CN111490705A - H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design - Google Patents
H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
- H02P7/03—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for controlling the direction of rotation of DC motors
- H02P7/04—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for controlling the direction of rotation of DC motors by means of a H-bridge circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
- H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
- H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
- H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of embedded system design, electronic circuit design, H-bridge circuit design and control methods, in particular to an H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design which can realize forward and reverse reversing control, speed regulation and protection control functions of a high-power direct-current motor. The system comprises an MCU100 main control unit, a photoelectric isolation unit 200, an H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300, an H-bridge driving unit 400, a hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit and a voltage acquisition protection unit 600. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the problems that in the prior art, H-bridge control logic is easy to make mistakes, and the pin state is uncertain during the reset of a single chip microcomputer, so that the same arm is conducted to form short circuit are solved; and the problems of bridge arm constitution of the high-power H bridge and difficulty in on-line current detection of high power are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of embedded system design, electronic circuit design, H-bridge circuit design and control methods, in particular to H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design.
Background
The H bridge is often applied to inverter current and direct current motor control circuits, and the direct current motor driving and control speed regulating circuit can be widely applied to driving and control application systems of high-power direct current motors. The H-bridge firstly needs to solve the same-arm conduction problem, as shown in the schematic diagram of the H-bridge circuit shown in fig. 1, the H-bridge is composed of four bridge arms, each of which is composed of a switching device and a control loop, a left upper bridge arm switch K1 and a control end CTR1, a right upper bridge arm switch K2 and a control end CTR2, a right lower bridge arm switch K3 and a control end CTR3, and a left lower bridge arm switch K4 and a control end CTR 4. K1 and K3 are closed while K2 and K4 are open, forming a forward loop. K1 and K3 are open while K2 and K4 are closed, forming a reverse loop. The problem that the control logic is in failure or the pin state is uncertain during the reset of the single chip microcomputer can cause the conduction of the same arm to form a short circuit.
Secondly, the high-power H bridge aims to solve the problem of the formation of a bridge arm, and common switching devices of the bridge arm comprise a relay, a triode, an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube, an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) and the like. The relay belongs to a mechanical device, the switching frequency is limited, and the switching speed is slow. The MOS transistor belongs to a voltage drive type device, for the NMOS, the saturation conduction of the NMOS can be realized as long as the gate voltage is higher than the source voltage, the energy loss of the MOS transistor on and off is only the charge and discharge of a parasitic capacitor between the gate and the source, and the requirement on the drive end of the MOS transistor is not high. Meanwhile, the MOS end can output large current, so that the MOS end can be used in places requiring large current.
In the H-bridge composed of NMOS transistors, the problem of "floating" at point a (i.e., the S-pole of the upper transistor) must be solved in order to open the upper transistor of the H-bridge composed of NMOS transistors. Since the S pole of an NMOS is typically grounded, it is referred to as "floating". To turn on the top-tube NMOS, the top-tube G must be at a 10-15V voltage difference with respect to floating ground, which requires the use of a boost circuit.
The invention patent CN110112966a1 proposes an H-bridge control circuit, which is characterized in that the upper left and right arms of the bridge are composed of 1 intelligent power switch, and the lower left and right arms are composed of 1 NMOS transistor. The invention makes full use of the intelligent power switch to provide various detection functions. However, a solution for same-arm conduction is not provided, the current output by the H bridge is determined by 1 NMOS transistor, and the forward and reverse current detection of the motor needs to detect 2 points of the intelligent power switch respectively, so that a large number of resources are occupied.
The invention patent CN103872956B proposes that four bridge arms of an H-bridge are composed of a plurality of half-bridges connected in parallel, actually 2 half-bridges are connected in parallel. Each parallel half-bridge of the patent is controlled by an independent pin, and the occupied control pins are more. Meanwhile, the upper arm of the left bridge and the upper arm of the right bridge of the invention adopt N-channel MOS tubes, and both need to be controlled by a booster circuit, which is not mentioned in the invention, but only describes that the computing units '113' and '123' are transistors for controlling half bridges.
High-power online current detection is also a difficult problem of the current high-power H-bridge drive. The current detection of the invention patent CN110112966A1 is provided by an intelligent power switch, the detection current is small, the detection of the forward and reverse rotation current of the motor needs to detect 2 points of the intelligent power switch respectively, and the occupied resources are more.
