CN111457409A - Synergistic denitration system and method for composite reducing agent of coal-fired boiler - Google Patents

Synergistic denitration system and method for composite reducing agent of coal-fired boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111457409A
CN111457409A CN202010387484.5A CN202010387484A CN111457409A CN 111457409 A CN111457409 A CN 111457409A CN 202010387484 A CN202010387484 A CN 202010387484A CN 111457409 A CN111457409 A CN 111457409A
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China
Prior art keywords
reducing agent
methane
amino
amino reducing
spray gun
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CN202010387484.5A
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陆续
张向宇
张波
向小凤
徐宏杰
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China Huaneng Group Co Ltd
Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Thermal Power Research Institute
China Huaneng Group Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010387484.5A priority Critical patent/CN111457409A/en
Publication of CN111457409A publication Critical patent/CN111457409A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/20—Non-catalytic reduction devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a coal-fired boiler composite reducing agent collaborative denitration system, which comprises a boiler, an amino reducing agent injection system and a methane injection system; the amino reducing agent spraying system comprises an amino reducing agent supply unit and an amino reducing agent spray gun; the methane injection system comprises a methane supply unit and a methane spray gun; the boiler is provided with a low-nitrogen burner in a main combustion area, and a SOFA air nozzle in a burnout area; the methane spray gun and the amino reducing agent spray gun are sequentially arranged between the low-nitrogen burner and the SOFA air nozzle. Based on the system, in the main combustion area of a boiler furnace, a methane spray gun is arranged below an amino reducing agent spray gun in the main combustion area, and the injected methane can generate CHi through pyrolysis+And H+The active free radical reacts with the amino reducing agent sprayed by the amino reducing agent spray gun to generate NH2 ‑And the denitration efficiency of the ammonia sprayed in the main combustion area is improved.

Description

Synergistic denitration system and method for composite reducing agent of coal-fired boiler
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thermal power plant flue gas denitration technology, in particular to a coal-fired boiler composite reducing agent cooperative denitration system and method.
Background
Nitrogen oxides are one of the major sources of atmospheric pollution in coal-fired power plants. Currently, nitrogen oxide emission reduction technologies commonly used in coal-fired power plants include low-nitrogen combustion technology, non-selective catalytic reduction technology (SNCR), and selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR). The combination or combination of different denitration technologies is an important development direction of the denitration technology, and the development direction is developed by innovating a denitration mechanism and researching and developing a multi-stage composite denitration technology.
The conventional SNCR technology is that amino reducing agent is sprayed into NO to reduce NO into N under the aerobic condition at the temperature of 850-1150 DEG C2And H2And O. Research shows that the SNCR technology can also be expanded to a high-temperature section, namely a high-temperature ammonia spraying denitration technology. The high-temperature ammonia spraying denitration technology is a method which is established on the basis of air classification and combines a plurality of denitration technologies, and an amino reducing agent is sprayed in a high-temperature and oxygen-deficient environment formed in a main combustion zone in a furnace, so that NOx in flue gas is reduced.
At present, a power station boiler generally adopts an air classification low-nitrogen combustion technology, a main combustion area is in a reducing atmosphere, and conditions are provided for application of an ammonia spraying and denitration technology in the main combustion area. Domestic researchers have proposed different methods for implementing and controlling the ammonia injection denitration technology in the main combustion area, for example, chinese patent CN201810917125.9 discloses a denitration system and method for power station boiler low-nitrogen burner cooperating with high-temperature ammonia injection. For another example, chinese patent CN201821111988.9 discloses a supercritical carbon dioxide cyclone furnace structure for reducing nitrogen oxides by spraying ammonia in a high-temperature reduction region, wherein ammonia nozzles are arranged below the overfire air nozzles of the main furnace of the cyclone furnace, and the ammonia nozzles are arranged in multiple layers and obliquely, so as to enhance the mixing effect of ammonia and flue gas, and further improve the denitration efficiency of the sprayed ammonia. However, the coal type adaptability of the method is poor, and when the coal type is low-volatile coal powder, the denitration efficiency of ammonia injection in the main combustion area is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a synergistic denitration system and method for a composite reducing agent of a coal-fired boiler, which are reasonable in design, simple, efficient, stable and feasible and can be suitable for different volatile coal types.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a coal-fired boiler composite reducing agent collaborative denitration system comprises a boiler, an amino reducing agent injection system and a methane injection system;
the amino reducing agent spraying system comprises an amino reducing agent supply unit and an amino reducing agent spray gun which are connected in sequence;
the methane injection system comprises a methane supply unit and a methane spray gun which are connected in sequence;
the boiler adopts air staged combustion, a low-nitrogen burner is arranged in a main combustion area of the boiler, and a SOFA air nozzle is arranged in a burnout area; an SCR flue gas denitration system is arranged in a tail flue of the boiler, and an outlet flue of the SCR flue gas denitration system is connected with an air preheater;
the methane spray gun and the amino reducing agent spray gun are sequentially arranged between the low-nitrogen burner and the SOFA air nozzle.
