CN111447535A - Gradient-adjustable acoustic impedance matching layer - Google Patents
Gradient-adjustable acoustic impedance matching layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111447535A CN111447535A CN202010200251.XA CN202010200251A CN111447535A CN 111447535 A CN111447535 A CN 111447535A CN 202010200251 A CN202010200251 A CN 202010200251A CN 111447535 A CN111447535 A CN 111447535A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic transducers and acoustic detection, and particularly relates to an acoustic impedance matching layer with adjustable gradient, wherein the acoustic impedance matching layer (2) comprises: the material comprises a first material to be matched (1), a piezoelectric ceramic layer (2) and a second material layer to be matched (3); the piezoelectric ceramic layer (2) is arranged between a first material (1) to be matched and a second material (3) to be matched, and the piezoelectric ceramic layer (2) comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic pieces (5) which are connected in series and corresponding external shunt circuits (4); each piezoelectric ceramic piece (5) is independently connected with an external shunt circuit (4), and the acoustic impedance of each piezoelectric ceramic piece (5) is adjusted by regulating and controlling the external shunt circuit (4), so that the acoustic impedance matching layer is in gradient gradual distribution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic transducers and acoustic detection, and particularly relates to an adjustable gradient acoustic impedance matching layer.
Background
In ultrasonic detection and biomedical ultrasonic engineering, a large amount of acoustic energy loss is caused between a piezoelectric layer with high acoustic impedance and a working medium with low acoustic impedance due to impedance mismatch, and the detection precision is seriously influenced.
At present, the method of adding a matching layer in an impedance mismatch medium is mostly adopted to improve the acoustic energy transmittance. The existing acoustic impedance matching layer has a single layer and a plurality of layers; the filling of low-density particles also adopts a complex artificial periodic structure. However, once the acoustic impedance matching layer is manufactured, the impedance characteristics of the acoustic impedance matching layer are fixed and unchangeable, and the acoustic impedance matching layer can only be suitable for specific working conditions and cannot meet different working conditions and environments, so that the problems of cost increase, complex manufacturing of the matching layer and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides an acoustic impedance matching layer with adjustable gradient, wherein an external circuit is adopted to adjust and control the equivalent acoustic impedance gradient of piezoelectric ceramic in the matching layer, the acoustic impedance matching layer is adjustable, and the impedance gradient of the matching layer can be adjusted and controlled in real time by changing the working condition of the external circuit; the matching layer is suitable for various working media to be matched, the acoustic energy transmittance can be obviously improved in a wide frequency range, the acoustic detection accuracy is improved, the used material PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramic is convenient and easy to obtain, and the external shunt circuit is simple and convenient to adjust.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a gradient-tunable acoustic impedance matching layer, including: the material comprises a first material to be matched, a piezoelectric ceramic layer and a second material layer to be matched; the piezoelectric ceramic layer is arranged between a first material to be matched and a second material to be matched, and comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic pieces which are connected in series and corresponding external shunt circuits;
each piezoelectric ceramic piece is independently connected with an external shunt circuit, and the acoustic impedance of each piezoelectric ceramic piece is adjusted by regulating and controlling the external shunt circuit, and the acoustic impedance value is distributed in a gradient and gradual change mode.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets are connected in series in a stacked manner, and are polarized in an axial direction, and both ends of each piezoelectric ceramic sheet are covered with thin electrodes.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the external shunt circuit includes: a capacitor, a resistor, a variable resistor, a single-pole double-throw switch, a variable capacitor and an operational amplifier;
the positive input end of the operational amplifier is respectively connected with a resistor and a variable resistor, wherein the variable resistor is connected in parallel with the positive input end of the operational amplifier and the output end of the operational amplifier; the resistor and the variable capacitor are connected in series and then connected in parallel at the positive input end and the negative input end of the operational amplifier, one end of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected between the resistor and the variable capacitor, and the other end of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected at the negative input end of the operational amplifier; the capacitor is connected in parallel with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier and the output end of the operational amplifier;
when the first pin of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected with the variable capacitor, the external shunt circuit is equivalent to a positive equivalent capacitor;
when the second pin of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected with the operational amplifier to form a feedback circuit, the external shunt circuit is equivalent to a negative equivalent capacitor; the input end and the output end of the negative feedback of the feedback circuit are connected with a capacitor in parallel, and the input end and the output end of the positive feedback of the feedback circuit are connected with a variable resistor in parallel and then connected with a resistor in series; the negative feedback power supply end provides negative feedback voltage, and the positive feedback power supply end provides positive feedback voltage.
