CN111446746A - Over-discharge protection and recovery circuit of rechargeable battery - Google Patents

Over-discharge protection and recovery circuit of rechargeable battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111446746A
CN111446746A CN202010150595.4A CN202010150595A CN111446746A CN 111446746 A CN111446746 A CN 111446746A CN 202010150595 A CN202010150595 A CN 202010150595A CN 111446746 A CN111446746 A CN 111446746A
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battery
voltage
protection module
over
diode
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CN111446746B (en
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袁定高
彭尹涛
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Foshan Unipower Electronic Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0034—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using reverse polarity correcting or protecting circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0036—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of Battery Management Systems (BMS), in particular to an over-discharge protection and recovery circuit of a rechargeable battery, which comprises an over-discharge protection module and a recovery protection module, wherein the over-discharge protection module is connected with a battery positive terminal of the rechargeable battery and the recovery protection module, and the recovery protection module is also connected with a battery charging and discharging input/output positive terminal and a power supply terminal of a voltage reduction power supply. The over-discharge protection module is mainly built based on a voltage stabilizing diode, so that a voltage stabilizing effect is achieved, the over-discharge voltage point of the battery is improved, the basic voltage of the battery is ensured, and the rechargeable battery is protected from being damaged due to over-discharge caused by over-low voltage; the recovery protection module is mainly built on the basis of two diodes, when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than a specific threshold value and additional starting voltage is input from the charging and discharging input and output positive terminal of the battery, the rechargeable battery is forbidden to be charged under the charging instruction of a non-battery management system, and diagnosis and recovery of the overdischarged battery are achieved.

Description

Over-discharge protection and recovery circuit of rechargeable battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Battery Management Systems (BMS), in particular to an over-discharge protection and recovery circuit of a rechargeable battery.
Background
The rechargeable battery is a rechargeable battery with limited charging times and is matched with a charger for use. The rechargeable battery mainly comprises nickel-cadmium, nickel-hydrogen, lithium ions, lithium polymers, lead-acid batteries and the like. In the field of intelligent terminals, lithium ion batteries (lithium batteries for short) are increasingly widely used due to the characteristics of light weight, small volume, long service life, large battery capacity and the like. However, some lithium batteries (and other rechargeable batteries) have some disadvantages due to intrinsic material limitations, such as strict requirements on charge and discharge voltages, too high charge voltages, too low discharge voltages, and the like, which otherwise cause permanent damage to the batteries, and therefore, the battery voltage must be kept within a specified voltage range during the charging process of the lithium battery. However, the static power consumption of the battery management system is required to be as low as possible during the standing process of the battery. And the battery still appears easily in the use and leads to its quiescent current too big because of intelligent protection shield component inefficacy, program error or other reasons to cause the battery to overdischarge, the battery is damaged, leads to the unable battery charging, the unable problem that uses of equipment for the group battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an over-discharge protection and recovery circuit of a rechargeable battery, and solves the technical problems that the static current of an intelligent protection board element is too large due to failure, program error or other reasons, so that the battery is over-discharged and damaged, the battery pack cannot be charged, and equipment cannot be used.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an over-discharge protection and recovery circuit of a rechargeable battery, which comprises an over-discharge protection module and a recovery protection module, wherein the over-discharge protection module is connected with a battery positive terminal of the rechargeable battery and the recovery protection module, and the recovery protection module is also connected with a battery charging and discharging input/output positive terminal and a power supply terminal of a voltage reduction power supply;
the over-discharge protection module is used for controlling the battery management system to stop working when the output voltage of the positive terminal of the battery is reduced to be lower than a first preset voltage; the battery management system is also used for cutting off the power supply of the battery to the step-down power supply and the battery management system when the output voltage of the positive terminal of the battery is reduced to be lower than a second preset voltage; the voltage output end of the voltage reduction power supply is connected with the battery management system and used for supplying power to the battery management system;
the recovery protection module is used for prohibiting the rechargeable battery from being charged under the charging instruction of the battery management system when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than a specific threshold value and an external starting voltage is input from the battery charging and discharging input and output positive terminal;
the battery management system is used for controlling the output switch to be closed to output the battery voltage to the battery charging and discharging input-output positive end when the battery management system detects that the voltage of the battery positive end meets the voltage output standard in the working state; and the control circuit is also used for controlling the input switch to be closed to charge the positive terminal of the battery when detecting that the charging voltage input from the charging and discharging input/output positive terminal of the battery meets the charging standard in the working state.
