CN111458726A - Atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data - Google Patents

Atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data Download PDF

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CN111458726A
CN111458726A CN202010309069.8A CN202010309069A CN111458726A CN 111458726 A CN111458726 A CN 111458726A CN 202010309069 A CN202010309069 A CN 202010309069A CN 111458726 A CN111458726 A CN 111458726A
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laser radar
extinction coefficient
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CN111458726B (en
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秦胜光
尹嘉萍
王希涛
李荣忠
宋小全
吴松华
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Qingdao Radium Testing And Creative Core Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on the coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data comprises the steps that according to the signal detection process analysis of the coherent laser radar, the maximum intensity of different range gate spectrum data of the atmospheric aerosol analysis method comprises atmospheric echo information. And extracting spectral intensity data of corresponding heights, wherein the spectral intensity data can correspondingly comprise an atmospheric extinction coefficient and a backscattering coefficient atmospheric lidar equation. And the atmospheric extinction coefficient is inverted by utilizing the calculation relationship between the atmospheric backscattering coefficient and the atmospheric extinction coefficient. The coherent laser radar carries out aerosol detection, expands the application function of the coherent radar and improves the data utilization rate of a coherent system. Compared with the traditional aerosol laser radar detection, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral intensity data is high, and the detection distance and the detection precision have obvious advantages. And the coherent laser radar has compact structure, stable and reliable optical components, and more advantages than the traditional aerosol radar in use environment reliability.

Description

Atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for analyzing aerosol by utilizing a laser radar, in particular to a method for measuring atmospheric aerosol information based on coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data.
Background
Atmospheric information, such as wind speed, temperature, humidity, aerosol, cloud, etc., plays a very important role. The method plays an important role in weather forecast, safe and efficient operation of airports, monitoring of atmospheric pollutants and military application.
The laser radar has high space-time resolution of measurement information, can continuously measure, and has obvious advantages compared with the traditional atmospheric detection mode. Coherent laser radar systems are well-established at present, but are mainly used for measuring atmospheric wind fields. In coherent laser radars, a sampled signal is converted into spectral data by means of fourier transform or the like on the echo intensity. The spectral data information includes two aspects, frequency variation information and spectral intensity information.
Due to the Doppler effect of the atmospheric echo, frequency change information of the spectral data can be used for inverting the atmospheric wind speed; the spectrum intensity information contains atmospheric extinction information and can be used for atmospheric aerosol detection based on the spectrum intensity information.
In the measurement of the conventional coherent laser radar, the atmosphere is inverted by using only the frequency fluctuation information of spectral data; the intensity of the spectral data is not considered, and the application range of the coherent radar is limited. In the conventional atmospheric measurement, an atmospheric wind field and an atmospheric aerosol are used as basic parameters of two atmospheres, and the need of common measurement exists. Therefore, when a coherent laser radar is equipped to measure the atmospheric wind field, an aerosol radar is also equipped to synchronously acquire atmospheric aerosol information. In addition, the existing aerosol laser radar needs larger pulse energy by utilizing the traditional pulse energy detection mode, and compared with a coherent radar system, the system power consumption, the system volume and the system complexity have defects in the reapplication property; meanwhile, most aerosol laser radars use visible light or near-infrared light waves as detection wavelengths, which threatens the safety of human eyes. In contrast, the coherent laser radar uses the fiber laser with higher integration level and stability, and has simple structure and stable operation; the coherent system uses the middle infrared band, and can ensure the safety of human eyes in actual use. Meanwhile, based on the principle mode that the coherent system enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of the system through local oscillation light, a farther detection range is easier to obtain.
At present, the application of the coherent laser radar to atmospheric aerosol analysis does not appear. The method for detecting the aerosol by using the coherent laser radar not only expands the application field of the coherent laser radar, but also has better detection performance and use performance compared with the traditional aerosol laser radar.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent laser radar spectral intensity data.
An atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, converting a photoelectric detector sampling signal of a coherent laser radar to obtain spectral data corresponding to different heights;
step 2, carrying out intensity detection on the spectrum data with different heights to obtain maximum spectrum intensity data F (h) at different heights, wherein the maximum spectrum intensity data comprises atmospheric information, and h is the height;
and 3, equating the spectral intensity data to a laser radar equation, and simultaneously carrying out distance correction:
Figure BDA0002456963640000021
wherein A is the proportional relation of the spectrum intensity data and the echo intensity conversion and is a fixed value, K is a system constant, h is the corresponding height, β (h) is the total backscattering coefficient of the atmosphere, α (ξ) is the total extinction coefficient of the atmosphere related to the height ξ;
and 4, replacing the total atmospheric backscattering coefficient by the total atmospheric extinction coefficient by utilizing the corresponding relation between the atmospheric extinction coefficient and the atmospheric backscattering coefficient:
Figure BDA0002456963640000022
S1is an extinction backscattering ratio, k is related to the laser emission wavelength and the aerosol ion characteristic, k is more than or equal to 0.67 and less than or equal to 1,
carrying out logarithm and differential processing on the formula obtained in the step 3 to obtain a result:
Figure BDA0002456963640000023
Figure BDA0002456963640000024
wherein, the constant term of the formula in the step 3 is changed into an independent constant term by logarithm, and the constant is 0 when the differential calculation is carried out;
step 5, combining bernoulli equation solution, calculates the unknown function α (h) of step 4 formula, and α (h) can be divided into the following two expression formulas in combination with boundary conditions:
Figure BDA0002456963640000031
Figure BDA0002456963640000032
αf(h) for backward atmospheric extinction coefficient, i.e. height greater than hfResult of atmospheric extinction coefficient of time, α (h)f) Is its boundary condition;
αb(h) for forward atmospheric extinction coefficient, i.e. height less than hbResult of atmospheric extinction coefficient of time, α (h)b) Is its boundary condition;
hfand hbRespectively are height values corresponding to the boundary conditions;
when the height is more than or equal to hfThen, α is taken as the calculation result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient α (h)f(h)；
When the height is less than hbThen, α is taken as the calculation result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient α (h)b(h)。
The atmospheric aerosol concentration information is directly related to the atmospheric correlation coefficient information, and the complete atmospheric aerosol concentration profile information with different heights can be obtained by combining the calculation results.
In the step 4, the parameter k related to the laser emission wavelength and the aerosol ion characteristic may be equal to 1 without loss of generality.
Advantages of the invention
Coherent lidar has undergone relatively rapid development in recent years and has had extensive data available for further research. However, in general, the application of coherent lidar is still in the initial stage of commercial development, and the research of coherent lidar focuses on the improvement of the hardware performance of coherent system, the development of different anemometry modes, the integration processing of wind field measurement results, and the like, and does not extract and analyze the atmospheric information hidden in the coherent echo. The invention fully utilizes the information ignored by the conventional coherent laser radar, calculates the atmospheric aerosol by using the spectrum intensity data equivalent to the atmospheric echo intensity based on the calculation process in the wind measurement of the coherent radar and the intermediate processing data, and calculates the atmospheric aerosol by using the inversion method of the atmospheric echo, thereby realizing the measurement of the atmospheric aerosol based on the spectrum intensity data of the coherent laser radar, expanding the measurement function of the coherent laser radar and laying a foundation for the subsequent research.
Due to the detection principle of the coherent laser radar, the atmosphere far-field weak signal and the local oscillator signal beat frequency to acquire far-field echo data. Coherent laser radar can utilize stronger local oscillator signal to effectively improve far-field signal-to-noise ratio, compares traditional aerosol laser radar to far-field signal's detection more accurate.
The optical components of the coherent radar system mostly adopt mature integrated modules, and the stability and the environmental adaptability of the system per se are more advantageous than those of the traditional aerosol radar system, so that the system is more suitable for large-scale popularization of commerciality.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a graph of coherent lidar spectral intensity,
the horizontal axis is the number of points, every 100 points are a group, and the spectrum data of a distance gate corresponds to the points; the vertical axis is the spectral intensity, and the highest point in the range corresponding to the range gate is the spectral intensity value corresponding to the range gate.
