CN111458948B - Electric light intensity modulator for improving switch extinction ratio and application thereof - Google Patents
Electric light intensity modulator for improving switch extinction ratio and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111458948B CN111458948B CN202010309286.7A CN202010309286A CN111458948B CN 111458948 B CN111458948 B CN 111458948B CN 202010309286 A CN202010309286 A CN 202010309286A CN 111458948 B CN111458948 B CN 111458948B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/212—Mach-Zehnder type
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
An electro-optical intensity modulator for realizing the improvement of switch extinction ratio and the application thereof, the electro-optical intensity modulator comprises an input optical waveguide; a first coupler; a first pair of phase modulation arms, wherein the side edges of two arms of the first pair of phase modulation arms are provided with a first pair of traveling wave electrodes; the multimode interference structure comprises two input optical waveguides, a multimode interference area and two output optical waveguides, and is used for converting the two beams of light modulated by the first pair of phase modulation arms into two new beams of light output through the multimode interference area; the side edges of two arms of the second pair of phase modulation arms are provided with a second pair of traveling wave electrodes; and an output optical waveguide for outputting the light combined by the second coupler. The structure of the invention can compensate the extinction ratio reduction caused by asymmetry caused by process error by tuning the optical power ratio of two branches at the input end of the modulator, thereby obviously improving the extinction ratio, increasing the process tolerance and improving the production efficiency and the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber communication, and particularly relates to an electric light intensity modulator for improving the extinction ratio of a switch and application thereof.
Background
In practical application, the modulator is widely applied to systems such as an optical transmitter, optical information processing, optical fiber communication, optical interconnection and the like, the intensity, the phase and the polarization state of an optical carrier are regulated and controlled to serve as one of core devices in the optical communication and optical interconnection systems, the modulator realizes the conversion from an electric signal to an optical signal, the performance of the modulator directly determines the performance of the whole communication system, the switch extinction ratio is one of important indexes for measuring the performance of the modulator, the extinction ratio has influence on the transmission performance of information, the small extinction ratio can influence the judgment of a communication receiving module, the sensitivity of the receiving module is reduced, the transmission of module information is influenced, the large extinction ratio can improve the receiving sensitivity of the module, but the larger extinction ratio is better, the electro-optical extinction ratio of the traditional interference type intensity modulator (usually of a Mach-Zehnder type) is influenced by the symmetry of two branch waveguides of the modulator, and the symmetry is higher, the larger the extinction ratio, but the practical resulting asymmetry of the two arms can greatly reduce the on-off extinction ratio of the modulator in view of design and processing errors.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an electro-optical intensity modulator with improved switching extinction ratio and application thereof, so as to at least partially solve at least one of the above technical problems.
To achieve the above object, as one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electro-optical intensity modulator achieving an increase in a switching extinction ratio, comprising:
an input optical waveguide for injection of light;
the first coupler divides the light in the input optical waveguide into two beams of light with equal success rate;
the side edges of two arms of the first pair of phase modulation arms are provided with a first pair of traveling wave electrodes which are used for modulating two beams of light divided by the first coupler;
the multimode interference structure comprises two input optical waveguides, a multimode interference area and two output optical waveguides, and is used for converting the two beams of light modulated by the first pair of phase modulation arms into two new beams of light output through the multimode interference area;
the side edges of two arms of the second pair of phase modulation arms are provided with a second pair of traveling wave electrodes which are used for modulating two beams of light passing through the multimode interference structure;
the second coupler combines the two beams modulated by the second pair of phase modulation arms; and
and an output optical waveguide for outputting the light combined by the second coupler.
As another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a use of the electro-optical intensity modulator as described above in the field of optical fiber communication.
