CN111493013A

CN111493013A - Adult crayfish culture method for Australia freshwater lobsters

Info

Publication number: CN111493013A
Application number: CN201910030225.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何普清
Original assignee: Chengmai Shengxialin Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Chengmai Shengxialin Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-01-14
Filing date: 2019-01-14
Publication date: 2020-08-07

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for culturing adult Australia crayfishes, which comprises the following steps: establishing a culture pond, and pretreating the culture pond; putting shrimp larvae; feeding the feed; and (5) daily management. According to the culture method, the culture pond, the shrimp fry feeding time, the feeding amount and the culture water body are designed and regulated, and meanwhile, the culture feed with rich nutrition and high digestibility is fed, so that the culture speed, the survival rate and the yield of the adult shrimps are obviously improved.

Description

Adult crayfish culture method for Australia freshwater lobsters

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for culturing adult Australia crayfishes.

Background

Australia freshwater lobster originally produced Australia and living in fresh water is one of the most excellent freshwater lobsters in the world at present. Compared with other shrimps, the Australia freshwater lobster has the following advantages in the aspect of culture: (1) the nutrition is rich, the protein content in the body is rich, the cholesterol content is very low, and the nutritional food is a good low-cholesterol nutritional product; (2) the growth is fast, the yield is high, the breeding is carried out in the same year, and the harvest can be carried out in the same year; (3) the stress resistance is strong, the adaptability is wide, and the tolerance to severe environment is high; (4) food mixed, wide feed source and low culture cost. Based on the above advantages, in recent years, the Australia crayfish is more and more popular with domestic and foreign consumers, and the market demand is greatly increased.

In recent years, the Australia crayfish breeding industry develops rapidly, but due to unreasonable breeding modes, breeding conditions and the like, the bred crayfish grows slowly and is small in weight; because the ecological system of the culture environment has a single structure, water quality deterioration and shrimp diseases are easy to occur, and the survival rate of the lobsters is low; meanwhile, due to the fact that the breeding feed is unreasonable in proportion and dosage form, the utilization rate of the feed is low, and lobsters grow and gain weight slowly. The above factors seriously restrict the rapid development of Australia crayfish culture.

Therefore, there is a need for a method for culturing adult lobsters of australian crayfish, which can significantly improve the yield, weight, growth rate and survival rate of adult lobsters.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems, the inventor of the invention carries out intensive research and designs a method for culturing adult Australian freshwater lobsters, and the method remarkably improves the culture speed, survival rate and yield of the adult lobsters by designing and regulating parameters of a culture pond, the feeding time of shrimp larvae, the feeding amount and the culture water body and feeding culture feeds with rich nutrition and high digestibility, thereby completing the invention.

Specifically, the invention aims to provide a method for culturing adult Australia crayfish, which comprises the following steps:

step one, establishing a culture pond, and pretreating the culture pond;

step two, putting shrimp fries;

step three, feeding the feed;

and step four, daily management.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) the adult Australian crayfish breeding method provided by the invention is simple in steps, easy in condition control and low in cost;

(2) the adult Australian freshwater lobster breeding method provided by the invention has the advantages that the adult Australian freshwater lobsters are bred outdoors, natural conditions are fully utilized for breeding, energy is saved, and the growth environment of the Australian freshwater lobsters is stabilized;

(3) according to the adult Australian freshwater lobster breeding method, the aquatic weeds are planted in a grid shape, so that sufficient food or activity and sheltering places can be provided for the lobsters, and the water body purification capacity can be guaranteed;

(4) according to the adult lobster breeding method for the Australia freshwater lobsters, the water quality is monitored and adjusted in real time through the water body monitoring device, the long-acting stability of the growth environment of the lobsters is guaranteed, a large amount of manpower is saved, and the growth speed and the health condition of the lobsters are improved;

(5) according to the adult Australian freshwater lobster breeding method, the fed breeding feed utilizes the plant protein to replace part of the animal protein, the feeding effect and the meat quality are improved, and the production cost is reduced;

(6) according to the adult Australian crayfish culture method, the shape keeping time of the fed culture feed in water is prolonged, so that the feed is not easy to decay and deteriorate, and a water body is not polluted;

(7) according to the adult Australian freshwater lobster breeding method, the zooplankton eggs in the outer-layer nutritional ingredients of the feed are fed, and are dissolved out into the water body to be hatched into zooplankton under the condition that the zooplankton eggs are not ingested for a long time, so that the zooplankton eggs become bait for being preyed by the adult lobsters, the utilization rate of the feed is improved, and the growth rate and the weight gain rate of the adult lobsters are improved;

(8) according to the adult Australian crayfish breeding method provided by the invention, the grease component in the fed feed only comprises vegetable grease, so that the meat quality of the crayfish is obviously improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of a culture pond according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the position structure of the aeration member in the culture pond according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

The reference numbers illustrate:

1-a culture pond; 2-an aeration component; 21-an aeration member; 22-a delivery conduit; 23-a main pipeline; 24-a first valve; 3-aquatic weeds; 4-a water inlet pipeline; 41-a second valve; 5-a flood conduit; 6-a drainage pipeline; 61-a third valve; 7-a water level meter; 8-a water body monitoring device; 9-anti-escape barrier.

Detailed Description

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.

The invention provides a method for culturing adult Australia crayfishes, which comprises the following steps:

step one, establishing a culture pond, and pretreating the culture pond;

step two, putting shrimp fries for adult shrimp culture;

step three, feeding the feed;

and step four, daily management.

The cultivation process according to the invention is further described below:

step one, establishing a culture pond, and pretreating the culture pond.

In the present invention, the culture pond is established in a place where there is a natural water source flowing, or groundwater is sufficient, and it is preferable to select a place where the surrounding environment is wide, residents are few, and the culture plant is used.

Wherein, the culture pond is open-air and the bottom of the culture pond is muddy.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pre-treatment comprises disinfection and detoxification of the established culture pond.

In a further preferred embodiment, the sterilization is performed according to the following operations: firstly, the dry pond is exposed for 7-10 days, then water is stored for 10-20 cm, the dispersed quicklime is splashed according to 25-35 kg/mu, and then the pond is dried and the water is stored after 3 days.

Preferably, the water depth in the culture pond is 1.2-1.8 m, and preferably 1.5 m.

In a further preferred embodiment, after disinfection, detoxification treatment is carried out on the water body by adopting the detoxification preparation, the dosage of the detoxification preparation is 200-400 g/mu,

the detoxification preparation comprises the following components in parts by weight:

preferably, the detoxification preparation comprises the following components in parts by weight:

the antidote is soaked in pool water for 2-3 hours before use, and then is sprayed in the whole pool.

The inventor researches and discovers that the components in the proportion are used as the detoxifying preparation, so that the growth of various weeds in water can be effectively inhibited, the growth of moss, filamentous green algae, blue algae and the like can be inhibited, the propagation of harmful bacteria can be inhibited, various essentials and chlorine preparation residues can be removed, and the water quality can be purified and activated.

The glucose can play a role in detoxifying and toxin analysis, can be used for emergency synthesis of ATP under the stress state of the lobsters, improves the nonspecific resistance of the body, and effectively relieves the stress reaction on the lobsters in the weather mutation process.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pre-treatment further comprises stocking the cultivation pond with aquatic plants, the aquatic plants being one or more of hydrilla verticillata, hornworts, water lettuce, duckweed, eel grass, waterweed.

