CN111504787A - Compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture and test method - Google Patents
Compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111504787A CN111504787A CN202010345195.9A CN202010345195A CN111504787A CN 111504787 A CN111504787 A CN 111504787A CN 202010345195 A CN202010345195 A CN 202010345195A CN 111504787 A CN111504787 A CN 111504787A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture and a test method, comprising a lower pressing piece and an upper top piece; the upper end of the lower pressing piece is fixedly connected with an upper pressing plate of the hydraulic machine, the lower end of the lower pressing piece is inserted into the upper ejecting piece in a sliding mode, and the upper ejecting piece is arranged on a workbench of the hydraulic machine; the concrete test piece is arranged between the lower pressing piece and the upper ejecting piece, the upper end of the concrete test piece is in contact and close connection with the upper end face of the upper ejecting piece, and the lower end of the concrete test piece is in contact and close connection with the lower end face of the lower pressing piece; according to the invention, the upper clamping end of the concrete test piece is closely contacted with the upper end surface of the upper jacking piece, and the lower clamping end of the concrete test piece is contacted with the lower end surface of the lower jacking piece, so that the stress concentration between the clamp and the concrete test piece is effectively eliminated, the root fracture of the concrete test piece caused by the damage of the concrete test piece in the early stage of the test is avoided, the tensile fracture surface of the concrete test piece is ensured to be generated in the middle of the concrete test piece, and the accuracy of the test result is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete tests, and particularly relates to a compression type concrete uniaxial tension test clamp and a test method.
Background
The concrete material is the most widely used material in the current building engineering, and the strength of the concrete member needs to be tested by a test means; tensile properties are important mechanical properties of concrete materials, and the tensile strength can be obtained by uniaxial tensile test. At present, the concrete tensile property test methods mainly comprise three methods: split pull test, straight pull test and bend pull test. The test data measured by the direct tensile test is most clear, and the tensile strength and the strain change of the concrete can be most directly reflected, so that the stress-strain relation of the concrete material is obtained; however, due to the natural brittleness of the concrete material, the selection of the clamp and the clamping manner of the concrete specimen and the clamp become critical to the accuracy and success rate of the test in the uniaxial tensile test.
The clamping method in the traditional tensile test of the concrete material can generate non-negligible stress concentration at the jaw position of the concrete test piece and the clamp, which can cause the concrete test piece to be damaged in the early stage of the test, further cause the root part of the concrete test piece to be broken in the test, or cause the part of the concrete test piece in contact with the jaw of the clamp to generate creep damage, and finally cause the failure of the test or the result of losing the accuracy of the test. In addition, in the clamps used in the existing concrete uniaxial tension test, most of the metal rod structures are used, when the direction of the metal rod structure is parallel to the axial tension direction, the metal rod structure generates a non-negligible strain under the action of an axial force, and the additional strain generation has a great influence on the stress-strain relationship during the research of the concrete tension.
Meanwhile, the unreasonable clamping mode of the clamp in the tensile test process can enable the concrete test piece to generate an eccentric effect in the tensile test process, so that the centering of the concrete test piece is greatly influenced, and the accuracy in the test process is also influenced to a certain extent. In an actual construction site, a tensile instrument for testing the tensile strength of concrete, such as a servo universal testing machine, is not very popular, and sometimes only a hydraulic press for measuring the compressive strength of a concrete sample is used, so that the means for measuring the tensile strength of concrete in the construction site is very deficient.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a compression type concrete uniaxial tensile test clamp and a test method, which aim to solve the problems that in the prior art, a non-negligible stress concentration exists between a concrete test piece and the clamp, and the root of concrete is easy to break or the contact part of the concrete and the clamp is easy to generate creep damage in the test, so that the tensile test fails or the test accuracy is lost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture which comprises a lower pressing piece and an upper jacking piece, wherein the lower pressing piece is provided with a first pressing hole; the upper end of the lower pressing piece is fixedly connected with an upper pressing plate of the hydraulic machine, the lower end of the lower pressing piece is inserted into the upper ejecting piece in a sliding mode, and the upper ejecting piece is arranged on a workbench of the hydraulic machine;
the concrete test piece sets up under between casting die and the last top, the upper end of concrete test piece and the last up end contact zonulae occludens of last top, the lower extreme of concrete test piece and the lower terminal surface contact zonulae occludens of casting die down.
Furthermore, the lower pressing piece comprises a pressing plate and two clamping plates; the pressing plate is horizontally arranged above the two clamping plates, and the upper end surface of the pressing plate is fixedly connected with the upper pressing plate of the hydraulic machine; the two clamping plates are vertically and symmetrically arranged, the concrete sample is vertically arranged between the two clamping plates, the upper ends of the clamping plates are fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the pressing plate, and the lower ends of the clamping plates are in contact and close connection with the lower end surface of the concrete sample;
the upper ejection piece comprises a base, a clamping plate clamping groove is formed in the base, the clamping plate clamping groove is vertically arranged upwards, and the clamping plate is movably inserted into the clamping plate clamping groove; the top of base is provided with the top centre gripping groove, and the axis in top centre gripping groove is perpendicular with the axis of grip block draw-in groove, and the upper end of concrete sample and the contact zonulae occludens of top centre gripping groove.
