CN111483527A - Side gas curtain and car - Google Patents
Side gas curtain and car Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111483527A CN111483527A CN201910080423.1A CN201910080423A CN111483527A CN 111483527 A CN111483527 A CN 111483527A CN 201910080423 A CN201910080423 A CN 201910080423A CN 111483527 A CN111483527 A CN 111483527A
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- baffle
- inlet
- vehicle
- curtain
- air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D35/00—Vehicle bodies characterised by streamlining
- B62D35/008—Side spoilers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/82—Elements for improving aerodynamics
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a side air curtain and an automobile, wherein the side air curtain comprises an air curtain body provided with an air duct; the first baffle can open and close an inlet on the windward side of the air duct, and when the speed of the vehicle is lower than a preset speed value, the first baffle closes the inlet; when the vehicle speed reaches a preset speed value, the first shutter opens the entrance. When the vehicle speed is lower than a preset speed value, namely in a static and low-speed state, the first baffle closes the inlet on the windward side of the air duct, namely the inlet is fully closed, and the first baffle can keep continuity with the modeling surfaces on the two sides of the automobile front bumper; when the vehicle speed reaches the preset speed value, namely when the vehicle runs at a high speed, the inlet is opened by the first baffle plate, so that the air flow at the front fender enters the air channel of the air curtain body from the inlet and is guided to the two sides of the front wheel through the air channel, the separation of the air flow at the two sides of the vehicle body is avoided, the effect of reducing the wind resistance of the whole vehicle is achieved, the effective wind resistance reduction of the vehicle running at a high speed is realized, and the continuity of the molding surfaces at the two sides of the vehicle front fender under the static and low-speed states is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of whole vehicle pneumatic wind resistance control, in particular to a side air curtain and an automobile.
Background
The basic principle of the design of the automobile outer modeling is streamline design, namely the automobile outer modeling, particularly the front protection modeling, is designed into a streamline shape which is easy to pass air flow, and the wind resistance can be obviously reduced. However, in actual automobile design, designers often need to construct grooves and protrusions at the front bumper to achieve design intentions, and at the moment, airflow on two sides of the front bumper is separated on two sides of an automobile body, so that eddy current is generated, and wind resistance is greatly increased. The side air curtain can guide the air flow at the front protector to the two sides of the front wheel through the air channel, so that the separation of the air flow at the two sides of the vehicle body is avoided, meanwhile, the air flow in the cavity of the front wheel can be combed, and the effect of reducing the wind resistance of the whole vehicle is achieved.
The existing side air curtain structure mainly adopts a full-through type channel, air flow at the front bumper of an automobile is directly guided to a rear wheel cover lining plate through a full-through air curtain, and the air flow at the front end is discharged to a front wheel cavity of the automobile. But the front and the back of the automobile front fender are easy to see through, the continuity of molding surfaces at two sides of the automobile front fender is influenced, and the air flow led out of the automobile front fender directly impacts the front wheel, so that the wind resistance reducing effect is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a side curtain to effectively reduce wind resistance when a vehicle is running at a high speed, and to ensure continuity of two side molding surfaces of a front vehicle in a static state and a low speed state.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an automobile having the above side curtain.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a side air curtain comprises an air curtain body provided with an air channel; further comprising:
the first baffle can open and close an inlet on the windward side of the air duct, and when the speed of the vehicle is lower than a preset speed value, the first baffle closes the inlet; when the vehicle speed reaches the preset speed value, the first baffle opens the inlet.
Preferably, the side curtain further includes:
the second baffle can open and close an outlet at the leeward side of the air duct, and when the speed of the vehicle is lower than the preset speed value, the second baffle closes the outlet; when the vehicle speed reaches the preset speed value, the second baffle opens the outlet, and can guide the air discharged from the outlet to achieve optimal wind resistance.
Preferably, in the side air curtain, the first baffle is hinged to the air curtain body;
the air curtain body is further provided with a first elastic piece, the first elastic piece has a first elastic force enabling the first baffle to be in a state of closing the inlet, and when the vehicle speed reaches the preset speed value, the airflow pressure at the inlet can overcome the first elastic force to enable the first baffle to be in a state of opening the inlet.
Preferably, in the above side air curtain, the first elastic member is a first spring, one end of the first spring is disposed on the inner wall of the air duct close to the inlet, and the other end of the first spring is disposed on the inner panel surface of the first baffle.