In a further preferred embodiment, the aquatic plant is one or more of hydrilla verticillata, hornworts, duckweed, eel grass, and waterweed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the aquatic plants 3 are planted in a lattice shape, and the warps and wefts of the lattice are uniformly distributed.

The inventor finds that the aquatic plants 3 planted in the culture pond 1 can provide necessary nutrient substances for the growth of the lobsters, can provide moving and hostile places for the lobsters, and can improve the quality of culture water and purify the in-pond living environment of the lobsters by utilizing the aquatic plants.

In a further preferred embodiment, the area covered by the aquatic plants is related to the specification of shrimp larvae to be thrown in the adult shrimp culture,

when the size of the thrown shrimp larvae is 1.2-1.8 cm, the coverage area of the aquatic plants is 60-80 percent, such as 70 percent, of the area of the bottom of the culture pond;

when the size of the thrown shrimp larvae is 5-7 cm, the coverage area of the aquatic plants is 90-100%, such as 100%, of the area of the bottom of the culture pond.

The inventor finds that the activity space of the lobsters and the influence on the pH value and dissolved oxygen of the water body need to be considered for planting the aquatic plants. The aquatic plant planting density is too high, so that the activity space of shrimps is reduced, the pH value of the water body is changed to influence the pH value balance of the water body, a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the water body is consumed, the convection of the upper layer and the lower layer of the water body is blocked, and the water body purification capacity is reduced; when the planting density of the aquatic plants is too low, the aquatic plants cannot provide sufficient food or activities for the lobsters and avoid places, so that the normal growth of the lobsters is influenced.

In a further preferred embodiment, the top end of the planted aquatic plant is lower than the water surface in the culture pond, and the distance between the top end of the aquatic plant and the water surface is 8-15 cm, preferably 10 cm.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, before the shrimp larvae are thrown, the temperature, the dissolved oxygen and the pH value of the water body in the culture pond are regulated, so that the temperature of the water body is 27-32 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 6-8 mg/L, and the pH is 7.5-8.5.

In a further preferred embodiment, the parameters in the culture pond are regulated and controlled by corresponding devices arranged in the culture pond,

as shown in figures 1 and 2, the aeration assemblies 2 are arranged in the area formed by the longitude and latitude lines of the grid-shaped aquatic plants and the area formed by the longitude and latitude lines and the edge of the culture pond so as to uniformly supply oxygen for the lobsters in the culture pond.

In a further preferred embodiment, the aeration assembly 2 comprises an aeration member 21, a conveying pipe 22 and a main pipe 23, wherein the conveying pipe 22 is connected with the aeration member 21 at one end and with the main pipe 23 at the other end.

Wherein, the main pipeline 23 is connected with an external oxygen supply device to supply oxygen required in the culture pond.

Preferably, the main pipe 23 is arranged around the culture pond.

In the present invention, the aeration member may be a device having an aeration function in the related art, such as an aeration tray.

In a further preferred embodiment, a first valve 24 is provided between said delivery duct 22 and the main duct 23 to control the delivery of gas according to the actual need.

Preferably, the first valve 24 is a solenoid valve.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aeration member 21 is arranged on a support at the bottom of the tank, as shown in fig. 2, to prevent the aeration gas from impacting the sludge at the bottom of the tank.

In a further preferred embodiment, the height of the bottom end of the aeration member above the upper surface of the sludge is 30-40 cm.

The Australian lobsters have the habit that the Australian lobsters appear at night in the daytime, crawl and inhabit at the bottom of the pool in the daytime, seek food and move in aquatic plants at night, and if the aeration pieces are arranged at the bottom of the pool, the water quality becomes turbid, the sight of the lobsters is influenced, the stability of the living environment of the water body is damaged, and the normal growth of the lobsters is influenced.

The inventor finds that when the aeration area is 30-40 cm higher than the sludge, the dissolved oxygen required by normal growth of lobsters can be supplied, and the water body can be kept clear and stable.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a water inlet pipe 4 is provided at the edge of the culture pond 1, and a water overflow pipe 5 and a water discharge pipe 6 are provided in the culture pond on the opposite side of the water inlet pipe.

Wherein, the water inlet pipeline preferably has 2.

In the invention, the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline are preferably arranged oppositely, so that water in the culture pond can form water flow when the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline are opened simultaneously, and the quality of the water in the culture pond can be better adjusted.

In a further preferred embodiment, the overflow pipe 5 is used for discharging excess water when the water level in the culture pond exceeds a set value, and the drainage pipe 6 is used for normal drainage operation.

In a further preferred embodiment, the open end of the flood conduit 5 is located at the upper part of the water surface and the drain conduit 6 is located at the bottom of the culture pond.

Preferably, the openings of the flood line and the drain line are both upward.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a mesh enclosure is arranged at the open ends of the water inlet pipeline 4, the water overflowing pipeline 5 and the water discharge pipeline 6 to prevent harmful organisms from entering and lobsters from escaping.

In a further preferred embodiment, a filter is arranged at the end of the water inlet pipe remote from the open end to adjust the quality of the injected water.

Wherein, the water that gets into the inlet channel just can get into the breed pond through the filtering action of filter to the quality of water that guarantees lobster growth is fresh, reduces the emergence of disease.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the farming equipment further comprises a water level gauge 7 provided on the water level inside the farming pond 1 to detect the water level inside the farming pond.

In the invention, when the monitored water level in the culture pond is lower than a set value, the drainage pipeline is opened to reduce the water level height.

In a further preferred embodiment, a first thermometer is arranged on said level gauge 7, for monitoring the temperature of the water surface,

and a second thermometer is arranged on the drainage pipeline 6 and used for monitoring the temperature of the water bottom.

In the invention, whether the water level in the culture pond needs to be adjusted is judged by comparing the temperature difference between the first thermometer and the second thermometer, and specifically, when the temperature difference between the first thermometer and the second thermometer is more than 3 ℃, the water level needs to be reduced to regulate and control the temperature difference so as to ensure the stable temperature of the living environment of the young shrimps.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a water body monitoring device 8 is further arranged in the culture pond 1 to monitor and control the dissolved oxygen amount and the water temperature of the culture water body.

The inventor researches and discovers that aquatic plants planted in the culture pond consume dissolved oxygen in water, and meanwhile bait fed and excrement deposited by lobsters are subjected to biological oxidative decomposition and also need to consume the dissolved oxygen in the water, so that the water body for the growth of the lobsters is anoxic, and the dissolved oxygen in the water needs to be monitored in time to promote the growth of the lobsters.

Meanwhile, the influence of the water temperature on the growth of the lobsters is large, in the invention, the cultivation pond is open, the natural illumination can be fully utilized to adjust the water temperature, when the water temperature is too low, the water level can be reduced through the drain pipe, the water quantity in the pond is reduced, and the illumination is increased to improve the temperature; when the water temperature is too high, the temperature can be lowered by injecting water.

In a further preferred embodiment, a second valve 41 and a third valve 61 are provided on said inlet conduit 4 and on said outlet conduit 6 respectively,

the second valve 41, the third valve 61 and the first valve 24 in the aeration assembly 2 are all solenoid valves.

