CN111484318A - 一种氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料及其制备预制件的方法 - Google Patents

一种氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料及其制备预制件的方法 Download PDF

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CN111484318A
CN111484318A CN202010251528.1A CN202010251528A CN111484318A CN 111484318 A CN111484318 A CN 111484318A CN 202010251528 A CN202010251528 A CN 202010251528A CN 111484318 A CN111484318 A CN 111484318A
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赵凯龙
耿鹏
刘丽
任林
颜浩
赵伟
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Beijing Lier High Temperature Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于耐火材料领域。本发明提供了一种氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料,所述浇注料包括如下重量份的组分:黑铝砂48~82份,白刚玉粉11~22份,α‑氧化铝粉8~17份,氧化铝纤维0.1~1份,水泥5~7份,钢纤维0.8~1.5份和外加剂1.0~1.8份。本发明进一步提供了预制件的制备方法。本发明还提供了所述的浇注料作为钢包包壁永久衬材料的应用。本发明用氧化铝纤维作为基质的微观骨架结构,钢纤维作为整个宏观基质骨架。该浇注料具有较高的常温强度、高温强度,具有优异的高温抗折强度和抗热震性,明显提高了钢包包壁永久衬的使用寿命。

Description

一种氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料及其制备预制件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种氧化铝纤维增强的钢包包壁永久衬浇注料及其制备预制件的方法。
背景技术
钢包是储运钢水的容器,也是对钢水进行二次精炼的冶炼炉。随着炼钢技术发展,对钢包的使用要求更加苛刻,钢包工作衬内侧的永久衬要求越来越高。目前,钢包永久衬耐火材料主要是高铝熟料材质,一般在反复使用后,易出现开裂,温度过高时发生粉化现象,拆包时因强度不够造成大面积脱落的问题,一直是制约钢包安全生产和缩短其使用寿命的重要原因。
依据实际使用情况分析,永久衬浇注料的开裂、粉化和脱落大都从基质开始,基质的组成、结构和性能对浇注料的性能起着重要的作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种提高浇注料的耐压和抗折强度的氧化铝纤维增强的钢包包壁浇注料。本发明用氧化铝纤维作为基质中的微观骨架结构,使基质之间形成相互交融结构,提高了浇注料的耐压和抗折强度。该浇注料具有较高的常温强度、高温强度,具有优异的高温抗折强度和抗热震性,明显提高了钢包包壁永久衬的使用寿命。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料,包含如下重量份的组分:
Figure BDA0002435662450000011
作为优选,所述黑铝砂中,粒径8~5mm的组分、粒径5~3mm的组分、粒径3~1mm的组分与粒径≤1mm的组分的重量比为10~20:8~12:15~25:15~25。
作为优选,所述白刚玉粉中,≤180目的组分与180~320目的组分的重量比为6~12:5~10。
作为优选,所述α-氧化铝粉中,粒径≤1μm的组分与粒径1~3μm的组分的重量比为5~8:3~9。
作为优选,所述氧化铝纤维的长度≤150nm,钢纤维的长度≥20mm。
作为优选,所述外加剂中,活性氧化铝、柠檬酸、有机纤维与铝粉的重量比为0.16~0.5:0.02~0.06:0.8~1.2:0.02~0.04。