Specifically, the over-discharge protection module is at least provided with one main voltage-stabilizing diode, and the main voltage-stabilizing diode is reversely connected between the battery positive terminal of the rechargeable battery and the recovery protection module.
Preferably, the over-discharge protection module is provided with one main voltage stabilizing diode and at least one slave voltage stabilizing diode, and the slave voltage stabilizing diode and the main voltage stabilizing diode are connected in parallel in the same direction or in series-parallel.
Furthermore, the over-discharge protection module is further provided with at least one component selected from a capacitor and a resistor, the capacitor is connected in parallel with the main voltage stabilizing diode or the slave voltage stabilizing diode, and the resistor is connected in series with the main voltage stabilizing diode or the slave voltage stabilizing diode.
Specifically, the recovery protection module is provided with at least two diodes, a first diode is connected between the signal output end of the over-discharge protection module and the power supply end of the step-down power supply in the forward direction, and a second diode is connected between the charge-discharge input/output positive end of the battery and the power supply end of the step-down power supply in the forward direction.
Furthermore, the recovery protection module is further provided with other first diodes which are in forward series connection, parallel connection or series-parallel connection with the first diodes.
Furthermore, the recovery protection module is also provided with other second diodes which are in forward series connection, parallel connection or series-parallel connection with the second diodes.
Further, the recovery protection module is also provided with a resistor connected with the second diode in series.
Furthermore, the recovery protection module is further provided with a capacitor connected in parallel with the second diode, or a capacitor and a diode connected in series and connected in parallel with the second diode.
As a preferred embodiment, the over-discharge protection module is provided with one main zener diode, and the recovery protection module is provided with one first diode and one second diode;
at this time, the first preset voltage is Vzd1+ Vd1+ Vp1+ Vreset, the second preset voltage is Vzd1, Vzd1 represents a voltage division value of the main zener diode, Vd1 represents a forward voltage drop of the first diode, Vp1 represents a voltage drop of the step-down power supply, and Vreset represents a reset voltage of the battery management system.
The invention provides an over-discharge protection and recovery circuit of a rechargeable battery, which is built by an over-discharge protection module and a recovery protection module. The over-discharge protection module is mainly built based on the voltage stabilizing diode (on the basis, other voltage stabilizing diodes, resistors, capacitors and the like can be expanded), so that a voltage stabilizing effect (power supply is cut off when the power supply voltage is low) is achieved, the over-discharge voltage point of the battery is improved, the basic voltage of the battery is ensured, and the rechargeable battery is protected from being damaged due to over-low voltage caused by over-discharge; the recovery protection module is mainly built on the basis of two diodes (on the basis, other diodes, resistors, capacitors and the like can be expanded), when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than a specific threshold value, an external starting voltage (provided by a special charger) is input from a charging and discharging input and output positive terminal of the battery, the rechargeable battery is forbidden to be charged under a charging instruction of a non-battery management system, and the diagnosis and recovery of the overdischarged battery are realized. The invention is only built by components such as a voltage stabilizing diode, a diode (resistor, capacitor) and the like, has extremely low cost, but ensures the basic voltage of the battery and realizes the diagnosis, recovery and self-charging of the over-discharge battery, thereby obviously prolonging the service life of the battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a connection diagram of an over-discharge protection and recovery circuit of a rechargeable battery according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an over-discharge protection and recovery circuit provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3-1 is a circuit diagram of a series connection of zener diodes in the over-discharge protection module 1 according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3-2 is a circuit diagram of the parallel connection of the zener diodes in the over-discharge protection module 1 according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3-3 are circuit diagrams of series-parallel connection of zener diodes in the over-discharge protection module 1 according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 to 4 are circuit diagrams of a secondary regulator diode in the over-discharge protection module 1 and a second diode in the recovery protection module 2, which are connected in series according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4-1 is a circuit diagram of the main zener diode connected in parallel with the first capacitor in fig. 3-1 according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4-2 is a circuit diagram of a main zener diode connected in series with a first resistor in fig. 3-1 according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5-1 is a circuit diagram of a recovery protection module 2 according to embodiment 3 of the present invention, in which first diodes are connected in series;