Based on the technical scheme, the electric light intensity modulator for realizing the improvement of the switch extinction ratio and the application thereof have at least one of the following advantages compared with the prior art:
1. in the structure of the invention, the traveling wave electrode of the modulator is arranged to be a coplanar waveguide type, and the working mode of the modulator is arranged to be a push-pull structure, thus being beneficial to realizing the characteristics of high modulation bandwidth and low half-wave voltage of the device;
2. in the structure of the invention, a 3dB coupler, a pair of phase modulation arms and a pair of electrodes and a 2 x 2 multimode interference structure (MMI) are introduced at the input end of the modulator, the combination of the above 3 parts replaces 1 single 3dB coupler at the input end of the traditional interference type intensity modulator, the adjustment of the optical power in two branches at the input end of the interference arm of the modulator is realized by adjusting the signal intensity in the first pair of electrodes, the symmetry between the two interference arms of the modulator is further improved, and the switch extinction ratio is increased;
3. the structure of the invention can compensate the extinction ratio reduction caused by asymmetry caused by process error by tuning the optical power ratio of two branches at the input end of the modulator, thereby obviously improving the extinction ratio, increasing the process tolerance and improving the production efficiency and the yield.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electro-optical intensity modulator with a high switch extinction ratio according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the above figures, the reference numerals have the following meanings:
1-an input optical waveguide; 20-a first 3dB coupler; 21-a second 3dB coupler; 3-2 × 2 MMI; 4-a first pair of phase modulation arms; 5-a first signal electrode; 6-a first ground electrode; 7-a second pair of phase modulation arms; 8-second signal electrode, 9-second ground electrode, 10-output optical waveguide.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
The invention discloses an electric light intensity modulator for improving switch extinction ratio, which comprises:
an input optical waveguide for injection of light;
the first coupler divides the light in the input optical waveguide into two beams of light with equal success rate;
the side edges of two arms of the first pair of phase modulation arms are provided with a first pair of traveling wave electrodes which are used for modulating two beams of light divided by the first coupler;
the multimode interference structure comprises two input optical waveguides, a multimode interference area and two output optical waveguides, and is used for converting the two beams of light modulated by the first pair of phase modulation arms into two new beams of light output through the multimode interference area;
a second pair of traveling wave electrodes are arranged on the side edges of two arms of the second pair of phase modulation hips and are used for modulating two beams of light passing through the multimode interference structure;
the second coupler combines the two beams modulated by the second pair of phase modulation arms; and
and an output optical waveguide for outputting the light combined by the second coupler.
In some embodiments of the invention, the first pair of traveling-wave electrodes comprises a first signal electrode and a first ground electrode, the first signal electrode and the first ground electrode being located on respective sides of both arms of the first pair of phase-modulating arms.
In some embodiments of the invention, the second pair of traveling-wave electrodes comprises a second signal electrode disposed between the two arms of the second pair of phase-modulating arms and two second ground electrodes disposed respectively outside the two arms of the second pair of phase-modulating arms.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the first pair of phase modulating arms and the length of the second pair of phase modulating arms are the same or different.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the input optical waveguide, the output optical waveguide, the first coupler, the second coupler, the first pair of phase modulating arms, and the multimode interference structure are made of a material comprising lithium niobate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the first coupler and the second coupler each comprise a 3dB coupler.
In some embodiments of the invention, the multimode interference structure comprises a 2 x 2 multimode interference structure.
The invention also discloses application of the electro-optical intensity modulator in the field of optical fiber communication.
In one exemplary embodiment, the present invention discloses an electro-optic intensity modulator with high switch extinction ratio, comprising:
an input optical waveguide for injection of light;
a first 3dB coupler for splitting a beam into two beams having equal power;
the phase modulation arm (comprising a first phase modulation arm and a second phase modulation arm) is generally an optical waveguide with a certain length, and when an external electric field is applied, the optical refractive index changes according to an electro-optical effect, so that a phase difference is generated between optical fields of the two phase modulation arms;
2 x 2MMI (i.e. 2 x 2MMI) comprising two input optical waveguides, a multimode interference zone and two output optical waveguides for converting two input beams of light into two output new beams of light via the multimode interference zone;
traveling wave electrodes (including a first signal electrode, a first ground electrode, a second signal electrode, and a second ground electrode) having a length along which electrical signals can be transmitted;
the second 3dB coupler is used for combining two beams of interference light with equal power;
and an output optical waveguide for outputting the light.
