CN111470926A - Rock blasting device and method - Google Patents
Rock blasting device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111470926A CN111470926A CN202010358821.8A CN202010358821A CN111470926A CN 111470926 A CN111470926 A CN 111470926A CN 202010358821 A CN202010358821 A CN 202010358821A CN 111470926 A CN111470926 A CN 111470926A
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- rock
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- nitrogen chamber
- infrared receiver
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/04—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by auto-decomposition of single substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/02—Preparation of nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/04—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B35/00—Compositions containing a metal azide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
Abstract
The invention relates to a rock blasting device which comprises a shell body enclosed by a base and a side wall, wherein a power supply module, an infrared receiver and a nitrogen chamber are arranged in the shell body from top to bottom, the infrared receiver is electrically connected with the power supply module, the nitrogen chamber is enclosed by the side wall of the shell body, the top and the bottom in the nitrogen chamber are respectively provided with a collision module and an air injection box, the collision module is electrically connected with the power supply module and the infrared receiver, a medicine storage box filled with reactants is arranged in the air injection box, the medicine storage box is made of fragile materials, the air injection box is composed of a movable cover plate and a side plate full of small holes, the side wall is provided with a plurality of outward movable outer supporting sheets, and the outer supporting sheets are communicated with the nitrogen chamber and can be opened outwards under the action of air pressure. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, cost reduction, safety, environmental protection, convenient control, low noise and simple operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical blasting, in particular to a rock blasting device and a rock blasting method.
Background
With the rapid development of the capital construction industry in China, the foundation pit is the most common and crucial step in various building projects, the excavation of the foundation pit has many difficulties, and the particularly obvious process is rock blasting. In some deep foundation pit projects, rock blasting consumes more manpower, financial resources and material resources, and in order to shorten the construction period and save the cost, new rock breaking tools and techniques are continuously developed in the building industry. However, the existing widely used foundation pit rock breaking technology, namely the hydraulic breaking hammer rock breaking technology has certain defects, and has the problems of long time consumption, easy generation of fragments to hurt people, dust pollution, large noise to influence the environment and high cost, and the explosive has the advantages of large explosive blasting destructiveness, high danger, large dust, difficult control and high noise.
In addition, in recent years, static blasting has become a hot topic, and gas blasting entering the public field of vision currently belongs to carbon dioxide blasting. Carbon dioxide blasting is also known as gas expander, carbon dioxide blasting, carbon dioxide expander. The blasting equipment is used for rapidly releasing high-pressure gas to break and loosen rocks by utilizing the liquid carbon dioxide to be heated, vaporized and expanded. The method is widely applicable to various mines (such as stone ores, iron ores, coal mines, gold ores and the like), tunnels, galleries, trench rises, road construction, frozen soil layer loosening and other projects. However, the carbon dioxide system has a certain complexity and is currently under international concern for global warming, and the main factor of global warming is the increase in the emission of carbon dioxide, which may cause the greenhouse effect. Therefore, the method breaks the situation that the rock does not accord with the current environmental protection concept.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the rock blasting device and the rock blasting method which have the advantages of simple structure, cost reduction, safety, environmental protection, convenient control, low noise and simple operation.
In order to solve the problems, the rock blasting device comprises a shell which is formed by enclosing a base and a side wall, a power supply module, an infrared receiver and a nitrogen chamber are arranged in the shell from top to bottom, the infrared receiver is electrically connected with the power supply module, the nitrogen chamber is formed by enclosing the side wall of the shell, a collision module and an air injection box are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom in the nitrogen chamber, the collision module is electrically connected with the power supply module and the infrared receiver, a medicine storage box filled with reactants is arranged in the air injection box, the medicine storage box is made of fragile materials, the air injection box is composed of a movable cover plate and a side plate full of small holes, a plurality of outward-movable outer supporting sheets are arranged on the side wall, and the outer supporting sheets are communicated with the nitrogen chamber and can be opened outwards under the action of air pressure.
Further, the reactant is a mixture of sodium azide, potassium sulfide and silicon dioxide.