In view of the above, a new H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed control circuit needs to be designed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design in order to make up for the defects in the prior art and fully utilize the mature advanced technology.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a design of an H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit comprises an MCU (microprogrammed control Unit) 100 main control unit, a photoelectric isolation unit 200, an H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300, an H-bridge drive unit 400, a hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit and a voltage acquisition protection unit 600, and a set of complete H-bridge drive and closed-loop control speed regulation system is formed.
Further, for better implementing the present invention, the MCU100 main control unit is a system control core, including 4 types of modules, which implement closed-loop control of the system by using programs and algorithms, the first type of module is PWM pulse width modulation output module PWM101 and PWM102, which mainly function to implement driving and speed regulation control of the left and right lower arms of the hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit through a post-stage circuit, the second type of module is GPIO general IO port output module RE L103, which mainly (1) implements control of the upper arm, i.e., parallel relay group, of the hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit, and (2) generates driving signals of the hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit through the H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300 together with the PWM101 and PWM102, to implement short-circuit protection of the H-bridge, the third type of module is an ADC digital-to-analog conversion input module, which functions to sample voltage signals at 3 characteristic points VDD, M + and M-from the hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit after being processed by the voltage acquisition protection unit 600, thereby obtaining voltage signals at the forward circuit of the H-bridge 500 unit, when the left or right-bridge is closed, it may calculate a current control command, and compare the current control system with other intelligent control system control modules, which may receive a simple and receive a direct current control command, and a direct current control system with a direct current control system.
Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the optoelectronic isolation unit is composed of three independent optoelectronic isolation circuits 201, 202 and 203, receives inputs of PWM101, PWM102 and RE L103 from the MCU100 main control unit, and outputs OPT201, OPT202 and RE L203 to the rear stage unit H-bridge short circuit protection logic unit 300 after optoelectronic isolation, the MCU100 main control unit is a system control core, and its control program and sampling detection operation are easily affected by external interference to "run away".
Further, for better implementing the present invention, the H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300 is composed of 7 logic gate circuits, which are respectively composed of a not gate 301, a two-input nand gate 302, two-input and gates 306 and 307, a three-input or gate 303, a three-input nand gate 304 and a three-input and gate 305, the H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300 is used for generating output RRO301 and RRO302 with an interlock function by independent control signals PWM101, PWM102 and RE L103 through the logic gate circuits, thereby avoiding the occurrence of the fault of the same arm conduction power supply short circuit of the hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit from the aspect of circuit hardware.
Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the H-bridge driving unit 400 has three independent driving circuits 401, 402 and 403, each driving circuit has the same basic structure and is composed of a triode and a PMOS transistor, and circuit parameters are different according to different driving requirements, which is used for converting the outputs PRO301, PRO302 and RE L203 of the H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300 into a left-bridge lower-arm control signal C1, a right-bridge lower-arm control signal C2 and an upper-bridge-arm control signal RE L C of the hybrid H-bridge 500 unit to implement H-bridge driving and speed-adjusting control.
Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the upper left and right arms of the hybrid H-bridge 500 unit are formed by a single-pole double-throw parallel relay set 501, and the lower left and right arms are formed by parallel NMOS tube sets 502 and 503. 500 the advantages of the relay and the NMOS tube can be fully exerted by the configuration, and the 'floating ground problem' when the electronic switch is used by the upper bridge arm is solved by the relay. The control signal can directly use the switching value, a booster circuit and a bootstrap capacitor are avoided, the pulse width can reach 100%, and the output of the upper bridge arm control signal is simplified. The NMOS tube of the lower bridge arm is simple to control compared with PMOS, PWM speed regulation control can be realized, and the bridge arms in parallel connection greatly improve the output current of the H bridge.
Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the voltage acquisition protection unit 600 is composed of three independent conditioning circuits 601, 602, and 603 with the same structure, and circuit parameters are different according to different sampling voltages. The output current of the H-bridge is obtained by an indirect method, that is, the voltage acquisition and protection unit 600 conditions the voltages at three characteristic points VDD, M + and M-of the hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit into the input signal of the ADC module of the MCU100 main control unit, and after sampling and processing by the main control unit, the voltage difference of the upper arm of the H-bridge is calculated, and the real-time forward current or reverse current is calculated according to the closed resistance of the upper arm. Compared with the series resistance method, the output current is large. Compared with the current mutual inductance method, the structure is simple and the cost is low.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can be widely applied to a driving and controlling application system of a high-power direct current motor, and the communication interface of the MCU100 main control unit in the invention can communicate with other external intelligent equipment, receive an external control command and input the working state parameter information of an H bridge; the photoelectric isolation unit 200 isolates the MCU100 main control unit from the rear-stage unit, so that the working reliability of the MCU is improved, an IO port is in a floating input state during the reset period of the MCU, the reset period of the MCU is converted into a determined low level, and the input and the output of a photoelectric coupling circuit are in the same phase when the MCU normally works; the design of the H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300 can avoid the short-circuit phenomenon caused by the conduction of the same arm of the H-bridge; the H-bridge driving unit 400 can realize dc motor control and speed regulation functions; the hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit can fully exert the advantages of a relay and an NMOS tube, the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm are simple to control, a booster circuit on the upper arm of the H-bridge is avoided, PWM speed regulation control can be realized, and the bridge arms in parallel connection structure greatly improve the output current of the H-bridge; the voltage acquisition protection unit 600 obtains the output current of the H bridge by adopting an indirect method, and compared with a series resistance current measurement method, the voltage acquisition protection unit overcomes the problems that a detection circuit has high requirement on the accuracy of the series resistance and consumes large power when measuring large direct current, and compared with a current mutual inductance method, the voltage acquisition protection unit has a simple structure and is low in cost.
The invention solves the problems that in the prior art, H bridge control logic is easy to make mistakes, and the pin state is uncertain during the reset of a single chip microcomputer, so that the same arm is conducted to form short circuit; and the problems of bridge arm constitution of the high-power H bridge and difficulty in on-line current detection of high power are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall structural diagram of the H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed control circuit design of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photoelectric isolation unit designed for the H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit designed for the H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an H-bridge drive unit designed by the H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid H-bridge unit designed for the H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed control circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a voltage acquisition protection unit designed for the H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1-6 show an embodiment of the present invention, which is an H-bridge drive and closed-loop throttle control circuit design.
As shown in figure 1, the upper left bridge arm and the upper right bridge arm of the hybrid circuit H bridge 500 unit are formed by time sharing of a single-pole double-throw parallel relay group 501, the lower left bridge arm and the lower right bridge arm are formed by parallel structure NMOS tube groups 502 and 503 respectively, two ends of a Coil of each relay are respectively connected with PIN5 and PIN5, PIN1 and PIN2 are common ends COM, PIN3 is a normally closed contact NC, a network label of a circuit schematic diagram is M +. PIN4 is a normally open contact NO, a network label of the circuit schematic diagram is M-. a common end COM of the upper bridge arm is connected with a positive electrode of an H bridge power supply, a common end S of the lower bridge arm NMOS tube group is connected with the ground, the normally closed contact NC and the normally open contact NO of the relay are controlled by the Coil of the relay, a Coil control power supply of the Coil is RE L C, each Coil of the relay is connected with 1 diode in parallel, the function of releasing residual energy when the Coil is cut off, when the Coil Coil closes the normally open contact NO, the normally open contact represents the left bridge, when the upper arm is closed, the normally closed contact, the upper arm NC represents the normally open contact, the normally closed contact, when the left bridge is open contact, the right bridge represents the normally closed contact, the normally closed contact represents the normally closed contact, the left.
The advantages of the H-bridge upper left arm and the H-bridge upper right arm formed by adopting the single-pole double-throw parallel relay set 501 in a time-sharing manner are more prominent: 1. the structure is simple, the cost is low, the occupied area of the PCB is small, and the cost and the size of the PCB are greatly saved. 2. The relay is simple to control. The H-bridge left and right bridge upper arms can be realized by adopting MOS tubes in principle. The PMOS tube is convenient to realize high-end driving, but has large on-resistance, small working current, high cost and few selectable types. Therefore, in high-side driving, an NMOS transistor is generally used. The conduction of the NMOS transistor requires a gate voltage 10-15V higher than a source voltage, and the S pole of the NMOS is generally grounded and is called floating. To open the upper arm NMOS of the H-bridge, the G-pole of the upper tube must have a voltage difference of 10-15V with respect to the floating ground, which requires a voltage boosting circuit, and the control circuit is complicated. The relay is adopted as the upper bridge arm to avoid the situation.