Preferably, in the side inflatable curtain, the second baffle is hinged to the inflatable curtain body;
the air curtain body is further provided with a second elastic piece, the second elastic piece has a second elastic force enabling the second baffle to be in a state of closing the outlet, and when the vehicle speed reaches the preset speed value, the airflow pressure of the air channel can overcome the second elastic force to enable the second baffle to be in a state of opening the outlet.
Preferably, in the above side air curtain, the second elastic member is a second spring, one end of the second spring is disposed on the inner wall of the air duct close to the inlet, and the other end of the second spring is disposed on the inner plate surface of the second baffle.
Preferably, in the side curtain, the first shutter includes a first branch plate and a second branch plate that cooperate to open and close the inlet.
Preferably, in the above side air curtain, one end of the air curtain body is provided with a first mounting structure for connecting with a front bumper of a vehicle, and the other end of the air curtain body is provided with a second mounting structure for connecting with a front wheel cover of the vehicle.
Preferably, in the side air curtain, the preset speed value is 40KPH-60 KPH.
According to the technical scheme, the side air curtain comprises an air curtain body provided with an air channel; the first baffle plate can open and close an inlet on the windward side of the air duct, and when the speed of the vehicle is lower than a preset speed value, the first baffle plate closes the inlet; when the vehicle speed reaches a preset speed value, the first shutter opens the entrance.
In the application process of the side air curtain, when the vehicle speed is lower than a preset speed value, namely in a static and low-speed state, the first baffle plate closes the inlet of the windward side of the air duct, namely the inlet is totally closed, the first baffle plate can keep continuity with the modeling surfaces on the two sides of the front bumper of the automobile, and a modeling designer can design a transition scheme of the modeling surfaces such as bright strips, arc structures and the like at the position without worrying about the problems of sections and hollowing at the position; when the vehicle speed reaches the preset speed value, namely when the vehicle runs at a high speed, the inlet is opened by the first baffle plate, so that the air flow at the front protection part enters the air channel of the air curtain body from the inlet and is guided to the two sides of the front wheel through the air channel, the separation of the air flow at the two sides of the vehicle body is avoided, the effect of reducing the wind resistance of the whole vehicle is achieved, and the mileage of the vehicle under the high-speed working condition is obviously improved.
In conclusion, the side air curtain provided by the invention realizes effective wind resistance reduction when the automobile runs at high speed, and simultaneously ensures the continuity of the front molding surfaces at two sides of the automobile in static and low-speed states.
The invention also provides an automobile which comprises a front protector, a front wheel cover and a side air curtain, wherein one end of the side air curtain is arranged on the front protector, the other end of the side air curtain is arranged on the front wheel cover, the side air curtain is any one side air curtain, and the side air curtain has the same effect as the side air curtain, so that the automobile with the side air curtain has the same effect, and the details are not repeated herein.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall position of a side curtain of air provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a side curtain of air according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another directional structure of a side curtain according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a side curtain of the present invention with the shutters in a closed position;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a side curtain of the present invention with the shutters in an open position;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a side curtain of the second embodiment of the present invention with the shutters in a closed position;
fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a side curtain of air in an open state according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a side air curtain, which realizes effective wind resistance reduction when an automobile runs at a high speed and simultaneously ensures the continuity of front molding surfaces at two sides of the automobile in static and low-speed states.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-7, a side air curtain according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an air curtain body 2 having an air duct 21; the vehicle speed control device further comprises a first baffle 6 capable of opening and closing an inlet on the windward side of the air duct 21, and when the vehicle speed is lower than a preset speed value, the first baffle 6 closes the inlet; when the vehicle speed reaches a preset speed value, the first shutter 6 opens the entrance.
In the application process of the side air curtain, when the vehicle speed is lower than a preset speed value, namely in a static and low-speed state, the first baffle 6 closes the inlet of the windward side of the air duct 21, namely the inlet is totally closed, the first baffle 6 can keep continuity with the modeling surfaces on the two sides of the automobile front bumper 01, and a modeling designer can design a transition scheme of the modeling surfaces such as bright strips, an arc structure and the like at the position without worrying about the problems of section and hollow-out at the position; when the vehicle speed reaches a preset speed value, namely, when the vehicle runs at a high speed, the first baffle 6 opens the inlet, so that airflow (shown as an arrow in figures 4-7) at the position of the front protector 01 enters the air duct 21 of the air curtain body 2 from the inlet and is guided to the two sides of the front wheel through the air duct 21, the separation of the airflow at the two sides of the vehicle body is avoided, the effect of reducing the wind resistance of the whole vehicle is achieved, and the endurance mileage of the vehicle under the high-speed working condition is obviously improved.