Further, nitrogen chamber top still is provided with the temperature control module who is used for controlling nitrogen indoor temperature, temperature control module and power module and infrared receiver electric connection, temperature control module includes the heating plate. The temperature control module is controlled by the infrared receiver, so that the heating sheet can heat the nitrogen chamber under remote control, the pressure is increased, the outer support sheet continuously acts on the rock to prop and crack the rock, the structure is simple, the control is convenient, and the cost is reduced.
Further, the temperature control module also comprises a heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer is arranged between the power supply module and the heating sheet. The power and the heating plate are separated by the heat insulation layer, so that the power is protected from being damaged, and the blasting reaction process and effect are prevented from being influenced.
Further, the shell also comprises a pressure relief valve for releasing gas, and the pressure relief valve is electrically connected with the power module and the infrared receiver. The pressure relief valve is used for preventing gas from remaining in the nitrogen chamber after the reaction is finished, and the pressure in the nitrogen chamber is balanced by remotely controlling the pressure relief valve, so that the recovery device and the reaction slag are convenient.
Further, the movable cover plate can be opened towards the inner part of the jet box under the collision action. The position of the air injection box is opposite to that of the collision module, the collision module receives an instruction transmitted by the infrared receiver and then collides the medicine storage box in the air injection box so as to generate a first collision reaction, the movable cover plate is connected with the air injection box through the buckle and can be opened in the box body under the collision effect and can not be popped up under the buckle effect, the movable cover plate firstly receives the collision when the collision starts, and the collision is transmitted to the medicine storage box so as to generate subsequent series reactions and be convenient to control.
Further, the collision module comprises a collision device and a collision ball capable of colliding downwards, and the position of the collision ball corresponds to the air injection box. The collision device is connected with the infrared receiver, receives the remote control command through the infrared receiver, releases the collision ball to generate collision reaction, has simple structure and convenient control, and can ensure the personal safety by remotely controlling the collision reaction.
Further, the power module includes a power source and a conduit. The power-on module is connected with the infrared receiver, the collision module, the temperature control module and the pressure relief valve, controls the blasting device to realize reactions in different stages, is easy to control and ensures safety.
The invention also designs a rock blasting method, which is characterized in that: the blasting is carried out by using the rock blasting device, which comprises the following steps,
1) determining the position of rock to be blasted, and drilling the rock to the size suitable for placing the rock into the shell;
2) filling a mixture of reactants including sodium azide, potassium nitrate and silicon dioxide in the medicine storage box, placing the medicine storage box in the gas injection box, covering the movable cover plate, and placing the shell at the rock opening after confirming that each module in the device is normal;
3) a collision instruction is sent out through remote control, and the infrared receiver receives the instruction and then transmits the instruction to the collision module;
4) the collision module collides with the movable cover plate under the action of gravity, the movable cover plate opens into the air injection box to collide with the reactant in the medicine storage box, and the first collision reaction is 2NaN3(bump) → 2Na +3N2(↑)
A large amount of nitrogen is instantaneously released and sprayed out of the small holes on the side plates to the nitrogen chamber, so that the pressure is increased, and the outer supporting sheet instantaneously impacts the rock to loosen the rock.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps,
5) the heating sheet is heated by remote control, so that sodium metal generated by the first collision reaction continuously performs a second pressure-increasing reaction with potassium nitrate and silicon dioxide to obtain 4Na + O2→2Na2O
10Na+2KNO3+6SiO2→5Na2SiO3+K2SiO3+N2(↑)
The nitrogen is continuously released to ensure that the pressure of the nitrogen chamber (2) is continuously increased, the outer supporting sheet continuously acts on the rock to crack the rock, and simultaneously, the sodium azide which is not completely reacted in the medicine storage box in the heating state continuously reacts into
2NaN3(heated) → 2Na +3N2(↑)
Continuously releasing a large amount of nitrogen to flush into the nitrogen chamber;
further, the method also comprises the following steps,
