CN111482450A - Layered treatment method for heavy metals in soil - Google Patents
Layered treatment method for heavy metals in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111482450A CN111482450A CN202010273436.3A CN202010273436A CN111482450A CN 111482450 A CN111482450 A CN 111482450A CN 202010273436 A CN202010273436 A CN 202010273436A CN 111482450 A CN111482450 A CN 111482450A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for layered treatment of heavy metals in soil, which comprises the following steps: deeply turning the land to be processed; deeply digging strip-shaped ditches at certain intervals by adopting at least two soil digging and conveying plows of a soil heavy metal layered treatment device, spraying a certain amount of heavy metal treatment liquid through at least two nozzles, and mixing the soil dug in the strip-shaped ditches and the heavy metal treatment composition to obtain a mixture; spreading the mixture on the leveled ground by a distributor; burying the strip-shaped trench and leveling the ground by using a leveling component of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device; and (4) repeating the second step to the fourth step again in the advancing direction of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device vertical to the second step to deeply dig strip-shaped ditches in the net shape of the land to be treated and pour the heavy metal treatment liquid into the land to be treated. The method for layered treatment of the heavy metal in the soil provided by the invention provides a proper heavy metal treatment liquid and a heavy metal treatment composition on the basis of a device for layered treatment of the heavy metal in the soil, thereby further improving the effect of the soil treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polluted soil treatment, in particular to a method for layered treatment of heavy metals in soil.
Background
The heavy metal pollution of the soil is the phenomenon that the heavy metal in the soil is obviously higher than the primary content and causes the quality deterioration of the ecological environment because the metal is added into the soil by the activity of human beings, mainly mercury, arsenic, lead, chromium, cadmium and the like, and the heavy metal pollutes the soil, so that the heavy metal in the soil is obviously higher than the primary content and causes the quality deterioration of the ecological environment, the heavy metal pollution of the soil not only causes the productivity reduction of the soil and the yield reduction of grains, but also can accumulate in plants and animals and enter a food chain, or enter the respiratory tract of a human body through polluted air, and have strong interaction with protein, enzyme and the like after entering the human body, so that the heavy metal pollution of the.
The existing soil treatment method is mainly characterized in that a soil treatment agent and polluted soil are mixed and then directly paved on a land to be treated, or a liquid treatment agent is directly sprayed or poured on the ground surface of the land to be treated; in the method, the treatment effect is reduced because the treatment agent is not uniformly distributed and the treatment depth is shallow.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide a method for layered treatment of heavy metals in soil, which provides a proper heavy metal treatment liquid and a heavy metal treatment composition on the basis of a device for layered treatment of heavy metals in soil, and further improves the effect of soil treatment.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a soil heavy metal layered treatment method comprising the steps of:
step one, deeply ploughing a land to be processed, wherein the ploughing depth is 0.6-0.8 m;
deeply digging strip-shaped ditches at certain intervals by adopting at least two soil digging and conveying plows of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device, spraying a certain amount of heavy metal treatment liquid through at least two nozzles, and mixing the soil dug in the strip-shaped ditches and the heavy metal treatment composition according to the mass ratio of 11:2-11:5 to obtain a mixture for later use;
step three, spreading the mixture on the leveled ground by adopting a distributor;
burying the strip-shaped trench and leveling the ground by using a leveling component of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device;
fifthly, repeating the second step to the fourth step again in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device in the second step so as to deeply dig strip-shaped ditches in the shape of a net in the land to be treated and pour heavy metal treatment liquid into the ditches;
the soil heavy metal layered treatment device comprises a vehicle body; the two soil-excavating conveying plows are arranged below the vehicle body side by side at intervals, the two soil-excavating conveying plows are arc-shaped metal sheets with sharp ends, and the tail ends of the arc-shaped metal sheets are wound into a cylinder shape so as to form a conveying channel in the axial direction of the soil-excavating conveying plows; one end of each of the at least two spiral conveying cylinders is connected to the tail end of the arc-shaped metal sheet body, and the other end of each spiral conveying cylinder extends to the obliquely upper part of the vehicle body; the mixing box, it sets up on the automobile body, the mixing box still includes: the stirrer is arranged at the bottom of the mixing box; the first feeding hole is formed in the