CN111490314A - Liquid crystal phase shifter with continuously adjustable phase and adjusting and controlling method - Google Patents
Liquid crystal phase shifter with continuously adjustable phase and adjusting and controlling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111490314A CN111490314A CN202010115191.1A CN202010115191A CN111490314A CN 111490314 A CN111490314 A CN 111490314A CN 202010115191 A CN202010115191 A CN 202010115191A CN 111490314 A CN111490314 A CN 111490314A
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- microwave dielectric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
- H01P1/184—Strip line phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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- Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a phase continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter and a regulating method thereof, which sequentially comprise an upper shell, a microwave dielectric plate and a lower shell from top to bottom, wherein the lower shell is paved with liquid crystal towards the center of one surface of the microwave dielectric plate, the periphery of the liquid crystal is surrounded by a rubber frame, the microwave dielectric plate is printed with a microstrip transmission line, and the microstrip transmission line comprises a liquid crystal material transmission section positioned in the middle and microwave material transmission sections positioned at two ends of the liquid crystal material transmission section. The adjusting and controlling method can form the effect of a band-pass filter by optimizing and selecting interdigital capacitance parameters on two sides, cut off signals outside a required frequency band, and simultaneously cut off direct current bias signals from a microstrip transmission line segment, so that interference caused by the direct current signals is avoided. The invention realizes phase shift in the range of 180 degrees, wider working frequency band and lower insertion loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a liquid crystal phase shifter with continuously adjustable phase and a regulating method, belonging to the technical field of phase shifters.
Background
The phase shifter is widely applied to the fields of phased array radars, instruments and meters, mobile communication and the like as a common microwave device. The phase shifter essentially controls the electrical length of a signal transmission path, thereby causing the transmission delay of a signal and further realizing the phase delay meeting the requirement.
Traditional phase shifter often can only realize fixed phase control, and the phased array antenna who realizes intelligent beam control often requires to move looks ware and possesses continuously adjustable phase deviation, and phase continuously adjustable moves looks ware and has two kinds of implementation methods usually: mechanical phase modulation and electronic phase modulation. The former has high phase-shifting precision but low speed, is difficult to meet the application field of phased array antennas, and is mainly used for mobile communication antennas. The latter mostly adopts materials with dielectric constants controlled by bias voltage, such as ferroelectric materials or liquid crystal materials, and adjusts the electric length of the transmission line by continuously changing the bias voltage of the medium, thereby realizing the continuous regulation and control of the phase. At present, researchers pay more attention to expanding the phase shift range and improving the response speed in the research on the liquid crystal phase shifter, however, the technical difficulties are more limited by the properties of the liquid crystal material. Based on the existing liquid crystal material technical state and production process, the liquid crystal phase shifter still has the defects and technical difficulties of narrow working bandwidth and high insertion loss.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a phase continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter and a control method thereof, which can realize a wider frequency band and a low insertion loss, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a phase continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter comprises an upper shell, a microwave dielectric plate, liquid crystal and a lower shell from top to bottom, wherein the upper shell and the lower shell are of metal structures or nonmetal structures subjected to surface metallization treatment;
the center of one surface of the lower shell facing the microwave dielectric plate is paved with liquid crystal,
the periphery of the lower shell surrounding the liquid crystal is provided with a rubber frame, a cavity for containing the liquid crystal is formed in the rubber frame, and the rubber frame is bonded with the lower shell and the microwave dielectric plate;
the microwave dielectric plate is printed with a microstrip transmission line, the microstrip transmission line comprises a liquid crystal material transmission section positioned in the middle and microwave material transmission sections positioned at two ends of the liquid crystal material transmission section,
the microwave dielectric plate is characterized in that a rectangular groove is formed in the surface of one side, facing the microwave dielectric plate, of the upper shell, the rectangular groove extends to the other end from one end of the upper shell, and after the upper shell is covered with the microwave dielectric plate, the microstrip transmission line is located below the rectangular groove.
Furthermore, a microstrip transmission line segment, an interdigital capacitor segment, a microstrip switching segment and a direct current bias line are printed on one side of the microwave dielectric plate facing the upper shell, a gradually-changed microstrip segment is printed on one side of the microwave dielectric plate facing the lower shell, the width of the gradually-changed microstrip segment is gradually reduced from the middle to the two output ends, and the gradually-changed microstrip segment is tightly attached to the liquid crystal;
the microstrip transition section is connected with the gradually-changed microstrip section through a metalized through hole.
