CN111492889A - 一种茶树的种植方法及其栽培得到的茶叶 - Google Patents
一种茶树的种植方法及其栽培得到的茶叶 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111492889A CN111492889A CN202010460126.2A CN202010460126A CN111492889A CN 111492889 A CN111492889 A CN 111492889A CN 202010460126 A CN202010460126 A CN 202010460126A CN 111492889 A CN111492889 A CN 111492889A
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- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZBJKOZDGZGTMJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C(O)=O ZBJKOZDGZGTMJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种茶树的种植方法,包括以下内容:(1)茶种处理;(2)浸种;(3)选地;(4)育苗;(5)移栽;(6)管理。本发明对茶种进行了特殊的处理,种子经过浸种药剂浸泡以后,可以有效增强种子的萌发力,使得其初期萌发更旺盛,进而打下更好的基础,使得其后期的生命力更顽强。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于茶树栽培技术领域,尤其涉及茶树的种植方法及其栽培得到的茶叶。
技术背景
茶是与咖啡、可可齐名的世界性饮料,是世界上饮用人数较多的饮料之一。其不仅含有咖啡碱、儿茶素、茶多糖等对人体有益的生化成分,还含有参与生命活动的Cu、Zn、Cr、Co、Ni、Sr等多种微量元素。茶叶不仅具有提神清心、清热解暑、消食化痰、去腻减肥、清心除烦、解毒醒酒、生津止渴、降火明目、止痢除湿等药理作用,还对现代疾病,如辐射病、心脑血管病、癌症等疾病,有一定的药理功效。
自古以来茶就有健身、治疾之药物疗效,又富欣赏情趣,可陶冶情操。茶的饮用以及茶的栽培加工在我国已有数千年历史。
目前,大多数茶农为了追求高效率,普遍采用化学农药灭虫来提高茶叶的产量,增加经济效益,而使用农药灭虫则会产生严重的农药残留,使害虫产生抗药性,含有农药残留的茶叶会严重影响饮用者的身体健康,无法进行正规渠道销售和出口,影响茶农的生存。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种茶树种植方法,该方法采用天然的杀虫药液,减少了化学农药的使用,提高了茶叶的品质,减少了化学农药的残留,从而实现茶树种植的可持续发展、满足生态环保要求。
具体的方案如下:
一种茶树的种植方法,包括以下内容:
(1)茶种处理
采集茶果,将茶果置于光照下晾晒,晾晒后去果皮,置于阴凉处将种子阴干,在室温下用水浸泡种子,然后取出去除种皮,采用沙藏的方式进行保存,备用;
(2)浸种
育种时将沙藏的种子取出,并清洗表面,然后置于浸种溶液中浸泡处理;待结束后取出阴干,再次浸泡于新鲜的浸种溶液中,备用;
(3)选地
