CN111458726B - Atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data - Google Patents
Atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on the coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data comprises the steps that according to the signal detection process analysis of the coherent laser radar, the maximum intensity of different range gate spectrum data of the atmospheric aerosol analysis method comprises atmospheric echo information. And extracting spectral intensity data of corresponding heights, wherein the spectral intensity data can correspondingly comprise an atmospheric extinction coefficient and a backscattering coefficient atmospheric lidar equation. And the atmospheric extinction coefficient is inverted by utilizing the calculation relationship between the atmospheric backscattering coefficient and the atmospheric extinction coefficient. The coherent laser radar carries out aerosol detection, expands the application function of the coherent radar and improves the data utilization rate of a coherent system. Compared with the traditional aerosol laser radar detection, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral intensity data is high, and the detection distance and the detection precision have obvious advantages. And the coherent laser radar has compact structure, stable and reliable optical components, and more advantages than the traditional aerosol radar in use environment reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for analyzing aerosol by utilizing a laser radar, in particular to a method for measuring atmospheric aerosol information based on coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data.
Background
Atmospheric information, such as wind speed, temperature, humidity, aerosol, cloud, etc., plays a very important role. The method plays an important role in weather forecast, safe and efficient operation of airports, monitoring of atmospheric pollutants and military application.
The laser radar has high space-time resolution of measurement information, can continuously measure, and has obvious advantages compared with the traditional atmospheric detection mode. Coherent laser radar systems are well-established at present, but are mainly used for measuring atmospheric wind fields. In coherent laser radars, a sampled signal is converted into spectral data by means of fourier transform or the like on the echo intensity. The spectral data information includes two aspects, frequency variation information and spectral intensity information.
Due to the Doppler effect of the atmospheric echo, frequency change information of the spectral data can be used for inverting the atmospheric wind speed; atmospheric extinction information is contained in the spectrum intensity information, and atmospheric aerosol detection can be carried out based on the spectrum intensity information.
In the measurement of the conventional coherent laser radar, only frequency fluctuation information of spectral data is used for inverting the atmosphere; the intensity of the spectral data is not considered, so that the application range of the coherent radar is limited. In the conventional atmospheric measurement, an atmospheric wind field and an atmospheric aerosol are used as basic parameters of two atmospheres, and the need of common measurement exists. Therefore, when a coherent laser radar is equipped to measure the atmospheric wind field, an aerosol radar is also equipped to synchronously acquire atmospheric aerosol information. In addition, the existing aerosol laser radar needs larger pulse energy by utilizing the traditional pulse energy detection mode, and compared with a coherent radar system, the system power consumption, the system volume and the system complexity have defects in the reapplication property; meanwhile, most aerosol laser radars use visible light or near-infrared light waves as detection wavelengths, which threatens the safety of human eyes. In contrast, the coherent laser radar uses a fiber laser with higher integration level and stability, and has a simple structure and stable operation; the coherent system uses the mid-infrared band, and can ensure the safety of human eyes in actual use. Meanwhile, based on the principle mode that the coherent system enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of the system through local oscillation light, a farther detection range is easier to obtain.
At present, the application of the coherent laser radar to atmospheric aerosol analysis does not appear. The method for detecting the aerosol by using the coherent laser radar not only expands the application field of the coherent laser radar, but also has better detection performance and use performance compared with the traditional aerosol laser radar.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent laser radar spectral intensity data.
An atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, converting a photoelectric detector sampling signal of a coherent laser radar to obtain spectral data corresponding to different heights;
step 2, carrying out intensity detection on the spectrum data with different heights to obtain maximum spectrum intensity data F (h) at different heights, wherein the maximum spectrum intensity data contains atmospheric information, and h is the height;
and 3, equating the spectral intensity data to a laser radar equation, and simultaneously carrying out distance correction:
wherein A is the proportional relation of the spectrum intensity data and the echo intensity conversion, and is a fixed value; k is a system constant; h is the corresponding height; β (h) is the total atmospheric backscattering coefficient, α (ξ) is the total atmospheric extinction coefficient with respect to height ξ;
and 4, replacing the total atmospheric backscattering coefficient by the total atmospheric extinction coefficient by utilizing the corresponding relation between the atmospheric extinction coefficient and the atmospheric backscattering coefficient:
S 1 k is related to laser emission wavelength and aerosol ion characteristics for extinction backscattering ratio, k is more than or equal to 0.67 and less than or equal to 1,
carrying out logarithm and differential processing on the formula obtained in the step 3 to obtain a result:
wherein, the constant term of the formula in the step 3 is changed into a single constant term by logarithm, and the constant is 0 when in differential calculation;
and 5, calculating an unknown function alpha (h) of the formula in the step 4 by combining a Bernoulli equation solution, wherein the alpha (h) can be divided into the following two expression formulas by combining boundary conditions:
α f (h) For backward atmospheric extinction coefficient, i.e. height greater than h f Result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient of time, α (h) f ) Is its boundary condition;
α b (h) For forward atmospheric extinction coefficient, i.e. height less than h b Result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient of time, α (h) b ) Is its boundary condition;
h f and h b Respectively are height values corresponding to the boundary conditions;
when the height is more than or equal to h f Then, the calculation result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient alpha (h) is taken as alpha f (h)；
When the height is less than h b Then, the calculation result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient alpha (h) is taken as alpha b (h)。
The atmospheric aerosol concentration information is directly related to the atmospheric correlation coefficient information, and the complete atmospheric aerosol concentration profile information with different heights can be obtained by combining the calculation results.
