CN111466996A

CN111466996A - Semi-automatic ilium wing bone taking tool capable of keeping iliac crest

Info

Publication number: CN111466996A
Application number: CN202010542797.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡鸿敏; 侯志勇; 王亚成; 马俊杰; 高治宇; 张川; 成传德; 刘又文; 曹向阳; 李无阴
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-06-15
Filing date: 2020-06-15
Publication date: 2020-07-31
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-15
Also published as: CN111466996B

Abstract

The invention relates to a semi-automatic iliac wing bone taking tool for reserving iliac crest, which comprises a drill frame and a drill bit rotationally arranged on the drill frame, wherein the drill bit is in a cylindrical shape with an open end, sawteeth for rotationally cutting iliac wing bone blocks are arranged on the cutting edge of the open end, and a cylindrical cavity of the drill bit is a bone taking cavity for accommodating the bone blocks; a bone block holder which can rotate together with the drill bit is arranged on the drill bit so as to drill into the cut bone block and take the bone block out of the body; the bone taking tool further comprises a tray assembly, a tray plane in the tray assembly is opposite to the round surface of the drill bit, the tray assembly is rotatably connected with the drill frame and is provided with a spring, and the spring provides a folding force for the tray and the drill bit. The instrument provided by the invention is used for carrying out the ilium wing bone extraction operation, so that the operation efficiency can be improved, the operation wound can be reduced, the bleeding amount can be reduced, the operation time can be shortened, and the complications can be reduced.

Description

Semi-automatic ilium wing bone taking tool capable of keeping iliac crest

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of autologous iliac bone transplantation in bone surgery, and particularly relates to a semi-automatic iliac wing bone taking tool for retaining iliac crests in an iliac wing bone taking operation.

Background

The diseases such as delayed union or nonunion of fracture, bone defect, osteonecrosis and tumor generally seriously affect the limb functions and need to be treated, and the comprehensive operation including bone transplantation is a common and effective treatment means, and can promote the repair of bone wound or lesion so as to be beneficial to functional recovery. Compared with bone graft materials such as allogeneic bone, artificial bone and the like, the autologous bone has superior bone induction, bone mediation and osteogenesis characteristics, and can protect a recipient from immunological rejection and the risk of infectious diseases. Therefore, autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard for the treatment of the above-mentioned diseases. The autologous bone supply area can be selected from a plurality of parts such as skull, rib, ilium, femur, tibia, fibula and the like, and the obtained autologous bone comprises cortical bone, cancellous bone and spongy cortical bone, and can be selected according to the emphasis of the receiving area on the mechanical strength and osteogenesis activity. The ilium wing is the most frequently used clinical supply area because of its shallow position, it is dissected relatively simply to have 2~3 relatively strong cortical bones and abundant cancellous bone.

Currently, there are many techniques for extracting iliac wing bone clinically, but all have their respective disadvantages. The minimally invasive bone taking technology through iliac crest trephine can only take a small amount of cancellous bone; the bone taking technology such as open cutting or grinding of the ilium half plate and the like is relatively small in bone taking amount; the bone taking technology for cutting the three-sided cortical iliac bone in the open U shape can cut a large amount of cancellous cortical bone according to the requirement of a receiving area, but inevitably causes large-scale bone defect of the iliac crest of a supplying area to lose the supporting effect on local soft tissue, forms obvious appearance deformity, brings aesthetic troubles while influencing the function, and even has to perform surgical reconstruction of the iliac crest to remold the appearance of the supplying area. In order to save the shape of the supply area as much as possible, Wolfe and Kawamoto invented a technique for extracting iliac wing bone through "H" shaped osteotomy of iliac crest, but the steps of iliac crest osteotomy are complicated, the internal and external plates of iliac bone need to be stripped off at the same time, and after bone extraction, the iliac crest osteotomy part needs to be sutured by steel wire, so that the trauma is large.

The results of the anatomy and regional division studies on the region (ilium wing) where the external pelvic iliac crest fixing screw is placed, published in the journal of Chinese bone injury by Chua hongmin et al, show that the areas II and III of the ilium wing have abundant cancellous bone and firm cortical bone, and can provide a large amount of bone as an ideal bone-taking area. On the basis of the research, Chua hongmin et al disclose a technique for measuring the bone mass of the ilium wing (areas II and III) of the iliac crest on China journal of orthopedics, which does not leave the deformity of the appearance of the supply area, and finds that the supply area has bone regeneration capacity through follow-up visit to reduce the defect area, thereby saving the function of the supply area to the greatest extent.