side wall of the mixing box, and the lower edge of the first feeding hole is higher than the upper end of the stirrer in the vertical direction; the second feed inlet is arranged at the upper end of the mixing box; the other ends of the at least two spiral conveying cylinders are communicated to the first feed inlet; the discharge ports are arranged on the side wall of the mixing box side by side and are arranged towards the rear of the vehicle body; the distributing device is arranged close to the rear end of the vehicle body, and an inner cavity of the distributing device is communicated with the first discharge ports through obliquely arranged conveying channels; the long-strip-shaped opening of the distributing device extends to the ground under the vehicle body through the through hole on the vehicle body; the storage box is arranged on the vehicle body, a second discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the storage box, and the first discharge hole is communicated with the second feed hole through a conveying pipeline; the leveling assembly is arranged behind the vehicle body and comprises at least two soil turning plows which are arranged below the vehicle body side by side at intervals, the at least two soil turning plows and the at least two soil digging and conveying plows are alternately arranged at intervals one by one in the axial direction of the vehicle body, and the at least two soil turning plows are positioned behind the at least two soil digging and conveying plows in the advancing direction of the vehicle body; in the advancing process of the vehicle body, the plowing depth of the at least two soil turning plows is smaller than the digging depth of the at least two soil digging and conveying plows; the disc harrow is positioned behind the at least two soil turning plows in the advancing direction of the vehicle body; the liquid storage tank is arranged on the vehicle body; at least two liquid guide pipes, one end of each liquid guide pipe is communicated to the bottom of the liquid storage tank, and the other end of each liquid guide pipe extends downwards and is respectively arranged behind the at least two soil digging and conveying plows; and the at least two nozzles are respectively arranged at the other ends of the at least two liquid guide pipes, and in the advancing direction of the vehicle body, the at least two nozzles are positioned in front of the at least two turning plows.
Preferably, the bottom of the mixing box is arranged obliquely towards the advancing direction of the vehicle body, and the bottom of the mixing box forms an included angle smaller than 20 degrees with the axial direction of the vehicle body.
Preferably, the mixing box further comprises a baffle conveying part, the baffle conveying part comprises a baffle plate with a groove and obliquely arranged in the mixing box, the lower edge and two side edges of the baffle plate are fixedly connected with the bottom of the mixing box and two corresponding inner side walls so as to divide the lower half part of the mixing box into a mixing cavity and a discharging cavity, and the stirrer is arranged in the mixing cavity; the groove is formed in the vertical direction of the baffle plate and is formed towards the mixing cavity; the spiral conveyor is embedded in the groove, the diameter of the spiral conveying cylinder is smaller than the depth of the groove in the vertical direction, and the height of the baffle is smaller than that of the mixing box.
Preferably, the plowing depth H of at least two plows during the traveling of the vehicle body1The depth H of excavation with at least two excavation transporting plows2Has a relationship of H1≤2/3H2。
Preferably, the bottom of storage case is for leaking hopper-shaped, and is close to the bottom of storage case is provided with the reciprocating sieve.
Preferably, the length of any one of the spiral delivery cylinders is less than 5 meters.
Preferably, in the second step, the distance between two adjacent grooves is 0.5-0.8m, the width of any groove is 0.1-0.4m, and the depth of any groove is 0.5-0.7 m.
Preferably, the shallow depth of the turn is less than 0.4 m.
Preferably, the preparation method of the heavy metal treatment liquid comprises the following steps:
mixing and fermenting 15 parts of forest land soil without heavy metal pollution, 8 parts of kitchen garbage, 2 parts of sugar residues and 1 part of corn straws to obtain a fermentation product, then leaching the fermentation product with 20 parts of water while stirring to obtain leacheate and residues, repeatedly leaching for 2-3 times, then combining the leacheate, and then diluting the leacheate by 500 times and 1000 times to obtain a heavy metal treatment solution;
the preparation method of the heavy metal treatment liquid comprises the following steps:
according to the weight portion, 5 portions of residue, 2 portions of quicklime, 1 portion of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate and 2 portions of diatomite are uniformly mixed and compressed into particles with the particle size of less than 2mm, and then the particles, 3 portions of activated carbon and 1 portion of fly ash are uniformly mixed to prepare the heavy metal treatment composition.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the method for layered treatment of the heavy metal in the soil provided by the invention adopts the heavy metal treatment liquid and the heavy metal treatment composition to carry out layered treatment on the heavy metal in the soil, thereby effectively improving the effect of the soil treatment.
