CN111451506A - 3D printing manufacturing process of metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade - Google Patents
3D printing manufacturing process of metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN111451506A CN111451506A CN202010458832.3A CN202010458832A CN111451506A CN 111451506 A CN111451506 A CN 111451506A CN 202010458832 A CN202010458832 A CN 202010458832A CN 111451506 A CN111451506 A CN 111451506A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/18—Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printing manufacturing process of a metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade. The production method comprises the steps of fully and uniformly mixing CBN grinding materials, metal ceramic bond powder and a special binder to form a flowing slurry material, banburying the slurry material in an internal mixer, granulating the slurry material in a granulator after banburying, drawing the granulated material in an extruder to obtain a wire-shaped printing material, printing the wire-shaped printing material in a 3D printer based on FDM forming technology, setting corresponding printing parameters, obtaining green bodies after printing and forming, degreasing and sintering the green bodies, and obtaining the metal ceramic bond CBN cutting and grinding tool finished product. The method adopts a process combining 3D printing and powder metallurgy, can meet the requirements of ultrathin property, high precision and the like of the CBN cutting sheet of the metal-ceramic bonding agent, is suitable for the requirements of individual production and batch production of products with extreme thinness, minimum size, extreme precision and the like, and is beneficial to reducing the production cost of the products and improving the quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly belongs to the field of machining, and discloses a method for preparing a metal ceramic binding agent ultrathin CBN cutting blade by utilizing a production process combining a 3D printing technology and a powder metallurgy method.
Background
The cutting blade is a general term for a thin-sheet-shaped circular cutter for cutting solid materials, and can be classified into a steel cutting blade, a cemented carbide cutting blade, a CBN cutting blade, and the like. Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) is a superhard material having a hardness second only to that of diamond. It not only has many of the excellent characteristics of diamond, but also has higher thermal stability and chemical inertness to iron group metals and their alloys. The traditional process can not solve the problem of manufacturing an ultrathin structure with low cost and high precision when preparing the CBN cutting slice, the thickness of the CBN cutting slice is closely related to the performance of the CBN cutting slice, and meanwhile, the CBN cutting slice is difficult to reform the base material of the cutting slice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of manufacturing the existing CBN ultrathin cutting disc: the process can realize low-cost and high-precision manufacturing of the metal ceramic bonding agent ultrathin CBN cutting blade by adopting a 3D printing technology, and meets the requirement of market batch production.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade which consists of a working layer raw material and a special bonding agent, wherein the mass ratio of the working layer raw material to the special bonding agent is 4: 1-5: 1; the working layer comprises raw materials of metal ceramic bond powder and CBN abrasive, wherein the volume fraction of the metal ceramic bond powder is 50-98%, and the volume fraction of the CBN abrasive is 2-50%.
The particle size of the metal ceramic bonding agent powder in the raw material of the working layer is 0.04mm or less.
The CBN abrasive material in the raw material of the working layer has the grain diameter of 0.02-1.0 mm.
The invention provides a production process of a metal ceramic-based ultrathin CBN cutting blade, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the metal ceramic bonding agent powder and CBN to obtain a working layer raw material, then placing the working layer raw material into a mixer, adding a special binder, stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain a slurry material with low fluidity;
s2: the slurry material is placed into an internal mixer to be internally mixed, then is sequentially granulated, extruded and drawn to obtain a silk thread material with the diameter of 1-2.5 mm, and is pulled and wound on a traction machine;
s3: establishing a 3D model of a metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting film in a computer, importing the model into slicing software for carrying out slicing setting, printing parameter setting, printing support setting and the like, and importing a final slicing file into an FDM plastic 3D printer;
s4: connecting the printing material with a feeding system of an FDM (fused deposition modeling) 3D printer, starting printing according to set printing parameters, namely printing thickness of each layer of the printing material is 0.1-1.0 mm, and the temperature of a nozzle is 100-240 ℃, and obtaining a metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting piece green blank after printing and forming;
s5: placing the green body in a degreasing furnace for degreasing, placing the green body in a sintering furnace after finishing, introducing sintering protective gas, and adopting step type temperature rise sintering, namely: heating from room temperature to 300-350 deg.c at a heating rate of 3.5 deg.c/min, and maintaining at 300-350 deg.c for 1-2 hr; heating from 300-350 ℃ to 750-800 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2.5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature at 750-800 ℃ for 1-2 hours; heating from 750-800 ℃ to 900-950 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 1.5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature at 900-950 ℃ for 1-2 hours; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting slice.