However, the most commonly used iliac wing bone harvesting instrument in the market at present is a osteotome (also called an osteotome), which is required to be matched with a hammer, so that the required bone quantity is progressively chiseled in an incisal manner, the operation efficiency is relatively low, and the operation trauma is relatively large. There is a need in clinical practice for a bone harvesting tool that is compatible with existing, more advanced bone harvesting techniques, and that improves surgical efficiency and reduces surgical trauma.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a semi-automatic iliac wing bone taking tool for preserving iliac crest, which can efficiently drill iliac wing bone blocks required for transplantation on the premise of preserving iliac crest, has small operation wound and reduces the pain of patients, and has the characteristics of compact structure, simple and convenient assembly and convenient use.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a semi-automatic iliac wing bone taking tool for reserving iliac crest comprises a drill frame and a drill rotatably mounted on the drill frame, wherein the drill is in a cylindrical shape with one open end, sawteeth for rotatably cutting iliac wing bone blocks are arranged on the cutting edge of the open end, and a cylindrical cavity of the drill is a bone taking cavity for accommodating the bone blocks; a bone block fixer is also arranged on the drill bit and can rotate together with the drill bit so as to drill into the cut bone block and take the bone block out of the body; the bone taking tool further comprises a tray assembly, wherein the tray in the tray assembly and the saw teeth on the drill bit are arranged oppositely, the tray assembly and the drill frame are connected in a rotating mode and provided with springs, and the springs provide a folding force for the tray and the drill bit.

The drill frame is provided with a hollow rod cavity for mounting a transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission shaft which can be connected with an external power mechanism and a driving bevel gear which is coaxially arranged on the transmission shaft, and the tooth surface of the driving bevel gear is exposed out of a hole in the side surface of the hollow rod cavity and is meshed with a driven bevel gear arranged at the tail end of the drill bit so as to drive the drill bit to rotate.

The drill frame is provided with a U-shaped groove which is used for being rotationally connected with the drill bit, an elastic limiting pin which can move up and down is arranged in the drill frame, and a limiting head of the elastic limiting pin is popped out under the action of a spring to seal a notch of the U-shaped groove.

Further, the up-and-down movement of the elastic limiting pin is realized through a first structure and/or a second structure: in the first structure, a long hole is formed in the side face of the drill frame, and a wrench arranged on the elastic limiting pin extends out of the long hole, so that the wrench pulls the elastic limiting pin to move up and down to expose or withdraw a limiting head of the elastic limiting pin; in structure two, the spacing head orientation of elasticity spacer pin one side of U groove notch sets up the arc surface, and the drill bit tail end forces the elasticity spacer pin to remove downwards and open the notch of U groove through the extrusion arc surface to realize the drill bit quick installation in the U groove.

The tray is a disc with side wing plates, the disc surface of the disc is parallel to the plate surfaces of the side wing plates, a circular boss is arranged on the disc surface, facing the sawteeth, of the disc, and the disc surface surrounding the circular boss is lower than the circular surface of the circular boss so as to form a drill bit avoiding ring; the tray assembly further comprises a tray support, the side wing plates are connected with the tray support, the tray support is rotatably connected with the drill frame, and a first compression spring is arranged between the tray support and the drill frame.

Furthermore, a limiting rod is arranged on the plate surface of the side wing plate at a position away from the disc, the axial direction of the limiting rod points to the drill frame, and the limiting rod is abutted against the iliac crest to limit the reserved thickness of the iliac crest during bone taking.

The tray support is of a flat plate structure, a slot and a hollow limiting column perpendicular to the surface of the tray support are formed in the tray support, the slot is provided with openings in two adjacent side surfaces in the width and thickness directions of the tray support, a second compression spring is installed in the hollow limiting column, the second compression spring is connected with a slot sealing cover, and the slot sealing cover can shield the opening of the slot in the thickness direction of the tray support under the action of the second compression spring; the side wing plates are inserted into the slots to realize the fixed connection between the tray and the tray support, and the tray support are fixed through convex-concave matching structures arranged on the side wing plates and the inner walls of the slots.

Furthermore, the hollow limiting column is abutted to the drill frame to ensure the parallel state of the drill frame and the tray support when the tool is not used or the drill bit drills through the iliac wing.

A connecting lug is further arranged on one side of the tray support, a connecting rod is arranged on the drill frame, and the connecting rod and the connecting lug are rotationally connected through a pin shaft; and two ends of the first compression spring are respectively connected to the spring seats of the drill stand and the tray support.

The bone block fixer comprises a rod body and a handheld part which are connected, the front end of the rod body is provided with a tip end and an external thread section so as to drill into and fix the bone block on the cut bone block, and the bone block fixer is fixedly connected with the drill bit through a detachable structure.