6) and after the blasting is finished, remotely controlling the pressure relief valve to relieve the pressure, taking out the shell and recovering the reaction slag.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the advantages of simple structure, cost reduction, safety, environmental protection, convenient control, low noise and simple operation. The infrared receiver is electrically connected with the power supply module and used for receiving a remote control signal to control the reaction process, so that the control is convenient, the safety of operators can be ensured, the cost of the gaseous blasting is reduced, the safety and the environmental protection are realized, and the noise is low; the collision module is used for colliding reactants in the medicine storage box to generate a large amount of gas so as to increase the pressure of the nitrogen chamber, so that the outer support sheet applies instant impact force to the rock to loosen the rock, the gas injection box is convenient for the reaction of the reactants in the medicine storage box and the gas generated by the reaction to be led to the nitrogen chamber, the reaction slag is convenient to recycle, and the device is safe, environment-friendly and simple to operate; the medicine storage box is made of fragile materials, so that gas generated by reaction can be released during impact; the outer supporting sheet is arranged on the side wall of the shell and can be pressed to apply thrust to the rock so as to explode the rock. According to the invention, the rock blasting is realized by using nitrogen generated by the reaction of reactants, the influence and the damage to human bodies and atmosphere are avoided, and the reactants generated after the reaction are convenient to recover, can not leak, are safe and environment-friendly, have a simple structure, are convenient to operate, and can be remotely controlled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plan sectional view of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-infrared receiver, 2-nitrogen chamber, 3-air injection box, 31-movable cover plate, 32-side plate, 4-outer support sheet, 5-collider, 6-collision ball, 7-power supply, 8-line pipe, 9-pressure relief valve, 10-heat insulation layer and 11-heating sheet.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
shown rock blasting device in figure, include the casing that is enclosed by base and lateral wall, power module has been arranged from top to bottom in the casing, infrared receiver 1 and nitrogen chamber 2, infrared receiver 1 and power module electric connection, nitrogen chamber 2 is enclosed by the lateral wall of casing, top and bottom in the nitrogen chamber 2 are provided with collision module and jet-propelled box 3 respectively, collision module and power module and infrared receiver 1 electric connection, be provided with the medicine storage box that is equipped with the reactant in the jet-propelled box 3, the medicine storage box is made by breakable material, jet-propelled box 3 comprises removable cover 31 and the curb plate 32 that is covered with the aperture, the lateral wall is provided with a plurality of outer stay 4 that can outwards move about, outer stay 4 communicates with the nitrogen chamber, can prop open to the outside under atmospheric pressure. Preferably, the reactant is a mixture of sodium azide, potassium sulfide and silica. In the embodiment provided by the invention, the reactant in the medicine storage box is a mixture of sodium azide, potassium nitrate and silicon dioxide, and a large amount of nitrogen is generated by reaction to blast rocks. The infrared receiver is electrically connected with the power supply module and used for receiving a remote control signal to control the reaction process, so that the control is convenient, the safety of operators can be ensured, the cost of the gaseous blasting is reduced, the safety and the environmental protection are realized, and the noise is low; the collision module is used for colliding reactants in the medicine storage box to generate a large amount of gas so as to increase the pressure of the nitrogen chamber, so that the outer support sheet applies instant impact force to the rock to loosen the rock, the gas injection box is convenient for the reaction of the reactants in the medicine storage box and the gas generated by the reaction to be led to the nitrogen chamber, the reaction slag is convenient to recycle, and the device is safe, environment-friendly and simple to operate; the medicine storage box is made of fragile materials, such as short fiber composite materials, so that the medicine storage box can be broken when being impacted, and gas generated by reaction can be released; the outer supporting sheet is arranged on the outer wall of the shell and can apply thrust to the rock under pressure so as to explode the rock; according to the invention, the rock blasting is realized by using nitrogen generated by the reaction of reactants, the influence and the damage to human bodies and atmosphere are avoided, and the reactants generated after the reaction are convenient to recover, can not leak, are safe and environment-friendly, have a simple structure, are convenient to operate, and can be remotely controlled. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, cost reduction, safety, environmental protection, convenient control, low noise and simple operation.
Preferably, the top of the nitrogen chamber 2 is further provided with a temperature control module for controlling the temperature in the nitrogen chamber 2, the temperature control module is electrically connected with the power supply module and the infrared receiver 1, and the temperature control module comprises a heating sheet 11. The temperature control module is controlled by the infrared receiver, so that the heating sheet can heat the nitrogen chamber under remote control, the pressure is increased, the outer support sheet continuously acts on the rock to prop and crack the rock, the structure is simple, the control is convenient, and the cost is reduced.