The automobile body is used for bearing other subassemblies and realizes that walking soil is administered and contaminated soil is administered to normal position: the two sides of the vehicle body are provided with wheel bodies 101 which can advance at a certain speed according to actual needs under the driving of a tractor, at least two soil excavating and conveying plows are arranged below the vehicle body side by side at intervals, the at least two soil excavating and conveying plows are arc-shaped metal sheet bodies with tip ends, the tip ends of the two soil excavating and conveying plows face the advancing direction of the vehicle body, and the tail ends of the arc-shaped metal sheet bodies are wound into a cylindrical shape so as to form a conveying channel in the axial direction of the soil excavating and conveying plows; the method comprises the following steps of (1) digging soil with a certain depth, conveying the soil to a mixing box through at least two spiral conveying cylinders, crushing the dug soil in the mixing box, and fully mixing the crushed soil with a heavy metal treatment composition; finally, discharging the mixture to a distributing device through a plurality of first discharge ports, uniformly paving the mixed soil and heavy metal treatment composition on the ploughed soil through the distributing device, and communicating an inner cavity of the distributing device with the plurality of first discharge ports through obliquely arranged conveying channels; the connecting passage between the mixing box and the distributing device is reduced, so that the soil which just enters the mixing box is prevented from directly entering the distributing device to a certain extent, and the mixing effect is improved; in addition, the liquid reserve tank is used for storing heavy metal treatment liquid, when at least two soil digging and conveying plows dig the soil of getting certain degree of depth and form the bar ditch at its back, at least two catheter and two at least nozzles mutually support, in spouting the bar ditch with heavy metal treatment liquid according to the volume, later through distributing device cloth and flattening subassembly further mix and the flattening ground. In practical application, the leveling component is lifted and lowered through the hydraulic lifting rod 701 so as to adjust the height of the leveling component relative to the vehicle body and avoid influencing the traveling of the vehicle body.
To sum up, the soil heavy metal layered treatment device can spray heavy metal treatment liquid into the deeper position of heavy metal soil according to the volume while ploughing, and level the ground after covering the soil layer with the heavy metal treatment composition on the ploughed soil surface layer, and then carry out the deep treatment of layering to heavy metal contaminated soil to effectively improve the treatment effect.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a soil heavy metal layered treatment method according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a layered soil heavy metal remediation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the distribution of at least two earth moving plows, at least two earth turning plows and at least two nozzles relative to the vehicle body in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
the cross section structure schematic diagram of any base and the upright column on the base;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a layered soil heavy metal remediation device according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a layered soil heavy metal remediation device according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic perspective structural view of a soil heavy metal layered treatment device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
Example 1
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 3, the soil heavy metal layered treatment device in the method of the invention comprises a vehicle body 10; at least two soil transporting plows 20 which are arranged below the vehicle body side by side at intervals, wherein the two soil transporting plows are arc-shaped metal sheets with sharp ends, and the tail ends of the arc-shaped metal sheets are wound into a cylinder shape to form a transporting channel in the axial direction of the soil transporting plows; the rotating shaft 201 drives at least two soil digging and conveying plows to integrally rotate upwards or downwards so as to adjust the relative height between the tips of the soil digging and conveying plows and the ground; at least two spiral conveying cylinders 30, one ends of which are connected to the tail ends of the arc-shaped metal sheets, and the other ends of which extend obliquely upwards to the vehicle body; a mixing box 40 provided on the vehicle body, the mixing box further comprising: a stirrer 401 provided at the bottom of the mixing tank; the first feeding hole is formed in the side wall of the mixing box, and the lower edge of the first feeding hole is higher than the upper end of the stirrer in the vertical direction; the second feed inlet is arranged at the upper end of the mixing box; the other ends of the at least two spiral conveying cylinders are communicated to the first feed inlet; the discharge ports are arranged on the side wall of the mixing box side by side and are arranged towards the rear of the vehicle body; the distributing