Further, detachable construction is including setting up the card post on the body of rod and the draw-in groove of setting on drill bit tail end connector, card post and the body of rod be cross-shaped cross connection, the connector through a hollow shaft with driven bevel gear on the drill bit connects, and connector center and driven bevel gear center all are equipped with the through-hole of intercommunication hollow shaft, the draw-in groove sets up on the connector, and the body of rod at bone piece fixer passes through the connector and inserts the back of getting the bone intracavity of drill bit, the card post gets into the draw-in groove to the axial fixity of draw-in groove to bone piece fixer is realized to the rotation of bone piece fixer.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

first, the assembly that integrates of drill frame, drill bit, tray subassembly, the integrated setting of the slot closing cap of cooperation elasticity spacer pin and spring control does benefit to according to supplying the required bone volume in district, installs fast and dismantles the drill bit of required model and the tray that corresponds, and then cuts the bone piece of getting corresponding volume in supplying the district, satisfies the demand of individuation bone grafting operation.

Secondly, the drill bit can be externally connected with power through a transmission mechanism, the rotary power drives the drill bit to rotate through the transmission of a transmission shaft and a bevel gear pair, and the required bone blocks are quickly cut under the matching of the tray, so that the efficiency of the bone taking operation can be improved.

Thirdly, according to the size of the required drill bit and the tray thereof, an incision with a corresponding length is made along the iliac crest, soft tissues are cut, the iliac crest is exposed, the iliac crest is stripped under the periosteum to separate the joint of the internal and external iliac wing plates and muscles, then the drill bit and the tray are only required to be propped open and are completely clamped on the internal and external iliac wing plates, the limiting rods on the tray flanks are propped against the iliac crest, the iliac crest can be reserved and iliac wing bone blocks can be drilled, the bone blocks can be taken out from the incision along with the opened drill bit and tray under the action of a bone block fixer, the required bone blocks do not need to be drilled and taken out after relatively extensive soft tissue stripping and exposure are performed and the iliac wing is directly viewed like a bone cutting operation by using a conventional osteotome, and the drill frame, the drill bit barrel wall and the tray can play a role in protecting the isolation of the muscles, thereby reducing the operation trauma, reducing the amount of bleeding and reducing.

Fourthly, each component of the bone taking component is small in size, simple in structure, simple and convenient to assemble (the drill stand, the transmission shaft, the elastic limiting pin, the tray support and the slot sealing cover can be integrally assembled before leaving a factory), the bone taking component is fast to assemble and disassemble, the bone taking component is convenient to package, sterilize and use, the bone taking component is based on earlier anatomical research and bone taking technology, clinical application and popularization are facilitated, and the economic value is obvious.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an assembly of components of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of the assembled structure of the components of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the drill rig of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a side view of the drill rig of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a front view of the drill bit of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a side view of the drill bit of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a front view of the tray of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a side view of a tray of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a front view of the tray support of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a side view of the tray support of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a front view of a bone block retainer of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a side view of a bone block retainer of the present invention;

the labels in the figure are: 1. the bone block fixing device comprises a drill frame, 2, a drill bit, 3, a tray, 4, a tray support, 5, a bone block fixer, 6 and a first compression spring;

101. u groove 102, limiting head 103, hole 104, drive bevel gear 105, wrench 106, transmission shaft 107, triangular prism 108, connecting rod 109 and left spring seat;

201. the cylinder comprises a cylinder bottom 202, a driven bevel gear 203, a connector 204, a hollow shaft 205, saw teeth 206, a straight-line-shaped groove 207 and an arc-shaped groove;

301. the drilling tool comprises a disc 302, a side wing plate 303, a limiting rod 304, a cuboid groove 305, a circular boss 306 and a drill bit avoiding ring;

401. the socket comprises a socket sealing cover 402, a hollow limiting column 403, a second compression spring 404, a connecting lug 405 and a right spring seat;

501. the handheld part 502, the rod body 503, the clamping column 504 and the external thread section.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.

In the following description, the terms "up/down", "left/right", "inside/outside" and "upper/lower", "left/right", "inner/outer" used to indicate the orientation are based on the illustrated state of the drawings in the specification, and are used for convenience of expression and not for limitation of the technical solution, and the terms "first" and "second" are also used to distinguish the same type of structural member.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a semi-automatic iliac wing bone taking tool for reserving iliac crest comprises a drill frame 1, a drill bit 2, a tray 3, a tray support 4 and a bone block fixer 5, wherein the drill bit 2 is arranged at the upper end of the drill frame 1 and is driven by a transmission mechanism to rotate so as to realize rotary cutting of iliac wing bone blocks; the tray 3 is rotatably connected with the drill frame 1 through a tray support 4, so that the opening and closing of the tray 3 and the drill bit 2 are realized, and the tray 3 can support the drill bit 2; the bone block holder 5 has a tip capable of drilling into a bone block for bringing the rotary-cut bone block out of the body.