Furthermore, the lower pressing piece also comprises two stiffened plates and a stiffened thin plate, the two stiffened plates are symmetrically and obliquely arranged on two sides of the two clamping plates, the upper ends of the stiffened plates are fixedly connected with the lower end faces of the pressing plates, and the lower ends of the stiffened plates are fixedly connected with the lower ends of the clamping plates; be provided with between grip block and the stiffened plate and add the muscle thin plate, add one side and grip block fixed connection of muscle thin plate, opposite side and stiffened plate fixed connection, the upper end of adding the muscle thin plate and the bottom fixed connection of clamp plate.
Furthermore, the thickness of the clamping plate is the same as that of the reinforced plate, and the thickness of the reinforced thin plate is smaller than that of the clamping plate and the reinforced plate.
Furthermore, the pressing plate, the clamping plate, the stiffened plate and the stiffened thin plate adopt an integrated structure.
Further, a fixed clamping groove is formed in the upper end face of the pressing plate and is horizontally arranged; an upper pressure plate of the hydraulic machine is arranged in the fixed clamping groove in a matching manner.
Furthermore, sliding lugs are respectively arranged on two sides of the clamping plate and are perpendicular to the clamping plate; the surface of grip block draw-in groove is provided with the slip recess, and the vertical direction of slip recess sets up, and the slip lug is connected with the slip recess cooperation.
Further, the concrete test piece adopts an asymmetric bone-shaped structure; the concrete test piece comprises an upper clamping end, a middle test section and a lower clamping end, wherein the upper clamping end and the lower clamping end are respectively arranged at two ends of the middle test section;
the vertical two sides of the upper clamping end are symmetrically provided with an upper supporting surface of the test piece, and the upper supporting surface of the test piece is obliquely arranged; the bottom surface of the upper top clamping groove is obliquely arranged, and the upper supporting surface of the test piece is closely attached to the bottom surface of the upper top clamping groove; the vertical two sides of the lower clamping end are symmetrically provided with a test piece lower supporting surface which is arranged in an inclined manner; the lower end of the clamping plate is obliquely provided with a clamp clamping surface, and two test piece lower supporting surfaces of the lower clamping end are respectively clung to the clamp clamping surfaces of the two clamping plates; the middle axial surface of the upper supporting surface of the test piece is perpendicular to the middle axial surface of the lower supporting surface of the test piece.
Furthermore, the width of the clamping groove of the clamping plate, the thickness of the clamping plate and the thickness of the middle test section are matched; the thickness of going up the exposed core, the width of middle part test section and the width phase-match of exposed core down, and the width of middle part test section and the width phase-match between two grip blocks.
The invention also provides a compression type concrete uniaxial tension test method, which utilizes the compression type concrete uniaxial tension test clamp and specifically comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a concrete sample as required, and arranging the concrete sample between the lower pressing piece and the upper top piece; fixedly connecting the upper end of a lower pressing piece with an upper pressing plate of a hydraulic machine, inserting the lower end of the lower pressing piece into an upper ejecting piece in a sliding manner, and arranging the upper ejecting piece on a workbench of the hydraulic machine; adjusting the distance between an upper pressure plate of the testing machine and a workbench of the testing machine to ensure that the upper end of the concrete test piece is in close contact with the upper end surface of the upper top piece, and the lower end of the concrete test piece is in close contact with the lower end surface of the lower top piece; and starting the testing machine to drive the lower pressing piece to move downwards by the upper pressing plate of the testing machine until the concrete test piece is broken, and finishing the concrete uniaxial tensile test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture, which is characterized in that a concrete test piece is arranged between a lower pressing piece and an upper jacking piece, the upper end of the concrete test piece is closely contacted with the upper end surface of the upper jacking piece, and the lower end of the concrete test piece is contacted with the lower end surface of the lower pressing piece, so that the stress concentration between the fixture and the concrete test piece is effectively eliminated, the root part of the concrete test piece is prevented from being broken due to the damage of the concrete test piece in the early stage of the test, the reliability and the stability between the concrete test piece and the fixture are effectively improved, the tensile fracture surface of the concrete test piece is ensured to be generated in the middle of the concrete test piece, and the accuracy of the test result is effectively improved; the invention can be matched with a hydraulic press to carry out a tensile test, has simple and convenient operation and lower test cost, and can simultaneously meet the requirement of accurately measuring the result of the uniaxial tensile test of the concrete material in a laboratory and a construction site.
Furthermore, the lower pressing piece is fixed on the upper pressing plate of the hydraulic press by adopting the pressing plate, so that the lower pressing piece is prevented from being directly placed on the concrete test piece, the initial stress generated by the self weight of the clamp in the axial direction of the concrete test piece is eliminated, and the test accuracy is improved; the concrete test piece is arranged between the two clamping plates, so that the horizontal direction of the concrete test piece is limited; the structure of the plate is adopted to replace a rod structure, so that the stability of the structure is effectively improved, and the additional stress generated by the clamp in the test process is reduced; the two ends of the concrete sample are in surface contact with the clamping plate and the base of the upper ejector piece respectively, so that stress concentration of a clamping part of the concrete sample is reduced, the risk of damage of the concrete sample at the end part is reduced, and the tensile fracture surface is ensured to be arranged in the middle of the concrete sample.