The control power supplies of the NMOS tube groups 502 and 503 with the parallel structure are respectively C1 and C2, the sizes of C1 and C2 are equal, the H bridge power supply VDD, the relay group working power supply RE L C and the NMOS tube driving C1 are independent of each other, the sizes of the H bridge power supply VDD and the relay group working power supply RE L C can be the same or different, and the flexibility of H bridge power supply is improved.
The parallel structure NMOS tube groups 502 and 503 are formed by connecting any number of NMOS tubes and driving circuits thereof in parallel, and the structures of 502 and 503 are completely the same except the number of NMOS tubes. In the example implementation, a left bridge lower arm is taken as an example, the left bridge lower arm is formed by connecting X NMOS transistors and driving circuits thereof in parallel, and X =4 is taken as an example in the figure. Q13~ Q16 are NMOS tubes, the S stage of source of the NMOS tube is directly connected in parallel and then connected with GND, the D stage of drain is directly connected in parallel and then connected with normally closed contact NC, namely the network label M + of the circuit schematic diagram.
The grid G stage of each NMOS tube is connected with a 15V protection voltage regulator tube to GND, namely D24-D27 in a circuit schematic diagram, and the protection diode mainly plays a role in protecting the grid of the NMOS tube and preventing the NMOS tube from being conducted by mistake. The gate of the NMOS tube of the lower bridge arm can also be protected by a pull-down resistor, namely a GS resistor. However, if the GS resistance is too small, the NMOS transistor driving current and driving power become large. If the resistance is too large, the turn-off time of the NMOS transistor is increased. Under some special application occasions, for example, a battery protection board with limitation on standby current, the resistance is often large or even not, so that the impedance of a grid electrode is higher, and higher static electricity is easily induced to damage the grid electrode of an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube and prevent the misconduction of the NMOS tube. The voltage-stabilizing tubes D24-D27 of 15V are adopted, so that the fault phenomenon can be avoided.
The gate G stage drive of each NMOS tube is respectively composed of a gate resistor and a gate diode which are connected in parallel, namely R45-R48 and D8-D11 in a circuit schematic diagram, each NMOS tube is driven by an independent gate resistor in an isolation mode, mainly parasitic oscillation of each MOS tube can be prevented, and a damping effect is achieved, the values of R45-R48 are limited by the condition that if the values are too small, parasitic oscillation of the NMOS tubes cannot be prevented, if the values are too large, the switching speed is slowed down, in addition, due to the fact that junction capacitance of each NMOS tube is slightly different, the conduction speed of each NMOS tube is larger due to the fact that the values are too large, R45-R48 can meet the switching speed under the condition that the parasitic oscillation of each NMOS tube can be prevented, the switching speed is reduced to the greatest extent, the action of the gate diode is accelerated to the turn-off speed of the NMOS tube, the turn-off time of the NMOS tube is slower than the turn-on time (charging and turn-off discharging) of the NMOS tube, a diode is reversely connected in parallel with the gate resistor, when the NMOS tube is turned-off, the gate resistor is connected in parallel, the bridge resistor is reduced, the turn-on time of the bridge resistor is shortened, the bridge resistor is shortened to reduce the bridge resistor, the bridge resistor is controlled to be in the open-off state of the bridge circuit when the bridge circuit of the bridge resistor No = 3, the NC 3, the.
When the H-bridge is in forward conduction, the conduction of the NMOS tube group 503 is controlled by the PWM pulse signal of C2, so that the forward rotation speed of the dc motor can be adjusted, and the larger the duty ratio of the PWM pulse signal is, the higher the rotation speed of the dc motor is; similarly, when the H-bridge is reversely turned on, the PWM pulse signal of C1 controls the on state of the NMOS tube group 502, so that the forward rotation speed of the dc motor can be adjusted, and the larger the duty ratio of the PWM pulse signal is, the higher the rotation speed of the dc motor is.
In the selection of device types and quantity, the unit circuit of the hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 requires that the total load current of the normally closed contacts NC of the parallel relay group forming the upper arm of the left bridge is consistent with the total drain direct current Id of the NMOS tube group 503 of the lower arm of the right bridge, and the total load current of the normally closed contacts NO of the parallel relay group forming the upper arm of the right bridge is consistent with the total drain direct current Id of the NMOS tube group 502 of the lower arm of the left bridge.