As one improvement of the above technical solution, when the first pin of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected to a variable capacitor, the external shunt circuit is equivalent to a positive equivalent capacitor; positive equivalent acoustic impedance of piezoelectric ceramic sheet
Comprises the following steps:
wherein rho is the density of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet; v is the longitudinal wave velocity of the piezoelectric ceramic plate,
is an axial elastic compliance coefficient; g33Is the axial piezoelectric voltage coefficient;
is the axial dielectric isolation ratio; c0Clamping a capacitor for the piezoelectric ceramic piece; ceff' is the positive equivalent capacitance:
Ceff'＝C'
wherein C' is a capacitance value of the variable capacitor.
As one improvement of the above technical solution, when the second pin of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected to an operational amplifier, the external shunt circuit is equivalent to a negative equivalent capacitor; the negative equivalent acoustic impedance Z of the piezoelectric ceramic pieceeffComprises the following steps:
wherein rho is the density of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet; v is the longitudinal wave velocity of the piezoelectric ceramic plate,
is an axial elastic compliance coefficient; g33Is the axial piezoelectric voltage coefficient;
is the axial dielectric isolation ratio; c0Clamping a capacitor for the piezoelectric ceramic piece; ceffNegative equivalent capacitance:
wherein R is1Is the resistance value of the resistor; r2Is the resistance value of the variable resistor; and C is the capacitance value of the capacitor.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the first material to be matched and the second material to be matched are any two base materials with mismatched acoustic impedances, and the acoustic impedances of the two base materials are different.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the first material to be matched is a stainless steel cylinder; the second material to be matched is an organic glass cylinder.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the piezoelectric ceramic piece is a circular piezoelectric ceramic piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the acoustic impedance gradient of the acoustic impedance matching layer can be regulated in real time, is suitable for various materials to be matched with impedance mismatch, has good transmission efficiency of acoustic energy within a broadband range of 30-50kHz, and can enhance the flexibility and the practicability of the acoustic impedance matching layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustable gradient acoustic impedance matching layer of the present invention installed between a first material to be matched and a second material to be matched;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a corresponding relationship between an equivalent capacitance and an equivalent impedance in an external shunt circuit in an acoustic impedance matching layer with an adjustable gradient according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit structure diagram of an external shunt circuit of the gradient-tunable acoustic impedance matching layer according to the present invention, where the left side is a positive capacitor circuit and the right side is an equivalent negative capacitor circuit.
Reference numerals:
1. a first material 2 to be matched, and an acoustic impedance matching layer
3. Second material 4 to be matched and external shunt circuit
5. Piezoelectric ceramic piece 6 and first pin
7 second pin
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides an acoustic impedance matching layer with adjustable gradient, the gradient of the acoustic impedance matching layer is accurately adjustable, the transmissivity of acoustic energy can be improved, and the flexibility and the practicability of the acoustic impedance matching layer are enhanced.
As shown in fig. 1, the acoustic impedance matching layer 2 includes: the material comprises a first material to be matched 1, a piezoelectric ceramic layer 2 and a second material to be matched 3; the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2 comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic pieces 5 connected in series and corresponding external shunt circuits 4;
the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2 is arranged between a first material to be matched 1 and a second material to be matched 3, each piezoelectric ceramic piece 5 is independently connected with an external shunt circuit 4, and the acoustic impedance of each piezoelectric ceramic piece 5 is adjusted by regulating and controlling the external shunt circuit 4, so that the acoustic impedance matching layer is in gradient gradual distribution.