Furthermore, the stiffened plate is obliquely arranged between the clamping plate and the pressing plate, a triangular structure is formed among the stiffened plate, the clamping plate and the pressing plate, and the stiffened thin plate is arranged between the clamping plate and the stiffened plate, so that the structural strength of the lower part is effectively improved, and the structural failure phenomenon of the lower part in the test process is avoided; through setting up the gusset, the gusset provides the yawing force for the grip block, has ensured the face contact effect between grip block and the concrete sample, has eliminated the concrete sample and has produced the phenomenon of stress concentration at the root, has effectively improved the accuracy of test result.
Furthermore, a reinforced thin plate with smaller thickness is arranged between the clamping plate and the reinforcing plate, and a clamping part in the lower pressing piece forms a design mode that the edge is thick and the inside is thin, so that the material waste and accumulation are avoided under the condition of not losing the structural strength, the weight of the structure is reduced, the additional strain caused by overlarge self weight of the structure is eliminated, and the effect of actively promoting the improvement of the test precision is achieved.
Furthermore, the upper end face of the pressing plate is provided with the fixed clamping groove, so that the pressing plate is fixed at the upper pressing plate of the testing machine through the fixed clamping groove when the testing machine is used, and the lower pressing piece is conveniently and accurately and reliably connected with the testing machine; simultaneously, avoided down the piece and directly placed at the concrete sample to eliminated anchor clamps and directly placed the initial stress that produces on the concrete sample on axial direction because of the dead weight is too big, had certain effect to the accuracy that improves the experiment.
Further, through setting up the slip lug on the grip block, set up the slip recess on grip block groove surface, the slip lug is connected with the slip recess cooperation, form sliding guide mechanism, realized the reciprocating motion of piece in vertical direction down, form the limiting displacement to the piece process that reciprocates down, eccentricity between test process anchor clamps and the concrete test piece has been avoided, be convenient for centering between concrete test piece and the anchor clamps, stability between tensile test process anchor clamps and the concrete test piece has effectively been improved, the accuracy of tensile test result has been improved.
Furthermore, a test piece lower supporting surface of the concrete test piece is arranged in a manner of being attached to a clamp clamping surface of the clamping plate, a test piece upper supporting surface of the concrete test piece is arranged in a manner of being attached to the bottom surface of the upper top clamping groove, and two clamping ends of the concrete test piece are ensured to be in contact with the surfaces of the lower piece and the upper top piece respectively; meanwhile, the contact surfaces among the concrete test piece, the clamping plate and the upper top piece are arranged obliquely, so that the surface contact effect is increased, and the stress concentration of the concrete clamping end is effectively reduced; through adopting asymmetric bone structure with the concrete sample, guaranteed that the process of pushing down the lower part can exert decurrent effort to the concrete sample, upward effort is applyed to the concrete sample to the ejecting piece simultaneously, under the effect of above-mentioned two resultant forces, realize the tensile to the concrete sample, tensile process atress is even, the stress concentration of concrete sample exposed core has been reduced, the fracture emergence of having guaranteed the concrete sample is in the middle part test section department of concrete sample, the degree of accuracy of tensile test result has been improved.
Furthermore, the clamping plate clamping grooves, the clamping plates and the concrete test piece are matched in size, so that the stability between the concrete test piece and the clamp in the tensile test process is ensured, and the accuracy of the tensile test result is improved.
The invention also provides a compression type concrete uniaxial tension test method, wherein a downward acting force is provided for a concrete test piece by utilizing the lower pressing piece, an upward acting force is provided for the concrete test piece by utilizing the upper ejecting piece, the concrete test piece is stretched, the compression type movement between the lower pressing plate and the upper ejecting piece is driven by the hydraulic machine, the uniaxial tension test of the concrete test piece by utilizing the hydraulic machine is realized, the operation steps are few in the using process, the installation and the disassembly are simple, and the efficiency of the test work and the accuracy of the test result can be obviously improved.
In conclusion, the compression type concrete uniaxial tensile test fixture and the test method provided by the invention have the advantages that the plate structure is used for replacing the existing rod structure, the stability of the structure is improved, and the adverse effect on the test result caused by the additional strain generated by the fixture structure in the test process is effectively reduced; by adopting the compression type movement in the movement mode of the clamp, the clamp can be matched with a common hydraulic press for use, thereby enlarging the application range and the application occasion of the invention and providing a means for effectively measuring the uniaxial tensile strength of the concrete for the engineering field lacking the stretching equipment; the invention only comprises the lower pushing piece and the upper jacking piece, thereby greatly optimizing the complexity of the clamp, having fewer operation steps in the using process and simple installation and disassembly, and being capable of obviously improving the efficiency of test work; the invention uses surface contact in the mode of clamping the concrete sample, reduces the stress concentration of the clamping part of the concrete sample, reduces the risk of damaging the concrete sample at the end part, and can ensure that the tensile fracture surface is generated in the middle of the concrete sample.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a uniaxial tensile test fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a uniaxial tensile test fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a uniaxial tensile test fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A plane of the uniaxial tensile test fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a hold-down member of the uniaxial tension test fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a hold down in a uniaxial tensile test fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of an upper top member of the uniaxial tension test fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a concrete specimen in the uniaxial tension test fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a side view of a concrete specimen in the uniaxial tensile test fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the assembly of a concrete sample and an upper top member in the uniaxial tension test fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an overall assembly three-dimensional structure of the uniaxial tension test fixture and a concrete sample according to the invention;
FIG. 12 is an elevation view of the assembly of the uniaxial tension test fixture and the concrete sample according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1, 2, 3, concrete sample; 11 pressing plates, 12 clamping plates, 13 reinforcing plates, 14 sliding lugs and 15 reinforcing thin plates; 111 fixing clamping grooves and 121 clamping surfaces of the clamp; a base 21, a clamping plate clamping groove 22, an upper top clamping groove 23 and a sliding groove 24; 31 an upper clamping end, 32 a middle test section and 33 a lower clamping end; 311 specimen upper bearing surface, 331 specimen lower bearing surface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, the following geometric drawings and embodiments are further described in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in the attached drawings 1-12, the invention provides a compression type concrete uniaxial tensile test clamp, which comprises a lower part 1 and an upper top part 2; the upper end of the lower pressing piece 1 is fixedly connected with an upper pressing plate of the hydraulic press, the lower end of the lower pressing piece 1 is inserted into the upper ejecting piece 2 in a sliding mode, and the upper ejecting piece 2 is arranged on a workbench of the hydraulic press; concrete sample 3 sets up under between casting die 1 and the last top 2, the upper end of concrete sample 3 and the last up end contact zonulae occludens of last top 2, the lower extreme of concrete sample 3 and the lower terminal surface contact zonulae occludens of casting die 1 down.