Preferably, the amino reducing agent supply unit comprises an amino reducing agent storage tank, a feeding pump, an amino reducing agent metering device and an amino reducing agent control valve which are connected in sequence, and the output end of the amino reducing agent control valve is connected with the input end of the amino reducing agent spray gun.
Furthermore, the amino reducing agent supply unit also comprises a first processor and an NO concentration detection concentration probe arranged at a boiler furnace outlet; the input end of the first processor is connected with the NO concentration detection concentration probe, the output end of the first processor is connected with the control end of the amino reducing agent control valve, and the first processor is used for controlling the opening of the amino reducing agent control valve according to the detected NO concentration and the set threshold of the ammonia-nitrogen ratio.
Preferably, the methane supply unit comprises a methane storage tank, an output valve, a methane metering device and a methane control valve which are connected in sequence, and the output end of the methane control valve is connected with the input end of the methane spray gun.
Further, the methane supply unit further comprises a second processor, an output end of the second processor is connected with a control end of the amino reducing agent control valve, and the second processor is used for controlling the opening degree of the methane control valve according to a threshold value of heat released by methane in the total fuel heat.
Preferably, the methane lance and the amino reducing agent lance are arranged in sequence adjacent to the low nitrogen burner.
Based on any one of the systems, in the main combustion area of the boiler furnace, a methane spray gun is arranged below an amino reducing agent spray gun in the main combustion area, and the injected methane can generate CHi through pyrolysis+And H+Active free radical, CHi+And H+The active free radical reacts with the amino reducing agent sprayed by the amino reducing agent spray gun to generate NH2 -And the denitration efficiency of the ammonia sprayed in the main combustion area is improved.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps,
step 1, converting the required ammonia amount according to the set threshold of the ammonia-nitrogen ratio by the NO concentration detected by an NO concentration detection probe arranged at a hearth outlet, and controlling the injection amount of an amino reducing agent in a main combustion zone by an amino reducing agent control valve; the metering device of the amino reducing agent measures and displays the sprayed amount of the amino reducing agent in real time;
step 2, converting the supply amount of methane according to a threshold value of the heat released by the methane in the total fuel heat, and controlling the methane injection amount of the main combustion area through a methane control valve; the methane metering device measures and displays the sprayed amount of methane gas in real time.
Further, in step 2, the threshold value for burning the high-volatility coal dust is smaller than the threshold value for burning the low-volatility coal dust.