In step 4, the parameter k related to the laser emission wavelength and the aerosol ion characteristic may be k =1 without loss of generality.
Advantages of the invention
Coherent lidar has undergone relatively rapid development in recent years and has had extensive data available for further research. However, in general, the coherent lidar application is still in the initial stage of commercial development, and the coherent lidar has been researched to focus on the aspects of improvement of the hardware performance of a coherent system, development of different anemometry modes, integration processing of wind field measurement results and the like, and does not extract and analyze atmospheric information hidden in coherent echoes. The method fully utilizes the information ignored by the conventional coherent laser radar, calculates the atmospheric aerosol based on the calculation process in the wind measurement of the coherent radar by using intermediate processing data, equivalently uses the spectral intensity data to form the atmospheric echo intensity, and calculates the atmospheric aerosol by using an atmospheric echo inversion method, thereby realizing the measurement of the atmospheric aerosol based on the spectral intensity data of the coherent laser radar, expanding the measurement function of the coherent laser radar and laying a foundation for the subsequent research.
Due to the detection principle of the coherent laser radar, the atmosphere far-field weak signal and the local oscillator signal beat frequency to acquire far-field echo data. Coherent laser radar can utilize stronger local oscillator signal to effectively improve far-field signal-to-noise ratio, compares traditional aerosol laser radar to far-field signal's detection more accurate.
The optical components of the coherent radar system mostly adopt mature integrated modules, and the stability and the environmental adaptability of the system per se are more advantageous than those of the traditional aerosol radar system, so that the system is more suitable for large-scale popularization of commerciality.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a graph of coherent lidar spectral intensity,
the horizontal axis is the number of points, every 100 points are a group, and the spectrum data of a distance gate corresponds to the points; the vertical axis is the spectral intensity, and the highest point in the range corresponding to the range gate is the spectral intensity value corresponding to the range gate.
FIG. 2 is a graph of equivalent atmospheric echo intensities for different range gates acquired from the data of FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The detection process of the coherent laser radar is that laser local oscillation signals and radar echo signals are subjected to spatial frequency mixing detection. The laser local oscillator signal is a narrow bandwidth signal with certain intensity led out by a laser seed source. The echo of the laser emission pulse in the atmosphere is received by the same optical device, then the echo and the local oscillator light are mixed together in space, and further the detector converts the optical signal into an electric signal.
Wherein, coherent laser radar system local oscillator signal is:
A od in order to be the amplitude of the local oscillator light,
is the local oscillator optical phase, f od Is the local oscillator optical frequency; x and y are plane coordinate information of local oscillator light distribution, and t corresponds to time information; the above form is a representation of a complex number, where the real part represents the actual light wave intensity.
The received echo signal strength of the radar is expressed as:
A sd in order to be the amplitude of the signal light,
is the phase of the signal light, f sd Is the signal light frequency; x and y are plane coordinate information of echo distribution, and t corresponds to time information. The above form is a representation of a complex number, where the real part represents the actual light wave intensity.
Two paths of signals are mixed on a detector, and the light wave vector is as follows:
thus, the light intensity detected by the detector is:
I od ＝|u od | 2
I sd ＝|u sd | 2
I n ＝2Re[u od (x，y，t)*u sd (x，y，t)]
wherein u is od (x，y，t)*u sd (x, y, t) is a multiplication of two complex numbers, and Re represents an effective value in which the real part is taken as the actual intensity.
I od And I sd All direct current signals are direct current signals, so that the direct current signals can be conveniently filtered; and heterodyne signal I n Comprises the following steps:
Δf＝f od -f sd (1.6)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the initial phase difference value, Δ f is the Doppler shift information, and I n The peak intensity information of (1) includes I sd The intensity signal can be used to invert the aerosol constants.
The output signal of the photoelectric detector is acquired by a high-speed analog digital acquisition card (AD acquisition card). The propagation speed of the light is determined, so that the system is within each range gateA set of data is subjected to FFT variation to obtain frequency spectrum intensity signals corresponding to different radial heights, as shown in fig. 1. In the FFT spectrum data intensity, the corresponding intensity of the center frequency is the same as I od I sd In direct proportion, the corresponding frequency value is Δ f.
The coherent laser radar only uses the difference value delta f of the frequency center frequency compared with the transmitting coherent center frequency for inverting the wind speed; the intensity information of the corresponding frequency comprises the signal I of the atmosphere echo sd Intensity of local oscillator light I od 。
According to the analysis, the extracted different distance center frequency intensities are the product of the local oscillation optical signal intensity and the echo signal intensity. And the local oscillator light intensity is stable, so the changed spectrum intensity information corresponds to the echo signal detected by the common laser. Meanwhile, because the local oscillator has high light intensity and high signal-to-noise ratio of the corresponding spectrum intensity signal, the spectrum intensity data is utilized to carry out atmospheric detection, and compared with a common laser radar method, the system detection distance and accuracy have obvious advantages and sufficient reliability.