选择符合无公害茶叶的生产要求的土地;选地后进行深耕,并对深耕土壤进行消毒,再经过翻耕以后施肥,起出部分施肥的土壤备用,然后起垄制作育苗的苗床;
(4)育苗
将经(2)中处理后的种子播撒在苗床上;再将预先起出的土壤覆盖在苗床上,再覆盖薄膜或稻草,浇透水,待当苗出齐时,去除覆盖物,再次浇水继续育苗;
(5)移栽
将(4)中育苗完成后的茶树苗移栽在所选栽种地,栽种地挖取种植沟,在沟中铺洒基肥,在种植沟中挖栽种坑;茶树苗起苗后在根部保留有保护土球,将茶树苗栽种于栽种坑内,覆土填埋,在栽种坑表面覆盖薄膜或稻草,浇水;
(6)管理
水肥管理:
每年施肥多次,至少在春茶收获前和夏茶收获前各施加一次叶面肥;栽培过程中,定期浇水保持土壤湿润,以无积水为准;
病虫害防治:
采取生物防治措施,在茶园栽种地养殖有益生物;同时周期性间隔喷洒天然物质提取的杀虫剂;在采茶前一周再喷施一次杀虫剂;
定期全面检测茶园,清除虫卵、减除残枝、清除病叶。
本发明一具体实施方式,(1)中,采集成熟饱满、开裂的茶果,将茶果置于光照下晾晒5-10d后,表面有大量的裂口后去除果皮,然后在置于阴凉处将种子阴干至含水量低于13%,在室温下用水浸泡种子4-7d;沙藏温度控制在15-18℃,沙藏时间为25-30d。
本发明一具体实施方式,(2)中,所述浸种溶液按重量份数计,包括以下组分制得:细胞分裂素0.05-0.1份、硝酸钾0.01-0.06份、α-萘乙酸0.1-0.5份、吲哚乙酸0.2-0.7份、复硝酚钠0.05-0.2份、葡萄糖3-8份、N,N二甲基甲酰胺0.1-0.5份、高锰酸钾0.1-0.5份。
本发明一具体实施方式,(2)中,一次浸泡时长为4-6h;二次浸泡时长为2-3h。
本发明一具体实施方式,(3)中,所述消毒处理指的是撒入石灰,使其与土壤混合并浇水。
本发明一具体实施方式,(5)中,所述种植沟间隔2-3m设置,在种植沟中,间隔75-85cm挖栽种坑,栽种坑深15-25cm;所述基肥采用农家肥。
本发明一具体实施方式,(6)中,所述叶面肥按重量份数计,包括以下组分:氨基酸叶面肥15-30份、磷酸二氢钾5-10份、四甲基戊二酸1-8份、茶叶提取液60-100份。
本发明一具体实施方式,(6)中,所述杀虫剂按重量份数计,包括以下组分:苦瓜15-30份、大蒜15-20份、樟叶1-10份、紫罗兰3-9份。
本发明一具体实施方式,所述杀虫剂按重量份数计,包括以下组分:苦瓜25份、大蒜18份、樟叶6份、紫罗兰7份。
本发明还提供了一种茶叶,该茶叶采用任一上述的种植方法种植得到。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
一、本发明对茶种进行了特殊的处理,种子经过浸种药剂浸泡以后,可以有效增强种子的萌发力,使得其初期萌发更旺盛,进而打下更好的基础,使得其后期的生命力更顽强,进而可提高茶叶产量。
二、选择安全对茶叶无公害的山区,尽可能选择海拔较高处,土壤湿度逐渐增大,土壤养分含量富集,远离农药等化学物质,使得种植的茶叶更加天然无公害,对土壤进行深翻,提高土壤含氧量,有利于提高茶树的产量。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
本申请中,若无特殊申明所选用的原料、辅料均可通过市售购买得到。
本申请所述茶叶提取液、杀虫剂的方法分别为:
制备茶叶提取液的方法:将茶叶与水按质量比为1:1000-1500的比例,在80-95℃的温度下保温30-40min,过滤后取滤液即为本申请所述茶叶提取液。