The lower pressing piece 1 comprises a pressing plate 11, two clamping plates 12, two stiffened plates 13 and two stiffened thin plates 15; the pressing plate 11 is horizontally arranged above the two clamping plates 12, and the upper end face of the pressing plate 11 is fixedly connected with the upper pressing plate of the hydraulic machine; the upper end face of the pressing plate 11 is provided with a fixed clamping groove 111, the fixed clamping groove 111 is horizontally arranged, and the fixed clamping groove 111 is matched and fixedly connected with an upper pressing plate of the hydraulic press; when the hydraulic press is used, the upper pressing plate of the hydraulic press is horizontally inserted into the fixed clamping groove 111, and the pressing plate 11 is fixed at the upper pressing plate of the testing machine through the fixed clamping groove 111, so that the lower pressing piece 1 is accurately and reliably connected with the testing machine; simultaneously, avoided down the piece 11 and directly placed at the concrete sample to eliminated anchor clamps and directly placed the initial stress that produces on the concrete sample on axial direction because of the dead weight is too big, had certain effect to the accuracy that improves the experiment.
The two clamping plates 12 are vertically and symmetrically arranged, the concrete test piece 3 is vertically arranged between the two clamping plates 12, the upper end of each clamping plate 12 is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the pressing plate 11, and the lower end of each clamping plate 12 is in close contact with the lower end face of the concrete test piece 3; the two stiffened plates 13 are obliquely and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the two clamping plates 12, the upper ends of the stiffened plates 13 are fixedly connected with the lower end faces of the pressing plates 11, and the lower ends of the stiffened plates 13 are fixedly connected with the lower ends of the clamping plates 12; a reinforced thin plate 15 is arranged between the clamping plate 12 and the reinforced plate 13, one side of the reinforced thin plate 15 is fixedly connected with the clamping plate 12, the other side of the reinforced thin plate 15 is fixedly connected with the reinforced plate 13, and the upper end of the reinforced thin plate 15 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the pressing plate 11; the reinforcing plate 13 is obliquely arranged between the clamping plate 12 and the pressing plate 11, the clamping plate 12 is fixedly connected with the reinforcing plate 13 by the reinforcing thin plate 15, a triangular structure is formed among the reinforcing plate 13, the clamping plate 12 and the pressing plate 11, and the reinforcing thin plate 15 forms support between the clamping plate 12 and the reinforcing plate 13, so that the structural strength of the lower pressing piece 1 is effectively improved, and the structural failure phenomenon of the lower pressing piece 1 in the test process is avoided; meanwhile, in the test process, the reinforcing plate 13 can provide lateral force for the clamping plate 12, the surface contact effect between the clamping plate 12 and the concrete sample 3 is ensured, the phenomenon that the concrete sample 3 generates stress concentration at the root is eliminated, and the accuracy of the test result is effectively improved.
According to the invention, the thickness of the clamping plate 12 is the same as that of the stiffened plate 13, the thickness of the stiffened thin plate 15 is smaller than that of the clamping plate 12 and the stiffened plate 13, the stiffened thin plate 15 with smaller thickness is arranged between the clamping plate 12 and the stiffened plate 13, and a design mode that the edge of the clamped part of the lower pressing piece 1 is thick and the inside of the clamped part is thin is adopted, so that the waste and accumulation of materials are avoided under the condition of no loss of structural strength, the weight of the structure is reduced, the additional strain caused by excessive self weight of the structure is eliminated, and the positive promotion effect on improving the test precision is achieved.
The upper ejecting part 2 comprises a base 21, a clamping plate clamping groove 22 is formed in the base 21, the clamping plate clamping groove 22 is vertically arranged upwards, and the clamping plate 12 is movably inserted into the clamping plate clamping groove 22; the top end of the base 21 is provided with an upper top clamping groove 23, the axis of the upper top clamping groove 23 is perpendicular to the axis of the clamping plate clamping groove 22, and the upper end of the concrete sample 3 is in surface contact tight connection with the upper top clamping groove 23.
