CN111480741A - 一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的制备及应用 - Google Patents
一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的制备及应用，属于饲料添加剂领域；本发明的哺乳期母猪的饲料添加剂是由纳米胶束包裹的益生菌、酶、小肽以及益生菌营养物质缓释微丸组成；在普通饲料中添加本发明的添加剂，可以增加哺乳期的母猪进食质量，解决母猪在哺乳期中掉膘严重的问题；本发明的哺乳期母猪的饲料添加剂，可以增强母猪对饲料的利用率和母猪母乳中的脂肪和蛋白质的含量，促进仔猪的健康成长；本发明的哺乳期母猪的饲料添加剂，增加母猪在哺乳期的免疫力和减少母猪断奶后的的发情时间，增强仔猪的成活率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的制备及应用，属于饲料添加剂领域。
技术背景
随着生活水平的提高，人们对猪肉的需要求量越来越高，这使得越来越多的养殖企业为了追求经济效益，使用特制的饲料提高母猪的产仔量，从而造成了母猪的猪乳供应不足。在我国集约化规模猪场，哺乳期母猪采食量过低，营养和能量摄入不足，导致母猪奶水不足、乳品质不高的情况频发。
目前，养殖企业一般给母猪注射激素来催乳，虽然催乳速度快，但是会影响母猪产后身体的恢复和健康；因此不少学者对中药催乳进行了研究，而且制备出许多不同种类的催乳剂，这些催乳剂虽然在催乳上有一定的效果，但是这些催乳剂没有考虑到药物的选用是否会影响母猪的食欲，使得母猪对催乳剂的采食量低，在一定程度上影响了催乳效果。
抗生素饲料添加剂在畜禽中长期应用导致病原微生物抗药性的增加以及其在畜禽产品中的残留等直接影响人类健康，有人呼吁停用抗生素作为饲料添加剂。近年，欧盟和美国先后禁止部分抗生素在饲料中的添加，日本的饲料安全法对抗生素在饲料中的添加及其使用作了严格规定。生物抗生素在养殖业应用不成熟，因为生物抗生素为多肽，小肽和蛋白质，在进入家畜体内被胃酸分解而失去活性，达不到抗炎和增强免疫的效果。
发明内容
为了解决以上的不足，本发明研发了一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的制备及应用，本发明的哺乳期母猪饲料由哺乳期母猪饲料添加剂和基础饲料组成：本发明的饲料添加剂由纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌、纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶、纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽和益生菌营养物质缓释微丸组成。
本发明的基础饲料成分为：玉米粉20～45％、稻谷10～15％、高粱10～25％、青稞10～15％、豆粕20～30％；所述的哺乳期母猪饲料添加剂占哺乳期母猪的饲料的2～5％。
本发明一个目的是提供了一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的制备。
本发明另一个目的是提供了一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的应用。
本发明的纳米胶束的分子式为式(Ⅰ)：
其中：n＝20～50，m＝20～50。
本发明的纳米胶束包裹的益生菌为保加利亚乳杆菌、酿酒酵母、毕赤酵母、双歧杆菌，枯草芽孢杆菌以及粪杆菌。
本发明的纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶包括：蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、纤维素酶、中性植酸酶。
本发明的纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽是用木瓜蛋白酶水解猪肉肌纤维蛋白，然后经过截留分子量800～1200D透析袋，将小肽透析过透析袋，取透析袋外面的溶液冻干之成的。
本发明的纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌的制作方法为：将益生菌的混合物和纳米胶束按照质量1:1比例溶解在磷酸缓冲溶液中然后喷雾干燥得到纳米胶束包裹的益生菌。
本发明的纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶的制作方法为：将酶的混合物和纳米胶束按照质量1:1比例溶解在磷酸缓冲溶液中然后喷雾干燥得到纳米胶束包裹的酶。
本发明的纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽的制作方法为：将小肽的混合物和纳米胶束按照质量1:1比例溶解在磷酸缓冲溶液中然后喷雾干燥得到纳米胶束包裹的小肽。
本发明益生菌营养物质缓释微丸成分为：尿素为50～80重量份，ZnCl2·2H2O为0.25～0.5重量份，MnCl2·4H2O为0.04～0.06重量份，CoCl2·6H2O为0.5～1.0重量份，NH4HCO3为10～15重量份，NaHCO3为0.5～1.2重量份，Na2HPO4·12H2O为0.45～0.6重量份，KH2PO4为0.32～0.6重量份，MgSO4·7H2O为0.06～0.15重量份。
本发明缓释微丸的原辅料组成：喹烯酮20～30％、沸石粉45～65％、滑石粉3～5％、交联羧甲基纤维素钠2～6％、羟丙基甲基纤维素3～8％。
本发明益生菌营养物质缓释微丸的应用方法为：
a、称取益生菌营养物质、喹烯酮、沸石粉、滑石粉和交联羧甲基纤维素钠，置于湿法制粒机中混合，转速设置600～800rpm，搅拌时间5～10min。