In conclusion, the side air curtain provided by the embodiment of the invention realizes effective wind resistance reduction when the automobile runs at high speed, and simultaneously ensures the continuity of the molding surfaces at two sides of the front bumper 01 of the automobile in static and low-speed states.
Preferably, the side curtain further includes a second baffle 4 capable of opening and closing an outlet on the leeward side of the air duct 21, and when the vehicle speed is lower than a preset speed value, the second baffle 4 closes the outlet; when the vehicle speed reaches a preset speed value, the second shutter 4 opens the outlet and is able to direct the gas exiting from the outlet with an optimum wind resistance.
It should be noted that the maximum opening of the second baffle 4 needs to be obtained through experiments, and it is ensured that the diversion angle of the second baffle 4 at this opening is the optimum angle for optimizing the wind resistance, the aerodynamic performance is optimum, and it is ensured that the maximum opening can be reached when the vehicle speed is greater than or equal to the preset speed value.
When the vehicle speed is lower than a preset speed value, namely in a static and low-speed state, the second baffle 4 closes the outlet on the leeward side of the air duct 21, namely the outlet is totally closed, and the second baffle 4 is in a closed state, so that the shielding continuity of the lining plate of the front wheel cover 03 is ensured, and the sensing quality of the whole vehicle is improved; when the vehicle speed reaches a preset speed value, namely, when the vehicle runs at a high speed, the second baffle 4 opens the outlet, so that the airflow in the air duct 21 is discharged, and the airflow is guided to the two sides of the front wheel by the second baffle 4, so that the airflow bypasses the front surface of the front tire, and the better wind resistance optimization is achieved.
It is understood that the present invention may also be provided without the second baffle 4, so that the outlet of the leeward side of the air duct 21 is a normally open opening.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first baffle 6 is hinged to the air curtain body 2, and in particular, the first baffle 6 is fixed to the inner wall of the air curtain body 2 near the inlet by a hinge, as shown in fig. 4 to 7.
The air curtain body 2 is further provided with a first elastic part 7, the first elastic part 7 has a first elastic force enabling the first baffle 6 to be in a state of closing the inlet, and when the vehicle speed reaches a preset speed value, the airflow pressure at the inlet can overcome the first elastic force to enable the first baffle 6 to be in a state of opening the inlet. The aerodynamic engineer determines the magnitude of the first elastic force by combining an actual vehicle model through experiments or numerical simulation analysis.
In this embodiment, when the vehicle is stationary, the first elastic force of the first elastic member 7 acts to completely close the first baffle 6 at the entrance, thereby ensuring the continuity and the aesthetic property of the front body design. When the vehicle moves, due to the impact of the air flow, the front force blows off the first blocking piece on the windward side of the side air curtain, so that the air flow can smoothly pass through the vehicle body, the dissipation of the air flow at the position is avoided, and the effect of reducing the wind resistance is achieved.
In conclusion, the air duct 21 is opened by automatically pushing the first blocking piece by the wind speed, so that the air duct has the advantages of accurate and quick response, high mechanical reliability and the like, and meanwhile, the number of parts is reduced, and the cost is reduced. It can be understood that the first baffle 6 can also be arranged on the air curtain body 2 in a pulling or rotating manner, so as to achieve the same effect of opening and closing the inlet through the first baffle 6, and the description of the invention is omitted here. The invention can also drive the first baffle 6 to open and close through the driving piece.
As shown in fig. 4, the first elastic element 7 is a first spring, one end of the first spring is disposed on the inner wall of the air duct 21 near the inlet, and the other end is disposed on the inner plate surface of the first baffle 6. The embodiment provides the first elastic force through the first spring, and the structure is simpler.
Alternatively, the first elastic member 7 may be a torsion spring passing through the hinge shaft of the first barrier 6, and the first elastic force is provided by a torsion force of the torsion spring.
The elasticity and tension of the first spring need to be obtained in experiments or numerical simulations, ensuring that the first flap 6 can be fully opened when the vehicle reaches a preset speed value.
In a further technical scheme, the second baffle 4 is hinged to the inflatable curtain body 2, and specifically, the second baffle 4 is fixed to the inner wall of the inflatable curtain body 2 close to the outlet through a hinge, as shown in fig. 4-7.