FIG. 2 is a graph of equivalent atmospheric echo intensities for different range gates acquired from the data of FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The detection process of the coherent laser radar is that laser local oscillation signals and radar echo signals are subjected to spatial frequency mixing detection. The laser local oscillator signal is a narrow bandwidth signal with certain intensity led out by a laser seed source. The echo of the laser emission pulse in the atmosphere is received by the same optical device, then the echo and the local oscillator light are mixed together in space, and further the detector converts the optical signal into an electric signal.
Wherein, coherent laser radar system local oscillator signal is:
Figure BDA0002456963640000041
Aodin order to be the amplitude of the local oscillator light,
Figure BDA0002456963640000042
is the local oscillator optical phase, fodIs the local oscillator optical frequency; x and y are plane coordinate information of local oscillator light distribution, and t corresponds to time information; the above form is a representation of a complex number, where the real part represents the actual light wave intensity.
The received echo signal strength of the radar is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002456963640000043
Asdis a signalThe amplitude of the light is such that,
Figure BDA0002456963640000044
is the phase of the signal light, fsdIs the signal light frequency; x and y are plane coordinate information of echo distribution, and t corresponds to time information. The above form is a representation of a complex number, where the real part represents the actual light wave intensity.
Two paths of signals are mixed on a detector, and the light wave vector is as follows:
Figure BDA0002456963640000045
thus, the light intensity detected by the detector is:
Figure BDA0002456963640000046
Figure BDA0002456963640000051
Iod＝|uod|2
Isd＝|usd|2
In＝2Re[uod(x，y，t)*usd(x，y，t)]
wherein u isod(x，y，t)*usd(x, y, t) is a multiplication of two complex numbers, and Re represents an effective value in which the real part is taken as the actual intensity.
IodAnd IsdAll direct current signals are direct current signals, so that the direct current signals can be conveniently filtered; and heterodyne signal InComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002456963640000052
Δf＝fod-fsd(1.6)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002456963640000053
is a firstThe initial phase difference value,. DELTA.f is the Doppler shift information, and InThe peak intensity information of (1) includes IsdThe intensity signal can be used to invert the aerosol constants.
The output signal of the photoelectric detector is acquired by a high-speed analog digital acquisition card (AD acquisition card). The propagation speed of light is determined, so that a group of data in each range gate of the system is subjected to FFT change to obtain frequency spectrum intensity signals corresponding to different radial heights, as shown in FIG. 1. In the FFT spectrum data intensity, the corresponding intensity of the center frequency is the same as IodIsdIn direct proportion, the corresponding frequency value is Δ f.
The coherent laser radar only uses the difference value delta f of the frequency center frequency compared with the emission coherent center frequency to invert the wind speed; the intensity information of the corresponding frequency includes the signal I of the atmosphere echosdIntensity of local oscillator light Iod。
According to the analysis, the extracted different distance center frequency intensities are the product of the local oscillation optical signal intensity and the echo signal intensity. And the local oscillator light intensity is stable, so the changed spectrum intensity information corresponds to the echo signal detected by the common laser. Meanwhile, because the local oscillator has high light intensity and high signal-to-noise ratio of the corresponding spectrum intensity signal, the spectrum intensity data is utilized to carry out atmospheric detection, and compared with a common laser radar method, the system detection distance and accuracy have obvious advantages and sufficient reliability.
For spectrum intensity data obtained by the coherent laser radar, firstly, extracting a maximum spectrum intensity signal corresponding to a range gate, and acquiring signals of the same size of the laser radar equation after enough time accumulation and averaging.
If the obtained spectrum center intensity data is f (h), the correlation with the actual atmospheric parameters is as follows:
Figure BDA0002456963640000054
wherein A is the ratio of the spectral intensity data to the echo intensity conversionExample relation, constant, K is system constant, h is corresponding height βaer(h) And βmol(h) Respectively atmospheric molecular backscattering coefficient and aerosol backscattering coefficient αaer(ξ) and αmol(ξ) the extinction coefficients are atmospheric molecular extinction coefficient and aerosol extinction coefficient, ξ represents height value.
The acquired spectral intensity data can be inverted by referring to a general aerosol inversion method corresponding to a laser radar equation. Compared with the common aerosol laser radar, the spectral intensity data has larger signal-to-noise ratio and has obvious advantages in detection distance and precision.