On the basis of fig. 1 and 2, referring to fig. 3 and 4, the whole drill rig 1 is rectangular, a section of U-shaped groove 101 is formed in the upper end of the drill rig, three sides of the U-shaped groove 101 are opened on the surface of the drill rig 1, a notch of the U-shaped groove is positioned on one side of the thickness direction of the drill rig 1, an installation cavity communicated with the U-shaped groove 101 is formed in the edge of the drill rig 1, an elastic force limiting pin capable of moving up and down and a spring for providing elastic force for the elastic force limiting pin are arranged in the installation cavity, a limiting head 102 of the elastic force limiting pin can be ejected out of the installation cavity and close the notch of the U-shaped groove 101 under the action of the spring, and the tail end of the drill bit 2 can be clamped by the limiting head 102; the up-and-down movement of the elastic limit pin can be realized by adopting various structural forms, the composite structure is adopted in the embodiment and comprises a first structure and a second structure, wherein in the first structure, a long hole is formed in the side surface of the drill frame 1 of the installation cavity, and a wrench 105 arranged on the elastic limit pin extends out of the long hole so as to pull the elastic limit pin to move up and down through the wrench 105; in the second structure, an arc surface is arranged on one side, facing the notch of the U-shaped groove 101, of the limiting head 102 of the elastic limiting pin, and the tail end of the drill bit 2 presses the arc surface to force the limiting head 102 to move downwards to open the notch of the U-shaped groove 101, so that the drill bit 2 is installed in the U-shaped groove 101; a hollow rod cavity is further formed in the drill rig 1 and is used for accommodating a transmission shaft 106 and a driving bevel gear 104 fixed at the upper end of the transmission shaft 106, the lower end of the transmission shaft 106 extends out of the drill rig 1 and is provided with a triangular prism 107 so as to be connected with an external power drill, and the tooth surface of the driving bevel gear 104 can be exposed out of a hole 103 in the side surface of the drill rig 1 and is meshed with a driven bevel gear 202 arranged at the tail end of the drill bit 2 so as to drive the drill bit 2 to rotate; the drill frame 1 is also provided with a connecting rod 108 for connecting the tray support 4 and a left spring seat 109 for mounting the first compression spring 6.

On the basis of fig. 1 and 2, the structure of the drill 2 is shown in fig. 5 and 6, the drill is in a cylindrical shape with one end open and one end provided with a cylinder bottom 201, and a cavity in the cylindrical shape is a bone taking cavity for accommodating bone blocks, so that the drill 2 can be set into various models with different diameters in order to meet the requirements of different clinical bone transplantation quantities. The open end edge of the drill bit 2 is provided with saw teeth 205 which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction to form a trepan for rotary cutting bone blocks. The driven bevel gear 202 is fixed on the outer side of the barrel bottom 201, the center of the driven bevel gear 202 and the center of the barrel bottom 201 are both provided with communicated center holes, the end face of the driven bevel gear 202 is also fixed with a hollow shaft 204, the other end of the hollow shaft 204 is provided with a connector 203, the center holes axially arranged on the connector 203 are communicated with the center holes of the driven bevel gear 202 and the barrel bottom 201 through the hollow shaft 204, the diameters of the center holes of the connector 203 and the barrel bottom 201 are equal to each other and are smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the hollow shaft 204.

Further, the diameters of the connectors 203 at the two ends of the hollow shaft 204 and the driven bevel gear 202 are larger than the outer diameter of the hollow shaft 204, the outer diameter of the hollow shaft 204 is matched with the upper width and the lower width of the U groove 101 in the drill rig 1, so that the hollow shaft 204 can rotate after being clamped in the U groove 101, the distance between the connectors 203 and the driven bevel gear 202 is matched with the thickness of the drill rig 1, the hollow shaft 204 can be axially positioned to the hollow shaft 204 through the connectors 203 and the driven bevel gear 202 after being clamped in the U groove 101, and axial movement of the drill bit 2 during rotation is avoided.

Still further, be equipped with on the connector 203 with the draw-in groove that bone piece fixer 5 connects to realize the quick assembly disassembly of bone piece fixer 5.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the clamping groove on the connector 203 includes a straight-line-shaped groove 206 formed in the end surface of the connector 203 and two arc grooves 207 respectively formed in the upper semicircle and the lower semicircle of the cylindrical surface of the connector 203, the radian of each arc groove 207 is 90 °, the two arc grooves 207 are centrosymmetric, and the arc grooves 207 are communicated with the straight-line-shaped groove 206.