fig. 5-2 is a circuit diagram of a parallel connection of first diodes in the recovery protection module 2 according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 5-3 are circuit diagrams of series-parallel connection of first diodes in the recovery protection module 2 according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 5 to 4 are circuit diagrams of a zener diode in the over-discharge protection module 1 and a first diode in the recovery protection module 2 cross-connected in series according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 5-5 are circuit diagrams of a zener diode in the over-discharge protection module 1 and a first diode in the recovery protection module 2 cross and are connected in series with a second resistor according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 5-6 are circuit diagrams of a first diode connected in parallel with a second capacitor in the recovery protection module 2 according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 6-1 is a circuit diagram of a recovery protection module 2 according to embodiment 4 of the present invention, in which second diodes are connected in series;
fig. 6-2 is a circuit diagram of a parallel connection of second diodes in the recovery protection module 2 according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 6-3 are circuit diagrams of series-parallel connection of second diodes in the recovery protection module 2 according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 7-1 is a circuit diagram of a second diode connected in parallel with a third capacitor in a recovery protection module 2 according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 7-2 is a circuit diagram of a second diode connected in series with a third resistor in the recovery protection module 2 according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
And (3) graphic labeling:
the battery management system comprises a battery positive terminal B +, a battery negative terminal B-, an over-discharge protection module 1, a recovery protection module 2, a voltage reduction power supply P1, a battery management system S1, a battery charge-discharge input and output positive terminal P +, a battery charge-discharge input and output negative terminal P-, an output switch K1 and an input switch K2;
the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a main voltage stabilizing diode ZD1, slave voltage stabilizing diodes ZDn, ZDO and ZDp, a first capacitor C1 and a first resistor R1; a first diode D1, other first diodes D1n, D1o and D1x, a second resistor R2 and a second capacitor C2; the circuit comprises a second diode D2, other second diodes D2n, D2o and D2x, a third capacitor C3 and a third resistor R3.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the invention, including the drawings which are incorporated herein by reference and for illustration only and are not to be construed as limitations of the invention, since many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
As shown in a module structure diagram of fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an overdischarge protection and recovery circuit for a rechargeable battery, including an overdischarge protection module 1 and a recovery protection module 2, where the overdischarge protection module 1 is connected to a battery positive terminal B + (a battery negative terminal B —, which corresponds to the port in fig. 1) of the rechargeable battery and the recovery protection module 2, and the recovery protection module 2 is further connected to a battery charge/discharge input/output positive terminal P + (a battery charge/discharge input/output negative terminal P —, which corresponds to the port in fig. 1, and the "charge/discharge input/output" refers to a power terminal through which the battery releases voltage outwards and charges the battery, and the power terminal passes through the positive and negative terminals P +, P —, and a step-down power supply P1;
the over-discharge protection module 1 is used for controlling the battery management system S1 not to work when the output voltage of the battery positive terminal B + is reduced to be lower than a first preset voltage (the first preset voltage is protected by the battery management system software and is not within the protection range of the circuit); the battery management system is also used for cutting off the power supply of the battery to the step-down power supply P1 and the battery management system S1 when the output voltage of the battery positive terminal B + is reduced to be lower than a second preset voltage; the voltage output end (VDD) of the voltage reduction power supply P1 is connected with the battery management system S1 and used for supplying power to the battery management system S1;
the recovery protection module 2 is configured to prohibit the rechargeable battery from being charged under a charging instruction other than the charging instruction of the battery management system S1 when an applied start voltage is input from the battery charging/discharging input/output positive terminal P + when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than a specific threshold;
the battery management system S1 is used for controlling the output switch K1 to close and output the battery voltage to the battery charging and discharging input-output positive terminal P + when the voltage of the battery positive terminal B + is detected to meet the voltage output standard in the working state; and the charging control circuit is also used for controlling an input switch K2 (and an output switch K1 can be the same switch or two switches respectively, are positioned between the battery positive terminal B + and the battery charging and discharging input and output positive terminal P +, and are connected with a battery management system S1 to be controlled by the battery management system S1) to be closed to charge the battery positive terminal B + when the charging voltage input from the battery charging and discharging input and output positive terminal P + is detected to meet the charging standard in the working state.