The GPIO general IO port output module RE L103 of the MCU100 outputs RE L through the 203 module of the photoelectric isolation unit 200. the PWM signal output modules PWM101 and PWM102 of the MCU100 output OPT201 and OPT202 through the 201 module and the 202 module of the photoelectric isolation unit 200 respectively.
The optoelectronic isolation unit 200 is used for isolating the output of the main control unit of the MCU100 from the rear-stage unit, and preventing the main control unit of the MCU100 from being damaged by interference of the rear-stage circuit or a program from flying off, the modules 201, 202 and 203 of the optoelectronic isolation unit 200 are independent from each other, and have the same structure and working principle, and the output and the input are in-phase, taking the module 201 as an example, the U1 is an optocoupler module and is composed of a light emitting diode and a photothyristor, the R1 is an optocoupler current-limiting resistor, the R4, R7 and the triode Q1 constitute an input circuit of the optocoupler, the input circuit working power voltage is VCC1 and is matched with the output signal PWM101 of the MCU100, the R10 constitutes an output circuit of the optocoupler, the working power voltage is VCC2 and is matched with the input requirement of the H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300, when the left-side input signal of the R4 resistor is "0", the triode Q1 is turned off, the U1 light emitting diode is turned off 6329 is turned on, the output of the photothyristor 3527 is turned on, the output of the photothyristor 11 is turned on, the photothyristor 102 is turned on, the output of the photothyristor 9 is turned on, the output of the photothyristor 11 is connected with the output of the photothyristor 11, the.
RE L203, OPT201 and OPT202 generate interlocked short-circuit protection outputs PRO301 and PRO302 through an H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300. RE L203, PRO301 and PRO302 finally generate a drive RE L C, a left lower arm drive signal C1 and a right lower arm drive signal C2 of a left upper arm and a right upper arm single-pole double-throw parallel relay set 501 of a hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit through an H-bridge drive unit 400, thereby realizing the drive and speed regulation control of the H-bridge and realizing the short-circuit protection of the H-bridge.
The H-bridge drive unit 400 unit is composed of 3 independent modules 401, 402 and 403, the 3 modules are independent of each other, and the structure and the working principle are completely the same, except that the circuit parameters are different. Taking the module 401 as an example, the driving module is composed of an input transistor Q9, an output PMOS power transistor Q5 and its auxiliary circuits. And the R30, the R38, the R26 and the transistor Q9 form an input circuit. The power tube Q5, R34 and the power supply VCC4 constitute an output circuit. VCC4 matches the left underbridge drive signal C1.
When the R30 resistor left side input signal is "0", the transistor Q1 is turned off, the power tube Q5 is turned off, C1= "0". when the R30 resistor left side input signal is "1", the transistor Q1 is turned on, and the power tube Q5 is turned on, C1= VCC4 = "1", therefore, the output and input of the H-bridge driving unit 400 are in phase, that is, the RE L203, the OPT201, and the OPT202 are in phase with the RE L C, C1 and the C2, respectively.
The H-bridge short protection logic 300 is illustrated in FIG. 3. according to the above analysis of the photo isolation unit 200 and the H-bridge driving unit 400, since RE L103 and RE L203 and RE L C, OPT201 and PWM102, OPT202 and PWM102, PRO201 and C1, and PRO202 and C2 are in phase, respectively, the H-bridge short protection logic 300 can be simplified to have RE L103, PWM101 and PWM102 as inputs and C1 and C2 as outputs, as shown in Table 2.
The first column of table 2 represents 3 sets of signals RE L103, PWM101 and PWM102 inputted by the H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300, the second column represents 2 sets of signals C1, C2 outputted by the H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300 and the operating state of the H-bridge, the third column represents the operating state of the H-bridge without the "H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300", i.e., C1= PWM101 and C2= PWM102, it can be seen from table 2 that the H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300 effectively prevents the H-bridge from being conducted in the same arm, which causes the problem of short circuit of the power supply VDD.
Finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The design of an H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit is characterized by comprising the following steps: the circuit comprises an MCU100 main control unit, a photoelectric isolation unit 200, an H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300, an H-bridge driving unit 400, a hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit and a voltage acquisition protection unit 600.