The air curtain body 2 is further provided with a second elastic piece 5, the second elastic piece 5 has a second elastic force enabling the second baffle 4 to be in a state of closing the outlet, and when the vehicle speed reaches a preset speed value, the airflow pressure of the air duct 21 can overcome the second elastic force to enable the second baffle 4 to be in a state of opening the outlet. The aerodynamic engineer needs to determine the magnitude of the second elastic force by combining experiments or numerical simulation analysis with an actual vehicle model.
In this embodiment, when the vehicle is stationary, the second damper 4 at the exit can be completely closed by the second elastic force of the second elastic member 5. When the vehicle moves, after the first baffle 6 opens the inlet of the air duct 21, with the increase of the speed, the second baffle 4 on the leeward side of the side air curtain is blown away by the front force under the impact of the air flow in the air duct 21, so that the air flow in the air duct 21 is discharged.
In conclusion, the invention automatically pushes the second baffle to open the outlet by depending on the wind speed to form the automatically openable side air curtain, and has the advantages of accurate and quick response, high mechanical reliability and the like, and simultaneously reduces the number of parts and the cost. It can be understood that the second baffle 4 can also be arranged on the inflatable curtain body 2 in a pulling or rotating manner, so as to achieve the same effect of opening and closing the outlet through the second baffle 4, and the description of the invention is omitted here. The invention can also drive the second baffle 4 to open and close through the driving piece.
As shown in fig. 4, the second elastic member 5 is a second spring, one end of the second spring is disposed on the inner wall of the air duct 21 near the inlet, and the other end of the second spring is disposed on the inner plate surface of the second baffle 4. The second spring provides the second elastic force, and the structure is simpler.
Alternatively, the second elastic member 5 may be a torsion spring passing through the hinge shaft of the second shutter 4, and the second elastic force is provided by a torsion force of the torsion spring.
The second spring force is required to ensure that the second baffle 4 is closed under the working conditions of vehicle standstill and low speed, and the second baffle 4 is ensured to be completely opened when the vehicle speed is higher than a preset speed value, so that the wind resistance of the vehicle can be effectively reduced when the vehicle runs at medium and high speed.
It should be noted that the tension and tension of the first spring and the second spring are different, and an aerodynamic engineer is required to set the force at the position according to the experimental result of a specific vehicle type during design, so that the first baffle 6 and the second baffle 4 can be opened when the vehicle speed is higher than a preset speed value, and meanwhile, the angle of the second baffle 4 when the maximum opening degree is reached needs to be verified and analyzed in a wind tunnel experiment, so that the air flow at the position is optimal, and the wind resistance of the whole vehicle is reduced.
In a particular embodiment, as shown in fig. 6-7, the first shutter 6 comprises a first branch plate 61 and a second branch plate 62, which cooperate to open and close the inlet. In this embodiment, the first shutter 6 is of a two-piece type, and for bidirectional opening and closing, the first branch plate 61 and the second branch plate 62 are provided with a first spring, and both are opened or closed at the same time, and just close all the inlets in the closed state.
Alternatively, the first shutter 6 may be a unitary shutter, and only one first spring needs to be provided to realize one-way opening and closing, as shown in fig. 4 to 5. Of course, the first baffle 6 may also be of three-piece type or the like.
The first baffle 6 can be designed according to the transition shape of the front bumper 01, and the continuity of the overall design of a designer is guaranteed as much as possible.
In order to facilitate the assembly of the side air curtain, one end of the air curtain body 2 is provided with a first mounting structure 1 used for being connected with a front bumper 01 of the vehicle, and the other end is provided with a second mounting structure 3 used for being connected with a front wheel cover 03 of the vehicle. Specifically, the first mounting structure 1 is a first connecting flange, and a first bolt is disposed on the first connecting flange. The second mounting structure 3 is a second connecting flange on which a second bolt is disposed. The air curtain body 2 can also be connected with a vehicle front bumper 01 and a vehicle front wheel cover 03 in a welding mode.
The preset speed value is 40-60 KPH. Preferably, the preset speed value is 50 KPH. The preset speed value can also be other values according to the actual vehicle type and the use occasion.
The side air curtain structure is simple, reliable and low in cost, and can meet the appearance design requirements of different vehicles by designing the shape and color of the first baffle 6, adjust the spring force according to the wind resistance and optimally determine the optimal maximum angle of the second baffle 4 according to the wind resistance so as to meet the requirements and balance of the appearance and performance of different vehicles.