In a further preferred embodiment, the water monitoring device 8 is electrically connected to the first valve 24, the second valve 41 and the third valve 61 respectively, so as to control the opening or closing of the oxygen aeration assembly, the water inlet pipeline and the water discharge pipeline according to the monitored conditions.

In the invention, the water body monitoring device is preferably a sensor capable of monitoring the dissolved oxygen and the water temperature of the water body, the sensor transmits signals of the monitored dissolved oxygen and the monitored water temperature of the water body to the control module, and the control module controls the opening or closing of the valve according to the comparison of the detected signals and a preset standard value.

In the invention, the water body monitoring device is adopted to adjust the dissolved oxygen and the water temperature of the water body to the optimal survival state of the lobsters in real time, thereby saving a large amount of manpower and improving the growth speed and the health condition of the lobsters.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the edge of the culture pond 1 is a slope, and the slope of the slope is 1: 3

Wherein the slope is the ratio of the vertical height to the horizontal width of the slope.

In a further preferred embodiment, an escape-proof film is arranged on the pool edge to prevent foreign matters on the pool edge from entering the culture pool.

Wherein, set up on the pool edge and prevent escaping the membrane, can prevent that weeds, soil stone and enemy animal such as lobster such as snake, mouse on the slope of pool edge from getting into breeding the pond, can prevent again that the lobster in breeding the pond from escaping.

In a further preferred embodiment, an anti-escape barrier 9 is further arranged on the periphery of the culture pond 1, and the anti-escape barrier is matched with the anti-escape membrane to prevent foreign matters outside the pond from entering the pond and prevent lobsters from escaping.

Preferably, the height of the anti-escape barrier 9 is 30-40 cm.

And step two, putting the shrimp seedlings for adult shrimp culture.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, before the shrimp larvae are put in, a small amount of shrimp larvae are extracted and put in the culture pond for hydrophilic observation,

or detecting the original culture water body of the shrimp seeds and the water body in the culture pond to prevent the survival rate of the shrimp seeds from being influenced by the excessive environmental change.

After 24 hydrophilic observation, if the physiological state of the shrimp larvae is abnormal, the water environment is continuously adjusted until the living state of the shrimp larvae which is subjected to hydrophilic observation is normal, and a large amount of shrimp larvae can be thrown in.

Wherein, the shrimp fries to be cultivated are preferably put in the morning or at night.

In a further preferred embodiment, when the body length of the thrown shrimp larvae is 1.2-1.8 cm, the throwing amount is 6-8 thousand tails/mu, preferably 7 thousand tails/mu;

when the body length of the shrimp seedlings is 5-7 cm, the putting amount is 3000-5000 tails/mu, preferably 3500-4000 tails/mu.

And step three, feeding the feed.

In the invention, after the shrimp seedlings are put into the culture pond, the shrimp seedlings are put into shrimp culture feed for culture.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shrimp farming feed comprises an inner layer nutrient component and an outer layer nutrient component, wherein the inner layer nutrient component comprises the following components in parts by weight:

in a further preferred embodiment, the inner layer nutrient component comprises the following components in parts by weight:

in a further preferred embodiment, the inner layer nutritional component comprises the following components in parts by weight:

according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the protein component comprises animal protein and vegetable protein in a weight ratio of 1: (1-2), preferably 1: (1.2-1.8).

The inventor researches and discovers that animal high-quality protein raw materials are high in price, and the meat quality and the taste of the lobsters eating animal protein are poor, so that in the invention, plant protein is preferably adopted to replace part of animal protein, and the weight ratio of the animal protein to the vegetable protein is set as 1: (1-2), preferably 1: (1.2-1.8), compared with the feed of pure animal protein, the growth speed and meat quality of the adult shrimps can be obviously improved, and the production cost is greatly reduced.

In a further preferred embodiment, the animal protein is selected from one or more of fish meal, artemia meal, silkworm chrysalis meal, earthworm meal, krill meal and chicken meal;

the vegetable protein is selected from one or more of peanut meal, bean meal, rapeseed cake, soybean protein concentrate and cottonseed cake.

Preferably, the animal protein is selected from one or more of fish meal, artemia powder, krill powder and chicken meal;

the vegetable protein is selected from one or more of peanut meal, rapeseed cake and cotton seed cake.

In a still further preferred embodiment, the animal protein is fish meal and artemia meal and the plant protein is peanut meal;

the weight ratio of the fish meal, the artemia powder and the peanut meal is 15: 13:35.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbohydrate component is selected from one or more of corn flour, soybean flour, starch, yeast, hard flour, and wheat flour.

In a further preferred embodiment, the carbohydrate component is yeast, soy flour and starch in a weight ratio of (2-6): (8-16): preferably (3-5): (9-15): 8, more preferably 4:13: 8.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mineral is a multi-mineral premix, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of potassium chloride, 8-12 parts of sodium fluoride, 2-4 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.9-1.1 parts of sodium selenite, 50-80 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-8 parts of sodium chloride, 1.0-1.5 parts of ferrous lactate, 8-12 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-4 parts of copper sulfate, 0.003-0.004 part of yeast selenium and 0.006-0.009 part of cobalt sulfate.

In a further preferred embodiment, the mineral comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of sodium fluoride, 3 parts of manganese sulfate, 1 part of sodium selenite, 60 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 1.2 parts of ferrous lactate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of copper sulfate, 0.0035 part of yeast selenium and 0.008 part of cobalt sulfate.

Wherein the mineral is necessary for maintaining the life of the lobster, and comprises macroelements and microelements, and the addition of the above components and minerals by weight is beneficial to improving the growth speed of the lobster.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vitamin is a multivitamin premix which comprises the following components in parts by weight: vitamin B1: 50 parts of a mixture; vitamin C: 20-40 parts of a solvent; vitamin D: 10-15 parts; vitamin E: 10-15 parts; inositol: 10-15 parts; choline chloride: 6-20 parts of a solvent; folic acid: 4-8 parts.

In a further preferred embodiment, the vitamins comprise the following components in parts by weight: vitamin B1: 50 parts of a mixture; vitamin C: 30 parts of (1); vitamin D: 12 parts of (1); vitamin E: 13 parts; inositol: 15 parts of (1); choline chloride: 15 parts of (1); folic acid: 6 parts.

The inventor researches and discovers that carbohydrate is a cheap energy source in the feed, but because the utilization rate of carbohydrate in the feed is low in Australia crayfish, excessive carbohydrate can be accumulated in the fat of the Australia crayfish, so that the liver of the crayfish is damaged, fatty liver is formed, and the healthy growth of the crayfish is influenced.

Therefore, the invention preferably adds vitamins into the breeding feed, and the ratio of the carbohydrate to the vitamins is (15-35): (0.15-0.5), preferably (20-30): (0.2-0.4), more preferably 25-0.3, so that the liver of the lobster is normal and the growth rate is high.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nutritional supplement comprises the following components by weight:

0.1 part of enzyme

2-5 parts of grease

4-8 parts of shrimp shell powder.

Preferably, the nutritional auxiliary materials comprise the following components in parts by weight:

0.1 part of enzyme

2.5-4.5 parts of grease

5-7 parts of shrimp shell powder.

More preferably, the nutritional auxiliary materials comprise the following components in parts by weight:

0.1 part of enzyme

3.8 parts of grease

6 parts of shrimp shell powder.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the enzyme is a complex enzyme, preferably selected from two or more of phytase, cellulase, mesophilic amylase, acid protease, neutral protease, β -glucanase, α -amylase, xylanase and lipase.