Preferably, the temperature control module further comprises a thermal insulation layer 10, the thermal insulation layer 10 being arranged between the power module and the heating sheet 11. The power and the heating plate are separated by the heat insulation layer, so that the power is protected from being damaged, and the blasting reaction process and effect are prevented from being influenced.
Preferably, the housing further comprises a pressure relief valve 9 for releasing gas, and the pressure relief valve 9 is electrically connected with the power module of the infrared receiver 1. The pressure relief valve is used for preventing gas from remaining in the nitrogen chamber after the reaction is finished, and the pressure in the nitrogen chamber is balanced by remotely controlling the pressure relief valve, so that the recovery device and the reaction slag are convenient.
Preferably, the flap 31 is openable toward the inside of the jet box 3 by the collision. The position of the air injection box is opposite to that of the collision module, the collision module receives an instruction transmitted by the infrared receiver and then collides the medicine storage box in the air injection box so as to generate a first collision reaction, the movable cover plate is connected with the air injection box through the buckle and can be opened in the box body under the collision effect and can not be popped up under the buckle effect, the movable cover plate firstly receives the collision when the collision starts, and the collision is transmitted to the medicine storage box so as to generate subsequent series reactions and be convenient to control.
Preferably, the collision module comprises a collision device 5 and a collision ball 6 capable of colliding downwards, and the position of the collision ball 6 corresponds to the air injection box 3. The collision device is electrically connected with the infrared receiver, receives the remote control command through the infrared receiver, releases the collision ball to generate collision reaction, has simple structure, is convenient to control, and can ensure personal safety through the remote control collision reaction.
The invention also designs a rock blasting method, which is characterized in that: the blasting is carried out by using the rock blasting device, which comprises the following steps,
1) determining the position of rock to be blasted, and drilling the rock to the size suitable for placing the rock into the shell;
2) filling a mixture of reactants including sodium azide, potassium nitrate and silicon dioxide in the medicine storage box, placing the medicine storage box in the gas injection box, covering the movable cover plate, and placing the shell at the rock opening after confirming that each module in the device is normal;
3) a collision instruction is sent out through remote control, and the infrared receiver receives the instruction and then transmits the instruction to the collision module;
4) the collision module collides with the movable cover plate under the action of gravity, the movable cover plate opens into the air injection box to collide with the reactant in the medicine storage box, and the first collision reaction is 2NaN3(bump) → 2Na +3N2(↑)
A large amount of nitrogen is instantaneously released and sprayed out of the small holes on the side plates to the nitrogen chamber, so that the pressure is increased, and the outer supporting sheet instantaneously impacts the rock to loosen the rock.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps,
5) the heating sheet is heated by remote control, so that sodium metal generated by the first collision reaction continuously performs a second pressure-increasing reaction with potassium nitrate and silicon dioxide to obtain 4Na + O2→2Na2O
10Na+2KNO3+6SiO2→5Na2SiO3+K2SiO3+N2(↑)
The nitrogen is continuously released to ensure that the pressure of the nitrogen chamber (2) is continuously increased, the outer supporting sheet continuously acts on the rock to crack the rock, and simultaneously, the sodium azide which is not completely reacted in the medicine storage box in the heating state continuously reacts into
2NaN3(heated) → 2Na +3N2(↑)
Continuously releasing a large amount of nitrogen to flush into the nitrogen chamber;
further, the method also comprises the following steps,
6) and after the blasting is finished, remotely controlling the pressure relief valve to relieve the pressure, taking out the shell and recovering the reaction slag.