本发明还提供了一种预制件的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将所述组分进行干混,得到干混料;
将所得干混料和水混合后进行成型,得到成型料;
将所述成型料进行养护处理,得到所述预制件。
作为优选,所述成型料进行养护处理后再进行烧结。
作为优选,所述烧结的温度为1100~1600℃,时间为2~4h。
本发明还提供了所述的浇注料作为钢包包壁永久衬材料的应用。
本发明的有益效果包括以下几点:
1)氧化铝纤维加入到浇注料中,是以不规则的3D网络骨架结构存在于基质之间,通过增加相与相交叉连接作用,起到连接各基质的作用,使基质结构得到优化,达到增强增韧的效果,增强了基质的耐压和抗折强度。
2)本发明的骨料部分由不同粒度的黑铝砂组成;基质由白刚玉粉、α-氧化铝粉、水泥、氧化铝纤维以及外加剂组成。烧结温度下氧化铝纤维作为基质的微观骨架结构,与基质、颗粒(黑铝砂骨料)之间固溶反应,进一步增强了基质与颗粒之间的结合强度。同时,钢纤维作为整个宏观基质骨架,更有助于提高浇注料的抗冲击性和抗热震性,明显提高了钢包包壁永久衬的使用寿命。
3)本发明所制备的预制件综合性能好、高温性能优异,可以长期地反复使用,减少了整体钢包耐材的成本。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料,包含如下重量份的组分:
Figure BDA0002435662450000031
本发明所述氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料包含48~82份的黑铝砂,优选为50~75份,进一步优选为45~65份。
本发明所述的黑铝砂中Al2O3含量优选≥75wt%,更优选≥80wt%。
本发明所述的黑铝砂中粒径8~5mm的组分、粒径5~3mm的组分、粒径3~1mm的组分与粒径≤1mm的组分的重量比优选为10~20:8~12:15~25:15~25,进一步优选为12~18:9~11:18~23:17~22。
本发明所述的黑铝砂中粒径8~5mm的组分包含粒径等于8mm的成分,不包含粒径等于5mm的成分;所述粒径5~3mm的组分包含粒径等于5mm的成分,不包含粒径等于3mm的成分;所述粒径3~1mm的组分包含粒径等于3mm的成分,不包含粒径等于1mm的成分。
本发明所述氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料包含11~22份的白刚玉粉,优选为12~20份,进一步优选为15~18份。
本发明所述的白刚玉粉中≤180目的组分与180~320目的组分的重量比优选为6~12:5~10,进一步优选为8~10:7~9。
本发明所述的白刚玉粉中180~320目的组分包含等于320目的成分,不包含等于180目的成分。
本发明所述的白刚玉粉中Al2O3含量优选≥99wt%。
本发明所述氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料包含8~17份的α-氧化铝粉,优选为10~16份,进一步优选为11~15份。
本发明所述的α-氧化铝粉中粒径≤1μm的组分与粒径1~3μm的组分的重量比优选为5~8:3~9,进一步优选为6~8:5~8。
本发明所述的α-氧化铝粉中粒径1~3μm的组分包含粒径等于3μm的成分,不包含粒径等于1μm的成分。
本发明所述氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料包含0.1~1份的氧化铝纤维,优选为0.2~0.8份,进一步优选为0.5~0.7份。
本发明所述的氧化铝纤维的长度优选≤150nm,进一步优选≤130nm。
本发明所述的氧化铝纤维中Al2O3含量优选≥99wt%。
本发明所述氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料包含5~7份的水泥,优选为6~7份。
本发明所述的水泥中Al2O3含量优选≥70wt%,进一步优选≥75wt%。
本发明所述氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料包含0.8~1.5份的钢纤维,优选为1.0~1.2份。
本发明所述钢纤维的长度优选≥20mm,更优选≥22mm。
本发明所述氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料包含1.0~1.8份的外加剂,优选为1.2~1.5份。