制备杀虫剂的方法:将各组分加入至水中,在80℃-90℃的温度下保温1-2h,过滤后取滤液即为本申请所述杀虫剂。
实施例1
一种茶树的种植方法,包括以下内容:
(1)茶种处理
采集成熟饱满、开裂的茶果,将茶果置于光照下晾晒5d,晾晒至茶果产生多半裂口后去果皮,置于阴凉处将种子阴干至含水量约为13%,在室温下用水浸泡种子4d,然后取出去除种皮,采用沙藏的方式进行保存,沙藏温度控制在15℃,沙藏时间为25d;
(2)浸种
育种时将沙藏的种子取出,并清洗表面,然后置于浸种溶液中,浸泡4h;待结束后取出阴干,再次浸泡于新鲜的浸种溶液中,浸泡2h;
所述浸种溶液按重量份数计,包括以下组分制得:细胞分裂素0.05份、硝酸钾0.01份、α-萘乙酸0.1份、吲哚乙酸0.2份、复硝酚钠0.05份、葡萄糖3份、N,N二甲基甲酰胺0.1份、高锰酸钾0.1份;
(3)选地
选择远离城市、工业区和污染源之外的山区,对园地进行大气、水和土壤的测试,确保其符合无公害茶叶的生产要求;选地后进行深耕,并对深耕土壤进行消毒,所述消毒为撒入石灰和浇水的方式,再经过翻耕以后施肥,起出部分施肥的土壤备用,然后起垄制作育苗的苗床;
(4)育苗
将经(2)中处理后的种子播撒在苗床上,种子间距在20×20mm为宜;再将预先起出的土壤覆盖在苗床上,再覆盖薄膜或稻草,浇透水,待当苗出齐时,去除覆盖物,再次浇水继续育苗;
(5)移栽
将(4)中育苗完成后的茶树苗移栽在所选栽种地,栽种地挖取种植沟,每隔2-3m挖一条宽约45cm、深约50cm的种植沟,在沟中铺洒农家肥基肥,在种植沟中,间隔75cm挖栽种坑,栽种坑深15cm;茶树苗起苗后在根部保留有保护土球,将茶树苗栽种于栽种坑内,覆土填埋,在栽种坑表面覆盖薄膜或稻草,浇水;
(6)管理
水肥管理:
每年施肥3次,至少在春茶收获前和夏茶收获前各施加一次叶面肥;栽培过程中,定期浇水保持土壤湿润,以无积水为准;
所述叶面肥按重量份数计,包括以下组分:氨基酸叶面肥15份、磷酸二氢钾5份、四甲基戊二酸1份、茶叶提取液60份;
病虫害防治:
采取生物防治措施,在茶园栽种地养殖有益生物;同时周期性间隔喷洒天然物质提取的杀虫剂;在采茶前一周再喷施一次杀虫剂;
所述杀虫剂按重量份数计,包括以下组分:苦瓜15份、大蒜15份、樟叶1份、紫罗兰3份;
定期全面检测茶园,清除虫卵、减除残枝、清除病叶。
实施例2
一种茶树的种植方法,包括以下内容:
(1)茶种处理
采集成熟饱满、开裂的茶果,将茶果置于光照下晾晒7d,晾晒至茶果产生多半裂口后去果皮,置于阴凉处将种子阴干至含水量约为10%,在室温下用水浸泡种子5d,然后取出去除种皮,采用沙藏的方式进行保存,沙藏温度控制在15℃,沙藏时间为27d;
(2)浸种
育种时将沙藏的种子取出,并清洗表面,然后置于浸种溶液中,浸泡5h;待结束后取出阴干,再次浸泡于新鲜的浸种溶液中,浸泡2.5h;
所述浸种溶液按重量份数计,包括以下组分制得:细胞分裂素0.08份、硝酸钾0.05份、α-萘乙酸0.3份、吲哚乙酸0.5份、复硝酚钠0.1份、葡萄糖6份、N,N二甲基甲酰胺0.3份、高锰酸钾0.3份;
(3)选地
选择远离城市、工业区和污染源之外的山区,对园地进行大气、水和土壤的测试,确保其符合无公害茶叶的生产要求;选地后进行深耕,并对深耕土壤进行消毒,所述消毒为撒入石灰和浇水的方式,再经过翻耕以后施肥,起出部分施肥的土壤备用,然后起垄制作育苗的苗床;
(4)育苗
将经(2)中处理后的种子播撒在苗床上,种子间距在20×20mm为宜;再将预先起出的土壤覆盖在苗床上,再覆盖薄膜或稻草,浇透水,待当苗出齐时,去除覆盖物,再次浇水继续育苗;