According to the invention, a series of reactions generated by sodium azide impact generate a first violent impact pressure to loosen the rock, a heating plate is used for continuing a new reaction, the temperature is increased, the reaction is continued in the medicine storage box, the pressure in the nitrogen chamber is continuously increased under the temperature increase, and a second static bursting action is performed on the rock. The device is decompressed by the decompression valve, all reactions in the whole process can be controlled by remote control, nitrogen generated by the reaction can not affect and damage human bodies and atmosphere, and reactants generated after the sodium carbide reaction can be recycled in the medicine storage box and can not leak into the environment, so that the device is safe and environment-friendly.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rock blasting device characterized in that: comprises a shell enclosed by a base and a side wall, a power supply module, an infrared receiver (1) and a nitrogen chamber (2) are arranged in the shell from top to bottom, the infrared receiver (1) is electrically connected with the power supply module, the nitrogen chamber (2) is enclosed by the side wall of the shell, the top and the bottom in the nitrogen chamber (2) are respectively provided with a collision module and an air injection box (3), the collision module is electrically connected with the power module and the infrared receiver (1), a medicine storage box filled with reactants is arranged in the gas spraying box (3), the medicine storage box is made of fragile materials, the air injection box (3) is composed of a movable cover plate (31) and a side plate (32) which is full of small holes, the side wall is provided with a plurality of outer supporting pieces (4) which can move outwards, and the outer supporting pieces (4) are communicated with the nitrogen chamber and can be opened outwards under the action of air pressure.
2. The rock blasting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the reactant is a mixture of sodium azide, potassium sulfide and silicon dioxide.
3. A rock blasting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the nitrogen chamber (2) top still is provided with the temperature control module who is used for controlling temperature in nitrogen chamber (2), temperature control module and power module and infrared receiver (1) electric connection, the temperature control module includes heating plate (11).
4. A rock blasting apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the temperature control module further comprises a heat insulation layer (10), and the heat insulation layer (10) is arranged between the power supply module and the heating sheet (11).
5. A rock blasting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the shell is internally provided with a pressure relief valve (9) for releasing gas, and the pressure relief valve (9) is electrically connected with the power module and the infrared receiver (1).
6. A rock blasting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the movable cover plate (31) can be opened towards the interior of the air injection box (3) under the collision action.
7. A rock blasting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the collision module comprises a collision device (5) and a collision ball (6) capable of colliding downwards, wherein the position of the collision ball (6) corresponds to the position of the air injection box (3).
8. A method of rock blasting, characterized by: blasting using the rock blasting apparatus of claim 3, comprising the steps of,
1) determining the position of rock to be blasted, and drilling the rock to the size suitable for placing the rock into the shell;
2) filling a mixture of reactants including sodium azide, potassium nitrate and silicon dioxide in the medicine storage box, placing the medicine storage box in the gas injection box (3), covering the movable cover plate (31), and placing the shell at the rock opening after confirming that each module in the device is normal;
3) a collision instruction is sent out by remote control, and the infrared receiver (1) receives the instruction and then transmits the instruction to the collision module;
4) the collision module collides with the movable cover plate (31) under the action of gravity, the movable cover plate (31) opens the reactant in the collision medicine storage box into the air injection box (3), and the first collision reaction is
2NaN3(bump) → 2Na +3N2(↑)
A large amount of nitrogen is instantaneously released and sprayed out to the nitrogen chamber (2) through the side plate (32) to increase the pressure, and the outer supporting sheet (4) instantaneously impacts the rock to loosen the rock.
9. The method of blasting rock according to claim 8, wherein:
further comprises a step 5) of remotely heating the heating sheet (11) to ensure that sodium metal generated by the first collision reaction continuously performs a second pressure-increasing reaction with potassium nitrate and silicon dioxide
4Na+O2→2Na2O
10Na+2KNO3+6SiO2→5Na2SiO3+K2SiO3+N2(↑)
Continuously releasing nitrogen to continuously increase the pressure of the nitrogen chamber (2), continuously acting the outer supporting sheet (4) on the rock to crack the rock, and continuously reacting the incompletely reacted sodium azide in the medicine storage box in a heating state into
2NaN3(heated) → 2Na +3N2(↑)
The release of a large amount of nitrogen gas was continued into the nitrogen chamber (2).
10. The method of blasting rock according to claim 8, wherein:
and 6), after the blasting is finished, remotely controlling a pressure relief valve (9) to relieve pressure, taking out the shell and recovering the reaction slag.
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