本发明所述的外加剂中活性氧化铝、柠檬酸、有机纤维与铝粉的重量比优选为0.16~0.5:0.02~0.06:0.8~1.2:0.02~0.04,进一步优选为0.2~0.4:0.03~0.05:0.9~1.1:0.03~0.04。
本发明所述的有机纤维优选聚乙烯有机纤维。
本发明还提供了一种预制件的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将所述组分进行干混,得到干混料;
将所得干混料和水混合后进行成型,得到成型料;
将所述成型料进行养护处理,得到所述预制件。
本发明所述干混的时间优选为4~6分钟,更优选为5分钟。
本发明所述干混料和水混合中,水与干混料的质量比优选为5~7:100,更优选为6:100。
本发明所述干混料和水混合的时间优选为4~6分钟,更优选为5分钟。
本发明所述成型优选振动浇注成型,所述振动的频率优选为2800~2900次/分钟,进一步优选为2860次/分钟;振幅优选为0.3~0.6mm,进一步优选为0.4~0.5mm;电机功率优选为1.4~1.6千瓦、370~390V,进一步优选为1.5千瓦、380V;振动时间优选为3~5分钟,进一步优选为4分钟。
本发明所述成型料进行养护的时间优选为12~36h,进一步优选为24h,养护后进行脱模处理,得到脱模产品。本发明所述养护在室温下进行即可。
本发明优选对所得脱模产品进行干燥,所述干燥的温度优选为100~120℃,更优选为110℃;时间优选为22~26h,更优选为24h。
本发明所述干燥后优选再进行烧结,所述烧结可进一步地优化所得产品的性能。
本发明所述烧结的温度优选为1100~1600℃,进一步优选为1100~1500℃,更进一步优选为1200~1400℃;所述烧结的时间优选为2~4h,进一步优选为3h。
本发明还提供了一种所述的浇注料作为钢包包壁永久衬材料的应用。
本发明所述应用中,氧化铝纤维作为基质的微观骨架结构,与基质、颗粒之间固溶反应,钢纤维作为整个宏观基质骨架。其中,基质为由白刚玉粉、α-氧化铝粉、水泥、氧化铝纤维以及外加剂组成;颗粒为不同粒度的黑铝砂骨料。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料及其制备方法进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
将65kg黑铝砂(粒径8~5mm的组分、5~3mm的组分、3~1mm的组分与≤1mm的组分的重量比为15:10:20:20)、17kg白刚玉粉(≤180目的组分与180~320目的组分的重量比为10:7)、11kgα-氧化铝粉(粒径≤1μm的组分与粒径1~3μm的组分的重量比为7:4)、0.4kg氧化铝纤维(长度为≤150nm),6kg水泥,1kg钢纤维(长度为20mm)和1.5kg外加剂(活性氧化铝、柠檬酸、有机纤维与铝粉的重量比为0.4:0.06:1.0:0.04)混合后干混5分钟,再外加6kg的水搅拌5分钟,振动浇注成型,振动的频率为2860次/分钟,振幅为0.5mm,电机功率为1.5千瓦、380V,振动时间为4分钟,制成40mm×40mm×160mm的标准条形试样,自然养护24h后,脱模,将试样放入烘箱内在110℃干燥24h。
所得产品的理化指标为:显气孔率10%,体积密度3.12g/cm3,常温耐压强度87.8MPa,常温抗折强度20.7MPa,抗热震性较好。
实施例2
将48kg黑铝砂(粒径8~5mm的组分、5~3mm的组分、3~1mm的组分与≤1mm的组分的重量比为10:8:15:15)、11kg白刚玉粉(≤180目的组分与180~320目的组分的重量比为6:5)、8kgα-氧化铝粉(粒径≤1μm的组分与粒径1~3μm的组分的重量比为5:3)、0.1kg氧化铝纤维(长度为≤140nm),5kg水泥,1.5kg钢纤维(长度为21mm)和1.0kg外加剂(活性氧化铝、柠檬酸、有机纤维与铝粉的重量比为0.16:0.02:0.8:0.02)混合后干混5分钟,再外加6kg的水搅拌5分钟,振动浇注成型,振动的频率为2860次/分钟,振幅为0.5mm,电机功率为1.5千瓦、380V,振动时间为4分钟,制成40mm×40mm×160mm的标准条形试样,自然养护24h后,脱模,将试样放入烘箱内在110℃干燥24h。
所得产品的理化指标为:显气孔率12%,体积密度3.01g/cm3,常温耐压强度80.2MPa,常温抗折强度18.5MPa,抗热震性较好。
实施例3
