opening is 40mm, each reflecting surface is the same as the optical axis, and the main mirror and the four mirrors are two surfaces corresponding to one aluminum plate;
the specific parameters of the system are as follows:
According to the mathematical description of the spherical surface and the aspherical surface, the aspherical coefficients of the reflecting surfaces of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the third mirror and the fourth mirror are respectively as follows:
reflection surface of the main mirror: k-1.11624148900013, a-0, B-0;
reflecting surface of secondary mirror: k-4.05912651030647, A-2.42188788391652 e-007,
B＝-1.64511841325741e-010；
reflecting surfaces of the three mirrors: k is 0, A is 4.84587256933752e-008,
B＝2.44808849642678e-012；
reflecting surfaces of the four mirrors: k is 0, A is 2.13110926003392e-008,
B＝-1.84900320050003e-013。
2. the ultra-low equivalent blackbody temperature long-wave infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the system entrance pupil diameter is 200mm, the field angle is 1.07 degrees, the image space full height is 10.8mm, the wavelength is 7.0um to 10.1um, the distortion is less than 1%, and the dot-pattern root mean square diameter is less than 10 um.
3. The ultra-low equivalent blackbody temperature long wave infrared optical system of claim 1, further comprising support ribs; the primary mirror and the secondary mirror are connected through support ribs, and the specular reflectivity of the support ribs is larger than 80%.
4. The ultra-low equivalent blackbody temperature long wave infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the secondary mirror is centrally apertured with an aperture size of
The depth of the hole is 20 mm; the inner surface of the hole is a convex surface of R220, and the inner surface of the hole is oxidized by aluminum.
5. The ultra-low equivalent blackbody temperature long-wave infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the front surface of the field stop is sprayed with a matting paint with a 99% absorption rate, and the rear surface is plated with a gold film with a reflectivity greater than 95%.
6. The ultra-low equivalent blackbody temperature long wave infrared optical system of claim 1, further comprising a detector light shield; the detector light shield is arranged between the window and the optical filter, and the inner surface of the detector light shield is sprayed with the matting paint with the absorption rate of 99%.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112255755A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Field diaphragm installation device and installation method thereof |
| CN112255756A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Field diaphragm installation device and installation method thereof |
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2020
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112255755A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Field diaphragm installation device and installation method thereof |
| CN112255756A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Field diaphragm installation device and installation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200807 |