Specifically, the over-discharge protection module 1 is at least provided with one main voltage-stabilizing diode, and the main voltage-stabilizing diode is reversely connected between the battery positive terminal B + of the rechargeable battery and the recovery protection module 2.
Preferably, the over-discharge protection module 1 is provided with one master zener diode and at least one slave zener diode, and the slave zener diode is connected in parallel with the master zener diode in the same direction or in series-parallel.
Further, the over-discharge protection module 1 is further provided with at least one component selected from a capacitor and a resistor, the capacitor is connected in parallel with the main zener diode or the slave zener diode, and the resistor is connected in series with the main zener diode or the slave zener diode.
Specifically, the recovery protection module 2 is at least provided with two diodes, a first diode of which is forward connected between the signal output end of the over-discharge protection module 1 and the power supply end of the step-down power supply P1, and a second diode of which is forward connected between the positive charge-discharge input-output end P + of the battery and the power supply end of the step-down power supply P1.
Further, the recovery protection module 2 is further provided with other first diodes which are connected with the first diodes in series, in parallel or in series-parallel.
Further, the recovery protection module 2 is further provided with other second diodes which are in forward series, parallel or series-parallel connection with the second diodes.
Further, the recovery protection module 2 is further provided with a resistor connected in series with the second diode.
Further, the recovery protection module 2 is further provided with a capacitor connected in parallel with the second diode, or a capacitor and a diode connected in series and connected in parallel with the second diode.
In addition to the contents and connection modes of the overdischarge protection module 1 and the recovery protection module 2 to be protected by the present application, other structures, connection modes, and the like in fig. 1 are only preferred embodiments, and do not limit the present application, and other modifications may be made in a specific battery charge/discharge circuit.
The over-discharge protection and recovery circuit of the rechargeable battery is built by an over-discharge protection module 1 and a recovery protection module 2. The over-discharge protection module 1 is mainly built based on a voltage stabilizing diode (on the basis, other voltage stabilizing diodes, resistors, capacitors and the like can be expanded), so that the functions of voltage division and power supply cutoff of a voltage reduction power supply are achieved, the over-discharge voltage point of the battery is improved, the basic voltage of the battery is ensured, and the rechargeable battery is protected from being damaged due to over-discharge caused by over-low voltage; the recovery protection module 2 is mainly built based on two diodes (on this basis, other diodes, resistors, capacitors and the like can be expanded), when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than a specific threshold value, and an external starting voltage is input from the battery charging and discharging input output positive terminal P +, the rechargeable battery is forbidden to be charged under the charging instruction of the non-battery management system S1, and the diagnosis and recovery of the overdischarged battery are realized. The invention is only built by components such as a voltage stabilizing diode, a diode (resistor, capacitor) and the like, has extremely low cost, but ensures the basic voltage of the battery and realizes the diagnosis and recovery of the over-discharge battery, thereby obviously prolonging the service life of the battery.
In this embodiment, the batteries are all rechargeable batteries, preferably lithium batteries, may be single batteries, and may be a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series and parallel.
The circuit structures of the over-discharge protection module 1 and the recovery protection module 2 of the present application are described below by way of specific embodiments.
Example 1
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the over-discharge protection module 1 is provided with a main zener diode ZD1, and the recovery protection module 2 is provided with two diodes, namely a first diode D1 and a second diode D2; the voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 is reversely connected between the positive terminal B + of the battery and the positive terminal of the first diode D1, the negative terminal of the first diode D1 is connected between the power supply terminals of the step-down power supply P1, and the second diode D2 is forwardly connected between the positive terminal P + of the charge-discharge input-output of the battery and the power supply terminal of the step-down power supply P1.
At this time, the first preset voltage is Vzd1+ Vd1+ Vp1+ Vreset, the second preset voltage is Vzd1, Vzd1 and the divided voltage value of the main zener diode ZD1, Vd1 represents the forward voltage drop of the first diode, Vp1 represents the voltage drop of the step-down power source P1, and Vreset represents the reset voltage of the battery management system S1.