On the basis of fig. 1 and 2, the structure of the tray 3 is shown in fig. 7 and 8, the tray 3 is a disc 301 with a side wing plate 302, the main body of the tray is the disc 301, the diameter of the disc 301 is slightly larger than that of the drill bit 2 so as to support the drill bit 2 and saw teeth 205 protecting the cutting edge of the drill bit 2, the disc 301 can separate an iliac wing from muscles on the surface of the disc so as to protect the iliac wing and the muscles during bone extraction, and can also provide folding force of the first compression spring 6 between the drill frame 1 and the tray support 4 for the drill bit against the bone surface which is not cut through so as to facilitate the extraction of bone blocks; the side wing plate 302 is arranged on one side of the disc 301, the plate surface of the side wing plate 302 is parallel to the disc surface of the disc 301, and the side wing plate 302 is used for connecting the tray support 4.

Further, in order to avoid the saw teeth 205 being damaged by friction of the tray 3 after the drill bit 2 drills through the bone plate at the end of the bone extraction process, the center of the disc 301 of the tray 3 may be further provided with a convex circular boss 305, and as the area of the circular boss 305 is smaller than that of the disc 301, an annular concave part may be formed around the circular boss 305 to serve as a drill bit avoiding ring 306, so as to prevent the tips of the saw teeth 205 of the drill bit 2 from contacting the disc 301, thereby playing a role in protecting the saw teeth 205. In use, the serrations 205 of the drill bit 2 may be flush with the circular surface of the circular boss 305, or may extend further down to the region of the bit avoidance ring 306 without contacting the avoidance ring surface.

Furthermore, a limiting rod 303 perpendicular to the plate surface is arranged on the central line of the side wing plate 302, and a certain distance is kept between the limiting rod 303 and the disc 301, so that the limiting rod 303 can be abutted against the iliac crest in the rotary cutting process to limit the thickness of the iliac crest to be reserved.

Furthermore, the lower portion of the side wing plate 302 is further provided with a rectangular parallelepiped groove 304 perpendicular to the long axis of the side wing plate 302 and having the same width as the side wing plate 302.

On the basis of fig. 1 and 2, the structure of the tray support 4 is shown in fig. 9 and 10, the tray support 4 is a rectangular flat plate as a whole, a slot and a hollow limiting column 402 perpendicular to the plate surface of the tray support 4 are arranged on the side surface of the tray support 4 in the thickness direction, a second compression spring 403 is installed in the hollow limiting column 402, one end of the second compression spring 403 is connected with the inner wall of the hollow limiting column 402, the other end of the second compression spring is connected with a slot sealing cover 401, under the action of the spring, the slot sealing cover 401 can shield the opening of the slot, and the outer side surface of the slot sealing cover 401 is flush with the surface of the tray support 4; the slot cover 401 is slid leftward (shown in fig. 10) by external force against the elastic force of the second compression spring 403 to open the slot, then the side wing plate 302 of the tray 3 is inserted into the slot, when the slot is inserted, the rectangular groove 303 on the side wing plate 302 is aligned with the rectangular protrusion on the inner wall of the slot, the positioning between the tray 3 and the tray support 4 is realized by the convex-concave fit of the groove and the protrusion, then the slot cover 401 is released, and the second compression spring 403 pushes the slot cover 401 to close the slot, so that the side wing plate 302 can be prevented from falling off from the side of the slot. The slot cover 401 is provided with a projection for pushing and pulling the slot cover 401.

Further, after the bone taking tool drills through the iliac wing in a non-use state or a use process, the bone taking tool can be propped against the drill frame 1 through the hollow limiting column 402 so as to keep the parallel state of the tray bracket 4 and the drill frame 1 and further protect the saw teeth 205 on the drill bit 2; therefore, the length of the hollow stopper post 402 is equal to the distance between the pallet support 4 and the drilling rig 1 in the parallel state.

Further, a connecting lug 404 and a right spring seat 405 are further arranged on one side of the tray support 4, and the connecting rod 108 and the connecting lug 404 on the drill frame 1 are rotatably connected through a pin shaft; the two ends of the first compression spring 6 are respectively connected to the left spring seat 109 of the drill stand 1 and the right spring seat 405 of the pallet support 4.

On the basis of fig. 1 and 2, the structure of the bone block fixer 5 is as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the bone block fixer 5 mainly comprises two parts, namely a handheld part 501 and a rod body 502 which are connected, one end of the rod body 502 is fixedly connected with the handheld part 501, the other end of the rod body is provided with a tip, an external thread section 504 is arranged above the tip, the diameter of the large-diameter end of the tip and the external thread section 504 is matched with the diameter of the central hole of the tail connector 203 of the drill bit 2, and the diameter of the rest part of the rod body 502 is slightly smaller than the external thread section 504, so that the rod body 502 can be inserted into the connector 203 at the tail of the drill bit 2 until the bone taking cavity of the drill. The handheld portion 501 is cylindrical, a clamping column 503 is further arranged at one end, close to the handheld portion 501, of the rod body 502, and the clamping column 503 is connected with the rod body 502 in a cross mode. The card post 503 with the draw-in groove that sets up on the connector 203 constitutes the detachable construction that can quick assembly disassembly.

