CN111455656A - 一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品及其制备方法,属于超疏水纺织品技术领域。本发明的超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,以棉纤维织物为基材,通过对纤维采用混合酸处理在纤维表面构筑微纳米粗糙结构;之后,利用异氰酸酯基团将低表面能的长链烷烃通过异氰酸酯和活性氢基团的反应活性共价接枝在棉纤维的表面,得到性质稳定的超疏水棉纤维织物,本发明的超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,制备步骤简单,反应条件温和。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于超疏水纺织品技术领域,尤其是一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品及其制备方法。
背景技术
超疏水表面主要为水滴在该表面形成大于150°的接触角且滚动角小于10°。超疏水表面由于自身优异的自清洁能力以及良好的疏水性具有很广阔的使用价值,进而被广泛地应用在油水分离、防冰、金属防腐等多个领域。
在纺织品上制备超疏水表面,可以提高纺织品的应用价值,提升纺织品的档次和附加值,具有超疏水表面的纺织品在工业、军用产品方面有着重要的应用,在日常生活中的同样应用十分广泛,如“防水服、雨伞、防水帐篷、广告布料等”。在不改变或者少改变织物原有的白度、强度的前提下,增加其使用价值,扩大在工业和日常生活中的应用,具有较大的实际意义。
目前,超疏水表面使用原料昂贵、制备工艺复杂,超疏水表面耐用性不佳,或者大量使用有机氟等低表面能物质来修饰超疏水表面,因而限制了其在工业生产中的广泛应用。氟类化合物普遍具有很高的稳定性,能够经受很强的热、光、氧、化学作用、微生物作用和高等脊椎生物的代谢作用而不降解,会随着食物链的传递而在生物机体内富集和放大至很高的浓度,对生物体具有很大的危害和潜在的致癌性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服本发明的目的在于克服现有的超疏水表面制备方法使用有机氟作原料的缺点,提供一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品及其制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现:
一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将棉纤维纺织品进行酸腐蚀,得到棉纤维表面具有微纳粗糙结构的棉纤维纺织品;
2)在步骤1)得到的表面具有纳米级粗糙度的棉纤维纺织品的羟基上接枝端异氰酸酯基团;
3)将具有活性氢的长链烷烃通过异氰酸酯和活性氢基团的反应共价接枝在纤维表面,得到超疏水棉纤维纺织品;
所述具有活性氢的长链烷烃为十六胺、十七胺、十八胺或十八酸。
进一步的,步骤1)中采用盐酸、磷酸和醋酸的混合酸溶液进行酸处理;
在混合酸溶液中,盐酸浓度为0.1~4mol/L,磷酸浓度为0.1~3mol/L,醋酸浓度为0.1~3mol/L。
进一步的,步骤1)中采用浸渍法或浸扎蒸汽法进行酸处理;
采用浸渍法进行酸处理的条件为:温度为60~100℃,时间为30~300min;
采用浸扎蒸汽法进行酸处理的条件为:温度为100~150℃,时间为1~120min。
进一步的,步骤2)的具体操作为:
将经酸处理后的棉纤维纺织品置于异氰酸酯基团的供体中,在25~100℃进行反应,反应时间为1~20h;
其中,异氰酸酯基团的供体为二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体。
进一步的,步骤4)的具体操作为:
将经步骤3)处理得到棉纤维纺织品置于具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液中,在20~120℃的温度下进行反应,反应时间为1~10h;
具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液的溶剂为乙醇、甲苯、乙醚、氯仿或四氯化碳。
进一步的,步骤1)中的棉纤维纺织品为棉纤维针织织物、棉纤维梭织织物或棉纤维非织造布。
一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品,根据本发明的制备方法制备得到。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,以棉纤维织物为基材,通过对纤维采用混合酸处理在纤维表面构筑微纳米粗糙结构;之后,利用异氰酸酯基团将低表面能的长链烷烃通过异氰酸酯和活性氢基团的反应活性共价接枝在棉纤维的表面,得到性质稳定的超疏水棉纤维织物,本发明的超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,制备步骤简单,反应条件温和。
本发明制备的超疏水棉纤维纺织品,表面为覆盖了长链烷烃类的低表面能物质,具有超疏水性,经耐磨测试50次、沸水水煮2h、家庭洗涤100次、有机溶剂浸泡24h、酸性溶液浸泡24h、碱性溶液浸泡24h后均能保持超疏水性质,能够应用于多种使用条件下。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1的超疏水棉纤维纺织品疏水性测试图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
本发明以棉纤维织物为基材,通过酸处理工艺使得在微米级棉纤维表面产生了纳米级的粗糙度;再利用异氰酸酯较高的反应活性将低表面能的物质通过共价键接枝到纤维表面,在棉纤维织物的微、纳粗糙结构上覆盖了低表面能物质,从而制造了具有持久超疏水性能的棉织物。本发明的制备方法,制备过程简单,条件温和。本发明的超疏水棉纤维织物经过检测,表面静态接触角大于150°,滚动角小于10°,经耐磨测试50次(45KPa压重,摩擦行程20cm,300目砂纸)、沸水水煮2h、家庭洗涤100次、有机溶剂浸泡24h、PH(1~14)的溶液中浸泡24h后均能保持超疏水状态。可满足多种使用条件下对超疏水织物的要求。
实施例1
一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
1)将棉纤维针织织物、棉纤维梭织织物或棉纤维非织造布置于混合酸溶液中,在温度为60℃下进行酸处理为300min;
在混合酸溶液中,盐酸浓度为0.1mol/L,磷酸浓度为3mol/L,醋酸浓度为0.1mol/L;
2)将经步骤1)处理得到的棉纤维纺织品置于二异氰酸酯中,在25℃进行反应,反应时间为20h;
3)将经步骤2)处理得到的棉纤维纺织品置于具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液中,在20℃的温度下进行反应,反应时间10h,得到超疏水棉纤维纺织品;