The piezoelectric ceramic pieces are connected in series in a laminated manner and are polarized along the axial direction, and thin electrodes cover two ends of each piezoelectric ceramic piece.
The piezoelectric ceramic piece is made of PZT-4 type piezoelectric ceramic materials. The shape of the piezoelectric ceramic piece can be set according to the shapes of the first material to be matched 1 and the second material to be matched 3 so as to be better butted with the first material to be matched 1 and the second material to be matched 3.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, 8 pieces of piezoceramic wafers are made of PZT-4 type circular piezoceramic material, and the thickness of the piezoceramic wafers is 3mm, and the diameter of the piezoceramic wafers is 15 mm. Wherein, C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8And the external shunt circuits are respectively independently connected with the corresponding piezoelectric ceramic pieces.
As shown in fig. 3, the external shunt circuit includes: capacitor C and resistor R1Variable resistor R2Single-pole double-throw switch S1Variable capacitor C' and operational amplifier U1；
Operational amplifier U1The positive input ends of the resistors are respectively connected with a resistor R1And a variable resistor R2Wherein the variable resistor R2Connected in parallel to an operational amplifier U1And its output; resistance R1Is connected in series with a variable capacitor C' and then connected in parallel with an operational amplifier U1Forward input and reverse input ofInput terminal, single-pole double-throw switch S1Is connected to the resistor R1And a variable capacitor C' connected to the operational amplifier U at the other end thereof1The inverting input terminal of (1); a capacitor C connected in parallel with the operational amplifier U1And its output;
single-pole double-throw switch S1The first pin 6 of the capacitor is connected with a variable capacitor C', and an external shunt circuit is equivalent to a positive equivalent capacitor;
wherein, the equivalent acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric ceramic piece independently connected with the external shunt circuit is regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the positive equivalent capacitance, so that the positive equivalent acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric ceramic piece 5
Comprises the following steps:
wherein rho is the density of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet; v is the longitudinal wave velocity of the piezoelectric ceramic plate,
is an axial elastic compliance coefficient; g33Is the axial piezoelectric voltage coefficient;
is the axial dielectric isolation ratio; c0Clamping a capacitor for the piezoelectric ceramic piece; ceff' is the positive equivalent capacitance:
Ceff'＝C'
wherein C' is a capacitance value of the variable capacitor.
Single-pole double-throw switch S1 Second pin 7 of is connected to an operational amplifier U1A feedback circuit is formed, and an external shunt circuit is equivalent to a negative equivalent capacitor; wherein the input end and the output end of the negative feedback of the feedback circuit are connected with a capacitor C in parallel, and the input end and the output end of the positive feedback of the feedback circuit are connected with a variable resistor in parallelR2And then serially connected with a resistor R1(ii) a The negative feedback supply terminal provides a negative feedback voltage V1The positive feedback supply terminal provides a positive feedback voltage V2Obtaining a negative equivalent capacitance; at the moment, the external shunt circuit is equivalent to a negative equivalent capacitor; v1＝V2＝7.5V；
By adjusting the variable resistor R2Further, the negative equivalent capacitance is adjusted, and the negative equivalent acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric ceramic plate independently connected with the external shunt circuit is adjusted;
the negative equivalent acoustic impedance Z of the piezoelectric ceramic piece (5)effComprises the following steps:
wherein rho is the density of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet; v is the longitudinal wave velocity of the piezoelectric ceramic plate,
is an axial elastic compliance coefficient; g33Is the axial piezoelectric voltage coefficient;
is the axial dielectric isolation ratio; c0Clamping a capacitor for the piezoelectric ceramic piece; ceffNegative equivalent capacitance:
wherein R is1Is the resistance value of the resistor; r2Is the resistance value of the variable resistor; and C is the capacitance value of the capacitor.
In the present embodiment, the capacitance C is 1 nF; r1Is 10k omega, the variable resistor R2The maximum resistance value of (a) is 50k Ω; the operational amplifier is of the type OPA445AP and supplies a DC operating voltage source V1、V2Is 7.5V, the negative equivalent capacitance CeffIs-5 nF-0.