When bone piece fixer 5 inserts connector 203, the card post 503 on the bone piece fixer 5 aligns with a style of calligraphy groove 206 on the connector 203 terminal surface, after card post 503 inserts a style of calligraphy groove 206, along the rotatory 90 of the direction of circular arc groove 207, the part that card post 503 is located body of rod 502 both sides can get into two circular arc grooves 207 respectively, realizes axial positioning, just so can realize the fixed connection of bone piece fixer 5 and drill bit 2, and bone piece fixer 5 can rotate along with drill bit 2 is synchronous.

For the convenience of operation, the lower part of the drilling rig 1 can be designed into an elliptic cylinder or a cylindrical appearance which is convenient for hand holding, the surface can be roughened or processed by holding marks, and the lower part of the tray support 4 can be provided with a device which is convenient for pulling to facilitate the rotation of the tray support along the pin shaft and the opening of the tray 3. The first compression spring 6 and the second compression spring 403 are cylindrical coil springs. The peripheral wall of the handheld part of the bone block fixer 5 can be roughened, and the drill bit 2 and the corresponding tray 3 are marked with models so as to be convenient for quick matching use. All other components of the tool except the drill bit 2, the corresponding tray 3 and the bone block fixator 5 can be assembled in an integrated mode when the tool is delivered from a factory, and the drill bit 2, the tray 3 and the bone block fixator 5 are selected and installed according to clinical bone transplantation requirements when the tool is used.

The process of the ilium wing bone-taking operation for reserving the iliac crest by utilizing the invention is as follows:

step one, installing the drill bit 2 of the selected model and the corresponding tray 3.

1.1 installation method of drill bit 2: the hollow shaft 204 at the tail part of the drill bit 2 is pressed against the arc surface of the limiting head 102 of the elastic limiting pin on the drill frame 1, and the drill bit 2 is pushed to the deep part of the U-shaped groove 101 by force to force the limiting head 102 of the elastic limiting pin to retract into the drill frame 1; or directly pulling the wrench 105 at the tail end of the elastic force limiting pin to compress the spring, so that the limiting head 102 of the elastic force limiting pin retracts into the drill frame 1; thereby causing the hollow shaft 204 of the drill bit 2 to enter the U-groove 101, whereupon the spring force-limiting pin is reset under the action of the spring, closing the notch of the U-groove 101, limiting the hollow shaft 204 of the drill bit 2, but allowing the rotation of the hollow shaft 204.

1.2 installation of tray 3: the side wing plate 302 of the tray 3 is inserted into the slot along the side opening of the slot on the tray support 4, the slot sealing cover 401 needs to be pushed away before insertion so as to open the side opening of the slot, the cuboid-shaped groove 304 on the inserted side wing plate 302 is matched with the cuboid-shaped bulge in the slot to prevent the side wing plate 302 from axially falling off, and after the insertion is completed, the slot sealing cover 401 is loosened to reset to close the side opening of the slot to prevent the side wing plate 301 from laterally falling off.

1.3 installation of the bone block fixator 5: the rod body 502 of the bone block fixer 5 is inserted into a central hole of the tail connector 203 of the drill bit 2 from the tip end, and enters a bone taking cavity of the drill bit 2 through the hollow shaft 204, the clamping column 503 on the rod body 502 is ensured to be aligned with the straight-line-shaped groove 206 on the connector 203 during insertion, after the clamping column 503 enters the straight-line-shaped groove 206, the handheld part 501 is rotated, so that the clamping column 503 enters the arc-shaped groove 207, and the connection between the bone block fixer 5 and the drill bit 2 is realized. When the drill bit 2 rotates, the bone block fixer 5 rotates synchronously, so that the tip of the rod body 502 and the external thread section 504 drill into and fix the iliac wing bone block, and the bone block is taken out from the body together with the bone taking tool after the rotary cutting of the bone block is finished.

And step two, cutting a cut-like cut corresponding to the type of the drill bit 2 and the tray 3 along the iliac crest at the position from the first transverse finger to the second transverse finger of the anterior superior iliac spine according to the type of the drill bit 2 and the tray 3 corresponding to the required bone transplantation amount until the iliac crest, cutting the iliac crest periosteum and stripping the iliac crest from the periosteum, and separating the periosteum and the muscle attached to the surface of the inner and outer plates of the iliac wing.

