CN111451756A - Large-size bolt fastening device and fastening method - Google Patents
Large-size bolt fastening device and fastening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111451756A CN111451756A CN202010480155.5A CN202010480155A CN111451756A CN 111451756 A CN111451756 A CN 111451756A CN 202010480155 A CN202010480155 A CN 202010480155A CN 111451756 A CN111451756 A CN 111451756A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
- B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
- B23P19/067—Bolt tensioners
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-size bolt fastening device, which comprises a chuck, a force arm and a power unit, wherein the center of the chuck is provided with a hole matched with a nut for fastening a bolt; an even number of force arms are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the chuck, and through holes are formed at the outer ends of the force arms; the chuck is provided with a force arm lifting unit and a force arm pulling-down unit around, the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling-down unit are respectively positioned at two sides of the outer ends of the pair of horizontal force arms, and the outer ends of the force arms are connected to the power unit through flexible connectors which respectively penetrate through the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling-down unit. The invention also provides a large-specification bolt fastening method. The nut tightening device has the advantages that the power unit drives the force arm on the chuck to rotate to tighten the nut of the bolt, the structure is simple, the nut tightening device is suitable for narrow space operation and large-size bolt tightening, the labor intensity of personnel is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electromechanical equipment installation, and particularly relates to a large-size bolt fastening device and a large-size bolt fastening method, which are suitable for industrial engineering in various industries.
Background
Bolts are common mechanical parts in electromechanical devices. In electromechanical installation engineering, the fastening work of larger-sized bolts is also very common. In the past, we mainly adopt three methods for bolt fastening: the bolt heating device comprises a heating method, a torque wrench and a hydraulic stretcher, wherein the heating method needs to leave a heating hole on the design and manufacture of the bolt, and not only is long time consumed, but also the working efficiency is low when the bolt is heated on site; the torque wrench can be basically only used for fastening bolts below M80 due to the limitation of maximum torque; the hydraulic tensioner has a wide application range in terms of bolt specifications, but is difficult to use due to the large weight when the operation space is narrow and cannot be hoisted in place by a crane or no operation space exists at all.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to ensure the engineering progress and meet the design and operation requirements of equipment for fastening large-size bolts, the invention provides the large-size bolt fastening device and the large-size bolt fastening method, which can well complete engineering tasks, greatly reduce the labor intensity of operators and improve the operation efficiency to a great extent.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a large-size bolt fastening device comprises a chuck, a force arm and a power unit, wherein a hole matched with a nut for fastening a bolt is formed in the center of the chuck; an even number of force arms are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the chuck, and through holes are formed at the outer ends of the force arms; the chuck is provided with a force arm lifting unit and a force arm pulling-down unit around, the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling-down unit are respectively positioned at two sides of the outer ends of the pair of horizontal force arms, and the outer ends of the force arms are connected to the power unit through flexible connectors which respectively penetrate through the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling-down unit.
The device can be used for fastening the nut of the bolt by driving the force arm on the chuck to rotate by the power unit, has a simple structure, can be suitable for narrow space operation and large-size bolt fastening, reduces the labor intensity of personnel and improves the working efficiency.
Furthermore, the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling unit are respectively composed of a plurality of pulleys, and the force arm lifting unit comprises a force bearing fixed pulley I arranged above one force arm in a pair of force arms in a horizontal state, a steering fixed pulley I arranged below the force bearing fixed pulley I and a steering fixed pulley II positioned on the same horizontal line with the steering fixed pulley I; the force arm pull-down unit comprises a bearing fixed pulley II arranged below the other force arm and a diverting pulley III which is positioned on the same horizontal line with the bearing fixed pulley II.
Furthermore, the bearing fixed pulley I and the bearing fixed pulley II are respectively a single fixed pulley meeting the stress condition, or are composed of a fixed-pulley mixed wheel set and a movable pulley set meeting the stress condition.
Further, the power unit is a crane hook.
Further, the flexible connector is a steel wire rope.
The fastening method of the large-specification bolt fastening device is realized by the following steps:
step 1: according to specifications and design moments of bolts and nuts to be fastened, determining lifting force of a force arm lifting unit, pulling force of a force arm pulling-down unit, tensile strength of a flexible connector and size of a chuck, including length of the force arm, and determining whether power provided by a power unit meets fastening requirements of the bolts;
step 2: manufacturing a chuck with a force arm and a hole;
and step 3: sleeving a chuck on a nut, adjusting a pair of force arms on the chuck, wherein the force arms are positioned on the same diameter, to horizontal positions, arranging a force arm lifting unit, a force arm pulling unit and a flexible connector according to the positions of a power unit and the chuck, and connecting the outer ends of the force arms to the power unit through the flexible connector;
and 4, step 4: and starting the power unit, pulling the pair of force arms to ascend and descend so as to rotate the nut, switching the flexible connecting body to the next pair of force arms in the horizontal position when the rotation angle of the force arms is =360 DEG/number of the force arms, namely when the next pair of force arms are in the horizontal state, and continuing to drive the nut to rotate by ascending and descending the force arms until the bolt fastening requirement is met.