device 50 is arranged close to the rear end of the vehicle body, and an inner cavity of the distributing device is communicated with the first discharge ports through obliquely arranged conveying channels; the long strip-shaped opening 501 of the distributing device extends towards the ground under the vehicle body through a through hole on the vehicle body; the storage box 60 is arranged on the vehicle body, a second discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the storage box, and the first discharge hole is communicated with the second feed hole through a conveying pipeline; the leveling assembly 70 is arranged behind the vehicle body and comprises at least two soil turning plows 701 which are arranged below the vehicle body in a side-by-side spaced mode, the at least two soil turning plows and the at least two soil digging and conveying plows are alternately arranged in a one-to-one spaced mode in the axial direction of the vehicle body, and the at least two soil turning plows are located behind the at least two soil digging and conveying plows in the advancing direction of the vehicle body; in the advancing process of the vehicle body, the plowing depth of the at least two soil turning plows is smaller than the digging depth of the at least two soil digging and conveying plows; a disc harrow 702 which is positioned behind the at least two soil turning plows in the advancing direction of the vehicle body; a liquid storage tank 80 provided on the vehicle body; at least two liquid guide pipes, one end of each liquid guide pipe is communicated to the bottom of the liquid storage tank, and the other end of each liquid guide pipe extends downwards and is respectively arranged behind the at least two soil digging and conveying plows; at least two nozzles 801 respectively provided on the other ends of the at least two liquid guide pipes, and the at least two nozzles are located in front of the at least two turning plows in the traveling direction of the vehicle body.
In this scheme, the automobile body is used for bearing other subassemblies and realizes that walking soil is administered and normal position is administered and is polluted soil: the two sides of the vehicle body are provided with wheel bodies 101 which can advance at a certain speed according to actual needs under the driving of a tractor, at least two soil excavating and conveying plows are arranged below the vehicle body side by side at intervals, the at least two soil excavating and conveying plows are arc-shaped metal sheet bodies with tip ends, the tip ends of the two soil excavating and conveying plows face the advancing direction of the vehicle body, and the tail ends of the arc-shaped metal sheet bodies are wound into a cylindrical shape so as to form a conveying channel in the axial direction of the soil excavating and conveying plows; the method comprises the following steps of (1) digging soil with a certain depth, conveying the soil to a mixing box through at least two spiral conveying cylinders, crushing the dug soil in the mixing box, and fully mixing the crushed soil with a heavy metal treatment composition; finally, discharging the mixture to a distributing device through a plurality of first discharge ports, uniformly paving the mixed soil and heavy metal treatment composition on the ploughed soil through the distributing device, and communicating an inner cavity of the distributing device with the plurality of first discharge ports through obliquely arranged conveying channels; the connecting passage between the mixing box and the distributing device is reduced, so that the soil which just enters the mixing box is prevented from directly entering the distributing device to a certain extent, and the mixing effect is improved; in addition, the liquid reserve tank is used for storing heavy metal treatment liquid, when at least two soil digging and conveying plows dig the soil of getting certain degree of depth and form the bar ditch at its back, at least two catheter and two at least nozzles mutually support, in spouting the bar ditch with heavy metal treatment liquid according to the volume, later through distributing device cloth and flattening subassembly further mix and the flattening ground. In practical application, the leveling component is lifted and lowered through the hydraulic lifting rod 701 so as to adjust the height of the leveling component relative to the vehicle body and avoid influencing the traveling of the vehicle body.
To sum up, the soil heavy metal layered treatment device can spray heavy metal treatment liquid into the deeper position of heavy metal soil according to the volume while ploughing, and level the ground after covering the soil layer with the heavy metal treatment composition on the ploughed soil surface layer, and then carry out the deep treatment of layering to heavy metal contaminated soil to effectively improve the treatment effect.
As shown in fig. 4, in a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the mixing box is inclined toward the traveling direction of the vehicle body, and the bottom of the mixing box forms an included angle of less than 20 degrees with the axial direction of the vehicle body. The bottom of mixing box is less than 20 degrees with the contained angle of automobile body to block to a certain extent that the soil that just got into the mixing box directly gets into the distributing device, improves the mixed effect.