The special binder in the slurry formula accounts for 5-20% of the total mass, and the special binder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-80% of polyformaldehyde, 8-15% of polypropylene, 7-12% of zinc oxide, 3-8% of dibutyl phthalate and 2-5% of paraffin; wherein the mass sum of the polyformaldehyde, the polypropylene and the zinc oxide is 87-92% of the total mass of the binder.
In the sintering process, the sintering temperature in a sintering furnace with protective atmosphere is 700-1100 ℃.
The binder component comprises: the polyformaldehyde is used as a main component, so that the wire material can be ensured to have good flowing performance in an FDM printing system, and simultaneously has good solid phase wetting capacity, the main chain of the polyformaldehyde is of a carbon-oxygen alternative structure and has certain polarity, the forming of a sea-island structure is facilitated, the distribution uniformity of metal powder can be ensured, the agglomeration phenomenon is reduced, and the forming quality is ensured; the polypropylene has good chemical stability, the zinc oxide can reduce the damage of material thermal decomposition possibly brought by higher printing temperature, and both the zinc oxide and the zinc oxide play the role of a stabilizer in the formula; dibutyl phthalate mainly plays the effect of plasticization, can make the printing consumables have good pliability promptly, can effectively avoid the silk material to break at the printing in-process, more does benefit to the required silk material of FDM printing simultaneously and curls and collect.
The special adhesive for the 3D printing manufacturing process of the ultrathin metal-based diamond cutting blade is characterized in that polyformaldehyde is used as a main component, the mass ratio range of the polyformaldehyde can be optimized to 70% -75%, and the fluidity and the stability of materials are ensured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the special binder can effectively combine metal powder injection molding with FDM printing technology, and the flowability, stability, plasticizing capacity and other capacities provided by the components of the binder play corresponding key roles.
(2) The method combines a 3D printing technology and a powder metallurgy technology, and is applied to the preparation of the metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade; the 3D printing technology is used for physical structure modeling of the cutting piece, the material selection range of the cutting piece is expanded, and a plurality of new directions are provided for innovation of the cutting piece material.
(3) Compared with the traditional CBN cutting blade manufacturing process, the invention solves the problem that the traditional process can not manufacture the ultrathin cutting blade with low cost and high precision, the supply of the metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade in the current market is not sufficient, the cost of the metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade is higher due to the lag of the production process, the manufacturing cost of the invention is lower, the production efficiency is higher, and the process of combining the 3D printing technology and powder metallurgy determines that the process can meet the product requirements of low price and high quality in the market.
Detailed Description
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, there will now be described in detail the present disclosure with reference to specific embodiments thereof.
Example 1
The ultra-thin cutting disc of cermet anchoring agent CBN, the cutting disc external diameter is 60mm, and the hole diameter is 20mm, and thickness is 0.2 mm. The adhesive consists of two parts, namely a working layer raw material and a special adhesive, and the mass ratio of the working layer raw material to the special adhesive is 4: 1. The working layer comprises raw materials of metal ceramic bond powder and CBN abrasive, wherein the metal ceramic bond powder accounts for 90% of the volume fraction, and the particle size is 0.04 mm; the volume fraction of CBN is 10%, and the granularity is 0.125-0.150 mm (100/120 meshes). The special binder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of polyformaldehyde, 10% of polypropylene, 10% of zinc oxide, 8% of dibutyl phthalate and 2% of paraffin.
The embodiment provides a production process of a metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade, which comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing and mixing the metal ceramic binding agent powder and CBN according to a set volume fraction calculation ratio to obtain a working layer raw material, then placing the working layer raw material into a mixer, adding a special binder, stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain a slurry material with low fluidity;
s2: putting the slurry material into an internal mixer to carry out internal mixing, then carrying out granulation, extrusion and wire drawing on the slurry material in sequence to obtain a silk thread-shaped material with the diameter of 1.75mm, and finishing traction and winding on a traction machine;
s3: establishing a 3D model of a metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting film in a computer, importing the model into slicing software for carrying out slicing setting, printing parameter setting, printing support setting and the like, and importing a final slicing file into an FDM plastic 3D printer;
s4: connecting the printing material with a feeding system of an FDM molding 3D printer, setting the printing thickness of each layer to be 0.2mm according to the set printing parameters, printing one layer, and obtaining a green body of the metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting sheet after the printing forming is finished, wherein the nozzle temperature is 120 ℃;
s5: placing the green compact in a degreasing furnace for degreasing, removing most of special binder, placing the green compact in a sintering furnace after finishing, introducing sintering protective gas hydrogen, and adopting stepped temperature rise sintering, namely: the temperature rising rate is 3.5 ℃/min from room temperature to 300 ℃; keeping the temperature at 300 ℃ for 1 hour; heating from 300 ℃ to 750 ℃ at a heating rate of 2.5 ℃/min; keeping the temperature at 750 ℃ for 1 hour; heating from 750 deg.C to 900 deg.C at a heating rate of 1.5 deg.C/min; keeping the temperature at 950 ℃ for 1 hour; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting slice.