b、加入羟丙基甲基纤维素制软材，设置搅拌速度1000～1200rpm、剪切速度600～800rpm，加入浓度为1％w/w的黏合剂水溶液，软材制备时间3～5min。
c、将软材进行挤出滚圆，挤出转速40～50rpm，制备成微丸，过筛，筛板孔径0.3～0.4mm，滚圆转速1700～1900rpm，滚圆时间3～5min，得缓释微丸。
d、将c步骤制得的微丸在55～65℃以下干燥，过50～100目筛。
e、重复步骤b～d，2～3次后，过30～60目筛。
本发明的益生菌营养物质缓释微丸制作的优选为：尿素为60重量份，ZnCl2·2H2O为0.4重量份，MnCl2·4H2O为0.05重量份，CoCl2·6H2O为0.8重量份，NH4HCO3为12重量份，NaHCO3为0.8重量份，Na2HPO4·12H2O为0.64重量份，KH2PO4为0.5重量份，MgSO4·7H2O为0.09重量份。
本发明缓释微丸的原辅料成分组成优选为：喹烯酮25％、沸石粉60％、滑石粉4％、交联羧甲基纤维素钠6％、羟丙基甲基纤维素5％。
本发明益生菌营养物质缓释微丸的应用方法为：
a、称取益生菌营养物质、喹烯酮、沸石粉、滑石粉和交联羧甲基纤维素钠，置于湿法制粒机中混合，转速设置700rpm，搅拌时间5min。
b、加入羟丙基甲基纤维素制软材，设置搅拌速度1100rpm、剪切速度700rpm，加入浓度为1％w/w的黏合剂水溶液，软材制备时间3min。
c、将软材进行挤出滚圆，挤出转速40rpm，制备成微丸，过筛，筛板孔径0.3～0.4mm，滚圆转速1700～1900rpm，滚圆时间3～5min，得缓释微丸。
d、将c步骤制得的微丸在60℃以下干燥，过60～80目筛。
e、重复步骤b～d，2～3次后，过40～50目筛。
本发明的纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌、纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶、纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽中纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌、纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶、纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽比例为(5～12)：(2～5)：(1～3)。
本发明的纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌、纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶和纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽在母猪的强酸的胃中稳定，在母猪的小肠中缓慢释放。
本发明的纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌和益生菌营养物质缓释微丸的比例为(1～5)：(12～36)。
本发明缓释微丸的释放时间为6～10h。
本发明的添加剂用于提高哺乳期母猪饲料的利用率和产乳量。
本发明的的添加剂在增强哺乳期母猪和仔猪的免疫力。
有益效果：
有益菌在哺乳动物的强酸胃中很快的被胃酸杀死或者消化失活，只有1％不到的益生菌才能到达小肠中发挥作用，造成了有益菌的浪费；酶和小肽也会在猪的胃的强酸中失活，达不到帮助消化多的目的；本发明的纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌、纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶和纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽，保证益生菌，酶和小肽的活性在90％以上。帮助母猪在肠胃消化，增加母猪对食物的利用率，同时能增加母猪的产奶量和增强母猪的免疫力和仔猪成活率。
本发明通过添加益生菌营养物质缓释微丸，缓释微丸在肠道中缓慢释放包含在里面的益生菌需要的无机盐、氮源和碳源，能提供长时间给微生物提供繁殖需要的营养物质，促进益生菌的繁殖，增加益生菌在肠道中的数量，促进母猪对食物的消化。缓释微丸防止益生菌营养物质全部释放时杀死有益菌和对小肠刺激过多，出现肠胃不适的反应，例如：引起拉肚子和肠鸣。
本发明的饲料营养更加均衡，哺乳期母猪生病率低、仔猪生病率低、每日泌乳量高、乳蛋白含量高、乳脂肪含量高等优点，优于市面上饲料的配比。
下面结合实施例子进一步说明本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。除非另外说明，否则百分比和份数按重量计算。
实施例1
纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌、纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶、纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽的制作方法
1)将木瓜蛋白酶水解的猪肉纤维蛋白，然后过滤未被分解的纤维蛋白，然后倒入到截留分子量800～1200D透析袋中，放入摇床中，每分钟震荡10～15次，2h换一次水，收集透析袋外的水，冷冻干燥得到木瓜蛋白酶水解的猪肉纤维蛋白的小肽。
2)将步骤1)得到的小肽和益生菌、酶按照1：2：4的比例混合均匀，得到混合物。
3)将步骤2)中的混合物和纳米胶束按照1:1的比例溶解在缓冲溶液中，然后喷雾干燥得到纳米胶束包裹的益生菌、纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶、纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽。