Wherein, the input optical waveguide, the first 3dB coupler, the first pair of phase modulation arms, the 2 x 2MMI, the second pair of phase adjustment arms, the second 3dB coupler and the output optical waveguide are connected in turn to form a complete optical path;
the length of the first pair of phase modulation arms and the length of the second pair of phase modulation arms can be the same or different;
the material of the optical waveguide (including an input waveguide, an output waveguide, a 3dB coupling structure, a phase modulation arm and a multimode interference structure) should be a material with a large electro-optic effect, and preferably, the material may be a lithium niobate material or a polymer material with a large electro-optic coefficient;
the first pair of traveling wave electrodes acts on one of the first pair of phase modulation arms, and the electrodes are positioned on two sides of the waveguide and comprise a first signal electrode and a first ground electrode;
most preferably, the second pair of traveling wave electrodes is usually in the form of coplanar waveguide (CPW) electrodes to increase the modulation bandwidth of the modulator, and includes a central second signal electrode and two second ground electrodes;
preferably, the second pair of phase modulation arms is positioned between the second pair of travelling wave electrode intervals to form a push-pull structure so as to reduce the half-wave voltage of the modulator;
the traveling wave electrode of the electro-optical intensity modulator with high switch extinction ratio is arranged to be a coplanar waveguide type, and the working mode of the modulator is arranged to be a push-pull structure, so that the characteristics of high modulation bandwidth and low half-wave voltage of the device can be realized;
the second pair of phase modulation arms and the second pair of traveling wave electrodes are core parts of the intensity modulator, by utilizing a push-pull structure, under the action of electrode signals, output optical fields of the two phase modulation arms are 2 times of phase shift generated by a single phase modulation arm under the action of electro-optic, two beams of interference light are output by combining through a 3dB coupler, the intensity of the output light can change along with the change of phase difference, and electro-optic intensity modulation is realized;
two beams of light with phase difference output from the first pair of phase modulation arms are input into a 2 x 2MMI, and through mode interference, the power ratio of the two beams of light at the output end is related to the phase difference between the two beams of light; the phase difference of the two beams at the input end of 2 x 2MMI is related to the magnitude of the electric signal applied by the first pair of traveling wave electrodes.
For the interference type intensity modulator, the more symmetrical the two interference branches are, the larger the extinction ratio of the switch of the final modulator is, and the better the performance is; the asymmetry of the 3dB coupler and the phase modulation arm due to processing errors will cause the on-state ratio of the modulator to decrease;
by tuning the intensity of the electric signal of the first pair of electrodes and changing the power ratio of the light beams at the two output ends of the 2 x 2MMI, the asymmetric influence caused by different process errors can be compensated, the operation is simple, and the switch extinction ratio of the modulator is finally improved.
The modulator is characterized in that a 3dB coupler, a pair of phase modulation arms, a pair of electrodes and a 2 × 2MMI are introduced into an input end of the modulator, the 3 parts are combined to replace 1 single 3dB coupler at the input end in the traditional interference type intensity modulator, the adjustment of the optical power in two branches at the input end of the interference arm of the modulator is realized by adjusting the signal intensity in the first pair of electrodes, the symmetry between the two interference arms of the modulator is further improved, and the switch extinction ratio is increased;
the structure can compensate the reduction of the extinction ratio caused by asymmetry caused by process errors by tuning the optical power ratio of the two branches at the input end of the modulator, is simple to operate, obviously improves the extinction ratio, increases the process tolerance and improves the production efficiency and the yield.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific examples are given by way of illustration only and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an electro-optical intensity modulator with high switch extinction ratio, which includes an input optical waveguide 1, a first 3dB coupler 20, a 2 × 2MMI 3, a first pair of phase modulation arms 4; a first signal electrode 5; a first ground electrode 6; a second pair of phase modulation arms 7; a second signal electrode 8, a second ground electrode 9, a second 3dB coupler 21, and an output optical waveguide 10.