Example 2
A metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade is provided, the outer diameter of the cutting blade is 80mm, the diameter of an inner hole is 20mm, and the thickness is 0.6 mm. The adhesive consists of two parts, namely a working layer raw material and a special adhesive, and the mass ratio of the working layer raw material to the special adhesive is 5: 1. The working layer comprises raw materials of metal ceramic bond powder and CBN grinding materials, wherein the metal ceramic bond powder accounts for 80% of the volume fraction, the grain diameter is 0.04mm, the CBN accounts for 20% of the volume fraction, and the grain diameter is 0.150-0.180 mm (80/100 meshes). The special binder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75% of polyformaldehyde, 10% of polypropylene, 7% of zinc oxide, 5% of dibutyl phthalate and 3% of paraffin.
The embodiment provides a production process of a metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade, which comprises the following steps:
s1: calculating, weighing and mixing the metal ceramic binding agent powder and CBN according to the designed volume fraction ratio to obtain a working layer raw material, then placing the working layer raw material into a mixer, adding a special binder, stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain a slurry material with low fluidity;
s2: putting the slurry material into an internal mixer to carry out internal mixing, then carrying out granulation, extrusion and wire drawing on the slurry material in sequence to obtain a silk thread-shaped material with the diameter of 1.75mm, and finishing traction and winding on a traction machine;
s3: establishing a 3D model of a metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting film in a computer, importing the model into slicing software for carrying out slicing setting, printing parameter setting, printing support setting and the like, and importing a final slicing file into an FDM plastic 3D printer;
s4: connecting the printing material with a feeding system of an FDM molding 3D printer, printing according to set printing parameters, namely printing thickness of each layer to be 0.2mm, printing total thickness of three layers to be 0.6mm, and printing at the nozzle temperature of 150 ℃, and obtaining a metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting piece green compact after printing and forming;
s5: placing the green compact in a degreasing furnace for degreasing, removing most of special binder, placing the green compact in a sintering furnace after finishing, introducing sintering protective gas hydrogen, and adopting stepped temperature rise sintering, namely: the temperature is increased from room temperature to 325 ℃ at the rate of 3.5 ℃/min; keeping the temperature at 325 ℃ for 1 hour; heating from 350 ℃ to 775 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2.5 ℃/min; keeping the temperature at 775 ℃ for 1 hour; heating from 775 ℃ to 925 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 1.5 ℃/min; keeping the temperature at 925 ℃ for 1 hour; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting slice.
Example 3
A metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade is provided, the outer diameter of the cutting blade is 80mm, the diameter of an inner hole is 20mm, and the thickness is 0.6 mm. The adhesive consists of two parts, namely a working layer raw material and a special adhesive, and the mass ratio of the working layer raw material to the special adhesive is 5: 1. The working layer comprises raw materials of metal ceramic bond powder and CBN grinding materials, wherein the metal ceramic bond powder accounts for 80% of the volume fraction, the grain diameter is 0.04mm, the CBN accounts for 20% of the volume fraction, and the grain diameter is 0.150-0.180 mm (80/100 meshes). The special binder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80% of polyformaldehyde, 6% of polypropylene, 6% of zinc oxide, 5% of dibutyl phthalate and 3% of paraffin.