In a further preferred embodiment, the complex enzyme is selected from two or more of phytase, cellulase, acid protease, α -amylase, xylanase and lipase.

In a further preferred embodiment, the complex enzyme is compounded by phytase, cellulase, acid protease and lipase, and the weight ratio of the complex enzyme to the lipase is 5: (4-8): (2-6): (2-4), preferably 5: (5-7): (3-5): (2-3).

In the invention, because the feed adopts plant protein to replace part of animal protein, in order to improve the absorption utilization rate of the protein of the adult lobsters, the compound enzyme compounded by phytase, cellulase, acid protease and lipase is preferably adopted to improve the digestibility of the feed of the adult lobsters of Australian freshwater lobsters, and the growth speed and the weight gain rate are improved.

Moreover, as the adult shrimps are easy to lack phosphorus in the middle and later growth stages, the phytase added in the feed is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of phosphorus and can ensure the growth requirements of the lobsters.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oil is a vegetable oil, preferably selected from one or more of peanut oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, rice bran oil and rapeseed oil.

In a further preferred embodiment, the oil and fat is linseed oil and soybean oil, and the weight ratio of the linseed oil to the soybean oil is 2.5: (0.8 to 1.8), preferably 2.5: (1.0-1.5), such as 2.5: 1.3.

The inventor researches and discovers that animal oil (such as fish oil) contains a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid (such as EPA and DHA), is easier to be oxidized and rancid than plant oil, and eating the oxidized animal oil can cause lobster anemia, emaciation, liver lesion, muscle fiber necrosis and the like, and the price of the animal oil is higher than that of the plant oil. Therefore, the invention preferably only adds vegetable oil and fat in the feed, ensures the healthy growth of the lobsters and improves the growth speed and meat quality on the premise of reducing the production cost.

In the invention, the shrimp shell powder contains rich calcium, and also contains beneficial elements such as chitin, protein, choline, phospholipid, cholesterol and the like.

In the invention, as the lobsters need to be molted for a plurality of times in the growth process to promote growth and lose a large amount of calcium in the molting process, a proper amount of calcium needs to be added into the feed to meet the requirement of the lobsters on the calcium and maintain the normal physiological metabolism of the lobsters.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the additive comprises a growth promoter promoting the growth of shrimp and ecdysone, the growth promoter being selected from one or more of citric acid, crotonolactone, oxytetracycline, humic acid, and sodium alginate.

In a further preferred embodiment, the growth promoter is selected from one or more of citric acid, crotonolactone and humic acid, preferably humic acid.

The inventor finds that the humic acid contains various nutrients such as amino acid, trace elements and vitamins and natural active ingredients such as inositol and polysaccharide, can directly participate in organism metabolism, promotes animal glandular secretion, activates the activity of various enzymes in the body, changes the permeability of cell membranes, increases the food intake of the lobsters and the absorption and utilization of nutrients, can obviously improve the utilization rate of feed, promotes the growth of the lobsters, and especially can improve the anti-stress capability of the lobsters in wintering and long-distance transportation.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the ecdysone to the growth promoter is 1: (4-8), preferably 1: (5-7) such as 1: 6.

The inventor finds that the ecdysis of the Australian freshwater lobster is regulated by hormone, and the addition of ecdysone can increase the ecdysis frequency of adult lobsters, promote growth and improve the weight gain rate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the additive further comprises a phagostimulant, and the addition amount of the phagostimulant and the addition amount of the ecdysone are 1:1

The phagostimulant comprises the following components in parts by weight:

preferably, the phagostimulant comprises the following components in parts by weight:

the inventor researches and discovers that the feeding promoting agent with the proportioning components can induce the lobster to set, can reduce the feed residue in the water body, improve the feed utilization rate, and reduce the secondary pollution of the excess feed to the water body, thereby reducing the disease risk of the lobsters and improving the survival rate and the growth rate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner layer nutritional ingredients further comprise an antistaling agent and a forming agent, and the addition amounts of the antistaling agent and the forming agent are respectively 3-6 parts and 1-4 parts based on 100 parts of the total weight of the inner layer nutritional ingredients.

In a further preferred embodiment, the preservative is a biological preservative selected from one or more of sodium diacetate, EM bacterial liquid, tea polyphenol and chitosan.

In a further preferred embodiment, the preservative is selected from one or more of sodium diacetate, EM bacterial liquid and tea polyphenol.

In the invention, the biological preservative is added to effectively inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms, so that the feed is preserved. When the addition amount of the preservative is less than 3 parts based on 100 parts of the total weight of the inner layer nutrient components, the optimal preservation effect on the feed cannot be achieved; when the addition amount is more than 6 parts, the preservation effect is not increased any more, the cost is increased by continuously increasing the amount of the preservative, and the palatability of the feed is influenced.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the forming agent is one or more of carrageenan, bone glue, xanthan gum, agar and furcellaran.

In a further preferred embodiment, the forming agent is agar.

According to the invention, the inner layer nutrient components are in a gel state under the action of the forming agent, so that the forming agent is beneficial to long-time shape maintenance in water and is suitable for feeding of Australia freshwater lobsters in a embracing manner, and the added biological preservative can ensure that the breeding feed is not easy to decay and deteriorate, can prevent water body pollution and can protect the health of the living environment of adult lobsters.

In a further preferred embodiment, the moisture content of the inner layer nutrient component is 8 to 20%, preferably 8 to 18%, and more preferably 8 to 15%.

In the invention, when the water content of the inner-layer nutrient components is set to be 8-20%, preferably 8-18%, and more preferably 8-15%, the inner-layer nutrient components have a good shape-preserving effect and can be tightly bonded with the outer-layer nutrient components.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aquaculture feed further comprises an outer layer of nutritional ingredients coated outside the inner layer of nutritional ingredients,

based on 100 parts by weight of the inner layer nutrient components, the outer layer nutrient components are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the inner layer nutrient component, the outer layer nutrient component is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

more preferably, the outer layer nutrient component is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the inner layer nutrient component:

the inventor finds that in the prior art, in order to keep the Australia crayfish feed not easy to disperse after being put into water, beneficial microorganisms in the feed are easily inactivated through high-temperature curing and high-temperature plasmid processes in the preparation process of the feed. Therefore, the complex microbial inoculum is preferably prepared outside the gel type inner layer nutrient components, so that the activity of beneficial bacteria can be effectively ensured, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved.

Preferably, the thickness of the nutrient components on the outer layer is 3-6 mm, and preferably 4-5 mm.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the complex microbial agent is made of two or more of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, yeast, bacillus coagulans, bacillus natto, photosynthetic bacteria and amino acid ferment bacteria.

In a further preferred embodiment, the complex microbial agent is made of two or more of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto, photosynthetic bacteria and amino acid ferment bacteria.

In a further preferred embodiment, the complex microbial inoculum is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

more preferably, the complex microbial inoculum is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

preferably, the complex microbial inoculum is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

wherein, the photosynthetic bacteria are preferably rhodopseudomonas palustris.