本实施例子的益生菌为保加利亚乳杆菌、酿酒酵母、毕赤酵母、双歧杆菌，枯草芽孢杆菌以及粪杆菌。
本实施例子的酶包括：蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、纤维素酶、中性植酸酶。
实施例2
益生菌营养物质缓释微丸的应用方法为：
a、称取益生菌营养物质80％、喹烯酮5％、沸石粉12％、滑石粉0.8％、交联羧甲基纤维素钠1.2％，置于湿法制粒机中混合，转速设置700rpm，搅拌时间5min；
b、加入羟丙基甲基纤维素制软材1％，设置搅拌速度1100rpm、剪切速度700rpm，加入浓度为1％w/w的黏合剂水溶液，软材制备时间3min；
c、将软材进行挤出滚圆，挤出转速40rpm，制备成微丸，过筛，筛板孔径0.3～0.4mm，滚圆转速1700～1900rpm，滚圆时间3～5min，得缓释微丸；
d、将c步骤制得的微丸在60℃以下干燥，过60～80目筛；
e、重复步骤b～d，2～3次后，过40～50目筛。
本发明的益生菌营养物质成分为：尿素为50重量份，ZnCl2·2H2O为0.4重量份，MnCl2·4H2O为0.04重量份，CoCl2·6H2O为0.5重量份，NH4HCO3为10重量份，NaHCO3为0.5重量份，Na2HPO4·12H2O为0.45重量份，KH2PO4为0.32重量份，MgSO4·7H2O为0.06重量份。
实施例3
益生菌营养物质缓释微丸的应用方法为：
a、称取益生菌营养物质85％、喹烯酮4.5％、沸石粉8.5％、滑石粉0.6％、交联羧甲基纤维素钠0.8％，置于湿法制粒机中混合，转速设置700rpm，搅拌时间5min；
b、加入羟丙基甲基纤维素制软材0.6％，设置搅拌速度1100rpm、剪切速度700rpm，加入浓度为1％w/w的黏合剂水溶液，软材制备时间3min；
c、将软材进行挤出滚圆，挤出转速40rpm，制备成微丸，过筛，筛板孔径0.3～0.4mm，滚圆转速1700～1900rpm，滚圆时间3～5min，得缓释微丸；
d、将c步骤制得的微丸在60℃以下干燥，过60～80目筛；
e、重复步骤b～d，2～3次后，过40～50目筛。
本发明的益生菌营养物质成分为：尿素为60重量份，ZnCl2·2H2O为0.4重量份，MnCl2·4H2O为0.05重量份，CoCl2·6H2O为0.8重量份，NH4HCO3为12重量份，NaHCO3为0.8重量份，Na2HPO4·12H2O为0.64重量份，KH2PO4为0.5重量份，MgSO4·7H2O为0.09重量份。
实施例4哺乳期母猪饲料添加剂制备
将实施例1的纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌、纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶、纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽和实施例2的益生菌营养物质缓释微丸按照(1～5)：(12～36)混合均匀得到哺乳期母猪饲料添加剂。本发明的哺乳期母猪饲料添加剂的使用量为饲料的2～3％。
实施例5哺乳期母猪的饲料的制备1
哺乳期母猪饲料添加剂2％和基础饲料配比玉米粉40％、稻谷10％、高粱15％、青稞15％、豆粕20％。
实施例6哺乳期母猪的饲料的制备2
哺乳期母猪饲料添加剂3％和基础饲料配比玉米粉40％、稻谷10％、高粱15％、青稞15％、豆粕20％。
实施例7哺乳期母猪的饲料的制备3
哺乳期母猪饲料添加剂4％和基础饲料配比玉米粉40％、稻谷10％、高粱15％、青稞15％、豆粕20％。
实施例8山东苏柯汉生物工程股份有限公司饲料发明的猪饲泌宝SB64基础料
本发明的哺乳期母猪饲料添加剂4％，玉米64％膨化豆粕(粗蛋白≥34％)22％，小麦麦麸10％。
实施例9哺乳期母猪饲料添加剂的应用
猪场提供体重300公斤左右的健康的哺乳期母猪200头，随机分为5组，每组40只，每头母猪产仔10～12头。分别饲喂(实施例8)和实施例5～7饲料与市面购买的饲料(对照组)。猪舍通风保温条件良好，舍温保持在15～20度。试验期间，母猪每次同样的重量饲养这5组的实验母猪，自由饮水，并按照猪场常规饲养管理程序进行管理。在饲养过程中只疫苗防疫不药物保健。生产后至断奶，检测以下指标：哺乳期母猪生病率、仔猪生病率、每日泌乳量、乳蛋白含量、乳脂肪含量(均取平均值)，实验结果如下：
| 项目 | 对照组 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 |
| 哺乳期母猪生病率％ | 7.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0 | 5 |
| 仔猪生病率％ | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 2 |
| 每日泌乳量g/头 | 1025 | 1064 | 1110 | 1126 | 1070 |
| 乳蛋白含量％ | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.0 |
| 乳脂肪含量％ | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.6 |
结果表明，通过对照组对比发现，使用含有实施例4制备的饲料添加剂的猪饲料饲喂哺乳期母猪，不但能改善母猪的身体状况提高母猪的泌乳量和质量，又能提高哺乳仔猪和母猪的抗病能力。市面上购买的饲料添加本发明的饲料添加剂能改善母猪的身体状况提高母猪的泌乳量和质量，又能提高哺乳仔猪和母猪的抗病能力。
市场购买的饲料为郑州北牧大饲料有限公司生产的哺乳母猪配合全价颗粒料：BD-556。