As shown in fig. 5, in a preferred embodiment, the mixing box further comprises a baffle conveying part 402, the baffle conveying part comprises a baffle 4021 with a groove and arranged in the mixing box in an inclined manner, the lower edge and two side edges of the baffle are fixedly connected with the bottom of the mixing box and two corresponding inner side walls so as to divide the lower half part of the mixing box into a mixing cavity 403 and a discharging cavity 404, and the stirrer is arranged in the mixing cavity; the groove is formed in the vertical direction of the baffle plate and is formed towards the mixing cavity; the spiral conveyor 4022 is embedded in the groove, the diameter of the spiral conveying cylinder is smaller than the depth of the groove in the vertical direction, and the height of the baffle is smaller than that of the mixing box. In this scheme, the composition is administered with the heavy metal to the fully mixed soil in the mixing chamber, and keeps off and separate the transport part, can block soil and heavy metal to administer the direct flow-out mixing chamber of composition on the one hand, and on the other hand accessible screw conveyer is quantitative again regularly to be administered the composition with mixed soil and heavy metal and is carried to ejection of compact intracavity, and then reentrant distributing device.
As shown in figure 2, in a preferred scheme, the plowing depths H of at least two soil turning plows are formed in the traveling process of the vehicle body1The depth H of excavation with at least two excavation transporting plows2In a relationship ofH1≤2/3H2。
As shown in fig. 5, in a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the storage box is funnel-shaped, and a vibrating screen is disposed near the bottom of the storage box. The aperture of the vibrating screen is larger than the maximum particle size of the heavy metal treatment composition, the heavy metal treatment composition is mainly conveyed by vibration promotion, and the heavy metal treatment composition is sieved as an auxiliary.
In a preferred embodiment, the length of any one of the spiral delivery cylinders is less than 5 meters. The length of any spiral delivery cylinder can be 1 meter, 2 meters, 3 meters, 4 meters or 4.5 meters, adjusted according to the height of the mixing box.
The method for treating heavy metal pollution by adopting the soil heavy metal layered treatment device (as shown in figure 1) is as follows:
example 2
A soil heavy metal layered treatment method comprises the following steps:
step one, deeply ploughing a land to be processed, wherein the ploughing depth is 0.6 m;
step two, deeply digging strip-shaped ditches at certain intervals by adopting at least two soil digging and conveying plows of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device, spraying a certain amount of heavy metal treatment liquid through at least two nozzles, and mixing the soil dug in the strip-shaped ditches and the heavy metal treatment composition according to the mass ratio of 11:2 to obtain a mixture for later use;
step three, spreading the mixture on the leveled ground by adopting a distributor;
burying the strip-shaped trench and leveling the ground by using a leveling component of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device;
fifthly, repeating the second step to the fourth step again in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device in the second step so as to deeply dig strip-shaped ditches in the shape of a net in the land to be treated and pour heavy metal treatment liquid into the ditches;
wherein, the distance between two adjacent strip-shaped grooves is 0.5-0.6m, the width of any strip-shaped groove is 0.1-0.2m, and the depth of any strip-shaped groove is 0.5-0.55 m.
The shallow depth was 0.35 m.
The preparation method of the heavy metal treatment liquid comprises the following steps:
mixing and fermenting 15 parts of forest land soil without heavy metal pollution, 8 parts of kitchen garbage, 2 parts of sugar residues and 1 part of corn straws to obtain a fermentation product, then leaching the fermentation product with 20 parts of water while stirring to obtain leacheate and residues, repeatedly leaching for 2 times, combining the leacheate, and then diluting the leacheate by 500 times to obtain a heavy metal treatment solution;
the preparation method of the heavy metal treatment liquid comprises the following steps:
according to the weight portion, 5 portions of residue, 2 portions of quicklime, 1 portion of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate and 2 portions of diatomite are uniformly mixed and compressed into particles with the particle size of less than 2mm, and then the particles, 3 portions of activated carbon and 1 portion of fly ash are uniformly mixed to prepare the heavy metal treatment composition.