The inventor finds that the propagation of lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract of animals can produce various inhibitory compounds, including bacteriocins, bacteriocin-like substances and various antagonistic substances. The lactobacillus can also adhere to intestinal tract cells, and has space occupying competition and nutrient competition effects, and the generated organic acid can reduce the pH value in intestinal tract, inhibit proliferation of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Clostridium in intestinal tract, and reduce incidence of animal intestinal tract diseases.

The bifidobacterium can stimulate the immune system and the lymphatic tissue of the intestinal tract to generate a secretory antibody, namely immunoglobulin A, so that the immunity of the lobster is enhanced, and meanwhile, acidic substances such as lactic acid, acetic acid and the like generated by the metabolism of the bifidobacterium can keep the environment in the intestinal tract acidic, so that the growth of harmful bacteria is inhibited, the disease resistance of adult shrimps is enhanced, and the growth rate and the weight gain rate are improved.

The bacillus natto can generate a plurality of active hydrolytic enzymes, promote the degradation of nutrients in the feed and ensure that the lobster can absorb and utilize the feed more fully; has the characteristics of acid resistance and heat resistance, and can generate strong inhibiting effect on harmful microorganisms such as vibrio, escherichia coli, baculovirus and the like; moreover, the lobster aquaculture water purifying agent has a strong water quality purifying function, and the part which is not ingested or is discharged along with the excrement of the lobsters can further purify the aquaculture water body, reduce the occurrence of shrimp diseases and effectively improve the growth rate of adult shrimps.

The photosynthetic bacteria are rich in various vitamins, and simultaneously contain coenzyme Q10, antiviral substances and growth promoting factors, and the photosynthetic bacteria can be used as baits to promote the growth of adult shrimps, can culture zooplankton, increase the number of natural baits, and simultaneously can degrade nitrite, sulfide and other toxic substances in water, so that the effect of improving water quality is obvious.

The amino acid ferment bacteria are rich in nutrients such as protein, amino acid, fatty acid, saccharides, vitamins, biological enzyme and the like, after the adult shrimps ingest the feed, a part of bacteria can become intestinal flora to help the adult shrimps to resist the invasion of germs, and a part of bacteria can be digested to stimulate the adult shrimps to generate nonspecific immunity. Meanwhile, the amino acid ferment bacteria can be decomposed into various organic matters and inorganic matters in the shrimp culture water body to be absorbed by other aquatic animals and plants, thereby reducing the eutrophication of the water body and purifying the water body environment.

According to the invention, the weight ratio of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, bacillus natto, photosynthetic bacteria and amino acid ferment bacteria in the composite microbial agent is set as 5: (1-2): (5-10): (0.3-1.2): (1-3), preferably 5: (1.2-1.8): (6-9): (0.5-1.0): (1.5 to 2.5), more preferably 5:1.5:7: 0.8: 2, all the microbial agents have synergistic effect, so that nutrients required by the growth of the adult shrimps are guaranteed, the water environment can be deeply purified, and the growth speed of the adult shrimps is increased.

In the invention, the compound microbial inoculum has the capability of adjusting the microbial inoculum structure in the shrimp intestinal tract after being ingested and promoting the feed digestion and absorption; after the ingested complex microbial inoculum is discharged into the aquaculture water body along with the excrement of the adult shrimps, the complex microbial inoculum can decompose toxic excrement and purify the aquaculture water body of the adult shrimps. In addition, as the compound microbial inoculum is manufactured on the outer layer of the aquaculture feed, under the condition that adult shrimps do not ingest the feed in time, the compound microbial inoculum can play a role in adjusting the micro-ecology of the aquaculture water body, maintaining the healthy living water body of the adult shrimps and promoting the growth of aquatic plants in the aquaculture water body.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the complex microbial inoculum is applied in the form of a bacterial liquid, and is prepared according to the following steps:

and i, preparing initial bacterial liquid.

Wherein the initial bacterial liquid is prepared as follows:

and step i-1, putting clear water into a culture container, heating and increasing oxygen.

Wherein the heating is heating to ensure that the water temperature is 25 ℃.

And step i-2, adding glucose, fully dissolving, and adding a plurality of microbial inoculum.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the complex microbial inoculum is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

wherein the lactobacillus, the bifidobacterium, the bacillus natto, the photosynthetic bacteria and the amino acid ferment bacteria are powder and are all commercially available.

And i-3, intermittently stirring, and detecting the pH value and the total bacteria number of the mixed solution after a certain time to prepare the initial bacteria solution meeting the requirements.

In the invention, after adding a plurality of microbial inoculum, the oxygenation stirring is stopped after 2-2.5 h, then the oxygenation stirring is carried out again after 3-7 h, the circulation is carried out for 120-150 h, and the water temperature is kept at 25 ℃.

After circulating for 120-150 hours, detecting the pH value and the total bacteria number of the mixed solution until the pH value reaches 3-5 and the total bacteria number reaches (3.5-4.5) × 10⁷More than one. If not, continuously oxygenating and stirring until the initial bacterial liquid meeting the requirements is prepared.

In the present invention, the prepared initial bacterial liquid is preferably stored in a sealed and cool state.

And ii, mixing the initial bacterial liquid with water and glucose according to a ratio, continuously stirring, and preparing the final bacterial liquid after a certain time.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the initial bacterial liquid to the water and the glucose is 5: (90-110): (0.3 to 0.5), preferably 5: (95-105): (0.35-0.45), and more preferably 5:100: 0.4.

Wherein, the water is put into a container, heated to the water temperature of 25 ℃, and simultaneously oxygenated, so that the water body in the container turns over up and down; and then adding glucose into water to be fully dissolved, adding the initial bacterial liquid, and carrying out uninterrupted oxygenation stirring.

In a further preferred embodiment, the uninterrupted oxygenation stirring time is 60-90 h, preferably 70-80 h, such as 75 h.

In the invention, after the uninterrupted oxygenation stirring is finished, the pH value and the total bacteria number of the bacteria liquid are detected, so that the pH value is 6-7, and the total bacteria number is (3.5-4.5) × 10⁷More than one. If not, continuously oxygenating and stirring until the final bacterial liquid meeting the requirements is prepared.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the plankton is zooplankton eggs, preferably one or more of rotifer eggs, artemia eggs, red worm eggs and daphnia eggs, more preferably one or more of rotifer eggs, artemia eggs and red worm eggs.

The inventor researches and discovers that after zooplankton eggs are added into adult shrimp feed and are thrown into a water body to be ingested, sufficient nutrient substances such as amino acid, protein, unsaturated fatty acid, inorganic elements and the like can be provided for adult shrimps, and the feed has good palatability, is beneficial to the ingestion of the adult shrimps and further improves the growth speed. And after the unphaged feed is soaked in the water body for a period of time, the zooplankton eggs can be dissolved out and further incubated into zooplankton to become bait for the adult shrimps to prey, so that the utilization rate of the feed is improved.

In the invention, based on 100 parts of inner layer nutrient components, the amount of zooplankton eggs is set to be 5-10 parts, preferably 5-8 parts, and more preferably 5-6 parts, so that nutrients necessary for the growth of adult shrimps are ensured, and the total amount of the zooplankton eggs can be controlled, so that the ecological balance of the adult shrimp culture water body is not influenced.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following components by weight:

preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:

the Chinese herbal medicine additive with the components is mainly used for clearing heat and removing toxicity, can improve the endocrine function of the lobsters, and remarkably improves the growth rate and the weight gain rate of the lobsters.