Claims (6)
1.一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的制备及应用，其特征在于，所述的哺乳期母猪饲料由哺乳期母猪饲料添加剂和基础饲料组成：
所述的饲料添加剂包含：纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌、纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶、纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽以及肠溶益生菌营养物质缓释微丸组成；
所述的基础饲料成分为：玉米粉20～45％、稻谷10～15％、高粱10～25％、青稞10～15％、豆粕20～30％；
所述的哺乳期母猪饲料添加剂占哺乳期母猪的饲料的2～5％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的制备及应用，其特征在于，所述的饲料添加剂中：纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌、纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶、纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽的比例为(5～12)：(2～5)：(1～3)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的制备及应用，其特征在于，所述的纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌、纳米胶束包裹肠溶酶和纳米胶束包裹肠溶小肽在母猪的强酸的胃中稳定，在母猪的小肠中缓慢释放。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的制备及应用，其特征在于，所述的益生菌营养物质缓释微丸的释放时间为6～10h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的制备及应用，其特征在于，所述的纳米胶束包裹肠溶益生菌和益生菌营养物质缓释微丸的比例为(1～5)：(12～36)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高产乳量的哺乳期母猪饲料的制备及应用，其特征在于，所述的添加剂用于提高哺乳期母猪饲料的利用率和产乳量。
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Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030012819A1 (en) * | 2001-01-25 | 2003-01-16 | Ko Thomas S.Y. | Method of preparing biological materials and preparations produced using same |
| CN106819385A (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-13 | 广州广力莱生物科技有限公司 | 一种哺乳母猪浓缩饲料 |
| US20180125808A1 (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2018-05-10 | Akeso Biomedical, Inc. | Biofilm inhibiting compositions enhancing weight gain in livestock |
| CN110150485A (zh) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-08-23 | 云南省畜牧兽医科学院 | 一种用于辅助乳仔猪健康生长的生物饲料添加剂 |
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| US20030012819A1 (en) * | 2001-01-25 | 2003-01-16 | Ko Thomas S.Y. | Method of preparing biological materials and preparations produced using same |
| US20180125808A1 (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2018-05-10 | Akeso Biomedical, Inc. | Biofilm inhibiting compositions enhancing weight gain in livestock |
| CN106819385A (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-13 | 广州广力莱生物科技有限公司 | 一种哺乳母猪浓缩饲料 |
| CN110150485A (zh) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-08-23 | 云南省畜牧兽医科学院 | 一种用于辅助乳仔猪健康生长的生物饲料添加剂 |
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| 龚阿琼 等: "《益生菌微生态制剂及包埋技术研究进展》", 《国外畜牧学-猪与禽》 * |
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