By adopting the method, the operation efficiency can be improved, the fastening requirement of the large-diameter bolt (the bolt above M80) can be met, and meanwhile, the operation can be carried out in a narrow space where the hydraulic stretcher cannot work, so that the labor intensity of operators is reduced.
Further, step 1 is carried out by:
step 11: determining the magnitude of fastening force according to the specification and grade of a bolt to be fastened, and obtaining the stress of a single force arm;
step 12: the specifications of the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling-down unit and the power unit capable of providing required power are determined, and the bolt fastening requirements can be met;
step 13: when the fixed pulleys in the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling-down unit or the power unit provides power which does not meet the bolt fastening requirement, the fixed pulleys in the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling-down unit are replaced by fixed pulley blocks with the same specification, and the stress points of the chuck are connected by movable pulley blocks with the same specification as the fixed pulley blocks.
Further, step 4 includes monitoring that the bolt-fastening force applied by the bolt-fastening device is kept within the design range according to the elongation value of the bolt-fastening design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a chuck; 2-moment arm; 3-a through hole; 4-a nut; 5-a steel wire rope; 6-bearing fixed pulley I; 7-diverting fixed pulley I; 8-diverting fixed pulley II; 9-bearing fixed pulley II; 10-diverting fixed pulley III; 11-a crown block hook; 12-force point a; 13-force point B.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Fig. 1 shows a large-size bolt fastening device, which comprises a chuck 1, a force arm 2, a crown block group, a crown block hook 8 and the like. The chuck 1 is provided at the center with a hole matching the nut 4 for a fastening bolt. Eight force arms 2 which divide the chuck 1 into eight parts are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the chuck 1, and the angle formed by the adjacent force arms is equal to 360 degrees/8, namely 45 degrees. The number of the force arms on the chuck 1 is even so as to meet the requirement of forming forces with equal magnitude and opposite directions, and the number of the force arms can be set to be six, ten or twelve besides eight, and can be determined according to actual conditions on site.
The outer end of each force arm is provided with a through hole 3 which is used for being connected with a steel wire rope 5. A pair of force arms 2 of the chuck 1 are in a horizontal state, a force bearing fixed pulley I6 is arranged above the left horizontal force arm and used for bearing the tension force on the force arms, a steering fixed pulley I7 and a steering fixed pulley II 8 which is on the same horizontal line with the steering fixed pulley I7 are arranged below the force bearing fixed pulley I6, and the force bearing fixed pulley I6, the steering fixed pulley I7 and the steering fixed pulley II 8 form a force arm lifting unit; a bearing fixed pulley I9 and a steering fixed pulley III 10 which is positioned on the same horizontal line with the bearing fixed pulley I9 are arranged below the right horizontal force arm, and the bearing fixed pulley I9 and the steering fixed pulley III 10 form a force arm pull-down unit. Two steel wire ropes 5 respectively pass through holes 3 (acting as a stress point A12 and a stress point B13 on the force arm) on the force arm 2, a force bearing fixed pulley and a steering fixed pulley, and the force arm 2 is connected to a crown block lifting hook 11 on the same side of the force arm pull-down unit. The crane hook 11 is used as a power unit to apply pulling force to the steel wire rope 5, so that power is provided for the rotation of the force arm 2, and the nut 4 for fastening the bolt is driven to tighten the large-size bolt.
When the power that the overhead traveling crane lifting hook 11 can provide or the bearing capacity of the fixed pulley is less than the power that the power arm needs to be drawn, need to reduce wire rope's atress, change the load fixed pulley into the fixed pulley block that satisfies the atress requirement that a plurality of specifications are the same constitutes, change the wire rope of stress point A and stress point B into the movable pulley block that is the same with the fixed pulley block specification and alleviate wire rope's atress and the power that overhead traveling crane lifting hook needs to provide.
The invention also provides a fastening method of the large-specification bolt fastening device, which is realized by the following steps.