Furthermore, two microstrip transmission line segments are symmetrically arranged at the positions close to the edges of the two sides of the microwave dielectric plate,
one end of each microstrip transmission line segment facing the center of the microwave dielectric slab is connected with an interdigital capacitor segment,
one end of each interdigital capacitor section facing to the center of the microwave dielectric plate is connected with a microstrip switching section,
the gradually-changed microstrip section is positioned in the center of the microwave dielectric slab, and two ends of the gradually-changed microstrip section are respectively connected with corresponding ends of the microstrip switching sections on the opposite sides through metalized through holes.
Furthermore, the direct current bias line is led out from the connecting end of the gradually-changed microstrip section and the microstrip switching section and extends to the edge of the microwave dielectric plate.
Furthermore, fences formed by metalized through holes are arranged on two sides of the microstrip transmission line in the length direction, and two ends of each fence are electrically connected with the upper shell and the lower shell of the corresponding end respectively.
Furthermore, a channel through which the direct current bias line passes is reserved in the fence.
Furthermore, when the upper shell and the lower shell are of non-metal structures with metalized surfaces, plastic parts with plated metal on the surfaces and the special-shaped PCB with copper coated on the surfaces are selected.
Furthermore, the microwave dielectric plate is made of a low-loss tangent microwave dielectric plate.
Furthermore, when no bias voltage is applied, the relative dielectric constant er is 3.6 and the tan delta is 0.01, when the bias voltage is changed in a bias mode, the er changes within a range of 3.6-5.6, and the glue is epoxy resin glue with the er being 4.4 and the tan delta being 0.005.
The method for regulating and controlling the liquid crystal phase shifter with the continuously adjustable phase is based on the liquid crystal phase shifter with the continuously adjustable phase, and comprises the following steps:
by optimally selecting the interdigital capacitor parameters at two sides, the effect of a band-pass filter can be formed, so that signals outside a required frequency band are cut off, and meanwhile, direct-current bias signals can be cut off from a microstrip transmission line section, so that interference caused by direct-current signals is avoided, and the interdigital capacitor structure parameters at two ends and the shapes of the interdigital capacitors are consistent or inconsistent;
the bias voltage of the liquid crystal is controlled by the direct current bias line, so that the dielectric constant change of the liquid crystal material is controlled, the electrical length of the transmission line is further changed, and finally the phase offset of the signal is changed.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the effect of the band-pass filter can be formed by optimally selecting the parameters of the interdigital capacitors on the two sides, so that signals outside a required frequency band are cut off, and meanwhile, direct-current bias signals can be cut off from a microstrip transmission line section, so that interference caused by direct-current signals is avoided.
The bias voltage of the liquid crystal is controlled by the direct current bias line, so that the dielectric constant change of the liquid crystal material is controlled, the electrical length of the transmission line is further changed, and finally the phase offset of the signal is changed.
The microstrip gradual change layer closely attached to the liquid crystal realizes impedance matching of a broadband by adopting a width gradual change mode, reduces return loss caused by impedance mismatch, and points out that the gradual change mode can select a step line gradual change mode, a trapezoid gradual change mode, an index gradual change mode and the like.
In order to prevent signal leakage, fences formed by metalized through holes are arranged on two sides of the microstrip transmission line, and after assembly, the two ends of the metalized through holes of the fences are electrically connected with the upper shell and the lower shell of the corresponding ends.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the existing mature liquid crystal material, can realize a wider phase shift range, and simulation and test results show that the phase shift within a 180-degree range can be realized;
2. the invention can realize wider working frequency band, and simulation and test results show that the working relative bandwidth of the phase shifter reaches 20 percent;
3. the invention can realize lower insertion loss, and simulation and test results show that the insertion loss in the working frequency band of the phase shifter is not higher than 1 dB;
4. the invention has simple structure and mature process and is very beneficial to batch production.