For the over-discharge protection module 1, the working principle is as follows:
when the battery is normally discharged, the main voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 is reversely conducted, and the voltage output of the charging and discharging input/output positive terminal P + of the battery is not influenced. The voltage stabilizing value Vzd1 of the main voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 is reasonably selected (a preset value, when the line voltage is higher than the voltage stabilizing value of the voltage stabilizing diode, the voltage stabilizing diode is reversely turned on, otherwise, the voltage stabilizing diode cannot be turned on, and the power supply of the line where the voltage stabilizing diode is located is cut off), when the battery voltage Vbat begins to be reduced and is lower than the value (Vzd1+ Vd1+ Vp1+ Vreset), the battery management system S1 begins to enter a reset state (reset state, in which the battery management system S1 does not work), and the power consumption of the whole system is reduced to be lower than the sleep condition of the battery management system S1 (according to the selection type of the voltage reducing power supply P1, VDD has no output, or along with the reduction of the input of the voltage reducing power supply P1, the power consumption of uA-nA level may.
When Vbat is reduced to be below Vzd1, the main voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 cannot be conducted reversely, the power supply of the positive terminal B + of the battery to the voltage-reducing power supply P1 is cut off, and the voltage-reducing power supply P1 stops working; the battery management system S1 is in a non-powered state and the system power consumption is again reduced, so that the output switch K1 is turned off and the battery no longer outputs voltage.
For the recovery protection module 2, the working principle is as follows:
lithium batteries do not allow charging when the voltage is below a certain threshold. When the system shown in fig. 1 does not work due to too low battery voltage, only a starting voltage capable of enabling the step-down power supply P1 to work needs to be input from the input/output interface P +, P-terminal (provided by a special charger, the voltage can just enable the step-down power supply P1 to work, and meanwhile, the charging detection circuit cannot be triggered, at this time, it can be ensured that the output switch K1 is not closed for charging after S1 is restarted), it can be ensured that the battery management system S1 is powered on to work, and at this time, the state of the battery can be acquired through the communication function of the battery management system S1; s1, if the battery voltage is detected to be chargeable, the output switch K1 charging switch is closed to charge the battery; if the voltage of the battery drops to the state that the battery can not be charged, the state of the battery can be read through the communication port, and the fault reason of the battery can be diagnosed. . The first diode D1 and the second diode D2 function to prevent the battery from being charged under the command of the non-battery management system S1 due to the applied starting voltage.
Example 2
The over-discharge protection module 1 in embodiment 1 can be expanded in many ways on the voltage stabilization principle.
As shown in fig. 3-1, in addition to the master zener diode ZD1, a slave zener diode ZDn is provided in parallel with the master zener diode ZD1 in the same direction.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3-2, a slave zener diode ZDn is provided in series with the master zener diode ZD1 in the same direction.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3-3, in combination with fig. 3-1 and 3-2, three slave zener diodes ZDn, ZDo, ZDp and a master zener diode ZD1 are provided in a series-parallel connection. The series-parallel connection mainly considers that the slave voltage stabilizing diodes ZDn, ZDO and ZDP can ensure the normal operation of the circuit when the main voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 fails and has short circuit or open circuit faults; or an extended current, etc.
It should be noted that the zener diodes ZD1, ZDn, ZDo, and ZDp may be a zener diode, or may be series or parallel zener diode strings.
In particular, the slave zener diode ZDn may also be provided in series relationship with the second diode D2 in the line of the second diode D2, as shown in fig. 3-4.
As shown in fig. 4-1, on the basis of fig. 3-1, the over-discharge protection module 1 further includes a first capacitor C1 (which may also be a capacitor unit, and may be formed by connecting a plurality of capacitors in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel, and may be equivalent to a capacitor), and is connected in parallel with the main zener diode ZD1 in fig. 3-1. If in fig. 3-2 or fig. 3-3, the capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the master zener diode ZD1 or the slave zener diode ZDn. In other embodiments, a capacitor may be connected in parallel with each zener diode.
As shown in fig. 4-2, on the basis of fig. 3-1, the over-discharge protection module 1 further includes a first resistor R1 (which may also be a resistor unit, and may be formed by connecting a plurality of resistors in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel, and may be equivalent to a resistor), which is connected in series with the main zener diode ZD1 in fig. 3-1. If in fig. 3-2 or fig. 3-3, the resistor R1 is connected in series with the master zener diode ZD1 or the slave zener diode ZDn. In other embodiments, a resistor may be connected in series with each zener diode.
