CN111487311B - Hardness detection method and system - Google Patents
Hardness detection method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111487311B CN111487311B CN201911281500.6A CN201911281500A CN111487311B CN 111487311 B CN111487311 B CN 111487311B CN 201911281500 A CN201911281500 A CN 201911281500A CN 111487311 B CN111487311 B CN 111487311B
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- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/80—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating mechanical hardness, e.g. by investigating saturation or remanence of ferromagnetic material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hardness detection method and a hardness detection system. The method comprises the following steps: applying electromagnetic fields of different frequencies to the metal to be measured; acquiring induced current generated by detected metal to be detected in the process of applying an electromagnetic field to the metal to be detected and the magnetic field intensity of the position of the metal to be detected; determining the hardness value of the metal to be measured by taking the induced current and the magnetic field intensity as known quantities according to the known relation between the induced current of the standard component, the magnetic field intensity and the hardness; the standard component is a metal component with the same material as the metal to be detected. The hardness detection method and the system can avoid damage to the metal surface in the detection process and realize nondestructive detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hardness sorting, in particular to a hardness detection method and system.
Background
The hardness of metal is one of the most common indicators for evaluating the mechanical properties of metal materials. The essence of hardness is the ability of a material to resist being pressed in by another harder material. For the tested material, the hardness represents the comprehensive performance of various physical quantities such as elasticity, plasticity, strength, toughness, abrasion resistance and the like reflected under the action of a certain pressure head and a test force. The hardness test can reflect the performance difference of the metal material under different chemical compositions, tissue structures and heat treatment process conditions, so the hardness test is widely applied to the inspection of the metal performance, the supervision of the heat treatment process quality and the development of new materials.
The conventional metal hardness detection mainly comprises the step of impacting a workpiece by applying a test force according to the indentation depth, the indentation projection area or the indentation gravure area of the surface of the impacted workpiece. However, this detection method can cause damage to the metal surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hardness detection method and a hardness detection system, which can avoid damage to the metal surface in the detection process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a hardness testing method comprising:
applying electromagnetic fields of different frequencies to the metal to be measured;
acquiring induced current generated by the metal to be detected and the magnetic field intensity of the position of the metal to be detected in the process of applying the electromagnetic field to the metal to be detected;
determining the hardness value of the metal to be measured by taking the induced current and the magnetic field strength as known quantities according to the known relation between the induced current of the standard component, the magnetic field strength and the hardness; the standard part is a metal part which is the same as the metal to be detected in material.
Optionally, the known relationship between the induced current, the magnetic field strength and the hardness of the standard part is a relationship curve between the induced current and the magnetic field strength under different hardnesses;
determining the hardness value of the metal to be measured by taking the induced current and the magnetic field strength as known quantities according to the known relation between the induced current of the standard component, the magnetic field strength and the hardness, and specifically comprising the following steps:
calculating a relation curve between the detected induction current and the magnetic field intensity to obtain an induction current-magnetic field intensity relation curve;
and comparing the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curve with the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curve under different hardness to obtain the hardness value of the metal to be measured.
Optionally, the calculating a relationship curve between the detected induced current and the magnetic field strength to obtain an induced current-magnetic field strength relationship curve specifically includes:
and performing curve fitting on the detected induced current and the magnetic field strength to obtain an induced current and magnetic field strength fitting curve, wherein the induced current and magnetic field strength fitting curve is the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curve.
Optionally, the known relationship between the induced current, the magnetic field strength and the hardness of the standard component is a relationship curve between the induced current and the hardness under different magnetic field strengths;
determining the hardness value of the metal to be measured by taking the induced current and the magnetic field strength as known quantities according to the known relation between the induced current of the standard component, the magnetic field strength and the hardness, and specifically comprising the following steps:
searching a relation curve of induced current and hardness under the corresponding magnetic field intensity according to the detected magnetic field intensity;
and determining a corresponding hardness value from the relation curve of the induced current and the hardness under the corresponding magnetic field strength according to the detected induced current, so as to obtain the hardness value of the metal to be detected.
Optionally, the frequency range of the electromagnetic field is 1kHz to 1 MHz.
Optionally, the position of the metal to be detected when the electromagnetic field is applied is the position with the highest degree of uniformity of the magnetic field in the electromagnetic field.