Under the condition that the feed is not eaten by the lobsters in time, the Chinese herbal medicine additive in the outer-layer nutrient components also has the effect of detoxifying the aquaculture water body, so that the immunity of the lobsters is improved.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the complex microbial inoculum, plankton and Chinese herbal medicine additive in the outer layer nutritional ingredients are coated outside the inner layer nutritional ingredients through a binding agent, wherein the binding agent is selected from one or more of wheat flour, barley flour, corn flour, glutinous rice flour, broad bean flour and sweet potato flour.

In a further preferred embodiment, the binder is selected from one or more of barley flour, glutinous rice flour, broad bean flour and sweet potato flour.

In the invention, the adhesive of the above kind is adopted, the complex microbial inoculum, plankton and Chinese herbal medicine additive can be effectively coated outside the inner layer nutrient components, and can be kept for a certain time without loosening, and the adhesive has certain hardness and accords with the ingestion characteristics of Australia crayfish.

The inventor finds that the binder is added in an amount of 8-15 parts by weight, preferably 8-13 parts by weight, and more preferably 9-12 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the inner layer nutrient components, so that the composite microbial agent, plankton and Chinese herbal medicine additive can be effectively coated and can be fully utilized by the adult shrimps. When the amount of the binder added is less than 8 parts, the binding effect is poor; when the amount of the binder added is more than 15 parts, the utilization rate of the binder for the adult shrimps is reduced, the liver metabolism of the adult shrimps is influenced, and the health condition of the adult shrimps is influenced.

Even if the breeding feed is not ingested for a long time, the nutrient components on the outer layer are dispersed, and the dissolved compound bacteria and plankton can continue to play the roles of purifying water quality and providing nutrition. The nutrient components in the inner layer are gelatinous, so that the water-soluble nutrient film can be kept for up to 150h without deterioration.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, optionally, the outer layer nutritional ingredient further comprises a colorant to impart a readily discernible color to the feed in the body of water to facilitate feeding by the adult shrimp.

In a further preferred embodiment, the colorant is selected from astaxanthin and/or carotenoids.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the adult Australia crayfish breeding feed, and the method comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing inner layer nutrient components.

Wherein, step 1 comprises the following substeps:

step 1-1, weighing oil and mixing with a preservative to obtain a mixed liquid.

Weighing the grease and the preservative according to the proportion in the breeding feed, and placing the grease and the preservative in a container to be uniformly stirred to obtain mixed liquid.

Step 1-2, weighing protein components, carbohydrate components, calcium, minerals and vitamins, and crushing to obtain a mixture.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pulverization is carried out by ultrafine pulverization to a fineness of 100 mesh or more, preferably 120 mesh or more.

The components are crushed to be more than 100 meshes, preferably to be more than 120 meshes, so that the uniform mixing of the feed in the subsequent preparation process is facilitated.

And step 1-3, adding the mixture obtained in the step 1-2 into the mixed liquid obtained in the step 1-1, then adding the enzyme and the additive, and stirring and mixing.

Wherein the enzyme is a complex enzyme, and the additive comprises a growth promoter, ecdysone and a phagostimulant.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stirring and mixing are performed under heating at a temperature of 40 to 55 ℃, preferably 45 to 55 ℃.

The present inventors have found that the efficiency of uniformly mixing raw materials can be improved by appropriately heating the raw materials in the process of mixing the raw materials of the respective components.

And 1-4, adding a forming agent into the mixed system obtained in the step 1-3, uniformly stirring, and cooling and forming to obtain the inner-layer nutrient component.

In the present invention, the forming agent is preferably agar.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the forming agent is added with water and heated to form a viscous solution, and then added to the mixed system of steps 1 to 3 while stirring.

Wherein the weight ratio of the forming agent to the added water is 1: (12-18), preferably 1: 15.

In a further preferred embodiment, the temperature of the forming agent solution added to the mixed system of the step 1-3 is 70-90 ℃.

The inventor finds that when the temperature of the added forming agent solution is lower than 70 ℃, the solution causes uneven forming of the nutrient components in the inner layer, and when the temperature is higher than 90 ℃, the activity of partial enzymes in the nutrient components in the inner layer is damaged, and the quality of the feed is influenced.

In a further preferred embodiment, the stirring time is 5 to 10 minutes.

Through long-term research, the inventor discovers that by adopting the raw materials in the proportion, adding the forming agent and stirring for 5-10 min at the solution temperature of 70-90 ℃, the water content of the obtained inner-layer nutrient component can be controlled to be 8-20%, preferably 8-18%, and more preferably 8-15%.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the inner layer nutrient components mixed with the forming agent are placed in a large container to be cooled and formed, and after solidification, the inner layer nutrient components are divided by a screen as needed.

And 2, coating the outer-layer nutrient components outside the inner-layer nutrient components to prepare the breeding feed.

Wherein, step 2 comprises the following substeps:

and 2-1, preparing the binder into slurry, and uniformly mixing the composite microbial inoculum, the plankton and the Chinese herbal medicine preparation with the slurry.

In the invention, the binder is preferably prepared into slurry, the content of the binder in the slurry is 15-25%, and then the composite microbial inoculum, the plankton and the Chinese herbal medicine additive are uniformly mixed with the slurry according to the proportion.

Wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive is powder obtained by mixing and crushing the components, and the fineness of the powder is more than 100 meshes, preferably more than 120 meshes.

And 2-2, spraying the uniformly mixed system in the step 2-1 to the outer surface of the inner layer nutrient component, and then drying to prepare the aquaculture feed.

And (3) spraying the mixed system of the binder, the complex microbial inoculum, the plankton and the Chinese herbal medicine additive which are uniformly mixed in the step (2-1) onto the outer surface of the inner layer nutrient component, wherein the thickness of the outer layer nutrient component is 3-6 mm, preferably 4-5 mm, and then drying at room temperature to prepare the aquaculture feed.

After the cultivation feed is prepared, the feed is preferably screened and packaged.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the feed for shrimp farming is administered 1 time per day, preferably at sunset.

In a further preferred embodiment, when the size of the fed shrimp larvae is 1.2-1.8 cm, the feeding amount of the feed is 2-4%, preferably 3% of the weight of the shrimp larvae;

when the size of the fed shrimp larvae is 5-7 cm, the feeding amount of the feed is 0.5-1.5% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and the feeding amount is preferably 1%.

In the invention, when the size of the shrimp larvae put in the feed is 1.2-1.8 cm, the putting amount of the feed is 2-4% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and the feed is preferably 3%; in the cultivation process, feeding and feeding 0.5-1.5%, preferably 1% of the weight of the lobsters when the weight of the lobsters increases and grows to 5-7 cm.

And step four, daily management.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the daily management includes checking growth of aquatic plants, detecting water quality, checking a net cover of the water inlet and outlet pipeline.

Wherein, because the Australia crayfish has large oxygen consumption, the good water quality needs to be ensured, and enough dissolved oxygen is provided, in the culture process, the growth condition of aquatic plants needs to be observed, and if necessary, growth promoting fertilizer is applied; it also needs to periodically check whether each device is operating normally, such as: whether sundries such as weeds exist at the water inlet and the water outlet, whether the mesh enclosure is damaged or not, whether the escape-preventing film is damaged or not and whether the ingestion condition and the health condition of the lobsters are observed so as to ensure the normal growth of the lobsters.