In other embodiments, the master zener diode ZD1 and/or the slave zener diodes ZDnZDo, ZDp may be connected in series with resistors and/or parallel with capacitors.
The parallel capacitor or the series resistor is mainly used for current spreading or current limiting.
Example 3
The first diode D1 in the recovery protection module 2 in embodiment 1 can be extended in many ways.
As shown in fig. 5-1, the recovery protection module 2 is further provided with another first diode D1n in forward series with the first diode D1;
alternatively, as shown in fig. 5-2, the recovery protection module 2 is further provided with another first diode D1n connected in parallel with the first diode D1 in the forward direction;
alternatively, as shown in fig. 5-3, the recovery protection module 2 is further provided with other first diodes D1n, D1o, D1x connected in series-parallel with the first diode D1 in the forward direction.
The other first diodes D1, D1n, D1o, and D1x may be one diode, or may be a series or parallel diode string.
In particular, if FIG. 3-1 (where there are two secondary zener diodes ZDn, ZDn for each diode)1And ZDn2) FIG. 5-1 (here, the first diode D1 is provided with two, respectively D11And D12) In combination, the zener diodes and diodes may be arranged alternately as shown in fig. 5-4.
In particular, the recovery protection module 2 is further provided with a second resistor R2 (which may also be a resistor unit, and may be formed by connecting a plurality of resistors in series, in parallel, or in series and parallel, and may be equivalent to a resistor), which is connected in series with the first diode D1 in fig. 3-1. In a sense, the second resistor R2 in series with the first diode D1 may be interpreted as a first resistor R1 in series with the master zener diode ZD1 or the slave zener diode (ZD2 … …). For example, as shown in fig. 5-5, the first resistor R1 (or the second resistor R2) has three resistors R11, R12, R13, which are connected in series across the first diode D1 and the slave zener diode ZDn.
In particular, as shown in fig. 5 to 6, the recovery protection module 2 is further provided with a second capacitor C2 (which may also be a capacitor unit, and may be formed by connecting a plurality of capacitors in series, parallel or series-parallel, and may be equivalent to a capacitor), and the capacitor is connected in parallel with the first diode D1.
In other embodiments, for the circuit layouts of FIGS. 5-1-5-3, the resistors can be directly connected in series to the main circuit; the first diode D1 and/or the other first diodes D1n, D1o, D1x may also be connected in series with a resistor and/or a parallel capacitor.
Example 4
The second diode D2 in the recovery protection module 2 in embodiment 1 can be extended in many ways.
The same principle as in FIGS. 5-1 to 5-3:
as shown in fig. 6-1, the recovery protection module 2 is further provided with another second diode D2n in forward series with the second diode D2;
alternatively, as shown in fig. 6-2, the recovery protection module 2 is further provided with another second diode D2n connected in parallel with the second diode D2 in the forward direction;
alternatively, as shown in fig. 6-3, the recovery protection module 2 is further provided with other second diodes D2n, D2o and D2x connected in series-parallel with the second diode D2 in the forward direction.
The other second diodes D2, D2n, D2o, and D2x may be a single diode, or may be a series or parallel diode string.
In particular, as shown in fig. 7-1, on this line of D2, a third capacitor C3 may also be connected in parallel;
as shown in fig. 7-2, a third resistor R3 may also be connected in series on this line of D2.
Similarly, the third capacitor C3 connected in parallel may be a capacitor or a capacitor string formed by connecting a plurality of capacitors in series or in parallel or in series and parallel; the series third resistor R3 may be a resistor or a resistor string formed by connecting a plurality of resistors in series or in parallel or in series-parallel.