For spectrum intensity data obtained by the coherent laser radar, firstly, extracting a maximum spectrum intensity signal corresponding to a range gate, and acquiring signals of the same size of the laser radar equation after enough time accumulation and averaging.
Assuming that the obtained spectrum center intensity data is F (F), the correlation with the actual atmospheric parameters is as follows:
wherein A is the proportional relation of the spectrum intensity data and the echo intensity conversion, and is a fixed value; k is a system constant; f is the corresponding height; beta is a aer (f) And beta mol (f) Respectively representing the backscattering coefficient of atmospheric molecules and the backscattering coefficient of aerosol; alpha is alpha aer [ xi ] and [ alpha ] mol And (xi) is an atmospheric molecule extinction coefficient and an aerosol extinction coefficient respectively, and xi represents a height value.
The acquired spectral intensity data can be inverted by referring to a general aerosol inversion method corresponding to a laser radar equation. Compared with the common aerosol laser radar, the spectral intensity data has larger signal-to-noise ratio and has obvious advantages in detection distance and precision.
For a backscattering coefficient of β (f) and an extinction coefficient of α (f), the following formula applies:
β(f)＝β aer (f)+β mol (f) (2.2)
α(f)＝α aer (f)+α mol (f) (2.3)
the spectral intensity signal is subjected to distance correction to obtain X (f),
taking logarithm to formula 2.4 yields:
differentiating equation 2.5:
in the characteristics of the atmospheric echo, a certain corresponding relation exists between a backscattering coefficient and an extinction coefficient, and the backscattering coefficient and the extinction coefficient are expressed by the following formula:
β(f)＝α k ( f )/S 1 (2.7)
S 1 the extinction backscattering ratio is defined as k, which is related to the laser emission wavelength and the aerosol ion characteristics, and is more than or equal to 0.67 and less than or equal to 1, and k =1 is generally adopted;
the equation 2.7 is substituted into 2.6,
by solving α (f) in equation 2.8 using the solution of bernoulli's equation, the following two cases can be obtained:
the expression 2.9 is a backward integral expression, alpha (h) f ) Is a boundary condition; equation 2.10 is a forward integral equation, α (f) b ) Is a boundary condition; boundary condition α (h) f ) And alpha (f) b ) The calculation of (2) can be obtained by a slope method assuming that the atmosphere is uniform within a certain range.
When the height is more than or equal to f f Then, the calculation result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient alpha (f) is taken as alpha f (f)；
When the height is less than f b Then, the calculation result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient alpha (f) is taken as alpha b (f)；
And (4) combining the grating counting results to obtain complete atmosphere extinction coefficient profiles with different heights.
Claims (2)
1. An atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, converting a photoelectric detector sampling signal of a coherent laser radar to obtain spectral data corresponding to different heights;
step 2, carrying out intensity detection on the spectrum data with different heights to obtain maximum spectrum intensity data F (h) at different heights, wherein the maximum spectrum intensity data comprises atmospheric information, and h is the height;
and 3, equating the spectral intensity data to a laser radar equation, and simultaneously carrying out distance correction:
wherein A is the proportional relation of the spectrum intensity data and the echo intensity conversion, and is a fixed value; k is a system constant; h is the corresponding height; β (h) is the total atmospheric backscattering coefficient, α (ξ) is the total atmospheric extinction coefficient with respect to height ξ;
and 4, replacing the total atmospheric backscattering coefficient by the total atmospheric extinction coefficient by utilizing the corresponding relation between the atmospheric extinction coefficient and the atmospheric backscattering coefficient: β (h) = α k (h)/S 1 ，
S 1 Is an extinction backscattering ratio, k is related to the laser emission wavelength and the aerosol ion characteristic, k is more than or equal to 0.67 and less than or equal to 1,
carrying out logarithm and differential processing on the formula obtained in the step 3 to obtain a result:
wherein, the constant term of the formula in the step 3 is changed into an independent constant term by logarithm, and the constant is 0 when the differential calculation is carried out;
and 5, calculating an unknown function alpha (h) of the formula in the step 4 by combining a Bernoulli equation solution, wherein the alpha (h) can be divided into the following two expression formulas by combining boundary conditions:
α f (h) Is a backward atmospheric extinction coefficient, i.e. height greater than h f Result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient of time, α (h) f ) Is its boundary condition;
α b (h) For the forward atmosphereOptical coefficient, i.e. height less than h b Result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient of time, α (h) b ) Is its boundary condition;
h f and h b Respectively are height values corresponding to the boundary conditions;
when the height is more than or equal to h f Then, the calculation result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient alpha (h) is taken as alpha f (h)；
When the height is less than h b Then, the calculation result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient alpha (h) is taken as alpha b (h)。
2. The atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent lidar spectral intensity data of claim 1, wherein in step 4, k =1 is taken as a parameter k related to the lasing wavelength and the aerosol ion characteristics.
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