A hardness testing system comprising:
the magnetic field applying module is used for applying electromagnetic fields with different frequencies to the metal to be tested;
the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring induced current generated by the metal to be detected in the process of applying an electromagnetic field to the metal to be detected and the magnetic field intensity of the position of the metal to be detected;
the hardness value calculation module is used for determining the hardness value of the metal to be measured by taking the induced current and the magnetic field strength as known quantities according to the known relation between the induced current of the standard part, the magnetic field strength and the hardness; the standard part is a metal part which is the same as the metal to be detected in material.
Optionally, the known relationship between the induced current, the magnetic field strength and the hardness of the standard part is a relationship curve between the induced current and the magnetic field strength under different hardnesses;
the hardness value calculation module comprises:
the current-field strength relation calculating unit is used for calculating a relation curve between the detected induction current and the magnetic field strength to obtain an induction current-magnetic field strength relation curve;
and the comparison unit is used for comparing the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curve with the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curve under different hardness to obtain the hardness value of the metal to be measured.
Optionally, the current-field strength relationship calculating unit includes:
and the fitting subunit is used for performing curve fitting on the detected induced current and the detected magnetic field strength to obtain a fitted curve of the induced current and the magnetic field strength, wherein the fitted curve of the induced current and the magnetic field strength is the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curve.
Optionally, the known relationship between the induced current, the magnetic field strength and the hardness of the standard component is a relationship curve between the induced current and the hardness under different magnetic field strengths;
the hardness value calculation module comprises:
the curve searching unit is used for searching a relation curve of induced current and hardness under the corresponding magnetic field strength according to the detected magnetic field strength;
and the induced current substituting unit is used for determining a corresponding hardness value from a relation curve of the induced current and the hardness under the corresponding magnetic field strength according to the detected induced current so as to obtain the hardness value of the metal to be detected.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction, applies electromagnetic field to the metal to be detected, detects the induced current of the metal to be detected and the magnetic field intensity of the position, and further realizes the detection of hardness by utilizing the relation among the induced current, the magnetic field intensity and the hardness. The invention utilizes the electromagnetic induction principle to carry out hardness detection, can avoid direct contact with the metal to be detected, avoids damage to the metal to be detected and realizes nondestructive detection.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a hardness testing method according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a system configuration diagram of a hardness detection system according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
when electromagnetic fields with different frequencies are applied to the metal workpiece, the electromagnetic field at each excitation frequency F excites the metal workpiece, the induced electromagnetic field H in the space where the metal workpiece is located can be represented by a plurality of fields, and according to the space electromagnetic field theory, the electromagnetic field Hz(r) the following formula
I0＝μrHV
In the formula, HzAs to the strength of the magnetic field,
is a complex constant, j is an imaginary number, k is a variable of a Bessel function, r is a spatial magnetic field radius, murIs the relative permeability, I0Is a zero-order imaginary-vector Bessel function of the first kind, K0As a function of the second type of imaginary root Bessel, HVIs the hardness distribution coefficient.
From the boundary conditions of the electromagnetic field and
the following properties were obtained:
in the formula, ezIs the number of magnetic pole pairs, H0Is a wireThe magnetic field intensity generated by the ring, a, is the maximum distance of the space magnetic field.
By inducing an induced current I in a cross-section inside the conductor of the metal workpiecegIs composed of
Where B is the magnetic induction, s is the planar area through which the magnetic flux passes, μ is the absolute magnetic permeability, μ0Is the vacuum permeability.
The following three relations are obtained by using Bessel function of the first kind
∫xI0(x)dx＝xI1(x)
In the formula
Is a zero and first order Bessel function, I1Is a first-order imaginary-quantity Bessel function.
Comprehensively obtaining:
from this can be obtained Ig∝HVHZ。
According to the method, the induced current generated by the metal workpiece is in direct proportion to the magnetic field intensity and the hardness.
Based on the above principle, the present invention provides 4 embodiments:
example 1:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a hardness testing method according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the hardness detection method includes:
step 101: electromagnetic fields of different frequencies are applied to the metal to be measured. The frequency range of the electromagnetic field is 1 kHz-1 MHz.
Step 102: and acquiring induced current generated by the detected metal to be detected in the process of applying the electromagnetic field to the metal to be detected and the magnetic field intensity of the position of the metal to be detected. And when the electromagnetic field is applied, the position of the metal to be detected is the position with the highest magnetic field uniformity degree in the electromagnetic field.