2. The H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design of claim 1, wherein:
the MCU100 main control unit has 2 paths of PWM signal outputs, namely PWM101 and PWM102, 1 path of universal control output RE L103, 3 paths of analog-to-digital conversion inputs, namely ADC104, ADC105 and ADC106, and 1 communication interface COM 107;
the 2 paths of PWM signals and the 1 path of general control output generate a left bridge lower arm driving signal C1 and a left bridge lower arm driving signal C2 of a hybrid circuit H bridge 500 unit through the photoelectric isolation unit 200, the H bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300 and the H bridge driving unit 400;
after voltage signals at three key points VDD, M + and M-of the H bridge are processed by the voltage acquisition protection unit 600, the voltage signals are respectively input into 3 paths of analog-to-digital conversion inputs of the MCU100 main control unit; the MCU100 main control unit obtains the voltage difference of the upper arm of the H bridge through AD conversion, and calculates the real-time current according to the contact resistance of the relay of the upper arm;
the communication interface of the MCU100 main control unit may communicate with other external smart devices, receive external control commands, and input the operating state parameter information of the H-bridge.
3. The H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design of claim 1, wherein:
the photoelectric isolation unit 200 is composed of 3 independent photoelectric coupling circuits, and can realize the following function of isolating the main control unit and the rear-stage unit of the MCU100 and improving the working reliability of the MCU; the IO port is in a floating input state during MCU reset, and the MCU reset period is converted into a determined low level; when the MCU normally works, the input and the output of the photoelectric coupling circuit are in phase.
4. The H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design of claim 1, wherein:
the H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300 converts 2 paths of PWM signals and 1 path of PWM signals of the MCU100 main control unit after photoelectric isolation into mutually exclusive control signals RRO301 and PRO302 of H by using a logic gate circuit, and generates H-bridge driving C1 and C2 by using 401 and 402 of the H-bridge driving unit 400, thereby preventing the H-bridge from being short-circuited due to conduction of the same arm.
5. The H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design of claim 1, wherein:
the H-bridge driving unit 400 converts the output of the H-bridge short-circuit protection logic unit 300 into a control signal of the hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit, thereby realizing the dc motor control and speed regulation functions.
6. The H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design of claim 1, wherein:
the upper arm of the hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit is formed by a single-pole double-throw parallel relay set 501, and the left lower arm and the right lower arm of the hybrid circuit H-bridge 500 unit are formed by parallel NMOS tube sets 502 and 503.
7. The H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design of claim 6, wherein:
the hybrid H-bridge 500 unit is shown,
the relay control coils are connected in parallel, one end of each coil is connected with GND, and the other end of each coil is connected with a 403 module output control signal RE L C of the H-bridge driving unit 400;
the right bridge lower arm 503 forming the forward loop is formed by connecting Y NMOS tubes and driving circuits thereof in parallel; the left lower bridge arm 502 forming the reverse loop is formed by connecting X number of NMOS transistors and their driving circuits in parallel; when the required forward drive current and the reverse drive current are the same, X = Y; and when different, X < Y >.
8. The H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design of claim 6, wherein:
the single-pole double-throw parallel relay set 501 realizes the upper arm of the left bridge and the upper arm of the right bridge of the H bridge in a time-sharing mode, the control signal can directly use the switching value, a booster circuit and a bootstrap capacitor are avoided, and the pulse width can reach 100%.
9. The H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design of claim 7, wherein:
the left bridge lower arm is formed by connecting X NMOS tubes in parallel, the drains of the NMOS tubes are connected with M + and the sources of the NMOS tubes are connected with GND in parallel, and a 15V protection voltage stabilizing tube (D24-D27) is connected between the drain and the GND of each NMOS tube and used for protecting the grid electrode of the NMOS tube and preventing the NMOS tube from being conducted mistakenly; the gate of each NMOS is connected with the left lower bridge arm driving C1 through respective gate resistors (R145-R148) and gate diodes (D8-D11).
10. The H-bridge drive and closed-loop speed regulation control circuit design of claim 1, wherein:
the voltage acquisition protection unit 600 acquires voltages at three key points VDD, M + and M-of the H bridge, the main control unit obtains the voltage difference of the upper arm of the H bridge through AD conversion, and the real-time current is calculated according to the contact resistance of the relay on the upper arm of the H bridge.
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