(5)移栽
将(4)中育苗完成后的茶树苗移栽在所选栽种地,栽种地挖取种植沟,每隔2-3m挖一条宽约45cm、深约50cm的种植沟,在沟中铺洒农家肥基肥,在种植沟中,间隔80cm挖栽种坑,栽种坑深20cm;茶树苗起苗后在根部保留有保护土球,将茶树苗栽种于栽种坑内,覆土填埋,在栽种坑表面覆盖薄膜或稻草,浇水;
(6)管理
水肥管理:
每年施肥4次,至少在春茶收获前和夏茶收获前各施加一次叶面肥,,剩下两次根据长势情况进行施肥;栽培过程中,定期浇水保持土壤湿润,以无积水为准;
所述叶面肥按重量份数计,包括以下组分:氨基酸叶面肥25份、磷酸二氢钾7份、四甲基戊二酸5份、茶叶提取液85份;
病虫害防治:
采取生物防治措施,在茶园栽种地养殖有益生物;同时周期性间隔喷洒天然物质提取的杀虫剂;在采茶前一周再喷施一次杀虫剂;
所述杀虫剂按重量份数计,包括以下组分:苦瓜25份、大蒜18份、樟叶6份、紫罗兰7份;
定期全面检测茶园,清除虫卵、减除残枝、清除病叶。
实施例3
一种茶树的种植方法,包括以下内容:
(1)茶种处理
采集成熟饱满、开裂的茶果,将茶果置于光照下晾晒10d,晾晒至茶果产生多半裂口后去果皮,置于阴凉处将种子阴干至含水量约为8%,在室温下用水浸泡种子7d,然后取出去除种皮,采用沙藏的方式进行保存,沙藏温度控制在18℃,沙藏时间为30d;
(2)浸种
育种时将沙藏的种子取出,并清洗表面,然后置于浸种溶液中,浸泡6h;待结束后取出阴干,再次浸泡于新鲜的浸种溶液中,浸泡3h;
所述浸种溶液按重量份数计,包括以下组分制得:细胞分裂素0.1份、硝酸钾0.06份、α-萘乙酸0.5份、吲哚乙酸0.7份、复硝酚钠0.2份、葡萄糖8份、N,N二甲基甲酰胺0.5份、高锰酸钾0.5份;
(3)选地
选择远离城市、工业区和污染源之外的山区,对园地进行大气、水和土壤的测试,确保其符合无公害茶叶的生产要求;选地后进行深耕,并对深耕土壤进行消毒,所述消毒为撒入石灰和浇水的方式,再经过翻耕以后施肥,起出部分施肥的土壤备用,然后起垄制作育苗的苗床;
(4)育苗
将经(2)中处理后的种子播撒在苗床上,种子间距在20×20mm为宜;再将预先起出的土壤覆盖在苗床上,再覆盖薄膜或稻草,浇透水,待当苗出齐时,去除覆盖物,再次浇水继续育苗;
(5)移栽
将(4)中育苗完成后的茶树苗移栽在所选栽种地,栽种地挖取种植沟,每隔2-3m挖一条宽约45cm、深约50cm的种植沟,在沟中铺洒农家肥基肥,在种植沟中,间隔85cm挖栽种坑,栽种坑深25cm;茶树苗起苗后在根部保留有保护土球,将茶树苗栽种于栽种坑内,覆土填埋,在栽种坑表面覆盖薄膜或稻草,浇水;
(6)管理
水肥管理:
每年施肥2次,在春茶收获前和夏茶收获前各施加一次叶面肥;栽培过程中,定期浇水保持土壤湿润,以无积水为准;
所述叶面肥按重量份数计,包括以下组分:氨基酸叶面肥30份、磷酸二氢钾10份、四甲基戊二酸8份、茶叶提取液100份;
病虫害防治:
采取生物防治措施,在茶园栽种地养殖有益生物;同时周期性间隔喷洒天然物质提取的杀虫剂;在采茶前一周再喷施一次杀虫剂;
所述杀虫剂按重量份数计,包括以下组分:苦瓜30份、大蒜20份、樟叶10份、紫罗兰9份;
定期全面检测茶园,清除虫卵、减除残枝、清除病叶。
实施例4
一种茶树的种植方法,包括以下内容:
(1)茶种处理
采集成熟饱满、开裂的茶果,将茶果置于光照下晾晒10d,晾晒至茶果产生多半裂口后去果皮,置于阴凉处将种子阴干至含水量约为8%,在室温下用水浸泡种子7d,然后取出去除种皮,采用沙藏的方式进行保存,沙藏温度控制在18℃,沙藏时间为30d;
