CN111445580A - Six-year-old child pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model suitable for Euro NCAP and construction method and application thereof - Google Patents
Six-year-old child pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model suitable for Euro NCAP and construction method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model of a six-year-old child with a detailed anatomical structure and a construction method and application thereof, which are suitable for Euro NCAP, wherein human body CT scanning information of the six-year-old child is subjected to three-dimensional geometric reconstruction to obtain a geometric model meeting the human body measurement standard; firstly, constructing a human body local finite element model; then constructing a pedestrian whole-person standing posture finite element model of the six-year-old child with a detailed anatomical structure; and then constructing and obtaining a Pedestrian natural walking posture finite element Model of the six-year-old child, wherein the Model has the detailed physiological and anatomical structural characteristics of the six-year-old child, and each joint angle meets the requirements of the Pedestrian Model of the six-year-old child in the Euro NCAP technical bulletin Pedestrian Human Model Certification (TB 024). The invention also provides a construction system of the model. The model constructed by the method can be used for CAE simulation calculation in new vehicle evaluation, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of human body computer numerical models, in particular to a pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model suitable for a six-year-old child in Euro NCAP and a construction method and application thereof.
Background
Children pedestrians are the weakest group on the road, and have higher death and disability rates when colliding with automobiles; causing great loss to families and society. In order to reduce the casualty rate of pedestrians and protect pedestrians better, detailed research on the damage cause and damage mechanism of internal tissues, organs and bones of a human body in the collision process is needed. Limited by ethics and experiments on corpses of children, a digitalized child human body model is a necessary means for researching injuries of children, but a six-year-old child rigid body model developed at present and a six-year-old child pedestrian finite element model established by utilizing a scaling technology hardly meet requirements on biological simulation degree. The rigid body model is geometrically overly simplified and cannot produce local deformations. Compared with adults, children are in a development stage, have own specific anatomical structures, for example, the head of the children has a seam, the children have a growth plate, and the like, so the children are not the reduction versions of the adults, and the pedestrian finite element model of the six-year-old children obtained through scaling deformation has great limitation on the biological geometric simulation degree. Therefore, developing a mathematical computational model of children's pedestrians based on the real anatomical structure of children (e.g., six-year-old children) would be an important research foundation for humans to better understand the injury mechanism and develop effective protective measures when children collide with automobiles.
One of the methods for evaluating vehicles is CAE simulation calculation using a Human body model with a complex Human anatomy in technical bulletin Pedestrian Human model verification (TB024) issued by Euro NCAP in 11 months 2017. In consideration of the fact that pedestrians and vehicles often have to be involved in their own gait, the collision speed of the vehicles, the front structures and materials of the vehicles, the types of vehicles, and other factors, the postures of children (six-year-old children) are prescribed in the bulletins.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem of geometric simulation degree of a numerical Human body Model of a six-year-old child, the invention provides a Pedestrian natural walking posture finite element Model of the six-year-old child, which is suitable for Euro NCAP (Pedestrian Model verification (TB024)), and a construction method and application thereof.
In the invention, a three-dimensional geometric model with the same size as a real person is established by adopting a three-dimensional reconstruction technology during geometric modeling in human finite element modeling, and the geometric structure is based on a real six-year-old child and has a detailed anatomical structure; the Model is a natural walking posture Model, and all joint angles meet the requirements of a Pedestrian Model of a six-year-old child in a technical bulletin Pedestrian Human Model Certification (TB024) newly published by Euro NCAP (EUROPEAN NEW CAR ASSESSMentrogrAM). The invention adopts a three-dimensional reconstruction technology to establish a three-dimensional geometric model with the same size as a real person during geometric modeling in finite element modeling of a human body, considers the influence of the human body posture before collision on the human body motion and damage response, meets the requirement of a pedestrian posture model of a child aged six in a Euro NCAP (pedestrian model verification of technology) (TB024) technical report, and develops a natural posture walking human body calculation model of the pedestrian aged six, which meets the requirement of the Euro NCAP technical evaluation, by adjusting the joint angle, subdividing the mesh at the joint and redrawing the mesh.
The invention provides a construction method of a pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model suitable for six-year-old children of Euro NCAP, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1): performing geometric reconstruction;
acquiring human body cross section scanning image information of a six-year-old child by using a CT scanner; extracting the anatomical contour characteristics of each tissue structure of a human body by a threshold segmentation method to generate a three-dimensional geometric model of each tissue structure; then processing, trimming and dividing the three-dimensional geometric model into curved sheets to obtain a geometric model with physiological structure characteristics of the six-year-old child;
step 2): constructing a finite element model;
carrying out mesh division on the three-dimensional geometric model which is in accordance with the anthropometry standard and has physiological structure characteristics of the six-year-old child, endowing material properties to each tissue of the geometric model, setting corresponding contact, constructing a human body local finite element model, and carrying out validity verification; obtaining a pedestrian whole-person standing posture finite element model of a six-year-old child with a detailed anatomical structure through common nodes; the human body local finite element model comprises a human body local finite element model of a head, a neck, a chest, an abdomen and lower limbs;
step 3): constructing a pedestrian posture finite element model of a six-year-old child;
based on the following definitions that the longitudinal distance Px between heels is 202mm, the transverse distance Py between the heels is 92mm, the height ACz of AC relative to the ground is 564mm, and the joint angles are defined as K: 88 degrees, L: 101 degrees, G: 166 degrees, H: 172 degrees, T: 97 degrees, U: 70 degrees, V: 136 degrees and W: 167 degrees, grid deletion and redrawing are carried out on the related adjusted parts on the basis of the step 2), and a natural walking posture finite element model of the six-year-old child is constructed;
then, based on each posture definition parameter of a pedestrian walking posture model of a six-year-old child in a pedestrian model authentication technology report in the Euro NCAP, deleting units at corresponding joints, adjusting corresponding angles, adjusting joint angles, dividing meshes at the joints again, and finally completing the meshes of the deleted parts through common nodes to obtain a pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model of the six-year-old child with a detailed anatomical structure, wherein the finite element model is suitable for the Euro NCAP.