Preferably, the amino reducing agent comprises at least one of liquid ammonia, urea, and ammonia water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention adopts an air classification combustion mode, and reduces the excess air coefficient of the main combustion area by using the low-nitrogen combustor and the SOFA air nozzle. And adding SOFA wind to make the main combustion area in a reducing atmosphere. And (2) spraying amino reducing agents (liquid ammonia, urea, ammonia water and the like) into the reduction zone of the main combustion zone, wherein the amino reducing agents (liquid ammonia, urea, ammonia water and the like) can perform reduction reaction with nitrogen oxides in the flue gas under a high-temperature reducing atmosphere, so that the concentration of the nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the hearth is reduced. The methane gas is sprayed above the low-nitrogen combustor, so that the oxygen concentration of the main combustion area is reduced, active free radicals such as CHi and H are generated at the same time, and the active free radicals such as CHi and H can react with the amino reducing agent to generate NH2And the denitration efficiency of the ammonia injection reaction in the main combustion area is improved, so that the concentration of nitrogen oxide at the outlet of the hearth is further reduced. The unreacted amino reducing agent injected in the main combustion zone is oxidized through the SOFA air nozzle, so that no ammonia escapes. Through laying above, the denitration pressure of the SCR at the tail part is reduced, and the problems that the SCR is blocked due to excessive ammonia spraying and the like of an air preheater are solved. The main combustion area after air classification is sprayed with methane and ammonia step by step, and then is matched with an SCR flue gas denitration technology, so that the emission concentration of nitrogen oxides can be reduced to 50mg/m3The following.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system for the synergistic denitration of a composite reducing agent for a coal-fired boiler according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-an amino reducing agent storage tank; 2-a feed pump; 3-an amino reducing agent metering device; a 4-amino reducing agent control valve; 5-a methane storage tank; 6-a methane metering device; 7-methane control valve; 8-low nitrogen burner; 9-a methane spray gun; a 10-NO concentration detection probe; 11-amino reducing agent spray gun; 12-SOFA wind nozzle; 13-a boiler; 14-SCR flue gas denitration system; 15-air preheater.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The invention discloses a coal-fired boiler composite reducing agent collaborative denitration system, which comprises a boiler 13, an amino reducing agent storage tank 1, a methane storage tank 5, an NO concentration detection probe 10 and an SCR flue gas denitration system 14, as shown in figure 1; the boiler 13 adopts an air staged combustion technology, the boiler 13 is provided with a low-nitrogen burner 8 in a main combustion area, and a SOFA air nozzle 12 is arranged in a burnout area. A methane spray gun 9 and an amino reducing agent spray gun 11 are sequentially arranged above the low-nitrogen combustor 8, an NO concentration detection concentration probe 10 is arranged at an outlet of a boiler furnace, and an SCR flue gas denitration system 14 is arranged at a tail flue of a boiler 13. The amino reducing agent comprises at least one of liquid ammonia, urea and ammonia water.
The methane storage tank 5 is connected with the input end of a methane spray gun 9 through an output valve, a methane metering device 6 and a methane control valve 7 in sequence; the methane control valve 7 is controlled by coal feeding amount and coal type, and the methane metering device 6 can measure and display and record the sprayed amount of methane in real time. When bituminous coal is combusted, the methane injection amount is converted according to a threshold value of the heat released by methane in the total fuel heat; when anthracite is combusted, the methane injection amount is converted according to the threshold value of the heat released by methane in the total fuel heat; the threshold value for bituminous coals is less than that for anthracite coals, which in the preferred embodiment is 2% and 4%, respectively.
The amino reducing agent storage tank 1 is connected with the input end of an amino reducing agent spray gun 11 through a feeding pump 2, an amino reducing agent metering device 3 and an amino reducing agent control valve 4 in sequence. The amino reducing agent control valve 4 is controlled by the concentration of NO at the outlet of the hearth, and the amino reducing agent metering device 3 can measure, display and record the spraying amount of the amino reducing agent in real time. The injection amount of the amino reducing agent is converted according to a set threshold value of the ammonia-nitrogen ratio, namely 2 in the preferred embodiment, according to the NO concentration signal detected by the NO concentration detection probe 10 before ammonia injection in the main combustion zone.
The invention relates to a synergistic denitration method of a composite reducing agent of a coal-fired boiler, which is based on the denitration system of the invention and comprises the following steps,
step 1, converting the required ammonia amount according to the ammonia-nitrogen ratio of 2 by the NO concentration detected by an NO concentration detection probe arranged at a hearth outlet, and controlling the injection amount of the amino reducing agent in a main combustion zone by an amino reducing agent metering device and an amino reducing agent control valve.