Examples

The present invention is further described below by way of specific examples, which are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

Example 1

The adult shrimp breeding method is adopted for breeding, and comprises the following steps:

step one, constructing an open-air open culture pond with the area of 600 square meters, the length of 20 meters and the width of 30 meters, wherein the bottom of the pond is muddy, exposing the dry pond for 10 days, storing water for 20cm, sprinkling dispersed quicklime according to 30 kg/mu, then drying the pond after 3 days, storing the water for 1.5 meters, and adding a detoxifying agent (zeolite powder, vitamin C, bacillus licheniformis and glucose are 90: 0.06: 5: 0.04) according to 300 g/mu;

planting nine-check-grid-shaped aquatic plants comprising 2 warps and 2 wefts in a culture pond, wherein the aquatic plant species is hydrilla verticillata, the planting area of the aquatic plants accounts for 70% of the area of the bottom of the pond, and the distance from the top ends of the aquatic plants to the water surface is 10 cm;

9 oxygenation plates are arranged in the space area of the nine spaces, the bottom ends of the oxygenation plates are 40cm higher than the sludge at the bottom of the pond, and an anti-escape barrier which is made of nylon and plastic materials and 40cm high is arranged on the periphery of the culture pond 1;

the water temperature of the culture water body is adjusted to 29 ℃, the dissolved oxygen in the water is 7 mg/L, and the pH value of the water body is 8.0.

And step two, before the shrimp seeds are put in, a small amount of the shrimp seeds are extracted for hydrophilic observation, after 24 hours of observation, the shrimp seeds are free of abnormality, and the shrimp seeds to be cultured with the body length of 1.5cm are put in according to the putting amount of 7 thousand tails/mu.

Step three, preparing a shrimp culture feed:

(1) weighing 13g of soybean oil, 25g of linseed oil and 40gEM bacterial liquid (the content of viable bacteria is 200 ten thousand CFU/ml, the moisture is less than or equal to 9.0 percent), and uniformly mixing.

(2) Weighing 150g of fish meal, 130g of artemia powder, 350g of peanut meal, 40g of yeast, 60g of shrimp shell powder, 130g of soybean meal, 80g of starch, 10g of minerals (potassium chloride: sodium fluoride: manganese sulfate: sodium selenite: monocalcium phosphate: sodium chloride: ferrous lactate: zinc sulfate: copper sulfate: yeast selenium: cobalt sulfate: 5:10:3:1:60:5:1.2:10:3:0.0035:0.008) and 3g of vitamins (vitamin B1: vitamin C: vitamin D: vitamin E: inositol: choline chloride: folic acid: 50:30:12:13:15:15:6), carrying out ultrafine grinding to the fineness of 120 meshes, and then uniformly mixing.

(3) Mixing the superfine pulverized mixture in the step (2) with the step (1), adding 1g of complex enzyme (the ratio of phytase, cellulase, acid protease and lipase is 5:6:4:2.5), 6g of humic acid, 1g of ecdysone and 1g of phagostimulant (the weight ratio of histidine to arginine to the mixture of laver to the mixture of betaine and acanthopanax is 10:6:5:8:4), heating to 45 ℃, and uniformly stirring.

(4) And (3) taking 20g of agar, adding 300ml of water, heating to 80 ℃ to form a viscous solution, adding the viscous solution into the mixed system in the step (3) while stirring, stirring for 10 minutes, pouring the viscous solution into a shaping container while the viscous solution is hot, and then cutting the viscous solution into a plurality of small blocks with the side length of 6-8 mm by using a screen to serve as inner-layer nutrient components.

(5) Adding water into 100g of glutinous rice flour to prepare slurry with the solid content of 20%, then adding 50g of zooplankton eggs (including 30g of red worm eggs and 25g of artemia cysts), 4g of compound microbial inoculum and 60g of Chinese herbal medicine additives (the weight ratio of radix sophorae flavescentis, houttuynia cordata, chrysanthemum morifolium and dried mulberry leaves is 10:6:5:3:6), and uniformly mixing;

the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by the following steps:

(5.1) putting clear water into a culture barrel, heating the clear water to the temperature of 25 ℃, and then oxygenating the water by using an oxygenation pump;

(5.2) adding glucose into water, fully dissolving, then adding lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bacillus natto, photosynthetic bacteria and amino acid ferment bacteria powder (the adding ratio is 5:1.5:7: 0.6:2), oxygenating and stirring for 2h, stopping, oxygenating and stirring again for 2h after 7h, circularly performing 130h, and keeping the water temperature at 25 ℃;

(5.3) detecting the pH and the total bacteria number of the mixed solution, wherein after circulation for 130 hours, the pH is 3-5, and the total bacteria number is 4.8 × 10⁷Taking the strain as initial bacterial liquid, sealing and storing in shade;

(5.4) weighing the components according to the ratio of the initial bacterial liquid to the water to the glucose of 5:100:0.4, then placing clear water in a culture barrel, heating the water to 25 ℃, using an oxygenation pump to oxygenate the water, adding the glucose into the water, fully dissolving, then adding the initial bacterial liquid, carrying out continuous oxygenation and stirring for 75 hours, then detecting the pH value of the bacterial liquid to be 6.5, and detecting the total bacterial number to be 3.5 × 10⁷And finally obtaining bacterial liquid, namely the compound bacterial agent.

(6) And (4) spraying the uniformly mixed system in the step (5) to the outer surface of the inner layer nutrient component, wherein the thickness is 4mm, and then drying at room temperature to prepare the adult shrimp breeding feed for the Australia crayfish.

And feeding feed which is 3 percent of the weight of the shrimp larvae every day when the shrimp larvae fall down, and feeding feed which is 1 percent of the weight of the lobsters when the shrimp larvae grow to 5-7 cm.

And step four, in the culture process, periodically checking the growth condition and water quality of the aquatic plants, a mesh enclosure of a water inlet and drainage pipeline and an escape-proof mesh, observing the ingestion condition and health condition of the lobsters, keeping the temperature of the culture water body at 27-32 ℃, the water dissolved oxygen amount at 7 mg/L and the pH value of the water body between 7.5-8.5.

Example 2

The method used in this example is similar to example 1, except that the aquatic plant species in step one is duckweed, the planting area accounts for 100% of the area of the bottom of the pool, and the distance from the top end of the duckweed to the water surface is 15 cm;

and in the second step, shrimp seeds with the body length of 6cm are thrown according to the throwing amount of 5000 tails/mu.

Example 3

The process used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that the water temperature in step one is 30 ℃, the dissolved oxygen in water is 8 mg/L, and the water pH is 7.5.

Example 4

The procedure used in this example was similar to example 1 except that in step three, step 1, 25g of cottonseed oil and 13g of rice bran oil were added.

Example 5

The method used in this example is similar to example 1, except that in step three (1), the addition amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 50 g.

Example 6

The procedure used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step three (2) 120g of fish meal, 110g of artemia powder and 400g of peanut meal are added.

Example 7

The procedure used in this example was similar to that of example 1, except that in step three, vitamin was added in an amount of 5g in step 2.

Example 8

The method used in this example is similar to example 1, except that in step three (5), the herbal additives (weight ratio of sophora flavescens, houttuynia cordata, chrysanthemum morifolium ramat, dried and mulberry leaves is 10:4:4:2.5: 4).