Drawings
Figure 1 is an exploded view of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a longitudinal centerline position in an assembled state of the present invention,
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a widthwise middle line position in an assembled state of the present invention,
figure 4 is a view of the microwave dielectric slab of the present invention facing the upper shell,
figure 5 is a view of the microwave dielectric slab of the present invention facing the lower shell,
figure 6 is a front view of the invention in an assembled state,
figure 7 is an insertion loss frequency response curve for an embodiment of the present invention,
figure 8 is a phase shifted frequency response curve for an embodiment of the present invention,
in the figure: 1-upper casing, 2-microwave dielectric plate, 3-rubber frame, 4-lower casing, 5-rubber groove, 6-liquid crystal, 7-rectangular groove, 8-gap, 9-interdigital capacitor section, 10-microstrip transmission line section, 11-microstrip switching section, 12-fence, 13-metalized via hole, 14-direct current offset line, 15-gradual change microstrip section.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the phase continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter of the present invention comprises an upper shell 1, a microwave dielectric plate 2, a liquid crystal 6 and a lower shell 4 in sequence from top to bottom.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the liquid crystal 6 is embedded and encapsulated or flatly laid on the surface of one side of the lower shell 4 facing the microwave dielectric plate 2, and the specific form is that a liquid crystal pool is embedded and dug in the microwave dielectric plate 2, and the liquid crystal pool is filled with liquid crystal material to form the liquid crystal 6; or the liquid crystal 6 is flatly laid on the surface of the central position of the microwave dielectric plate 2, because the liquid crystal 6 is very thin, the height of the rubber frame 3 is slightly higher, and the liquid crystal 6 is left with a thickness margin.
The microwave dielectric plate 2 is tightly glued with the lower-layer shell 4 in a manner that a circle of glue groove 5 is dug in the periphery of the lower-layer shell 4 surrounding the liquid crystal pool, glue is filled in the glue groove 5, and the glue forms a glue frame 3 in the glue groove 5; or the glue frame 3 is directly adhered to the surface of the lower shell 4, the middle of the glue frame 3 is formed to form an accommodating cavity, the liquid crystal 6 is arranged in the glue frame to surround the liquid crystal 6, the glue frame 3 tightly glues the lower shell 4 and the microwave dielectric plate 2, and the glue frame 3 can also ensure that the liquid crystal 6 and the lower shell 4 are sealed.
In order to reduce the insertion loss, the core component of the microwave dielectric plate 2 liquid crystal phase shifter adopts a double-sided plate making process by selecting a microwave dielectric plate 2 material with low loss tangent. The microwave dielectric plate 2 is printed with a microstrip transmission line, a rectangular groove 7 is formed in the surface of one side, facing the microwave dielectric plate 2, of the upper shell 1, the rectangular groove 7 extends from one end of the upper shell 1 to the other end of the upper shell, and after the upper shell 1 and the microwave dielectric plate 2 are covered, the microstrip transmission line is located below the rectangular groove 7.
Referring to fig. 4, a microstrip transmission line segment 10, an interdigital capacitor segment 9, a microstrip transition segment 11 and a dc bias line 14 are printed on one side of the microwave dielectric plate 2 facing the upper shell 1, two microstrip transmission line segments 10 are symmetrically arranged at positions close to the edges of two sides of the microwave dielectric plate 2, one end of each microstrip transmission line segment 10 facing the center of the microwave dielectric plate 2 is connected with the interdigital capacitor segment 9, and one end of each interdigital capacitor segment 9 facing the center of the microwave dielectric plate 2 is connected with the microstrip transition segment 11.
Referring to fig. 5, a gradual change microstrip section 15 is printed at the center of one side of the microwave dielectric plate 2 facing the lower shell 4, the width of the gradual change microstrip section 15 gradually decreases from the middle to the two output ends, and the gradual change microstrip section 15 is tightly attached to the liquid crystal 6. The gradual change mode of the gradual change microstrip section 15 can be selected from gradual change of a step line, gradual change of a trapezoid, gradual change of an index and the like.
Two ends of the gradual change microstrip section 15 are respectively connected with corresponding ends of the microstrip transit sections 11 on the opposite sides through the metalized through holes 13.
The direct current bias line 14 is led out from the connecting end of the gradual change microstrip section 15 and the microstrip changeover portion 11 and extends to the edge of the microwave dielectric plate 2.