Step 2, arranging a methane spray gun below the amino reducing agent spray gun in the main combustion zone, and pyrolyzing the sprayed methane to generate CHi+、H+The active free radicals such as CHi and H can react with an amino reducing agent to generate NH2 -And the denitration efficiency of the ammonia sprayed in the main combustion area is improved. When high-volatile coal dust such as bituminous coal is combusted, the volatilization analysis in the coal dust combustion process is faster, and CHi generated in the main combustion zone+、H+When the active free radicals are more, the methane injection amount is converted according to the fact that the heat of the injected methane accounts for 2% of the total fuel heat. When the low-volatile coal powder such as anthracite is combusted, the coal pyrolysis speed is slow, the oxygen concentration in the main combustion area is high, and Chi is adopted+、H+Less free radicals are needed, more methane needs to be injected at the moment, and the injection amount of the methane is converted according to the fact that the injected methane accounts for 4% of the total fuel heat.
The method can effectively reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the coal powder hearths with different volatile components, reduce the denitration pressure of the SCR at the tail part, and prevent the problems of blockage of an air preheater and the like caused by excessive ammonia injection of the SCR. Has good economic benefit and environmental benefit.
The invention adopts an air classification combustion mode, is provided with a low-nitrogen combustor 8 and an SOFA air nozzle 12, and increases SOFA air by reducing the excess air coefficient of a main combustion area to ensure that the main combustion area is in a reducing atmosphere, an amino reducing agent spray gun 11 with water cooling is arranged above the low-nitrogen combustor 8, an amino reducing agent is sprayed into a hearth reducing area through the amino reducing agent spray gun 11, and the sprayed amino reducing agent can perform a reduction reaction with nitrogen oxides in smoke under the high-temperature environment of the main combustion area. A methane spray gun 9 is arranged below the amino reducing agent spray gun 11, the injected methane is pyrolyzed at high temperature to generate active free radicals such as CHi, H and the like, and the active free radicals can react with the amino reducing agent to generate NH capable of directly reacting with nitrogen oxide2And the denitration efficiency of the high-temperature ammonia injection in the main combustion zone is further improved.
For the coal with high volatile component such as bituminous coal, the volatile component is volatilized in the combustion process of the pulverized coalAnalyzing Chi generated in the main combustion zone and having relatively high speed+、H+When the active free radicals are more, the methane injection amount is converted according to the fact that the heat of the injected methane accounts for 2% of the total fuel heat. When the low-volatile coal powder such as anthracite is combusted, the coal pyrolysis speed is slow, the oxygen concentration in the main combustion area is high, and Chi is adopted+、H+Less free radicals are needed, more methane needs to be injected at the moment, and the injection amount of the methane is converted according to the fact that the injected methane accounts for 4% of the total fuel heat.
In addition, the burnout zone is provided with SOFA air nozzles 12, so that unreacted ammonia injected by the main combustion zone can be oxidized, and ammonia escape is avoided.
Through laying above, can effectively reduce furnace export nitrogen oxide concentration, and do not have ammonia escape, alleviate afterbody SCR denitration pressure, prevent SCR because of excessively spouting the air heater that ammonia caused and block up the scheduling problem. The air is matched with the main combustion area high-temperature ammonia spraying, methane spraying and the final SCR flue gas denitration system in a grading manner, so that the synergistic denitration of the composite reducing agent is realized, and the emission concentration of nitrogen oxides can be reduced to 50mg/m3The following.

Claims (10)

1. A coal-fired boiler composite reducing agent collaborative denitration system is characterized by comprising a boiler (13), an amino reducing agent injection system and a methane injection system;
the amino reducing agent spraying system comprises an amino reducing agent supply unit and an amino reducing agent spray gun (11) which are connected in sequence;
the methane injection system comprises a methane supply unit and a methane spray gun (9) which are connected in sequence;
the boiler (13) adopts air staged combustion, a low-nitrogen burner (8) is arranged in a main combustion area of the boiler (13), and a SOFA air nozzle (12) is arranged in a burnout area; an SCR flue gas denitration system (14) is arranged in a tail flue of the boiler (13), and an outlet flue of the SCR flue gas denitration system (14) is connected with an air preheater (15);
the methane spray gun (9) and the amino reducing agent spray gun (11) are sequentially arranged between the low-nitrogen burner (8) and the SOFA air nozzle (12).