具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液为十六胺的乙醇溶液。
参见图1,图1为本发明的实施例1的超疏水棉纤维纺织品疏水性测视图图,经测试,静态接触角158°,动态接触角5°,具有超疏水性。
实施例2
一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
1)将棉纤维针织织物、棉纤维梭织织物或棉纤维非织造布置于混合酸溶液中,在温度为100℃下进行酸处理为30min;
在混合酸溶液中,盐酸浓度为4mol/L,磷酸浓度为0.1mol/L,醋酸浓度为3mol/L;
2)将步骤1)得到的棉纤维纺织品置于异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中,在100℃进行反应,反应时间为1h;
3)将步骤2)得到的棉纤维纺织品置于具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液中,在120℃的温度下进行反应,反应时间为1h,得到超疏水棉纤维纺织品;
具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液为十七胺的甲苯溶液。
实施例3
一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
1)将棉纤维针织织物、棉纤维梭织织物或棉纤维非织造布置于混合酸溶液中,在温度为80℃下进行酸处理为100min;
在混合酸溶液中,盐酸浓度为2mol/L,磷酸浓度为1mol/L,醋酸浓度为2mol/L;
2)将经步骤1)处理得到的棉纤维纺织品置于4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中,在60℃进行反应,反应时间为10h;
3)将步骤2)得到的棉纤维纺织品置于具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液中,在70℃的温度下进行反应,反应时间为6h,得到超疏水棉纤维纺织品;
具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液为十八胺的乙醚溶液。
实施例4
一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
1)将棉纤维针织织物、棉纤维梭织织物或棉纤维非织造布置于混合酸溶液中,在温度为70℃下进行酸处理为200min;
在混合酸溶液中,盐酸浓度为0.1mol/L,磷酸浓度为0.1mol/L,醋酸浓度为3mol/L;
2)将步骤1)得到的棉纤维纺织品置于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中,在30℃进行反应,反应时间为10h;
3)将步骤2)得到的棉纤维纺织品置于具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液中,在60℃的温度下进行反应,反应时间为6h,得到超疏水棉纤维纺织品;
具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液为十八酸的氯仿溶液。
实施例5
一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,制备步骤如下:
1)利用浸扎蒸汽法将棉纤维针织织物、棉纤维梭织织物或棉纤维非织造布进行酸处理,温度为100℃,时间为120min;
使用的混合酸溶液中,盐酸浓度为4mol/L,磷酸浓度为0.1mol/L,醋酸浓度为1mol/L;
2)将步骤1)得到的棉纤维纺织品置于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体中,在30℃进行反应,反应时间为15h;
3)将步骤2)得到的棉纤维纺织品置于具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液中,在100℃的温度下进行反应,反应时间为5h,得到超疏水棉纤维纺织品;
具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液为十六胺的四氯化碳溶液。
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想,在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动,均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将棉纤维纺织品进行酸腐蚀,得到棉纤维表面具有微纳粗糙结构的棉纤维纺织品;
2)在步骤1)得到的表面具有纳米级粗糙度的棉纤维纺织品的羟基上接枝端异氰酸酯基团;
3)将具有活性氢的长链烷烃通过异氰酸酯和活性氢基团的反应共价接枝在纤维表面,得到超疏水棉纤维纺织品;
所述具有活性氢的长链烷烃为十六胺、十七胺、十八胺或十八酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中采用盐酸、磷酸和醋酸的混合酸溶液进行酸处理;
在混合酸溶液中,盐酸浓度为0.1~4mol/L,磷酸浓度为0.1~3mol/L,醋酸浓度为0.1~3mol/L。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中采用浸渍法或浸扎蒸汽法进行酸处理;
采用浸渍法进行酸处理的条件为:温度为60~100℃,时间为30~300min;
采用浸扎蒸汽法进行酸处理的条件为:温度为100~150℃,时间为1~120min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)的具体操作为:
将经酸处理后的棉纤维纺织品置于异氰酸酯基团的供体中,在25~100℃进行反应,反应时间为1~20h;
其中,异氰酸酯基团的供体为二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)的具体操作为:
将经步骤3)处理得到棉纤维纺织品置于具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液中,在20~120℃的温度下进行反应,反应时间为1~10h;
具有活性氢的长链烷烃的溶液的溶剂为乙醇、甲苯、乙醚、氯仿或四氯化碳。
6.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水棉纤维纺织品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中的棉纤维纺织品为棉纤维针织织物、棉纤维梭织织物或棉纤维非织造布。
7.一种超疏水棉纤维纺织品,其特征在于,根据权利要求1-6所述的制备方法制备得到。
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