(2)浸种
育种时将沙藏的种子取出,并清洗表面,然后置于浸种溶液中,浸泡6h;待结束后取出阴干,再次浸泡于新鲜的浸种溶液中,浸泡3h;
所述浸种溶液按重量份数计,包括以下组分制得:细胞分裂素0.1份、硝酸钾0.06份、α-萘乙酸0.5份、吲哚乙酸0.7份、复硝酚钠0.2份、葡萄糖8份、N,N二甲基甲酰胺0.5份、高锰酸钾0.5份;
(3)选地
选择远离城市、工业区和污染源之外的山区,对园地进行大气、水和土壤的测试,确保其符合无公害茶叶的生产要求;选地后进行深耕,并对深耕土壤进行消毒,所述消毒为撒入石灰和浇水的方式,再经过翻耕以后施肥,起出部分施肥的土壤备用,然后起垄制作育苗的苗床;
(4)育苗
将经(2)中处理后的种子播撒在苗床上,种子间距在20×20mm为宜;再将预先起出的土壤覆盖在苗床上,再覆盖薄膜或稻草,浇透水,待当苗出齐时,去除覆盖物,再次浇水继续育苗;
(5)移栽
将(4)中育苗完成后的茶树苗移栽在所选栽种地,栽种地挖取种植沟,每隔2-3m挖一条宽约45cm、深约50cm的种植沟,在沟中铺洒农家肥基肥,在种植沟中,间隔85cm挖栽种坑,栽种坑深25cm;茶树苗起苗后在根部保留有保护土球,将茶树苗栽种于栽种坑内,覆土填埋,在栽种坑表面覆盖薄膜或稻草,浇水;
(6)管理
水肥管理:
每年施肥2次,在春茶收获前和夏茶收获前各施加一次叶面肥;栽培过程中,定期浇水保持土壤湿润,以无积水为准;
所述叶面肥按重量份数计,包括以下组分:氨基酸叶面肥30份、磷酸二氢钾10份、四甲基戊二酸8份、茶叶提取液100份;
病虫害防治:
采取生物防治措施,在茶园栽种地养殖有益生物;同时周期性间隔喷洒天然物质提取的杀虫剂;在采茶前一周再喷施一次杀虫剂;
所述杀虫剂按重量份数计,包括以下组分:苦瓜30份、大蒜20份、樟叶10份、紫罗兰9份;
定期全面检测茶园,清除虫卵、减除残枝、清除病叶。
对比例1
该对比例为实施例1的对比例,实施例1采用沙藏的方式,本对比例茶种采用冷藏室进行储藏,时长均相同,其余步骤与实施例1相同,统计制得的普通绿茶干茶重量。
对比例2
该对比例为实施例1的对比例,区别在于浸种采用细胞分裂素0.05份、α-萘乙酸0.1份、吲哚乙酸0.2份、葡萄糖3份、高锰酸钾0.1份的组合。
对比例3
该对比例为实施例1的对比例,浸种仅一次浸种,不含再次浸种处理。
统计实施例1-4,对比例1-3栽种的茶叶的产量,如表1。
表1不同方法种植的茶叶产量
亩产干茶叶(kg) | |
实施例1 | 113.2 |
实施例2 | 109.5 |
实施例3 | 118.9 |
实施例4 | 114.3 |
对比例1 | 47.3 |
对比例2 | 45.8 |
对比例3 | 49.2 |
其中,实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4统计的为陕南地区汉中茶树,以绿茶总量计,以该地为例仙毫占比大约在20%,高档毛尖、炒青占比大约为40%,中低档炒青占比大约40%,进而可推导相应的各类品质的茶产量。
统计发现,实施例1-4栽种茶树长势要好于对比例1-3栽种的茶树,对比例1和3相差不大,略好于对比例2所栽种的茶树。
以实施例2为例,设置对照组,技术方案参照实施例1设置的对比例1-3,产量分为100.2kg,97.3kg和98.8kg,产量提高达6%以上。