And step three, opening the drill bit 2 and the tray 3 thereof, putting the drill bit 2 and the tray 3 into the cut and enabling the drill bit and the tray to be respectively abutted against the inner plate and the outer plate of the iliac wing at a certain distance from the front edge of the iliac wing, abutting a limiting rod 303 on a side wing plate 302 of the tray 3 against the surface of an iliac crest, connecting the triangular prism 107 at the tail end of the transmission shaft 106 with the power drill, stably taking the bone tool, starting the power drill, driving the drill bit 2 by the rotating force of the power drill through the triangular prism 107, the transmission shaft 106, the driving bevel gear 104 and the driven bevel gear 202, providing a folding force for the drill bit 2 and the tray 3 by a first compression spring 6 between the drill frame 1 and the tray support 4, and finishing the cutting of the iliac wing bone.

Step four, after the iliac wing bone block is cut, because the external thread section 504 of the bone block fixer 5 fixes the bone block, and the clamping column 503 of the bone block fixer 5 is matched with the clamping groove on the connector 203, and the tray 3 is supported on the iliac wing, the drill 1 and the tray support 4 are opened by external force, the drill 2 and the cut bone block are separated from the iliac wing, and then the tool is withdrawn from the incision.

Step five, conventionally suturing the incision (the bone surface of the ilium wing is taken out, bone wax is not coated, and the bone regeneration capacity of the ilium wing can be kept), and taking out the bone block from the drill. The clamping column 503 of the bone block fixer 5 is separated from the clamping groove on the connecting head 203 of the drill bit 2, then the bone block fixer 5 is rotated anticlockwise to separate the external thread section 504 and the tip end of the bone block from the bone block, or the clamping column 503 of the bone block fixer 5 is kept in the insertion matching state with the clamping groove on the connecting head 203, the bone block is directly rotated anticlockwise to separate the bone block from the external thread section 504 and the tip end of the bone block fixer 5, and finally the bone block is taken out from the bone taking cavity of the drill bit and used for bone transplantation.

According to the semi-automatic iliac wing bone taking tool capable of reserving iliac crest, provided by the invention, through the integrated tool main body (the drill frame 1 and the tray support 4), the drill bits 2 of different types and corresponding trays 3 which can be quickly installed and disassembled, and the bone block fixator 5 which is installed subsequently, the drill bits 2 of corresponding types and the trays 3 thereof are selected and installed according to the required bone transplanting amount, so that the iliac crest can be reserved, and the required bone blocks can be quickly cut on the iliac wing.

The instrument provided by the invention is used for carrying out the ilium wing bone extraction operation, the required ilium wing bone block can be semi-automatically and quickly cut according to the bone transplantation amount of the receiving area under the condition that soft tissues do not need to be widely stripped, the ilium wing is retracted and exposed, and the iliac crest is kept without causing the deformity of the appearance of the supplying area, so that the operation efficiency can be improved, the operation wound can be reduced, the bleeding amount can be reduced, the operation time can be shortened, and the complications can be reduced.

The above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the specific embodiments of the present invention can be modified or substituted with equivalents with reference to the above embodiments, and any modifications or equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims to be appended.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a semi-automatization's ilium wing that remains iliac crest gets bone instrument, includes drill jig (1) and rotates drill bit (2) of installing on drill jig (1), and drill bit (2) are the open cylinder in one end, and the incisal edge of its open end is equipped with sawtooth (205) that are used for rotary-cut ilium wing bone piece, and the cylinder chamber of drill bit (2) is for holding getting bone chamber, its characterized in that of bone piece: a bone block fixer (5) is also arranged on the drill bit (2), and the bone block fixer (5) can rotate together with the drill bit (2) to drill into the cut bone block and take the bone block out of the body; the bone taking tool further comprises a tray assembly, wherein a tray (3) in the tray assembly and sawteeth (205) on the drill bit (2) are arranged oppositely, the tray assembly and the drill frame (4) are in rotary connection and provided with springs, and the tray (3) and the drill bit (2) are provided with folding force by the springs.

2. The semi-automated iliac wing bone harvesting tool of claim 1, wherein: the drill frame (1) is provided with a hollow rod cavity used for mounting a transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission shaft (106) capable of being connected with an external power mechanism and a driving bevel gear (104) coaxially arranged on the transmission shaft (106), and the tooth surface of the driving bevel gear (104) is exposed out of a hole (103) in the side surface of the hollow rod cavity and is meshed with a driven bevel gear (202) arranged at the tail end of the drill bit (2) so as to drive the drill bit (2) to rotate.