Example 3
A soil heavy metal layered treatment method comprises the following steps:
step one, deeply ploughing a land to be treated, wherein the ploughing depth is 0.65-0.7 m;
step two, deeply digging strip-shaped ditches at certain intervals by adopting at least two soil digging and conveying plows of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device, spraying a certain amount of heavy metal treatment liquid through at least two nozzles, and mixing the soil dug in the strip-shaped ditches and the heavy metal treatment composition according to the mass ratio of 11:3 to obtain a mixture for later use;
step three, spreading the mixture on the leveled ground by adopting a distributor;
burying the strip-shaped trench and leveling the ground by using a leveling component of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device;
fifthly, repeating the second step to the fourth step again in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device in the second step so as to deeply dig strip-shaped ditches in the shape of a net in the land to be treated and pour heavy metal treatment liquid into the ditches;
wherein, the distance between two adjacent strip-shaped grooves is 0.6-0.7m, the width of any strip-shaped groove is 0.2-0.3m, and the depth of any strip-shaped groove is 0.6-0.7 m.
The shallow depth was 0.3 m.
The preparation method of the heavy metal treatment liquid comprises the following steps:
mixing and fermenting 15 parts of forest land soil without heavy metal pollution, 8 parts of kitchen garbage, 2 parts of sugar residues and 1 part of corn straws to obtain a fermentation product, then leaching the fermentation product with 20 parts of water while stirring to obtain leacheate and residues, repeatedly leaching for 2-3 times, combining the leacheate, and then diluting the leacheate by 800 times to obtain a heavy metal treatment solution;
the preparation method of the heavy metal treatment liquid comprises the following steps:
according to the weight portion, 5 portions of residue, 2 portions of quicklime, 1 portion of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate and 2 portions of diatomite are uniformly mixed and compressed into particles with the particle size of less than 2mm, and then the particles, 3 portions of activated carbon and 1 portion of fly ash are uniformly mixed to prepare the heavy metal treatment composition.
Example 4
A soil heavy metal layered treatment method comprises the following steps:
step one, deeply ploughing a land to be treated, wherein the ploughing depth is 0.7-0.8 m;
step two, deeply digging strip-shaped ditches at certain intervals by adopting at least two soil digging and conveying plows of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device, spraying a certain amount of heavy metal treatment liquid through at least two nozzles, and mixing the soil dug in the strip-shaped ditches and the heavy metal treatment composition according to the mass ratio of 11:5 to obtain a mixture for later use;
step three, spreading the mixture on the leveled ground by adopting a distributor;
burying the strip-shaped trench and leveling the ground by using a leveling component of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device;
fifthly, repeating the second step to the fourth step again in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device in the second step so as to deeply dig strip-shaped ditches in the shape of a net in the land to be treated and pour heavy metal treatment liquid into the ditches;
wherein, the distance between two adjacent strip-shaped grooves is 0.7-0.8m, the width of any strip-shaped groove is 0.3-0.4m, and the depth of any strip-shaped groove is 0.6-0.7 m.
The shallow depth was 0.2 m.
The preparation method of the heavy metal treatment liquid comprises the following steps:
mixing and fermenting 15 parts of forest land soil without heavy metal pollution, 8 parts of kitchen garbage, 2 parts of sugar residues and 1 part of corn straws to obtain a fermentation product, then leaching the fermentation product with 20 parts of water while stirring to obtain leacheate and residues, repeatedly leaching for 2-3 times, combining the leacheate, and then diluting the leacheate by 1000 times to obtain a heavy metal treatment solution;
the preparation method of the heavy metal treatment liquid comprises the following steps:
according to the weight portion, 5 portions of residue, 2 portions of quicklime, 1 portion of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate and 2 portions of diatomite are uniformly mixed and compressed into particles with the particle size of less than 2mm, and then the particles, 3 portions of activated carbon and 1 portion of fly ash are uniformly mixed to prepare the heavy metal treatment composition.
Comparative example 1
The heavy metal treatment solution in the same amount as that in example 2 is directly sprayed on the land to be treated.
Comparative example 2
The heavy metal treatment solution of example 3 was directly sprayed onto the plots to be treated.
Comparative example 3
The heavy metal treatment solution of example 4 was directly sprayed onto the plots to be treated.
Comparative example 4
The topsoil and the heavy metal treatment composition are mixed according to the proportion of the embodiment 2 and then applied to the land to be treated.