By adjusting the variable resistor R in real time2The negative equivalent capacitance is adjusted in real time by accessing the resistance value, and then the gradient distribution of the acoustic impedance matching layer is adjusted in real time; the acoustic energy transmittance of the device can be remarkably improved in a wide frequency range only by adjusting to a proper impedance gradient distribution.
Fig. 2 shows the influence of external capacitance change on the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric ceramic plate, and the horizontal axis of fig. 2 represents the size of an external equivalent capacitor, which includes: positive equivalent capacitance Ceff' and negative equivalent capacitance CeffThe unit is nF; the vertical axis represents the equivalent acoustic impedance of the corresponding piezoceramic wafer in MRayl. It can be seen from fig. 2 that in the process of increasing the external equivalent capacitance from-5 nF to 0 (negative equivalent capacitance) and from 0 to 5nF (positive equivalent capacitance), the equivalent acoustic impedance of the corresponding piezoelectric ceramic plate is in the range of 5-50 MRayl.
Wherein, the external negative equivalent capacitance is near-0.77 nF to generate resonance, and the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric ceramic plate is changed violently. In this embodiment, the positive equivalent capacitance C is adjustedeff' and negative equivalent capacitance CeffAnd the acoustic impedance of the acoustic impedance matching layer is ensured to be in gradient distribution within the range of 37.9MRay1-2.28MRay1 from one end to the other end.
The first material to be matched 1 and the second material to be matched 3 are two base materials with mismatched acoustic impedances, and the difference between the acoustic impedances is large.
In this embodiment, the first material to be matched 1 is a stainless steel cylinder, and the second material to be matched 3 has a cylinder length of 40cm and a diameter of 15 mm; the second material 3 to be matched is an organic glass cylinder, and the cylinder of the first material 1 to be matched is 40cm long and 15mm in diameter. The acoustic impedance of the stainless steel cylinder is 37.9MRay1, and the acoustic impedance of the plexiglass cylinder is 2.28MRay 1; due to the severe acoustic impedance mismatch, acoustic energy propagates from the stainless steel cylinder to the plexiglass cylinder, causing severe acoustic energy loss. The acoustic impedance matching layer is added to improve the acoustic energy transmittance;
in order to better illustrate the improvement of transmittance, according to the above embodiment, the following data comparison is made:
when the first material to be matched 1 is a stainless steel cylinder and the second material to be matched 3 is an organic glass cylinder, the transmissivity is equal to the ratio of the sound energy transmitted to the organic glass cylinder to the sound energy incident in the stainless steel cylinder;
when the first material to be matched 1 and the second material to be matched 3 are directly connected, the transmissivity of 30-50kHz is equal to 0.21;
when only the piezoelectric ceramic piece is arranged between the first material to be matched 1 and the second material to be matched 3, the transmissivity of 30-50kHz is in the range of 0.31-0.38;
when the piezoelectric ceramic layer 2 is arranged between the first material to be matched 1 and the second material to be matched 3, the transmissivity of 30-50kHz is in the range of 0.75-0.91;
therefore, the transmissivity of the piezoelectric ceramic layer with the external shunt circuit is 2.4-4.3 times that of the piezoelectric ceramic plate only and the piezoelectric ceramic plate without the intermediate matching layer, and the transmissivity is obviously improved.
In this embodiment, 8 piezoelectric ceramic plates are used between the first material to be matched 1 and the second material to be matched 3, and the specific equivalent acoustic impedance distribution and external equivalent capacitance of the piezoelectric ceramic plates are the same, wherein the equivalent acoustic impedance includes positive equivalent acoustic impedance
And negative equivalent acoustic impedance Zeff(ii) a The equivalent capacitance includes: positive equivalent capacitance Ceff' and negative equivalent capacitance Ceff(ii) a As shown in the table:
finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A tunable gradient acoustic impedance matching layer, characterized in that the acoustic impedance matching layer (2) comprises: the material comprises a first material to be matched (1), a piezoelectric ceramic layer (2) and a second material layer to be matched (3); the piezoelectric ceramic layer (2) is arranged between a first material to be matched (1) and a second material to be matched (3), and the piezoelectric ceramic layer (2) comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic pieces (5) which are connected in series and corresponding external shunt circuits (4);
each piezoelectric ceramic piece (5) is independently connected with an external shunt circuit (4), and the acoustic impedance value of each piezoelectric ceramic piece (5) is distributed in a gradient and gradual change mode by regulating and controlling the external shunt circuit (4).