For a backscattering coefficient of β (h) and an extinction coefficient of α (h), the following formula applies:
β(h)＝βaer(h)+βmol(h) (2.2)
α(h)＝αaer(h)+αmol(h) (2.3)
the spectral intensity signal is subjected to distance correction to obtain X (h),
Figure BDA0002456963640000061
taking logarithm to formula 2.4 yields:
Figure BDA0002456963640000062
differentiating equation 2.5:
Figure BDA0002456963640000063
in the characteristics of the atmospheric echo, a certain corresponding relation exists between a backscattering coefficient and an extinction coefficient, and the backscattering coefficient and the extinction coefficient are expressed by the following formula:
β(h)＝αk(h)/S1(2.7)
S1the extinction backscattering ratio is defined as k, which is related to the laser emission wavelength and aerosol ion characteristics, wherein k is more than or equal to 0.67 and less than or equal to 1, and is generally 1;
bringing the equation 2.7 to 2.6,
Figure BDA0002456963640000071
using the solution method of bernoulli's equation to solve α (h) in equation 2.8, the following two cases can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002456963640000072
Figure BDA0002456963640000073
expression 2.9 is a backward integration expression, α (h)f) As a boundary condition, and equation 2.10 is a forward integral equation, α (h)b) Is boundary condition α (h)f) And α (h)b) The calculation of (2) can be obtained by a slope method assuming that the atmosphere is uniform within a certain range.
When the height is more than or equal to hfThen, α is taken as the calculation result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient α (h)f(h)；
When the height is less than hbThen, α is taken as the calculation result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient α (h)b(h)；
And (4) combining the grating counting results to obtain complete atmosphere extinction coefficient profiles with different heights.

Claims (2)

1. An atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent laser radar spectrum intensity data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, converting a photoelectric detector sampling signal of a coherent laser radar to obtain spectral data corresponding to different heights;
step 2, carrying out intensity detection on the spectrum data with different heights to obtain maximum spectrum intensity data F (h) at different heights, wherein the maximum spectrum intensity data comprises atmospheric information, and h is the height;
and 3, equating the spectral intensity data to a laser radar equation, and simultaneously carrying out distance correction:
X(h)＝F(h)·h2＝AKβ(h)exp[-2∫0 hα(ξ)dξ]
wherein A is the proportional relation of the spectrum intensity data and the echo intensity conversion and is a fixed value, K is a system constant, h is the corresponding height, β (h) is the total backscattering coefficient of the atmosphere, α (ξ) is the total extinction coefficient of the atmosphere related to the height ξ;
and 4, replacing the total atmospheric backscattering coefficient with the total atmospheric extinction coefficient by using the corresponding relation between the atmospheric extinction coefficient and the atmospheric backscattering coefficient, wherein β (h) is αk(h)/S1，
S1Is an extinction backscattering ratio, k is related to the laser emission wavelength and the aerosol ion characteristic, k is more than or equal to 0.67 and less than or equal to 1,
carrying out logarithm and differential processing on the formula obtained in the step 3 to obtain a result:
Figure FDA0002456963630000011
Figure FDA0002456963630000012
wherein, the constant term of the formula in the step 3 is changed into an independent constant term by logarithm, and the constant is 0 when the differential calculation is carried out;
step 5, combining bernoulli equation solution, calculates the unknown function α (h) of step 4 formula, and α (h) can be divided into the following two expression formulas in combination with boundary conditions:
Figure FDA0002456963630000021
Figure FDA0002456963630000022
αf(h) for backward atmospheric extinction coefficient, i.e. height greater than hfResult of atmospheric extinction coefficient of time, α (h)f) Is its boundary condition;
αb(h) for forward atmospheric extinction coefficient, i.e. height less than hbResult of atmospheric extinction coefficient of time, α (h)b) Is its boundary condition;
hfand hbRespectively are height values corresponding to the boundary conditions;
when the height is more than or equal to hfThen, α is taken as the calculation result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient α (h)f(h)；
When the height is less than hbThen, α is taken as the calculation result of the atmospheric extinction coefficient α (h)b(h)。
2. The atmospheric aerosol analysis method based on coherent lidar spectral intensity data of claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the parameter k related to the lasing wavelength and the aerosol ion characteristics can be 1 without loss of generality.
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