An input optical waveguide 1, a first 3dB coupler 20, a first pair of phase modulation arms 4, a second pair of phase modulation arms 7, a second 3dB coupler 21 and an output optical waveguide 10 are sequentially connected to form a complete optical path, the length of the first pair of phase modulation arms 4 and the length of the second pair of phase modulation arms 7 can be different, a first signal electrode 5 and a first ground electrode 6 act on the first pair of phase modulation arms 4 to cause the change of the waveguide refractive index in the first pair of phase modulation arms 4 and further cause the generation of a phase difference between optical fields in the two arms of the first pair of phase modulation arms 4, the output of the first pair of phase modulation arms 4 is input into the first pair of phase modulation arms 2 3 and then output into two beams of light through multi-mode interference and then enters the two phase modulation arms 7 of the modulator, and the second signal electrode 8 and a second ground electrode 9 perform electro-optical modulation on the second pair of phase modulation arms 7, the outputs of the second pair of phase modulation arms 7 are combined by the first 3dB coupler 20 and output from the output optical waveguide 10, the output intensity of the output optical waveguide 10 can change along with the phase difference of the optical field between the two output ends of the second pair of phase modulation arms 7, due to design or process errors, two branches of the actual modulator are not completely symmetrical, the switch extinction ratio of the modulator is reduced, and the first 3dB coupler 20, the 2 x 2MMI 3 and the first signal electrode 5 are used in the structure; the structure of combining the first ground electrode 6 replaces a simple first 3dB coupler 20 in the traditional modulator, and the tunability of the optical power ratio of the two phase modulation arm input ends of the modulator is realized, so that the asymmetry caused by design or process is compensated, the switch extinction ratio of the modulator is obviously improved, the process error is increased, and the production efficiency and the yield are improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An electro-optic intensity modulator for achieving an increase in the extinction ratio of a switch, comprising:
an input optical waveguide for injection of light;
the first coupler divides the light in the input optical waveguide into two beams of light with equal success rate;
the side edges of two arms of the first pair of phase modulation arms are provided with a first pair of traveling wave electrodes which are used for modulating two beams of light divided by the first coupler;
the multimode interference structure comprises two input optical waveguides, a multimode interference area and two output optical waveguides, and is used for converting the two beams of light modulated by the first pair of phase modulation arms into two new beams of light output through the multimode interference area;
the side edges of two arms of the second pair of phase modulation arms are provided with a second pair of traveling wave electrodes which are used for modulating two beams of light passing through the multimode interference structure;
the second coupler combines the two beams modulated by the second pair of phase modulation arms;
an output optical waveguide for outputting the light combined by the second coupler;
wherein the second pair of traveling wave electrodes is in the form of coplanar waveguide electrodes;
the second pair of phase modulating arms is positioned between the spacings of the second pair of traveling-wave electrodes to form a push-pull configuration.
2. The electro-optic intensity modulator of claim 1,
the first pair of traveling-wave electrodes includes a first signal electrode and a first ground electrode, and the first signal electrode and the first ground electrode are respectively located at the sides of two arms of the first pair of phase modulation arms.
3. The electro-optic intensity modulator of claim 1,
the second pair of traveling wave electrodes comprises a second signal electrode and two second ground electrodes, the second signal electrode is arranged between the two arms of the second pair of phase modulation arms, and the two second ground electrodes are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the two arms of the second pair of phase modulation arms.
4. The electro-optic intensity modulator of claim 1,
the length of the first pair of phase modulation arms is the same as or different from the length of the second pair of phase modulation arms.
5. The electro-optic intensity modulator of claim 1,
the input optical waveguide, the output optical waveguide, the first coupler, the second coupler, the first pair of phase modulation arms and the multimode interference structure are made of lithium niobate.
6. The electro-optic intensity modulator of claim 1,
the first and second couplers each comprise a 3dB coupler.
7. The electro-optic intensity modulator of claim 1,
the multimode interference structure comprises a 2 x 2 multimode interference structure.
8. Use of an electro-optic intensity modulator according to any of claims 1 to 7 in the field of optical fibre communication.
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| CN202010309286.7A CN111458948B (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2020-04-17 | Electric light intensity modulator for improving switch extinction ratio and application thereof |
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| CN202010309286.7A CN111458948B (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2020-04-17 | Electric light intensity modulator for improving switch extinction ratio and application thereof |
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| CN113126332B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2023-02-03 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator and modulation method |
| EP4391416A1 (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2024-06-26 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Optical signal sending apparatus |
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| JP3664933B2 (en) * | 2000-02-10 | 2005-06-29 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Optical waveguide type optical switch |
| US20030118279A1 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-06-26 | Lynx Photonic Networks Inc | High-tolerance broadband-optical switch in planar lightwave circuits |
| CN1287175C (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2006-11-29 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Electrooptical light guide optical switching arrangement capable of increasing extinction ratio |
| JP5324489B2 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2013-10-23 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Optical switch and wavelength selective switch |
| CN109298550A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-02-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | A kind of M-Z type lithium niobate intensity modulator of high extinction ratio |
| CN110646884B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2021-01-26 | 华中科技大学 | Polarization beam splitter with large manufacturing tolerance and high polarization extinction ratio |
| CN110441928A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-12 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of folding electric optical modulator and preparation method thereof |
| CN110927872B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-11-27 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Optical waveguide intensity modulator chip with large optical path difference |
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