Step 103: determining the hardness value of the metal to be measured by taking the induced current and the magnetic field intensity as known quantities according to the known relation between the induced current of the standard component, the magnetic field intensity and the hardness; the standard component is a metal component with the same material as the metal to be detected.
The known relationship of the induced current, the magnetic field strength and the hardness of the standard component is a curve of the induced current and the magnetic field strength at different hardnesses.
Step 103 specifically comprises: calculating a relation curve between the detected induced current and the magnetic field intensity to obtain an induced current-magnetic field intensity relation curve; the relationship curve can be obtained by curve-fitting the detected induced current and the magnetic field strength. And comparing the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curve with induced current-magnetic field strength relation curves with different hardness to obtain the hardness value of the metal to be measured.
Example 2:
this example 2 differs from example 1 in that:
the known relationship of the induced current, the magnetic field strength and the hardness of the standard component is a relationship curve of the induced current and the hardness under different magnetic field strengths.
Then, the step 103 specifically includes: searching a relation curve of induced current and hardness under the corresponding magnetic field intensity according to the detected magnetic field intensity; and determining a corresponding hardness value from a relation curve of the induced current and the hardness under the corresponding magnetic field strength according to the detected induced current, so as to obtain the hardness value of the metal to be detected.
Example 3:
this embodiment 3 provides a hardness detection system.
Fig. 2 is a system configuration diagram of a hardness detection system according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the hardness detecting system includes:
a magnetic field applying module 301, configured to apply electromagnetic fields with different frequencies to a metal to be tested;
a signal obtaining module 302, configured to obtain an induced current generated by the detected metal to be detected in the process of applying the electromagnetic field to the metal to be detected and a magnetic field intensity at a position where the metal to be detected is located;
the hardness value calculation module 303 is used for determining the hardness value of the metal to be measured by taking the induced current and the magnetic field strength as known quantities according to the known relation between the induced current of the standard component, the magnetic field strength and the hardness; the standard component is a metal component with the same material as the metal to be detected.
The known relation among the induced current, the magnetic field intensity and the hardness of the standard component is a relation curve between the induced current and the magnetic field intensity under different hardnesses; the hardness value calculation module 303 includes: the current and field intensity relation calculating unit is used for calculating a relation curve between the detected induced current and the magnetic field intensity to obtain an induced current-magnetic field intensity relation curve; and the comparison unit is used for comparing the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curve with induced current-magnetic field strength relation curves with different hardness to obtain the hardness value of the metal to be measured.
The current-field strength relation calculation unit includes: and the fitting subunit is used for performing curve fitting on the detected induced current and the magnetic field strength to obtain a fitted curve of the induced current and the magnetic field strength, wherein the fitted curve of the induced current and the magnetic field strength is a relationship curve of the induced current and the magnetic field strength.
Example 4:
this example 4 differs from example 3 in that:
the known relation among the induced current, the magnetic field intensity and the hardness of the standard component is a relation curve between the induced current and the hardness under different magnetic field intensities; the hardness value calculation module 303 includes: the curve searching unit is used for searching a relation curve of induced current and hardness under the corresponding magnetic field intensity according to the detected magnetic field intensity; and the induced current substituting unit is used for determining a corresponding hardness value from a relation curve of the induced current and the hardness under the corresponding magnetic field strength according to the detected induced current so as to obtain the hardness value of the metal to be detected.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction, applies electromagnetic field to the metal to be detected, detects the induced current of the metal to be detected and the magnetic field intensity of the position, and further realizes the detection of hardness by utilizing the relation among the induced current, the magnetic field intensity and the hardness. The invention utilizes the electromagnetic induction principle to carry out hardness detection, can avoid direct contact with the metal to be detected, avoids damage to the metal to be detected and realizes nondestructive detection. In addition, the error of the measurement result of the scheme of the invention is 2%, and the accuracy of hardness detection is improved. Due to the adoption of non-contact measurement, the measurement reaction speed is high, and the rapid measurement can be completed within 0.5 s.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the foregoing, the description is not to be taken in a limiting sense.