Two sides of the clamping plate 12 are respectively provided with a sliding lug 14, and the sliding lugs 14 are horizontally and vertically arranged on the clamping plate 12; the surface of the clamping plate clamping groove 22 is provided with a sliding groove 24, the sliding groove 24 is arranged in the vertical direction, and the sliding bump 14 is connected with the sliding groove 24 in a matched manner; through being connected sliding lug 14 and slip recess 24 cooperation, form sliding guide mechanism, realized pushing down the reciprocating motion of piece 11 in vertical direction, form the limiting displacement to pushing down the piece 11 and reciprocate the process, avoided the eccentric between test process anchor clamps and the concrete test piece, effectively improved the tensile test process, centering effect and stability between anchor clamps and the concrete test piece have improved the accuracy of tensile test result.
The concrete sample 3 adopts an asymmetric bone structure; the concrete test piece 3 comprises an upper clamping end 31, a middle test section 32 and a lower clamping end 33; the upper clamping end 31 and the lower clamping end 33 are respectively arranged at two ends of the middle test section 32; the vertical two sides of the upper clamping end 31 are symmetrically provided with a test piece upper supporting surface 311, and the test piece upper supporting surface 311 is obliquely arranged; the bottom surface of the upper top clamping groove 23 is obliquely arranged, and the upper supporting surface 311 of the test piece is closely attached to the bottom surface of the upper top clamping groove 23; the lower specimen supporting surfaces 331 are symmetrically arranged at the two vertical sides of the lower clamping end 33, and the specimen supporting surfaces 311 are obliquely arranged; the lower end of the clamping plate 12 is obliquely provided with a clamp clamping surface 121, and two specimen lower supporting surfaces 331 of the lower clamping end 33 are respectively and tightly attached to the clamp clamping surfaces 121 of the two clamping plates 12; the middle axial plane of the specimen upper supporting surface 311 is perpendicular to the middle axial plane of the specimen lower supporting surface 331.
In the invention, the width of the clamping plate clamping groove 22, the thickness of the clamping plate 12 and the thickness of the middle test section 32 are matched; the thickness of the upper clamping end 31, the width of the middle test section 32 and the width of the lower clamping end 32 match, and the width of the middle test section 32 matches the width between the two clamping plates 12.
The invention also provides a compression type concrete uniaxial tension test method, which comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a concrete sample 3 as required, and arranging the concrete sample 3 between the lower pressing piece 1 and the upper top piece 2; fixedly connecting the upper end of a lower pressing piece 1 with an upper pressing plate of a hydraulic machine, inserting the lower end of the lower pressing piece 1 into an upper jacking piece 2 in a sliding manner, and arranging the upper jacking piece 2 on a workbench of the hydraulic machine; adjusting the distance between an upper pressure plate of the testing machine and the workbench to enable the upper end of the concrete test piece 3 to be in contact and close connection with the upper end face of the upper top piece 2, and the lower end of the concrete test piece 3 to be in contact and close connection with the lower end face of the lower top piece 1; the upper pressing plate of the testing machine drives the lower pressing piece 1 to move downwards, the lower pressing piece 1 applies force to the lower end of the concrete test piece 3 in the downward moving process, meanwhile, the upper end of the upper ejecting piece 2 applies force to the upper end of the concrete test piece 3, the middle test section of the concrete test piece is broken under the action of the resultant force of the two forces, test data are recorded, and the concrete uniaxial tension test is completed.
According to the compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture and the test method, the concrete test piece is arranged between the lower pressing piece and the upper jacking piece, the upper clamping end of the concrete test piece is closely contacted with the upper end face of the upper jacking piece, and the lower clamping end of the concrete test piece is contacted with the lower end face of the lower pressing piece, so that the stress concentration between the fixture and the concrete test piece is effectively eliminated, the root part of the concrete test piece is prevented from being broken due to the damage of the concrete test piece in the early stage of the test, the reliability and the stability between the concrete test piece and the fixture are effectively improved, the tensile fracture surface of the concrete test piece is ensured to be generated in the middle of the concrete test piece, and the accuracy of the test result is effectively improved; the invention can be matched with a common hydraulic press to carry out tensile test, and has simple and convenient operation and lower test cost.
Examples
The embodiment provides a compression concrete uniaxial tension test fixture, including holding down 1 and last ejector 2, go up ejector 2 and place on the workstation of hydraulic press, concrete sample 3 sets up under between 1 and the last ejector 2 of casting die, the upper end of concrete sample 3 and the up end contact setting of last ejector 2, the lower extreme of concrete sample 3 and the lower end contact setting of holding down 1.
The lower pressing piece 1 is of a steel combined plate structure and comprises a pressing plate 11, two clamping plates 12, two reinforcing plates 13 and two reinforcing thin plates 15, the pressing plate 11 is horizontally arranged above the two clamping plates 12, an upper pressing plate of a fixed clamping groove 111 hydraulic machine is arranged on the upper end face of the pressing plate 11 and penetrates into the fixed clamping groove 111 of the pressing plate 11 in a sliding mode, and the lower pressing piece 1 and the upper pressing plate of the hydraulic machine are mutually fixed through the fixed clamping groove in the pressing plate 11.