将82kg黑铝砂(粒径8~5mm的组分、5~3mm的组分、3~1mm的组分与≤1mm的组分的重量比为20:12:25:25)、22kg白刚玉粉(≤180目的组分与180~320目的组分的重量比为12:10)、11kgα-氧化铝粉(粒径≤1μm的组分与粒径1~3μm的组分的重量比为7:4)、1.0kg氧化铝纤维(长度为≤150nm),7kg水泥,0.8kg钢纤维(长度为20mm)和1.8kg外加剂(活性氧化铝、柠檬酸、有机纤维与铝粉的重量比为0.5:0.06:1.2:0.04)混合后干混5分钟,再外加6kg的水搅拌5分钟,振动浇注成型,振动的频率为2860次/分钟,振幅为0.5mm,电机功率为1.5千瓦、380V,振动时间为4分钟,制成40mm×40mm×160mm的标准条形试样,自然养护24h后,脱模,将试样放入烘箱内在110℃干燥24h。
所得产品的理化指标为:显气孔率8%,体积密度3.35g/cm3,常温耐压强度87.8MPa,常温抗折强度21.8MPa,抗热震性较好。
实施例4
原料组成和生产工艺与实施例1相同,不同之处在于:将烘干后的标准条形试样在1100℃下烧结,保温时间为3h。
所得产品的理化指标为:显气孔率19%,体积密度2.98g/cm3,耐压强度43.6MPa,抗折强度13.9MPa,抗热震性较好。
实施例5
原料组成和生产工艺与实施例1相同,不同之处在于:将烘干后的标准条形试样在1500℃下烧结,保温时间为3h。
所得产品的理化指标为:显气孔率17%,体积密度3.10g/cm3,耐压强度85.6MPa,抗折强度≥23.9MPa,抗热震性较好。
实施例6
原料组成和生产工艺与实施例1相同,不同之处在于:将烘干后的标准条形试样放入高温抗折试验机,测其高温抗折强度,试验温度为1400℃,保温时间为30min。
所得产品的理化指标为:高温抗折强度3.5MPa。
实施例7
原料组成与实施例1相同,生产工艺为将原料混合后干混3分钟,再外加6kg的水搅拌5分钟,振动浇注成型,制成70mm×70mm×230mm的标准条形试样,自然养护24h后,脱模,将试样放入烘箱内在110℃干燥24h。然后将干燥后的标准条形试样放入1100℃炉内保温20min,取出后将其放入15℃的流动水中急冷3min,再放置空气中自然干燥5min,再次放入1100℃炉内。重复以上操作直至试样断裂端面的破损率大于50%,记录急冷次数。
所得产品的理化指标为:抗热震性次数达到31次,抗热震性较好。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种氧化铝纤维增强的浇注料,其特征在于,包含如下重量份的组分:
Figure FDA0002435662440000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的浇注料,其特征在于,所述黑铝砂中,粒径8~5mm的组分、粒径5~3mm的组分、粒径3~1mm的组分与粒径≤1mm的组分的重量比为10~20:8~12:15~25:15~25。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的浇注料,其特征在于,所述白刚玉粉中,≤180目的组分与180~320目的组分的重量比为6~12:5~10。
4.根据权利要求3所述的浇注料,其特征在于,所述α-氧化铝粉中,粒径≤1μm的组分与粒径1~3μm的组分的重量比为5~8:3~9。
5.根据权利要求4所述的浇注料,其特征在于,所述氧化铝纤维的长度≤150nm,钢纤维的长度≥20mm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的浇注料,其特征在于,所述外加剂中,活性氧化铝、柠檬酸、有机纤维与铝粉的重量比为0.16~0.5:0.02~0.06:0.8~1.2:0.02~0.04。
7.一种预制件的制备方法,其特征在于,包含如下步骤:
将权利要求1~6任意一项所述组分进行干混,得到干混料;
将所得干混料和水混合后进行成型,得到成型料;
将所述成型料进行养护处理,得到所述预制件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述成型料进行养护处理后再进行烧结。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧结的温度为1100~1600℃,时间为2~4h。
10.权利要求1~6任一项所述的浇注料作为钢包包壁永久衬材料的应用。
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