Claims (6)
1. A hardness testing method, comprising:
applying electromagnetic fields of different frequencies to the metal to be measured;
acquiring induced current generated by the metal to be detected and the magnetic field intensity of the position of the metal to be detected in the process of applying the electromagnetic field to the metal to be detected;
determining the hardness value of the metal to be measured by taking the induced current and the magnetic field strength as known quantities and according to the known relation between the induced current of a standard component, the magnetic field strength and the hardness; the standard part is a metal part with the same material as the metal to be detected;
the known relation among the induced current, the magnetic field intensity and the hardness of the standard component is a relation curve between the induced current and the magnetic field intensity under different hardnesses; determining the hardness value of the metal to be measured by taking the induced current and the magnetic field strength as known quantities according to the known relation between the induced current of the standard component, the magnetic field strength and the hardness, and specifically comprising the following steps:
calculating a relation curve between the detected induction current and the magnetic field intensity to obtain an induction current-magnetic field intensity relation curve; comparing the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curve with the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curves under different hardness to obtain the hardness value of the metal to be measured;
the known relation among the induced current, the magnetic field strength and the hardness of the standard component is a relation curve between the induced current and the hardness under different magnetic field strengths; determining the hardness value of the metal to be measured by taking the induced current and the magnetic field strength as known quantities according to the known relation between the induced current of the standard component, the magnetic field strength and the hardness, and specifically comprising the following steps:
searching a relation curve of induced current and hardness under the corresponding magnetic field intensity according to the detected magnetic field intensity; and determining a corresponding hardness value from the relation curve of the induced current and the hardness under the corresponding magnetic field strength according to the detected induced current, so as to obtain the hardness value of the metal to be detected.
2. The hardness detection method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating a relationship curve between the detected induced current and the magnetic field strength to obtain an induced current-magnetic field strength relationship curve specifically comprises:
and performing curve fitting on the detected induced current and the magnetic field strength to obtain an induced current and magnetic field strength fitting curve, wherein the induced current and magnetic field strength fitting curve is the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curve.
3. The hardness detecting method according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic field has a frequency in a range of 1kHz to 1 MHz.
4. The hardness testing method according to claim 1, wherein the metal to be tested is located at a position where the uniformity of the magnetic field in the electromagnetic field is highest when the electromagnetic field is applied.
5. A hardness testing system, comprising:
the magnetic field applying module is used for applying electromagnetic fields with different frequencies to the metal to be tested;
the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring induced current generated by the metal to be detected in the process of applying an electromagnetic field to the metal to be detected and the magnetic field intensity of the position of the metal to be detected;
the hardness value calculation module is used for determining the hardness value of the metal to be measured by taking the induced current and the magnetic field strength as known quantities according to the known relation between the induced current of the standard part, the magnetic field strength and the hardness; the standard part is a metal part with the same material as the metal to be detected;
the known relation among the induced current, the magnetic field intensity and the hardness of the standard component is a relation curve between the induced current and the magnetic field intensity under different hardnesses; the hardness value calculation module comprises:
the current-field strength relation calculating unit is used for calculating a relation curve between the detected induction current and the magnetic field strength to obtain an induction current-magnetic field strength relation curve; the comparison unit is used for comparing the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curve with the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curves under different hardness to obtain the hardness value of the metal to be measured;
the known relation among the induced current, the magnetic field strength and the hardness of the standard component is a relation curve between the induced current and the hardness under different magnetic field strengths; the hardness value calculation module comprises:
the curve searching unit is used for searching a relation curve of induced current and hardness under the corresponding magnetic field strength according to the detected magnetic field strength; and the induced current substituting unit is used for determining a corresponding hardness value from a relation curve of the induced current and the hardness under the corresponding magnetic field strength according to the detected induced current so as to obtain the hardness value of the metal to be detected.
6. The hardness detection system according to claim 5, wherein said current-to-field strength relationship calculation unit includes:
and the fitting subunit is used for performing curve fitting on the detected induced current and the detected magnetic field strength to obtain a fitted curve of the induced current and the magnetic field strength, wherein the fitted curve of the induced current and the magnetic field strength is the induced current-magnetic field strength relation curve.
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| US20190162686A1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-05-30 | Metal Industries Research & Development Centre | Hardness measurement apparatus and hardness measurement method |
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| EP0394158A1 (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1990-10-24 | Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise (Irsid) | Method and apparatus for non-destructively controlling magnetic material, having a structure gradient in its superficial part |
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