Example 9

The method used in this example was similar to example 1 except that in step three (5), the amount of glutinous rice flour added was 120 g.

Example 10

The procedure used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step three (5), 100g of zooplankton eggs (including 70g of red worm eggs and 30g of rotifer eggs) are added.

Example 11

The procedure used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step three (5), Bacillus subtilis was used instead of Bacillus natto.

Comparative example

Comparative example 1

The comparative example was carried out in a manner similar to that of example 1, except that the aquatic plant coverage area of step one was 30% of the bottom of the tank.

Comparative example 2

This comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1, except that the amount of dissolved oxygen in water in the first step was 5 mg/L.

Comparative example 3

This comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1, except that the prepared feed for farming included only the inner layer nutrients.

Comparative example 4

This comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1 except that 10g of fish oil, 15g of linseed oil and 13g of soybean oil were added as the oils and fats in step (1).

Comparative example 5

The procedure used in this comparative example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step (2), 330g of fish meal, 300g of artemia powder, and no peanut meal were added.

Comparative example 6

The comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1 except that in step (5), the complex microbial inoculum was not added.

Comparative example 7

This comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1, except that in step (5), zooplankton eggs were not added.

Comparative example 8

The comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1, except that no herbal additive was added in step (5).

Examples of the experiments

Experimental example 1

The culture from the young shrimp to the adult shrimp was carried out in 9 culture ponds having the same specification according to the methods described in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 8, the young shrimp was fed in the same specification, and after 90 days of culture, the survival rate, the growth rate of the body length and the weight gain rate of the lobsters cultured in the 9 culture ponds were counted, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

Wherein, the survival rate is × 100% of the number of the surviving lobsters/the number of the dosed lobsters, the body length growth rate is × 100% of the body length after growth-the body length before growth)/the length of the precursor before growth, and the weight gain rate is × 100% of the weight gain rate (the weight after weight gain-the weight before weight gain)/the weight of the precursor before weight gain.

As can be seen from table 1, the cultivation method described in example 1 of the present invention can significantly improve the survival rate and growth rate of the australian crayfish, compared to the method described in the comparative example.

The meat quality of lobsters bred in example 1 and comparative examples 4 and 5 was measured according to the method described in GB 5009.124-2016 (national food safety Standard for amino acids determination) and the results are shown in Table 2:

TABLE 2

Wherein, W_EAA/W_TAARepresents the ratio of the total amount of essential amino acids to the total amount of amino acids;

W_EAA/W_NEAArepresents the ratio of the total amount of essential amino acids to the total amount of semi-essential amino acids;

W_DAA/W_TAAthe ratio of umami amino acids to the total amount of amino acids is indicated.

W of meat quality of Lobster in example 1_EAA/W_TAA、W_EAA/W_NEAAAnd W_DAA/W_TAAThe value is higher than that of comparative examples 4 and 5, wherein W_EAA/W_TAAAnd W_EAA/W_NEAARepresenting the equilibrium effect of amino acids, the higher the value, the more reasonable the amino acid collocation, W_DAA/W_TAAThe meat quality is shown to be delicious, and the higher the numerical value is, the more delicious the meat quality is. Therefore, the breeding method described in example 1 can significantly improve the meat quality of the Australian crayfish.

Experimental example 2

The lobster breeding was carried out in 4 identical breeding ponds according to the methods described in example 1 and comparative examples 1, 6 and 8, respectively, wherein the quality of the water in the breeding ponds was measured at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the breeding of the lobsters without artificial water purification during the breeding process, and the results are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3

Wherein, the ammonia nitrogen content is measured by adopting a nano reagent spectrophotometry; nitrite content was determined by N- (1-naphthyl) -ethylenediamine spectrophotometry.

As can be seen from Table 3, the feed fed in the process of culturing lobsters in the example 1 of the invention has a significant synergistic effect on the purification of the culture water body compared with the comparative examples 1, 6 and 8, and the ammonia nitrogen content and the nitrite content in the culture water body are not more than 0.168 mg/L and not more than 0.092 mg/L within 28 days after the feed is fed, so that the feed is beneficial to the healthy growth of adult shrimps.

Experimental example 3

5 of the adult shrimp-farming feeds prepared in examples 1 and 9 were randomly selected, placed in water, and the overall shape-retaining time (i.e., outer shape-retaining time) and the shape-retaining time of the nutrient components in the inner layer of the feeds were measured, and the results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4

	Overall shape keeping time (h)	Inner layer shape keeping time (h)
			Example 1	6.2	150.5
Example 9	6.0	149.8

As can be seen from Table 4, the outer layer nutrient components of the aquaculture feed prepared by the embodiment of the invention can be preserved for more than 6 hours in water, and can meet the ingestion characteristics of adult shrimps; the nutrient components in the inner layer can be kept not loose for 150 hours in water, which is beneficial to full ingestion of adult shrimps, and can reserve enough time for manual cleaning, which is beneficial to keeping the quality of aquaculture water.

The present invention has been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, but these embodiments are merely exemplary and merely illustrative. On the basis of the above, the invention can be subjected to various substitutions and modifications, and the substitutions and the modifications are all within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The adult Australian crayfish breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, establishing a culture pond, and pretreating the culture pond;

step two, putting shrimp fries;

step three, feeding the feed;

and step four, daily management.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step one, the pre-treatment comprises disinfecting, detoxifying and growing aquatic plants in the established culture pond,

the aquatic plant is one or more of hydrilla verticillata, hornworts, water lettuce, duckweed, eel grass, waterweed and water hyacinth.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the aquatic plants are planted in a grid shape, the area covered by the aquatic plants is related to the size of the shrimp larvae to be thrown,

when the size of the thrown shrimp larvae is 1.2-1.8 cm, the coverage area of the aquatic plants is 60-80% of the area of the bottom of the culture pond;

when the size of the thrown shrimp larvae is 5-7 cm, the coverage area of the aquatic plants is 90-100% of the area of the bottom of the culture pond.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the top end of the planted aquatic plant is lower than the water surface in the culture pond, and the distance between the top end of the aquatic plant and the water surface is 8-15 cm, preferably 10 cm.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step three, the feed comprises an inner layer nutrient component and an outer layer nutrient component, wherein the inner layer nutrient component comprises the following components in parts by weight:

6. the method of claim 5, wherein the protein component comprises animal protein and vegetable protein in a weight ratio of 1: (1-2), preferably 1: (1.2-1.8).

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the nutritional supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight:

0.1 part of enzyme

2-5 parts of grease

4-8 parts of shrimp shell powder.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the enzyme is a complex enzyme, preferably selected from two or more of phytase, cellulase, mesophilic amylase, acid protease, neutral protease, β -glucanase, α -amylase, xylanase and lipase;

the oil is vegetable oil, preferably one or more selected from peanut oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, rice bran oil and rapeseed oil.

9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the outer layer nutrient composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the inner layer nutrient composition:

10. the method according to claim 9, wherein the complex microbial agent is made of two or more of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, yeast, bacillus coagulans, bacillus natto, photosynthetic bacteria, and amino acid ferment bacteria;

the plankton is eggs of zooplankton, preferably one or more of rotifer eggs, artemia eggs, red worm eggs and daphnia eggs.