Step 1, determining lifting force of a force arm lifting unit, pulling force of a force arm pulling-down unit, tensile strength of a flexible connector and size of a chuck according to specifications and design torque of a bolt and a nut to be fastened, wherein the length of the force arm is included (the length from a stress point to a center is always set to be L =1000 mm), and determining whether power provided by a power unit meets bolt fastening requirements or not so as to avoid overload.
Taking the M160 × 6, 5.6 grade bolt fastening as an example, the determining step includes:
and 11, converting the fastening force to 3860KN according to a formula to obtain the fastening torque T = K F0 d =0.1 d 3860000 d 160=61760Nm of the bolt, wherein K is the fastening torque coefficient and takes 0.1, F0 is the fastening force, and d is the diameter of the bolt, and the chuck 1 is simultaneously stressed by two moment arms 2, so that the stress F = T/L2 =61760/1 2=30880N =3.151T of a single moment arm.
Step 12: and determining that all the fixed pulleys are in a grade of 5t, and the rated lifting capacity of the overhead crane lifting hook 11 is more than 5t, so that the bolt fastening requirement can be met.
Step 13: when the fixed pulleys of the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling unit can not reach the required level or the power provided by the overhead travelling crane hook 11 is insufficient, for example, the fixed pulleys are in the level of 2.5t, a fixed pulley group consisting of 2 fixed pulleys in the level of 2.5t can be adopted to replace the force bearing fixed pulleys, meanwhile, the steel wire ropes at the force bearing point A and the force bearing point B on the force arm are respectively replaced by movable pulley groups with the same specification as the fixed pulley groups, the fixed pulley groups and the movable pulley groups are combined to reduce the tensile force required to be borne by a single pulley, and therefore, the low-level pulleys can also be fastened by bolts.
Step 2: a circular chuck 1 is manufactured on site by gas cutting of a steel plate with the thickness of 20-40 mm, eight uniformly distributed force arms 2 are welded on the outer circumference of the chuck 1, and a hexagonal hole with the diameter of 160mm is manufactured in the center of the chuck 1 and used for clamping a nut for fastening a bolt.
And step 3: sleeving a chuck 1 on a nut 4, arranging a force bearing fixed pulley I7 above left force arms of a pair of horizontal force arms according to the positions of the chuck 1 and a crown block lifting hook 11, arranging direction-steering fixed pulleys I and II on the same horizontal line below the force bearing fixed pulley I and the force bearing fixed pulley II below opposite right force arms, arranging a direction-steering fixed pulley III on the same horizontal line, and connecting the left force arm and the right force arm to the crown block lifting hook 11 through a steel wire rope 5 penetrating through the fixed pulleys; a pair of force arms 2 on the same diameter on the chuck 1 are adjusted to be in a horizontal position, a force arm lifting unit, a force arm pulling-down unit and a steel wire rope 5 are arranged according to the positions of the crown block lifting hook 11 and the chuck 1, and the outer ends of the force arms are connected to the crown block lifting hook 11 through the steel wire rope 5.
And 4, step 4: and starting the crane hook 11, pulling the pair of force arms to ascend and descend so as to rotate the nut, switching the steel wire rope 5 to the next pair of force arms in the horizontal position when the force arms rotate by 45 degrees, namely when the next pair of force arms are in the horizontal state, and continuing to drive the nut to rotate by ascending and descending the force arms until the bolt fastening requirement is met.
During the process of screwing the nut, according to the elongation value of the bolt fastening design, the bolt fastening force applied by the device is strictly and closely monitored to be kept within the design range by monitoring the elongated length of the bolt and measuring the internal stress of the bolt through ultrasonic inspection.
By adopting the method, the operation efficiency can be improved, the fastening requirement of the large-diameter bolt (the bolt above M80) can be met, and meanwhile, the operation can be carried out in a narrow space where the hydraulic stretcher cannot work, so that the labor intensity of operators is reduced.
The chuck is simple in structure, convenient to arrange, time-saving and labor-saving, enables the chuck to rotate stably and balance, and drives the nut to complete bolt fastening. The anchor bolt fastening device is widely applied to equipment connection and anchor bolt fastening with large specification and caliber and has a good effect.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a big specification bolt-up device, includes the chuck, its characterized in that: the chuck is characterized by also comprising a force arm and a power unit, wherein the center of the chuck is provided with a hole matched with a nut for fastening a bolt; an even number of force arms are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the chuck, and through holes are formed at the outer ends of the force arms; the chuck is provided with a force arm lifting unit and a force arm pulling-down unit around, the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling-down unit are respectively positioned at two sides of the outer ends of the pair of horizontal force arms, and the outer ends of the force arms are connected to the power unit through flexible connectors which respectively penetrate through the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling-down unit.