Comparative example 5
The topsoil and the heavy metal treatment composition are mixed according to the proportion of the embodiment 3 and then applied to the land to be treated.
Comparative example 6
The topsoil and the heavy metal treatment composition are mixed according to the proportion of the embodiment 4 and then applied to the land to be treated.
In the middle ten days of 4 months, the same plots to be treated are respectively arranged, after the plots to be treated are treated by the methods of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-6, spinach transplanting is carried out after stable balance for one month, the field water management is consistent with the normal facility agricultural production, the insect killing, weeding and watering are carried out timely, and pollution-free underground water is adopted for irrigation during the test period in order to prevent pollution while repairing; soil and plant samples were collected at the end of 6 months. Analyzing and measuring corresponding biological indexes and chemical indexes.
Collecting samples:
1. collecting plant samples: spinach was grown for one month and sampled by S-sampling, 9 points per plot to be treated. Washing with tap water, moistening with deionized water, drying with filter paper, weighing fresh weight of plant, deactivating enzyme at 105 deg.C for 0.5h, drying at 75 deg.C to constant weight, weighing dry weight, pulverizing sample, and measuring Cd content in plant, and averaging 9 points per plot to be treated.
2. Collecting a soil sample: the soil sample is also sampled by an S sampling method, the sampling depth is 0-20cm, and 9 points are arranged on each land to be processed. Taking 3 groups of plant rhizosphere soil, mixing uniformly, bagging and bringing back to a laboratory. The soil sample is naturally dried, mechanically crushed and sieved by a 80-mesh sieve. The prepared soil sample is used for measuring the heavy metal content of the soil, and an average value is taken at 9 points of each land to be treated.
Data statistics
The statistical results of the plant total cadmium content data are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1: after different treatments, the total cadmium content of the plants is changed to a certain extent, and the content of Cd in the spinach can reach the environmental quality evaluation standard of producing areas of edible agricultural products (less than or equal to 0.2 mg. kg < -1 >), wherein the effects of the examples 2 to 4 are better, the treatment effect of the example 3 is most obvious, and the effect is far better than that of other groups.
The statistical results of the effective cadmium content in the soil are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2: after different treatments, the content of Cd in the effective state of the polluted soil is reduced, wherein the repairing effect of the examples 2 to 4 is more obvious than that of other groups, and the effect of the example 3 is far better than that of other groups.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A soil heavy metal layered treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, deeply ploughing a land to be processed, wherein the ploughing depth is 0.6-0.8 m;
deeply digging strip-shaped ditches at certain intervals by adopting at least two soil digging and conveying plows of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device, spraying a certain amount of heavy metal treatment liquid through at least two nozzles, and mixing the soil dug in the strip-shaped ditches and the heavy metal treatment composition according to the mass ratio of 11:2-11:5 to obtain a mixture for later use;
step three, spreading the mixture on the leveled ground by adopting a distributor;
burying the strip-shaped trench and leveling the ground by using a leveling component of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device;
fifthly, repeating the second step to the fourth step again in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the soil heavy metal layered treatment device in the second step so as to deeply dig strip-shaped ditches in the shape of a net in the land to be treated and pour heavy metal treatment liquid into the ditches;
the soil heavy metal layered treatment device comprises a vehicle body; the two soil-excavating conveying plows are arranged below the vehicle body side by side at intervals, the two soil-excavating conveying plows are arc-shaped metal sheets with sharp ends, and the tail ends of the arc-shaped metal sheets are wound into a cylinder shape so as to form a conveying channel in the axial direction of the soil-excavating conveying plows; one end of each of the at least two spiral conveying cylinders is connected to the tail end of the arc-shaped metal sheet body, and the other end of each spiral conveying cylinder extends to the obliquely upper part of the vehicle body; the mixing box, it sets up on the automobile body, the mixing box still includes: the stirrer is arranged at the bottom of the mixing box; the first feeding hole is formed in the side wall of the mixing box, and the lower edge of the first feeding hole is higher than the upper end of the stirrer in the vertical direction; the second feed inlet is arranged at the upper end of the mixing box; the other ends of the at least two spiral conveying cylinders are communicated to the first feed inlet; the discharge ports are arranged on the side wall of the