The two clamping plates 12 are vertically and symmetrically arranged below the pressing plate 11, the upper ends of the clamping plates 12 are fixedly connected with the lower end face of the pressing plate 11, a ⊥ structure is formed between the pressing plate 11 and the clamping plates 12 to form a main structure of the lower pressing piece 1, the concrete sample 3 is vertically arranged between the two clamping plates 12, the distance between the two clamping plates 12 is matched with the size of the concrete sample 3, the two reinforcing plates 13 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the two clamping plates 12, the reinforcing plates 13 are obliquely arranged, the upper ends of the reinforcing plates 13 are fixedly connected with the lower end face of the pressing plate 11, the lower ends of the reinforcing plates 13 are fixedly connected with the outer side of the lower ends of the clamping plates 12, the reinforcing thin plates 15 are arranged between the clamping plates 12 and the reinforcing plates 13, one sides of the reinforcing thin plates 15 are fixedly connected with the clamping plates 12, the other sides of the reinforcing plates 13 are fixedly connected with the upper ends of the reinforcing thin plates 15, the upper ends of the reinforcing thin plates 15 are fixedly connected with the bottom of the pressing plate 11, preferably, the pressing plate 11, the clamping plates 12, the reinforcing plates 13.
The upper ejector 2 comprises a base 21, the base 21 is a circular truncated cone-shaped steel block, and the circular truncated cone-shaped steel block is of a structure with a small upper part and a large lower part, so that the stable supporting effect of the upper ejector 2 is improved; a clamping plate clamping groove 22 is formed in the base 21, the clamping plate clamping groove 21 is located on a symmetry axis of the upper bottom surface of the circular truncated cone-shaped steel block and is perpendicular to the upper bottom surface of the circular truncated cone-shaped steel block, and an opening of the clamping plate clamping groove 21 is arranged upwards; the width of grip block draw-in groove 21 matches with the thickness of grip block 12, and grip block 12 slides and alternates in grip block draw-in groove 21.
The two sides of the clamping plate 12 are provided with two sliding lugs 14 respectively, the surface of the clamping plate clamping groove 21 is provided with two sliding grooves 24, the two sliding grooves 24 are vertically arranged in parallel, the sliding lug 14 on one clamping plate 12 is arranged in one sliding groove 24 in a matched mode, the sliding lug 14 on the other clamping plate 12 is arranged in the other sliding groove 24 in a matched mode, the sliding lug 14 is connected with the sliding groove 24 in a matched mode to form a sliding guide rail mechanism, the reciprocating motion of the clamping plate 12 in the vertical direction of the clamping plate clamping groove 21 is achieved, the eccentricity between a test process fixture and a concrete test piece is avoided, the stability between the test fixture and the concrete test piece in the tensile test process is effectively improved, and the accuracy of a tensile test result is improved.
An upper top clamping groove 23 is formed in the top end of the base 21, the clamping groove 21 is located on the other symmetric axis of the upper bottom surface of the circular truncated cone-shaped steel block, the axis of the upper top clamping groove 23 is perpendicular to the axis of the clamping plate clamping groove 21, and the upper end of the concrete test piece 3 is fixedly attached to the upper top clamping groove 23.
The concrete test piece 3 adopts an asymmetric bone-shaped structure, and the concrete test piece 3 comprises an upper clamping end 31, a middle test section 32 and a lower clamping end 33; the upper clamping end 31 and the lower clamping end 33 are respectively arranged at two ends of the middle test section 32; the vertical two sides of the upper clamping end 31 are symmetrically provided with a test piece upper supporting surface 311, and the test piece upper supporting surface 311 is obliquely arranged; the bottom surface of the top clamping groove 23 is obliquely arranged, the supporting surface 311 on the test piece is tightly attached to the bottom surface of the top clamping groove 23, and two side surfaces of the top clamping end 31 are tightly attached to the vertical surface of the top clamping groove 23.
The lower specimen supporting surfaces 331 are symmetrically arranged at the two vertical sides of the lower clamping end 33, and the specimen supporting surfaces 311 are obliquely arranged; the lower end of the clamping plate 12 is obliquely provided with a clamp clamping surface 121, and two specimen lower supporting surfaces 331 of the lower clamping end 33 are respectively clung to the clamp clamping surfaces 121 of the two clamping plates 12; the middle axial plane of the test piece upper supporting surface 311 is vertical to the middle axial plane of the test piece lower supporting surface 331; the thickness of the upper clamping end 31, the width of the middle test section 32 and the width of the lower clamping end 32 match, and the width of the middle test section 32 matches the width between the two clamping plates 12.
In the embodiment, the pressing plate 11 and the clamping plate 12 are fixedly connected through the reinforcing plate 13 and the reinforced thin plate 15, the lower clamping end 33 of the concrete sample 3 is in surface contact with the clamping plate 12, the stress concentration at the root of the concrete sample in the test process is effectively reduced, the phenomenon that a damaged surface occurs at the end part of the concrete sample is avoided, the reinforcing plate, the clamping plate and the reinforced thin plate are designed in a mode of designing the inner thickness and the outer thickness, the wall thickness of the clamping part of the lower part can be reasonably distributed, the accumulation and waste of materials in the manufacturing process are avoided, the defects that the reinforcing plate and the clamping plate are warped and deformed in the forming process are also avoided, the additional strain of the lower part in the test process due to the overlarge self weight of the lower part is eliminated, and the accuracy of the test result is improved.