In other embodiments, the circuit layout of FIGS. 6-1-6-3 can have resistors connected in series with the main circuit; a resistor and/or a parallel capacitor may also be connected in series with the second diode D2 and/or the other second diodes D2n, D2o, D2 x.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above embodiment, except for the main zener diode, the first diode and the second diode, if a zener diode is additionally added, a parallel connection, a series connection or a series-parallel connection with the main zener diode is adopted; if a first diode needs to be added, the first diode is connected in parallel, in series or in series-parallel; if a second diode needs to be added, the mode of parallel connection, series connection or series-parallel connection with the second diode is adopted; the newly added voltage stabilizing diode can also be directly connected in series in the circuit of the second diode. For each electronic component such as the zener diode, the first diode, and the second diode, a capacitor or a series resistor may be connected in parallel. Other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The over-discharge protection and recovery circuit of the rechargeable battery is characterized by comprising an over-discharge protection module and a recovery protection module, wherein the over-discharge protection module is connected with a battery positive terminal of the rechargeable battery and the recovery protection module, and the recovery protection module is also connected with a battery charge-discharge input/output positive terminal and a power supply terminal of a voltage reduction power supply;
the over-discharge protection module is used for controlling the battery management system to stop working when the output voltage of the positive terminal of the battery is reduced to be lower than a first preset voltage; the battery management system is also used for cutting off the power supply of the battery to the step-down power supply and the battery management system when the output voltage of the positive terminal of the battery is reduced to be lower than a second preset voltage; the voltage output end of the voltage reduction power supply is connected with the battery management system and used for supplying power to the battery management system;
the recovery protection module is used for prohibiting the rechargeable battery from being charged under the charging instruction of the battery management system when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than a specific threshold value and an external starting voltage is input from the battery charging and discharging input and output positive terminal;
the battery management system is used for controlling the output switch to be closed to output the battery voltage to the battery charging and discharging input-output positive end when the battery management system detects that the voltage of the battery positive end meets the voltage output standard in the working state; and the control circuit is also used for controlling the input switch to be closed to charge the positive terminal of the battery when detecting that the charging voltage input from the charging and discharging input/output positive terminal of the battery meets the charging standard in the working state.
2. An over-discharge protection and recovery circuit for a rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the over-discharge protection module is at least provided with a main voltage-stabilizing diode, and the main voltage-stabilizing diode is reversely connected between the battery positive terminal of the rechargeable battery and the recovery protection module.
3. An over-discharge protection and recovery circuit for a rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the over-discharge protection module is provided with a main voltage stabilizing diode and at least one slave voltage stabilizing diode, and the slave voltage stabilizing diodes are connected in parallel or in series-parallel in the same direction with the main voltage stabilizing diode.
4. An over-discharge protection and recovery circuit for a rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the over-discharge protection module is further provided with at least one component of a capacitor and a resistor, the capacitor is connected with the main voltage stabilizing diode or the slave voltage stabilizing diode in parallel, and the resistor is connected with the main voltage stabilizing diode or the slave voltage stabilizing diode in series.
5. An over-discharge protection and recovery circuit for a rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein: the recovery protection module is at least provided with two diodes, a first diode is connected between the signal output end of the over-discharge protection module and the power supply end of the step-down power supply in the forward direction, and a second diode is connected between the battery charge-discharge input-output positive end and the power supply end of the step-down power supply in the forward direction.
6. An over-discharge protection and recovery circuit for a rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the recovery protection module is also provided with other first diodes which are in forward series connection, parallel connection or series-parallel connection with the first diodes.
7. An over-discharge protection and recovery circuit for a rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the recovery protection module is also provided with other second diodes which are in forward series connection, parallel connection or series-parallel connection with the second diodes.
8. An over-discharge protection and recovery circuit for a rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the recovery protection module is also provided with a resistor connected in series with the second diode.
9. An over-discharge protection and recovery circuit for a rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the recovery protection module is also provided with a capacitor connected with the second diode in parallel or a capacitor and a diode connected with the second diode in parallel and connected in series.
10. An over-discharge protection and recovery circuit for a rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the over-discharge protection module is provided with one main voltage stabilizing diode, and the recovery protection module is provided with one first diode and one second diode;
the first preset voltage is Vzd1+ Vd1+ Vp1+ Vreset, the second preset voltage is Vzd1, Vzd1 represents a voltage division value of the main voltage stabilizing diode, Vd1 represents a forward voltage drop of the first diode, Vp1 represents a voltage drop of the step-down power supply, and Vreset represents a reset voltage of the battery management system.
CN202010150595.4A 2020-03-06 2020-03-06 Over-discharge protection and recovery circuit of rechargeable battery Active CN111446746B (en)

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