2. The synergistic denitration system of a composite reducing agent for a coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein the amino reducing agent supply unit comprises an amino reducing agent storage tank (1), a feeding pump (2), an amino reducing agent metering device (3) and an amino reducing agent control valve (4) which are connected in sequence, and the output end of the amino reducing agent control valve (4) is connected with the input end of an amino reducing agent spray gun (11).
3. The synergistic denitration system of a composite reducing agent of a coal-fired boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the amino reducing agent supply unit further comprises a first processor and an NO concentration detection concentration probe (10) arranged at a boiler (13) hearth outlet; the input end of the first processor is connected with a NO concentration detection concentration probe (10), the output end of the first processor is connected with the control end of the amino reducing agent control valve (4), and the first processor is used for controlling the opening of the amino reducing agent control valve (4) according to the detected NO concentration and the set threshold of the ammonia-nitrogen ratio.
4. The system for the cooperative denitration of the composite reducing agent in the coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein the methane supply unit comprises a methane storage tank (5), an output valve, a methane metering device (6) and a methane control valve (7) which are connected in sequence, and the output end of the methane control valve (7) is connected with the input end of a methane spray gun (9).
5. The system for the cooperative denitration of the composite reducing agent in the coal-fired boiler according to claim 4, wherein the methane supply unit further comprises a second processor, an output end of the second processor is connected with a control end of the amino reducing agent control valve (4), and the second processor is used for controlling the opening degree of the methane control valve (7) according to a threshold value of the heat released by methane in the total fuel heat.
6. The synergistic denitration system of a composite reducing agent for a coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a methane spray gun (9) and an amino reducing agent spray gun (11) are arranged in sequence close to the low-nitrogen burner (8).
7. A coal-fired boiler composite reducing agent synergetic denitration method is characterized in that based on the system of any one of claims 1 to 6, a methane spray gun is arranged below an amino reducing agent spray gun in a main combustion zone of a boiler hearth, and the injected methane can generate CHi through pyrolysis+And H+Active free radical, CHi+And H+The active free radical reacts with the amino reducing agent sprayed by the amino reducing agent spray gun to generate NH2 -And the denitration efficiency of the ammonia sprayed in the main combustion area is improved.
8. The synergistic denitration method of a composite reducing agent for a coal-fired boiler according to claim 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps,
step 1, converting the required ammonia amount according to the set threshold of the ammonia-nitrogen ratio by the NO concentration detected by an NO concentration detection probe arranged at a hearth outlet, and controlling the injection amount of an amino reducing agent in a main combustion zone by an amino reducing agent control valve (4); the metering device (3) for the amino reducing agent measures and displays the sprayed amount of the amino reducing agent in real time;
step 2, converting the supply amount of methane according to a threshold value of the heat released by the methane in the total fuel heat, and controlling the methane injection amount of the main combustion area through a methane control valve (7); the methane metering device (6) measures and displays the sprayed amount of the methane gas in real time.
9. The synergistic denitration method of the composite reducing agent for the coal-fired boiler according to claim 8, wherein in the step 2, the threshold value for burning the high-volatile coal powder is smaller than the threshold value for burning the low-volatile coal powder.
10. The method for the synergistic denitration of the composite reducing agent for the coal-fired boiler according to claim 7, wherein the amino reducing agent comprises at least one of liquid ammonia, urea and ammonia water.
CN202010387484.5A 2020-05-09 2020-05-09 Synergistic denitration system and method for composite reducing agent of coal-fired boiler Pending CN111457409A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112628725A (en) * 2021-01-12 2021-04-09 哈尔滨工业大学 Radial grading low NOx pulverized coal combustion device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112628725A (en) * 2021-01-12 2021-04-09 哈尔滨工业大学 Radial grading low NOx pulverized coal combustion device
CN112628725B (en) * 2021-01-12 2021-11-12 哈尔滨工业大学 Radial grading low NOx pulverized coal combustion device

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