In the uniaxial tension test method for the compression type concrete, a concrete sample is clamped on a common hydraulic press to perform a uniaxial tension test in the following manner:
and (3) forming the stirred concrete according to the concrete test piece required by the design, performing injection molding, putting the concrete into a standard concrete curing box, curing for 28d, and taking out the concrete test piece to perform a concrete tensile test.
Firstly, an upper pressing plate of the hydraulic press slides into a fixed clamping groove 111 of a pressing plate 11 and is fixed, then an upper top part 2 is placed on a workbench of the hydraulic press, and the position is adjusted to ensure that sliding lugs 24 on two sides of a clamping plate 12 can accurately slide into sliding grooves on the surfaces of clamping plate clamping grooves 22.
Vertically inserting the concrete sample 3 into the clamping plate clamping groove 22, and assembling the upper clamping end of the concrete sample in the upper top clamping groove 23 of the base 21; and adjusting the height of the upper pressing plate of the hydraulic press from the workbench to enable the clamp clamping surface 131 of the clamping plate 12 to be attached to the test piece lower supporting surface 331 of the lower clamping end 33, so that the installation process of the concrete test piece and the clamp is completed.
Then starting a hydraulic press to perform a tensile test, wherein an upper pressure plate of the hydraulic press transmits force to a lower support surface 311 of the test piece, which is mutually attached to the clamp clamping surface 121 of the clamping plate 12, through the pressure plate 11; meanwhile, the upper top clamping groove 23 on the upper top piece 2 applies force to the upper supporting surface of the test piece, and the axial force on the middle part 12 of the concrete test piece is the resultant external force applied to the upper and lower clamping ends of the concrete test piece through stress analysis.
According to the compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture and the test method, in the process of a tension test, the upper supporting surface of the test piece of the concrete test piece is tightly attached to the bottom surface of the upper top clamping groove, and the lower supporting surface of the test piece is tightly attached to the clamping surface of the fixture, so that the application mode of a traditional point force is replaced by a mode of applying a uniform surface force to two ends of the concrete test piece, the local stress concentration generated by the contact between the concrete test piece and the fixture can be reduced to the maximum extent, the damage of the concrete test piece at the root is reduced, and a fracture surface is generated at the middle test section of the concrete test piece; meanwhile, the structure of the clamp adopts the mutual matching of the plate structure and the circular truncated cone structure, so that the rod system structure is avoided being used in the design of the clamp, and the additional strain generated by the rod system structure is eliminated in the tensile test in particular. The invention can not only measure the tensile strength of the concrete test piece, but also accurately obtain the stress-strain relation of the concrete test piece in the tensile test by the nuclear power, thereby providing an effective test means for relevant theoretical research. In addition, a sliding block guide rail mechanism is introduced into the structural design of the invention, so that the problem of eccentric stretching easily occurring in the test process is effectively solved, and the test accuracy is further improved. The invention adopts compression type movement for the first time on the movement form of the clamp for the concrete uniaxial tension test, can greatly expand the application occasion of the concrete uniaxial tension test, reduces the requirement of objective conditions of the test, and has simple structure and quick assembly and disassembly; the invention can realize the aim of accurately measuring the uniaxial tension test data of the concrete sample, has simple operation process, and can greatly improve the test working efficiency and reduce the test cost.
The compression type concrete uniaxial tensile test fixture disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to operate, can be directly used for concrete uniaxial tensile test fixtures of hydraulic machines of common models, can effectively reduce local stress concentration generated in the test process and eliminate additional strain generated in the tensile process of the fixture per se, so that a concrete test piece is uniformly stressed in the tensile process, the accuracy of a tensile test database is improved, and the fixture has a very important significance for accurately measuring the result of a concrete material uniaxial tensile test in a test room and a construction site.
The above-described embodiment is only one of the embodiments that can implement the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment, but includes any variations, substitutions and other embodiments that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A compression type concrete uniaxial tensile test clamp is characterized by comprising a lower pressing piece (1) and an upper top piece (2); the upper end of the lower pressing piece (1) is fixedly connected with an upper pressing plate of the hydraulic press, the lower end of the lower pressing piece (1) is inserted into the upper ejecting piece (2) in a sliding mode, and the upper ejecting piece (2) is arranged on a workbench of the hydraulic press;
the concrete test piece (3) is arranged between the lower pressing piece (1) and the upper ejector piece (2), the upper end of the concrete test piece (3) is in contact tight connection with the upper end face of the upper ejector piece (2), and the lower end of the concrete test piece (3) is in contact tight connection with the lower end face of the lower ejector piece (1).
2. A compression type uniaxial tensile test fixture of concrete according to claim 1, wherein the lower press member (1) comprises a press plate (11) and two clamping plates (12); the pressing plate (11) is horizontally arranged above the two clamping plates (12), and the upper end surface of the pressing plate (11) is fixedly connected with the upper pressing plate of the hydraulic machine; the two clamping plates (12) are vertically and symmetrically arranged, the concrete test piece (3) is vertically arranged between the two clamping plates (12), the upper ends of the clamping plates (12) are fixedly connected with the lower end face of the pressing plate (11), and the lower ends of the clamping plates (12) are in contact and tight connection with the lower end face of the concrete test piece (3);
the upper ejector piece (2) comprises a base (21), a clamping plate clamping groove (22) is formed in the base (21), the clamping plate clamping groove (22) is vertically and upwards arranged, and the clamping plate (12) is movably inserted into the clamping plate clamping groove (22); the top of base (21) is provided with and pushes up centre gripping groove (23), and the axis of going up top centre gripping groove (23) is perpendicular with the axis of grip block draw-in groove (22), and the upper end and the last centre gripping groove (23) face contact zonulae occludens of concrete sample (3).