mixing box side by side and are arranged towards the rear of the vehicle body; the distributing device is arranged close to the rear end of the vehicle body, and an inner cavity of the distributing device is communicated with the first discharge ports through obliquely arranged conveying channels; the long-strip-shaped opening of the distributing device extends to the ground under the vehicle body through the through hole on the vehicle body; the storage box is arranged on the vehicle body, a second discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the storage box, and the first discharge hole is communicated with the second feed hole through a conveying pipeline; the leveling assembly is arranged behind the vehicle body and comprises at least two soil turning plows which are arranged below the vehicle body side by side at intervals, the at least two soil turning plows and the at least two soil digging and conveying plows are alternately arranged at intervals one by one in the axial direction of the vehicle body, and the at least two soil turning plows are positioned behind the at least two soil digging and conveying plows in the advancing direction of the vehicle body; in the advancing process of the vehicle body, the plowing depth of the at least two soil turning plows is smaller than the digging depth of the at least two soil digging and conveying plows; the disc harrow is positioned behind the at least two soil turning plows in the advancing direction of the vehicle body; the liquid storage tank is arranged on the vehicle body; at least two liquid guide pipes, one end of each liquid guide pipe is communicated to the bottom of the liquid storage tank, and the other end of each liquid guide pipe extends downwards and is respectively arranged behind the at least two soil digging and conveying plows; and the at least two nozzles are respectively arranged at the other ends of the at least two liquid guide pipes, and in the advancing direction of the vehicle body, the at least two nozzles are positioned in front of the at least two turning plows.
2. The soil heavy metal layered treatment method of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the mixing tank is arranged obliquely towards the traveling direction of the vehicle body, and the bottom of the mixing tank forms an included angle of less than 20 degrees with the axial direction of the vehicle body.
3. The soil heavy metal layered treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing tank further comprises a baffle conveying part, the baffle conveying part comprises a baffle plate with a groove and obliquely arranged in the mixing tank, the lower edge and two side edges of the baffle plate are fixedly connected with the bottom of the mixing tank and two corresponding inner side walls so as to divide the lower half part of the mixing tank into a mixing cavity and a discharging cavity, and the stirrer is arranged in the mixing cavity; the groove is formed in the vertical direction of the baffle plate and is formed towards the mixing cavity; the spiral conveyor is embedded in the groove, the diameter of the spiral conveying cylinder is smaller than the depth of the groove in the vertical direction, and the height of the baffle is smaller than that of the mixing box.
4. The soil heavy metal layered treatment method of claim 1, wherein the plowing depths H of at least two plows are formed during the vehicle body traveling process1The depth H of excavation with at least two excavation transporting plows2Has a relationship of H1≤2/3H2。
5. The soil heavy metal layered treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom of the storage tank is funnel-shaped, and a vibrating screen is arranged near the bottom of the storage tank.
6. The soil heavy metal layered treatment method of claim 1, wherein the length of any one of the spiral delivery cylinders is less than 5 meters.
7. The soil heavy metal layered treatment method of claim 1, wherein in the second step, the distance between two adjacent strip-shaped ditches is 0.5-0.8m, the width of any strip-shaped ditch is 0.1-0.4m, and the depth of any strip-shaped ditch is 0.5-0.7 m.
8. The soil heavy metal layered treatment method of claim 1, wherein the shallow depth of turn is less than 0.4 m.
9. The soil heavy metal layered treatment method of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the heavy metal treatment solution is as follows:
mixing and fermenting 15 parts of forest land soil without heavy metal pollution, 8 parts of kitchen garbage, 2 parts of sugar residues and 1 part of corn straws to obtain a fermentation product, then leaching the fermentation product with 20 parts of water while stirring to obtain leacheate and residues, repeatedly leaching for 2-3 times, then combining the leacheate, and then diluting the leacheate by 500 times and 1000 times to obtain a heavy metal treatment solution;
the preparation method of the heavy metal treatment liquid comprises the following steps:
according to the weight portion, 5 portions of residue, 2 portions of quicklime, 1 portion of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate and 2 portions of diatomite are uniformly mixed and compressed into particles with the particle size of less than 2mm, and then the particles, 3 portions of activated carbon and 1 portion of fly ash are uniformly mixed to prepare the heavy metal treatment composition.
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