3. The semi-automated iliac wing bone harvesting tool of claim 1, wherein: the drilling frame (1) is provided with a U-shaped groove (101) which is used for being rotationally connected with the drill bit (2), an elastic limiting pin which can move up and down is arranged in the drilling frame (1), and a limiting head (102) of the elastic limiting pin is popped out under the action of a spring to seal a notch of the U-shaped groove (101).

4. The semi-automated iliac wing bone harvesting tool of claim 3, wherein: the up-and-down movement of the elastic limiting pin is realized through a first structure and/or a second structure: in the first structure, a long hole is formed in the side face of the drill frame (1), and a wrench (105) arranged on the elastic limiting pin extends out of the long hole, so that the wrench (105) can pull the elastic limiting pin to move up and down to expose or withdraw a limiting head (102) of the elastic limiting pin; in the second structure, the limiting head (102) of the elastic limiting pin faces towards one side of the notch of the U-shaped groove (101) to form an arc surface, and the tail end of the drill bit (2) forces the limiting head (102) of the elastic limiting pin to move downwards through extruding the arc surface to open the notch of the U-shaped groove (101), so that the drill bit (2) is installed in the U-shaped groove (101).

5. The semi-automated iliac wing bone harvesting tool of claim 1, wherein: the tray (3) is a disc (301) with side wing plates (302), the disc surface of the disc (301) is parallel to the plate surface of the side wing plates (302), a circular boss (305) is arranged on the disc surface of the disc (301) facing the sawteeth (205), and the disc surface of the disc (301) surrounding the circular boss (305) is lower than the circular surface of the circular boss (305) to form a drill bit avoiding ring (306); the tray assembly further comprises a tray support (4), the side wing plates (302) are connected with the tray support (4), the tray support (4) is rotatably connected with the drill frame (1), and a first compression spring (6) is arranged between the tray support (4) and the drill frame (1).

6. The semi-automated iliac wing bone harvesting tool of claim 5, wherein: the limiting rod (303) is arranged on the plate surface of the side wing plate (302) at a position away from the disc (301), the axial direction of the limiting rod (303) points to the drill rig (1), and the limiting rod (303) abuts against the iliac crest to limit the reserved thickness of the iliac crest when the limiting rod (303) is used for taking bones.

7. The semi-automated iliac wing bone harvesting tool of claim 5, wherein: the tray support (4) is of a flat plate structure, a slot and a hollow limiting column (402) perpendicular to the plate surface of the tray support (4) are formed in the tray support (4), the slot is opened on two adjacent side surfaces in the width and thickness directions of the tray support (4), a second compression spring (403) is installed in the hollow limiting column (402), the second compression spring (403) is connected with a slot sealing cover (401), and under the action of the second compression spring (403), the slot sealing cover (401) can shield the opening of the slot in the thickness direction of the tray support (4); the side wing plates (302) are inserted into the slots to realize the connection of the tray (3) and the tray support (4), and the tray (3) and the tray support (4) are fixed through convex-concave matching structures arranged on the side wing plates (302) and the inner walls of the slots.

8. The semi-automated iliac wing bone harvesting tool of claim 7, wherein: the hollow limiting column (402) is abutted to the drill frame (1) to ensure the parallel state of the drill frame (1) and the tray support (4) when a tool is not used or the drill bit (2) drills through the iliac wing.

9. The semi-automated iliac wing bone harvesting tool of claim 7, wherein: a connecting lug (404) is further arranged on one side of the tray support (4), a connecting rod (108) is arranged on the drill frame (1), and the connecting rod (108) and the connecting lug (404) are rotatably connected through a pin shaft; two ends of the first compression spring (6) are respectively connected to spring seats of the drill stand (1) and the tray support (4).

10. The semi-automated iliac wing bone harvesting tool of claim 2, wherein: bone piece fixer (5) are including the body of rod (502) and handheld portion (501) that are connected, and the front end of the body of rod (502) is equipped with pointed end and external screw thread section (504) to bore into and fix on the bone piece of cutting, bone piece fixer (5) through detachable construction with drill bit (2) fixed connection.

11. The semi-automated iliac wing bone harvesting tool of claim 10, wherein: detachable structure is including setting up card post (503) on the body of rod (502) and the draw-in groove of setting on drill bit (2) tail end connector (203), card post (503) and the body of rod (502) be cross connection, connector (203) through a hollow shaft (204) with driven bevel gear (202) on drill bit (2) are connected, connector (203) center and driven bevel gear (202) center all are equipped with the through-hole of intercommunication hollow shaft (204), the draw-in groove sets up on connector (203), and the body of rod (502) of bone block fixer (5) inserts the intracavity of getting bone of drill bit (2) through connector (203) after, card post (503) get into the draw-in groove to the axial fixity of draw-in groove to bone block fixer (5) is realized through the rotation of bone block fixer (5).