3. The compression type concrete uniaxial tensile test fixture according to claim 2, wherein the lower pressing piece (1) further comprises two reinforcing plates (13) and a reinforcing thin plate (15), the two reinforcing plates (13) are symmetrically and obliquely arranged on two sides of the two clamping plates (12), the upper ends of the reinforcing plates (13) are fixedly connected with the lower end faces of the pressing plates (11), and the lower ends of the reinforcing plates (13) are fixedly connected with the lower ends of the clamping plates (12); a reinforced thin plate (15) is arranged between the clamping plate (12) and the reinforced plate (13), one side of the reinforced thin plate (15) is fixedly connected with the clamping plate (12), the other side of the reinforced thin plate is fixedly connected with the reinforced plate (13), and the upper end of the reinforced thin plate (15) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the pressing plate (11).
4. A compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the clamping plate (12) is the same as that of the stiffened plate (13), and the thickness of the stiffened thin plate (15) is smaller than that of the clamping plate (12) and the stiffened plate (13).
5. The compression type concrete uniaxial tensile test clamp according to claim 3, wherein the pressure plate (11), the clamping plate (12), the reinforcing plate (13) and the reinforcing thin plate (15) are of an integrated structure.
6. The compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper end surface of the pressure plate (11) is provided with a fixed clamping groove (111), and the fixed clamping groove (111) is horizontally arranged; an upper pressure plate of the hydraulic press is arranged in the fixed clamping groove (111) in a matching way.
7. The compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture as claimed in claim 2, wherein sliding lugs (14) are respectively arranged on two sides of the clamping plate (12), and the sliding lugs (14) are arranged perpendicular to the clamping plate (12); the surface of the clamping plate clamping groove (22) is provided with a sliding groove (24), the sliding groove (24) is arranged in the vertical direction, and the sliding bump (14) is connected with the sliding groove (24) in a matched mode.
8. The compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture as claimed in claim 2, wherein the concrete sample (3) adopts an asymmetric bone-shaped structure; the concrete test piece (3) comprises an upper clamping end (31), a middle test section (32) and a lower clamping end (33), wherein the upper clamping end (31) and the lower clamping end (33) are respectively arranged at two ends of the middle test section (32);
the upper supporting surface (311) of the test piece is symmetrically arranged on the two vertical sides of the upper clamping end (31), and the upper supporting surface (311) of the test piece is obliquely arranged; the bottom surface of the upper top clamping groove (23) is obliquely arranged, and the upper supporting surface (311) of the test piece is tightly attached to the bottom surface of the upper top clamping groove (23); the vertical two sides of the lower clamping end (33) are symmetrically provided with a specimen lower supporting surface (331), and the specimen lower supporting surface (311) is obliquely arranged; the lower end of the clamping plate (12) is obliquely provided with a clamp clamping surface (121), and two test piece lower supporting surfaces (331) of the lower clamping end (33) are respectively clung to the clamp clamping surfaces (121) of the two clamping plates (12); the middle axis surface of the test piece upper supporting surface (311) is vertical to the middle axis surface of the test piece lower supporting surface (331).
9. The compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture as claimed in claim 8, wherein the width of the clamping plate clamping groove (22), the thickness of the clamping plate (12) and the thickness of the middle test section (32) are matched; the thickness of the upper clamping end (31), the width of the middle test section (32) and the width of the lower clamping end (32) are matched, and the width of the middle test section (32) is matched with the width between the two clamping plates (12).
10. A compression type concrete uniaxial tension test method, which is characterized in that the compression type concrete uniaxial tension test fixture of any one of claims 1-9 is used, and comprises the following specific steps:
manufacturing a concrete test piece (3) according to requirements, and arranging the concrete test piece (3) between the lower pressing piece (1) and the upper top piece (2); the upper end of a lower pressing piece (1) is fixedly connected with an upper pressing plate of a hydraulic press, the lower end of the lower pressing piece (1) is inserted into an upper ejecting piece (2) in a sliding mode, and the upper ejecting piece (2) is arranged on a workbench of the hydraulic press; adjusting the distance between an upper pressure plate of the testing machine and a workbench of the testing machine to ensure that the upper end of the concrete test piece (3) is in close contact with the upper end surface of the upper top piece (2), and the lower end of the concrete test piece (3) is in close contact with the lower end surface of the lower top piece (1); and starting the testing machine, so that the upper pressing plate of the testing machine drives the lower pressing piece (1) to move downwards until the concrete test piece (3) is broken, and completing the concrete uniaxial tensile test.
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| CN112284889A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-29 | 五邑大学 | Concrete uniaxial tension clamp |
| ES2931848A1 (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2023-01-03 | Univ Burgos | DIRECT TENSILE TEST SPECIMEN FOR CONCRETE AND OTHER SECONDARY BINDING MATERIALS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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| CN111504787B (en) | 2022-10-21 |
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