A production process of a metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade comprises the following steps:
s1: calculating, weighing and mixing the metal ceramic binding agent powder and CBN according to the designed volume fraction ratio to obtain a working layer raw material, then placing the working layer raw material into a mixer, adding a special binder, stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain a slurry material with low fluidity;
s2: putting the slurry material into an internal mixer to carry out internal mixing, then carrying out granulation, extrusion and wire drawing on the slurry material in sequence to obtain a silk thread-shaped material with the diameter of 1.75mm, and finishing traction and winding on a traction machine;
s3: establishing a 3D model of a metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting film in a computer, importing the model into slicing software for carrying out slicing setting, printing parameter setting, printing support setting and the like, and importing a final slicing file into an FDM plastic 3D printer;
s4: connecting the printing material with a feeding system of an FDM molding 3D printer, printing according to set printing parameters, namely printing thickness of each layer to be 0.2mm, printing total thickness of three layers to be 0.6mm, and printing at the nozzle temperature of 150 ℃, and obtaining a metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting piece green compact after printing and forming;
s5: placing the green compact in a degreasing furnace for degreasing, removing most of special binder, placing the green compact in a sintering furnace after finishing, introducing sintering protective gas hydrogen, and adopting stepped temperature rise sintering, namely: the temperature is increased from room temperature to 350 ℃ at the rate of 3.5 ℃/min; keeping the temperature at 350 ℃ for 1 hour; heating from 350 ℃ to 800 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2.5 ℃/min; keeping the temperature at 800 ℃ for 1 hour; heating from 800 ℃ to 950 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 1.5 ℃/min; keeping the temperature at 950 ℃ for 1 hour; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting slice.
Claims (6)
1. A3D printing manufacturing process of a metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting blade is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing materials: the metal ceramic binding agent ultrathin cutting blade consists of a working layer raw material and a special binding agent, wherein the mass ratio of the working layer raw material to the special binding agent is 4: 1-5: 1; wherein the raw materials of the working layer comprise metal ceramic bond powder and CBN abrasive, the volume fraction of the metal ceramic bond powder is 50-98%, and the volume fraction of the CBN abrasive is 2-50%;
s2: mixing the metal ceramic bond powder of S1 and the CBN abrasive to obtain a working layer raw material, then placing the working layer raw material into a mixer, adding a special binder, stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain a slurry material with fluidity;
s3: the slurry material is placed into an internal mixer for internal mixing, then granulation and extrusion wire drawing are sequentially carried out to obtain a silk thread material with the diameter of 1-2.5 mm, and traction and winding are completed on a traction machine;
s4: establishing a 3D model of a metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting film in a computer, importing the model into slicing software for carrying out slicing setting, printing parameter setting and printing support setting, and importing a final slicing file into an FDM plastic 3D printer;
s5: connecting the printing material with a feeding system of an FDM (fused deposition modeling) 3D printer, starting printing according to set printing parameters, namely printing thickness of each layer of the printing material is 0.1-1.0 mm, and the temperature of a nozzle is 100-240 ℃, and obtaining a metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting piece green blank after printing and forming;
s6: and placing the green body in a degreasing furnace for degreasing, then placing the green body in a sintering furnace for sintering, and cooling the green body along with the furnace after sintering to obtain the metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting slice.
2. The 3D printing manufacturing process of the metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting disc as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the grain diameter of the metal ceramic bond powder in the working layer is 0.04mm or less.
3. The 3D printing manufacturing process of the metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting disc as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the CBN particle size in the working layer is 0.02-1.0 mm.
4. The special adhesive for the 3D printing manufacturing process of the metal-ceramic bond CBN ultrathin cutting disc of claim 1 is characterized in that: the special binder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-80% of polyformaldehyde, 8-15% of polypropylene, 7-12% of zinc oxide, 3-8% of dibutyl phthalate and 2-5% of paraffin.
5. The special adhesive for the 3D printing and manufacturing process of the metal-ceramic bond CBN ultrathin cutting disc as claimed in claim 4, wherein the special adhesive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the mass ratio of the polyformaldehyde is 70-75%; the sum of the mass of the polyformaldehyde, the polypropylene and the zinc oxide is 87-92% of the total mass of the binder.
6. The 3D printing manufacturing process of the metal ceramic bonding agent CBN ultrathin cutting disc as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: when sintering in a sintering furnace with protective atmosphere, the step-type temperature rise and preservation is adopted, namely: heating from room temperature to 300-350 deg.c at a heating rate of 3.5 deg.c/min, and maintaining at 300-350 deg.c for 1-2 hr; heating from 300-350 ℃ to 750-800 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2.5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature at 750-800 ℃ for 1-2 hours; heating from 750-800 ℃ to 900-950 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 1.5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature at 900-950 ℃ for 1-2 hours; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the metal ceramic binding agent CBN ultrathin cutting slice.
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| CN112453423A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-09 | 中南大学 | Impregnated diamond cutting ring for concrete delivery pump and preparation method thereof |
| CN115213413A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-10-21 | 河南四方达超硬材料股份有限公司 | Composite superhard part and production process thereof |
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