本申请所述茶树均为7年生以上的茶树,相对的对照组为该地相邻产地的茶树。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种茶树的种植方法,其特征在于,包括以下内容:
(1)茶种处理
采集茶果,将茶果置于光照下晾晒,晾晒后去果皮,置于阴凉处将种子阴干,在室温下用水浸泡种子,然后取出去除种皮,采用沙藏的方式进行保存,备用;
(2)浸种
育种时将沙藏的种子取出,并清洗表面,然后置于浸种溶液中浸泡处理;待结束后取出阴干,再次浸泡于新鲜的浸种溶液中,备用;
(3)选地
选择符合无公害茶叶的生产要求的土地;选地后进行深耕,并对深耕土壤进行消毒,再经过翻耕以后施肥,起出部分施肥的土壤备用,然后起垄制作育苗的苗床;
(4)育苗
将经(2)中处理后的种子播撒在苗床上;再将预先起出的土壤覆盖在苗床上,再覆盖薄膜或稻草,浇透水,待当苗出齐时,去除覆盖物,再次浇水继续育苗;
(5)移栽
将(4)中育苗完成后的茶树苗移栽在所选栽种地,栽种地挖取种植沟,在沟中铺洒基肥,在种植沟中挖栽种坑;茶树苗起苗后在根部保留有保护土球,将茶树苗栽种于栽种坑内,覆土填埋,在栽种坑表面覆盖薄膜或稻草,浇水;
(6)管理
水肥管理:
每年施肥多次,至少在春茶收获前和夏茶收获前各施加一次叶面肥;栽培过程中,定期浇水保持土壤湿润,以无积水为准;
病虫害防治:
采取生物防治措施,在茶园栽种地养殖有益生物;同时周期性间隔喷洒天然物质提取的杀虫剂;在采茶前一周再喷施一次杀虫剂;
定期全面检测茶园,清除虫卵、减除残枝、清除病叶。
2.根据权利要求1所述茶树的种植方法,其特征在于:(1)中,采集成熟饱满、开裂的茶果,将茶果置于光照下晾晒5-10d后,表面有大量的裂口后去除果皮,然后在置于阴凉处将种子阴干至含水量低于13%,在室温下用水浸泡种子4-7d;沙藏温度控制在15-18℃,沙藏时间为25-30d。
3.根据权利要求1所述茶树的种植方法,其特征在于:(2)中,所述浸种溶液按重量份数计,包括以下组分制得:细胞分裂素0.05-0.1份、硝酸钾0.01-0.06份、α-萘乙酸0.1-0.5份、吲哚乙酸0.2-0.7份、复硝酚钠0.05-0.2份、葡萄糖3-8份、N,N二甲基甲酰胺0.1-0.5份、高锰酸钾0.1-0.5份。
4.根据权利要求1所述茶树的种植方法,其特征在于:(2)中,一次浸泡时长为4-6h;二次浸泡时长为2-3h。
5.根据权利要求1所述茶树的种植方法,其特征在于:(3)中,所述消毒处理指的是撒入石灰,使其与土壤混合并浇水。
6.根据权利要求1所述茶树的种植方法,其特征在于:(5)中,所述种植沟间隔2-3m设置,在种植沟中,间隔75-85cm挖栽种坑,栽种坑深15-25cm;所述基肥采用农家肥。
7.根据权利要求1所述茶树的种植方法,其特征在于:(6)中,所述叶面肥按重量份数计,包括以下组分:氨基酸叶面肥15-30份、磷酸二氢钾5-10份、四甲基戊二酸1-8份、茶叶提取液60-100份。
8.根据权利要求1所述茶树的种植方法,其特征在于:(6)中,所述杀虫剂按重量份数计,包括以下组分:苦瓜15-30份、大蒜15-20份、樟叶1-10份、紫罗兰3-9份。
9.根据权利要求1所述茶树的种植方法,其特征在于:(6)中,所述杀虫剂按重量份数计,包括以下组分:苦瓜25份、大蒜18份、樟叶6份、紫罗兰7份。
10.如权利要求1-9任一所述茶树的种植方法种植得到的茶叶。
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