2. The tunable gradient acoustic impedance matching layer according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets (5) are connected in series in a laminated manner and are polarized in the axial direction, and both ends of each piezoelectric ceramic sheet (5) are covered with thin electrodes.
3. The tunable gradient acoustic impedance matching layer of claim 1, wherein the external shunt circuit comprises: a capacitor, a resistor, a variable resistor, a single-pole double-throw switch, a variable capacitor and an operational amplifier;
the positive input end of the operational amplifier is respectively connected with a resistor and a variable resistor, wherein the variable resistor is connected in parallel with the positive input end of the operational amplifier and the output end of the operational amplifier; the resistor and the variable capacitor are connected in series and then connected in parallel at the positive input end and the negative input end of the operational amplifier, one end of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected between the resistor and the variable capacitor, and the other end of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected at the negative input end of the operational amplifier; the capacitor is connected in parallel with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier and the output end of the operational amplifier;
when a first pin (6) of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected with a variable capacitor, an external shunt circuit is equivalent to a positive equivalent capacitor;
when a second pin (7) of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected with an operational amplifier to form a feedback circuit, the external shunt circuit is equivalent to a negative equivalent capacitor; the input end and the output end of the negative feedback of the feedback circuit are connected with a capacitor in parallel, and the input end and the output end of the positive feedback of the feedback circuit are connected with a variable resistor in parallel and then connected with a resistor in series; the negative feedback power supply end provides negative feedback voltage, and the positive feedback power supply end provides positive feedback voltage.
4. The tunable gradient acoustic impedance matching layer of claim 3, wherein when the first pin (6) of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected with a variable capacitor, an external shunt circuit is equivalent to a positive equivalent capacitor; positive equivalent acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (5)
Comprises the following steps:
wherein rho is the density of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet; v is the longitudinal wave velocity of the piezoelectric ceramic plate,
is an axial elastic compliance coefficient; g33Is the axial piezoelectric voltage coefficient;
is the axial dielectric isolation ratio; c0Clamping a capacitor for the piezoelectric ceramic piece; ceff' is the positive equivalent capacitance:
Ceff'＝C'
wherein C' is a capacitance value of the variable capacitor.
5. The tunable gradient acoustic impedance matching layer of claim 3, wherein when the second pin (7) of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected to an operational amplifier, the external shunt circuit is equivalent to a negative equivalent capacitor; the negative equivalent acoustic resistance of the piezoelectric ceramic piece (5)anti-ZeffComprises the following steps:
wherein rho is the density of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet; v is the longitudinal wave velocity of the piezoelectric ceramic plate,
is an axial elastic compliance coefficient; g33Is the axial piezoelectric voltage coefficient;
is the axial dielectric isolation ratio; c0Clamping a capacitor for the piezoelectric ceramic piece; ceffNegative equivalent capacitance:
wherein R is1Is the resistance value of the resistor; r2Is the resistance value of the variable resistor; and C is the capacitance value of the capacitor.
6. The tunable gradient acoustic impedance matching layer according to claim 1, wherein the first material to be matched (1) and the second material to be matched (3) are any two base materials with mismatched acoustic impedances, and the acoustic impedances of the two base materials are different.
7. The tunable gradient acoustic impedance matching layer according to claim 1, wherein the first material to be matched (1) is a stainless steel cylinder; the second material (3) to be matched is an organic glass cylinder.
8. The tunable gradient acoustic impedance matching layer of claim 7, wherein the piezoceramic sheet (5) is a circular piezoceramic sheet.
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| CN112040382B (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2021-07-30 | 上海船舶电子设备研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七二六研究所) | High-bandwidth underwater acoustic transducer based on acoustic impedance gradient matching layer |
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