A notch 8 is formed in the side face of the upper shell 1, a direct current bias line 14 is positioned in the notch 8, and bias voltage is applied by an external power supply independently through the matching of the direct current bias line 14 and the notch 8; in actual use, the notch 8 may not be needed.
The upper shell 1 and the lower shell 4 may be of a metal structure or a non-metal structure with a metalized surface, such as a plastic part with a metalized surface, a special-shaped PCB with a copper-clad surface, and the like.
Referring to fig. 1 and 6, a rectangular groove 7 is formed in a surface of one side, facing a microwave dielectric plate 2, of an upper-layer housing 1, the rectangular groove 7 extends from one end of the upper-layer housing 1 to the other end of the upper-layer housing, and after the upper-layer housing 1 and the microwave dielectric plate 2 are covered, a microstrip transmission line segment 10, an interdigital capacitor segment 9, a microstrip switching segment 11 and a liquid crystal 6 are located below the rectangular groove 7, so that a signal line is prevented from being short-circuited with the upper-layer housing 1.
The microstrip transmission line is provided with fences 12 consisting of metalized through holes 13 at two sides in the length direction, and two ends of the fence 12 are respectively and electrically connected with the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 4 at corresponding ends. The fence 12 is reserved with a channel through which the dc bias line 14 passes.
The method for regulating and controlling the liquid crystal phase shifter with the continuously adjustable phase is based on the liquid crystal phase shifter with the continuously adjustable phase, and comprises the following steps:
by optimally selecting the interdigital capacitor parameters on the two sides, the effect of a band-pass filter can be formed, so that signals outside a required frequency band are cut off, and meanwhile, direct-current bias signals can be cut off from the microstrip transmission line section 10, so that interference caused by direct-current signals is avoided.
The bias voltage of the liquid crystal is controlled by the direct current bias line 14, so that the dielectric constant change of the liquid crystal material is controlled, the electrical length of the transmission line is changed, and finally the phase offset of the signal is changed.
The microstrip gradual change layer closely attached to the liquid crystal 6 realizes impedance matching of a broadband by adopting a width gradual change mode, reduces return loss caused by impedance mismatch, and points out that the gradual change mode can be selected from a step line gradual change mode, a trapezoid gradual change mode, an index gradual change mode and the like.
In order to prevent signal leakage, fences 12 consisting of metalized through holes 13 are arranged on two sides of the microstrip transmission line, and after assembly, two ends of the metalized through holes 13 of the fences 12 are electrically connected with the upper shell and the lower shell at corresponding ends.
The material selection in one embodiment of the invention is given below:
the microwave dielectric plate is a low loss tangent microwave dielectric plate, and a Rogers 5880 plate is taken as an example for performance test.
When no bias voltage is applied to the liquid crystal 6, the relative dielectric constant er is 3.6, and the tan delta is 0.01, when the bias voltage is changed in a bias mode, the er changes within a range of 3.6-5.6, and the glue is epoxy resin glue with the er being 4.4 and the tan delta being 0.005.
The selected material is sampled into a structure shown in figure 1, the selected material is installed according to the assembly mode shown in figure 1, and the test is completed on a vector network analyzer to obtain an insertion loss frequency response curve shown in figure 7, as can be seen from the figure, the insertion loss of the typical dielectric constant of the liquid crystal under different bias voltages can be controlled within 1dB except for partial frequency points, and the insertion loss of the existing product is generally more than 2.5 dB. The phase shift frequency response curve of FIG. 8 is obtained, and it can be seen from the graph that the structure can realize broadband phase shift. Therefore, the structure of the invention achieves the effects of wider frequency band and low insertion loss.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A phase continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter is characterized in that: the microwave oven comprises an upper shell, a microwave dielectric plate, liquid crystals and a lower shell from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the upper shell and the lower shell are of metal structures or nonmetal structures subjected to surface metallization treatment;
the center of one surface of the lower shell facing the microwave dielectric plate is paved with liquid crystal,
the periphery of the lower shell surrounding the liquid crystal is provided with a rubber frame, a cavity for containing the liquid crystal is formed in the rubber frame, and the rubber frame is bonded with the lower shell and the microwave dielectric plate;
the microwave dielectric plate is printed with a microstrip transmission line, the microstrip transmission line comprises a liquid crystal material transmission section positioned in the middle and microwave material transmission sections positioned at two ends of the liquid crystal material transmission section,
the microwave dielectric plate is characterized in that a rectangular groove is formed in the surface of one side, facing the microwave dielectric plate, of the upper shell, the rectangular groove extends to the other end from one end of the upper shell, and after the upper shell is covered with the microwave dielectric plate, the microstrip transmission line is located below the rectangular groove.