2. The large format bolt-fastening apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling unit are respectively composed of a plurality of pulleys, and the force arm lifting unit comprises a force bearing fixed pulley I arranged above one force arm in a pair of force arms in a horizontal state, a steering fixed pulley I arranged below the force bearing fixed pulley I and a steering fixed pulley II positioned on the same horizontal line with the steering fixed pulley I; the force arm pull-down unit comprises a bearing fixed pulley II arranged below the other force arm and a diverting pulley III which is positioned on the same horizontal line with the bearing fixed pulley II.
3. The large format bolt-fastening apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the bearing fixed pulley I and the bearing fixed pulley II are respectively a single fixed pulley meeting the stress condition, or are composed of a fixed pulley block and a movable pulley block meeting the stress condition.
4. The large format bolt-fastening apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the power unit is a crane hook.
5. The large format bolt-fastening apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the flexible connector is a steel wire rope.
6. A fastening method of a large-specification bolt-fastening apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the method is realized by the following steps:
step 1: according to specifications and design moments of bolts and nuts to be fastened, determining lifting force of a force arm lifting unit, pulling force of a force arm pulling-down unit, tensile strength of a flexible connector and size of a chuck, including length of the force arm, and determining whether power provided by a power unit meets fastening requirements of the bolts;
step 2: manufacturing a chuck with a force arm and a hole;
and step 3: sleeving a chuck on a nut, adjusting a pair of force arms on the chuck, wherein the force arms are positioned on the same diameter, to horizontal positions, arranging a force arm lifting unit, a force arm pulling unit and a flexible connector according to the positions of a power unit and the chuck, and connecting the outer ends of the force arms to the power unit through the flexible connector;
and 4, step 4: and starting the power unit, pulling the pair of force arms to ascend and descend so as to rotate the nut, switching the flexible connecting body to the next pair of force arms in the horizontal position when the rotation angle of the force arms is =360 DEG/number of the force arms, namely when the next pair of force arms are in the horizontal state, and continuing to drive the nut to rotate by ascending and descending the force arms until the bolt fastening requirement is met.
7. The fastening method according to claim 6, characterized in that: step 1 is specifically carried out by the following steps:
step 11: determining the magnitude of fastening force according to the specification and grade of a bolt to be fastened, and obtaining the stress of a single force arm;
step 12: the specifications of the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling-down unit and the power unit capable of providing required power are determined, and the bolt fastening requirements can be met;
step 13: when the fixed pulleys in the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling-down unit or the power unit provides power which does not meet the bolt fastening requirement, the fixed pulleys in the force arm lifting unit and the force arm pulling-down unit are replaced by fixed pulley blocks with the same specification, and the stress points of the chuck are connected by movable pulley blocks with the same specification as the fixed pulley blocks.
8. The fastening method according to claim 6, characterized in that: step 4 further comprises monitoring the bolt fastening force exerted by the bolt fastening device to be kept within the design range according to the elongation value of the bolt fastening design.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010480155.5A CN111451756A (en) | 2020-05-30 | 2020-05-30 | Large-size bolt fastening device and fastening method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010480155.5A CN111451756A (en) | 2020-05-30 | 2020-05-30 | Large-size bolt fastening device and fastening method |
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| CN111451756A true CN111451756A (en) | 2020-07-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010480155.5A Pending CN111451756A (en) | 2020-05-30 | 2020-05-30 | Large-size bolt fastening device and fastening method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114193384A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-03-18 | 徐州徐工矿业机械有限公司 | Large-scale mobile crushing station bolt torque-fixing device and using method |
| CN115464384A (en) * | 2022-10-30 | 2022-12-13 | 中国二十二冶集团有限公司 | Fastening method of large heating bolt |
-
2020
- 2020-05-30 CN CN202010480155.5A patent/CN111451756A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114193384A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-03-18 | 徐州徐工矿业机械有限公司 | Large-scale mobile crushing station bolt torque-fixing device and using method |
| CN114193384B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2024-04-30 | 徐州徐工矿业机械有限公司 | Large-scale mobile crushing station bolt fixed-torque device and use method thereof |
| CN115464384A (en) * | 2022-10-30 | 2022-12-13 | 中国二十二冶集团有限公司 | Fastening method of large heating bolt |
| CN115464384B (en) * | 2022-10-30 | 2023-11-07 | 中国二十二冶集团有限公司 | Fastening method of large heating bolt |
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