In one application case of the invention: when a certain vehicle type is in a static state, the air duct 21 is shielded by the first baffle 6 and the second baffle 4, the problem of seeing through is solved, and the front protective 01 modeling surface is smooth in transition and is not interrupted. The first baffle 6 and the second baffle 4 of the air duct 21 are automatically blown away by wind in the driving process, so that the incoming flow at the front end of the vehicle smoothly passes through the front protector 01 to reach the front wheel cavity, the transition of the front end air flow is effectively ensured, the wind resistance of the whole vehicle is reduced, and the endurance mileage of the whole vehicle is improved. Through calculation and verification of wind tunnel tests, the side air curtain air duct 21 can reduce the wind resistance coefficient of the whole vehicle by 10-30counts, and improve the high-speed endurance mileage by 10-15 kilometers.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an automobile which comprises a front bumper 01, a front wheel cover 03 and a side air curtain 02, wherein one end of the side air curtain 02 is arranged on the front bumper 01, the other end of the side air curtain is arranged on the front wheel cover 03, and the side air curtain 02 is the side air curtain provided by any one of the embodiments, so that the effective wind resistance reduction is realized when the automobile runs at a high speed, and meanwhile, the continuity of molding surfaces on two sides of the front bumper 01 in a static state and a low-speed state is ensured.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A side air curtain comprises an air curtain body (2) provided with an air duct (21); it is characterized by also comprising:
a first shutter (6) capable of opening and closing an inlet of the windward side of the air duct (21), the first shutter (6) closing the inlet when the vehicle speed is less than a preset speed value; the first flap (6) opens the inlet when the vehicle speed reaches the preset speed value.
2. The side curtain of claim 1, further comprising:
a second shutter (4) capable of opening and closing an outlet on the leeward side of the air duct (21), the second shutter (4) closing the outlet when the vehicle speed is less than the preset speed value; when the vehicle speed reaches said preset speed value, said second flap (4) opens said outlet and is able to direct the gases exiting from said outlet with optimum windage.
3. Side curtain as in claim 2, characterized in that said first flap (6) is hinged on said curtain body (2);
the air curtain body (2) is further provided with a first elastic piece (7), the first elastic piece (7) has a first elastic force enabling the first baffle (6) to be in a state of closing the inlet, and when the vehicle speed reaches the preset speed value, the airflow pressure at the inlet can overcome the first elastic force to enable the first baffle (6) to be in a state of opening the inlet.
4. The side curtain as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first elastic member (7) is a first spring, one end of the first spring is disposed on the inner wall of the air duct (21) near the inlet, and the other end of the first spring is disposed on the inner panel surface of the first baffle (6).
5. Side curtain according to claim 3, wherein the second flap (4) is hinged on the curtain body (2);
the air curtain body (2) is further provided with a second elastic piece (5), the second elastic piece (5) has a second elastic force enabling the second baffle (4) to be in a state of closing the outlet, and when the vehicle speed reaches the preset speed value, the airflow pressure of the air duct (21) can overcome the second elastic force to enable the second baffle (4) to be in a state of opening the outlet.
6. The side curtain as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second elastic member (5) is a second spring, one end of the second spring is disposed on the inner wall of the air duct (21) near the inlet, and the other end is disposed on the inner panel surface of the second baffle (4).
7. Side curtain as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said first shutter (6) comprises a first branch plate (61) and a second branch plate (62) cooperating to open and close said inlet.
8. Side curtain according to claim 1, characterised in that the curtain body (2) is provided at one end with a first mounting structure (1) for connection with a vehicle front fender (01) and at the other end with a second mounting structure (3) for connection with a vehicle front wheel cover (03).
9. The side curtain of any of claims 2-8, wherein the predetermined speed value is 40-60 KPH.
10. An automobile comprising a front fender (01), a front wheel cover (03) and a side air curtain (02), one end of the side air curtain (02) being arranged on the front fender (01) and the other end being arranged on the front wheel cover (03), characterized in that the side air curtain (02) is a side air curtain as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201910080423.1A CN111483527A (en) | 2019-01-28 | 2019-01-28 | Side gas curtain and car |
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CN201910080423.1A CN111483527A (en) | 2019-01-28 | 2019-01-28 | Side gas curtain and car |
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Application publication date: 20200804 |