2. A phase continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a microstrip transmission line segment, an interdigital capacitor segment, a microstrip switching segment and a direct current bias line are printed on one side of the microwave dielectric plate facing the upper shell, a gradually-changed microstrip segment is printed on one side of the microwave dielectric plate facing the lower shell, the width of the gradually-changed microstrip segment is gradually reduced from the middle to the two output ends, and the gradually-changed microstrip segment is tightly attached to the liquid crystal;
the microstrip transition section is connected with the gradually-changed microstrip section through a metalized through hole.
3. A phase continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter as claimed in claim 2, wherein: two microstrip transmission line segments are symmetrically arranged at the positions close to the edges of the two sides of the microwave dielectric plate,
one end of each microstrip transmission line segment facing the center of the microwave dielectric slab is connected with an interdigital capacitor segment,
one end of each interdigital capacitor section facing to the center of the microwave dielectric plate is connected with a microstrip switching section,
the gradually-changed microstrip section is positioned in the center of the microwave dielectric slab, and two ends of the gradually-changed microstrip section are respectively connected with corresponding ends of the microstrip switching sections on the opposite sides through metalized through holes.
4. A phase continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the direct current bias line is led out from the connecting end of the gradually-changed microstrip section and the microstrip switching section and extends to the edge of the microwave dielectric plate.
5. A phase continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the microstrip transmission line is provided with fences consisting of metalized through holes on two sides in the length direction, and two ends of each fence are respectively and electrically connected with the upper shell and the lower shell of the corresponding end.
6. A phase continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and a channel through which the direct current bias line passes is reserved in the fence.
7. The phase-continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter as recited in claim 4, wherein: when the upper shell and the lower shell are of non-metal structures with metalized surfaces, plastic parts with plated metal on the surfaces and the special-shaped PCB with copper coated on the surfaces are selected.
8. A phase continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the microwave dielectric plate is made of a microwave dielectric plate with a low loss tangent.
9. A phase continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when bias voltage is not applied to the liquid crystal, the relative dielectric constant er is 3.6, and the tan delta is 0.01, when bias voltage is changed in a bias mode, the er change range is 3.6-5.6, and epoxy resin glue with the er value of 4.4 and the tan delta value of 0.005 is selected as glue.
10. The method for regulating and controlling the liquid crystal phase shifter with continuously adjustable phase is characterized by comprising the following steps: the phase-continuously adjustable liquid crystal phase shifter based on any one of the preceding claims, the specific method comprises:
by optimally selecting the interdigital capacitor parameters at two sides, the effect of a band-pass filter can be formed, so that signals outside a required frequency band are cut off, and meanwhile, direct-current bias signals can be cut off from a microstrip transmission line section, so that interference caused by direct-current signals is avoided, and the interdigital capacitor structure parameters at two ends and the shapes of the interdigital capacitors are consistent or inconsistent;
the bias voltage of the liquid crystal is controlled by the direct current bias line, so that the dielectric constant change of the liquid crystal material is controlled, the electrical length of the transmission line is further changed, and finally the phase offset of the signal is changed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010115191.1A CN111490314B (en) | 2020-02-25 | 2020-02-25 | Liquid crystal phase shifter with continuously adjustable phase and adjusting and controlling method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010115191.1A CN111490314B (en) | 2020-02-25 | 2020-02-25 | Liquid crystal phase shifter with continuously adjustable phase and adjusting and controlling method |
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| CN111490314A true CN111490314A (en) | 2020-08-04 |
| CN111490314B CN111490314B (en) | 2021-10-15 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112436248A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-03-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High phase shift tuning rate liquid crystal phase shifter based on dielectric integrated waveguide |
| CN113884795A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-01-04 | 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 | Detection tool and detection device for liquid crystal phase shifter |
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| CN111490314B (en) | 2021-10-15 |
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