The posture defining parameters of the Pedestrian walking posture Model of the six-year-old child in the Euro NCAP technical report comprise that the longitudinal distance Px between heels is 199mm, the transverse distance Py between the heels is 152mm, the height ACz of an AC relative to the ground is 640mm, the joint angle is defined as K: 87 degrees, L: 103 degrees, G: 166 degrees, H: 177 degrees, T: 98 degrees, U: 69 degrees, V: 140 degrees and W: 164 degrees, and the walking posture Model meets the requirements of the six-year-old child Model in the latest technical bulletin the Euro NCAP (EUROPEAN NEW CARASSESSMENT PROGRAMME) and can be used for CAE calculation such as simulation authentication and the like.
In the invention, the main parameters of the child walking posture model are defined as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Children walking posture model principal parameter definition
Note: HC, head centroid; AC, the midpoint of the line connecting the center points of the two hip sockets.
Specifically, in the step 1), a CT scanner is used for scanning the layer with the thickness of 1mm along the cross section of the human body, and the layer is output in a DICOM format. And (3) importing the scanned picture into three-dimensional medical software MIMICS, extracting a human tissue anatomical structure by a threshold segmentation method to generate a three-dimensional geometric model, and then processing, trimming and dividing the geometric model by utilizing reverse engineering software Geomagic. In the step 2), finally, finite element meshing software Truegrid and Hypermesh is introduced to carry out meshing, grid quality inspection and adjustment, then attributes and materials are given to each tissue of the model in Pam-crash, corresponding contact is set, a human body local finite element model is established, and then corresponding validity verification is carried out. The detailed human body local finite element models of the head, the neck, the chest, the abdomen, the upper limbs and the lower limbs are sequentially constructed, and the six-year-old child pedestrian whole standing posture finite element model with a detailed anatomical structure is obtained through common nodes. And in the step 3), based on each posture definition parameter of a pedestrian walking posture model of the six-year-old child in the technical report of pedestrian model authentication in the Euro NCAP, a pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model of the six-year-old child with a detailed anatomical structure, which is suitable for the Euro NCAP, is developed through grid redrawing.
In the invention, the geometric data of the three-dimensional geometric model is from a CT scanning image, and the size, the mass and the rotational inertia of each human body part are consistent with the standard human body measurement data. Completely conforms to the physiological and anatomical characteristics of the six-year-old children, and has complete bones, muscles, internal organs, ligaments, soft tissues and the like. The tissue organs in the model are connected by the finite element units in a common node, so that all bones are connected in a realistic manner, and all joints can have the movement range of biological fibers.
In the invention, the physiological and anatomical structure characteristics of the six-year-old child are fully expressed (embodied), the material property of each tissue and organ is similar to the biomechanical property of the child, the mechanical transmission and the motion range between tissues are effectively ensured by the unit common node connection between the tissues, and the model has higher biological simulation degree.
The human body local finite element model constructed by the method comprises a human body local finite element model of the head, the neck, the chest and the abdomen, the upper limbs and the lower limbs.
In the head and neck finite element model, the skull comprises frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone and the like, and is of a three-layer structure, namely an inner bone plate, an outer bone plate and an immature plate barrier. The facial skull comprises maxilla, mandible, zygomatic bone, lacrimal bone, plough bone, etc.; the soft tissue comprises brain, cerebellum, mesencephalon, brainstem, ventricle, corpus callosum, sinus sulcus, cerebral sickle, cerebellum, pia mater, dura mater, cerebrospinal fluid and other structures, and also comprises scalp wrapped at the outmost layer of the skull; the brain tissue of the model is connected with the skull by constructing three layers of cerebrospinal fluid units, and the grids are continuous; respectively establishing a layer of 1mm shell unit on the inner side of the inner plate of the skull and the outer surface of the brain tissue to realize dura mater and pia mater in the cranial cavity of the head; meanwhile, except for the soft tissues such as the sickle of the brain, the cerebellum, the meninges and the like of the integral head finite element model grid, all other structures adopt eight-node hexahedral units.
The neck model can be divided into a bone model and a soft tissue model, wherein the bone model is a full cervical vertebra model including cervical vertebra, and the cervical vertebra in the model is divided into compact bone and cancellous bone; the intervertebral disc model is composed of three parts: nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and annulus fibrosus; wherein the compact bone of cervical vertebra, the end plate, the growth plate and the fiber ring of the fiber ring are simulated by a shell unit, and the ligament is simulated by a membrane unit. The soft tissue models are cervical muscle, fat, spinal cord and skin models, wherein the muscle models include trapezius, brachiocephalus, hemispinatus, rectus cephalus, and inferior oblique cephalus, among others. Muscles and fat are simulated with hexahedral cells and skin with shell cells.
The thoracoabdominal finite element model comprises a thoracic vertebra, a lumbar vertebra, ribs, costal cartilage, a sternum, a spinal cord, an intervertebral disc, a heart, a lung, diaphragm muscles, a trachea, blood vessels, an esophagus, a stomach, a liver, a spleen, a kidney, a large intestine, a small intestine, a bladder, skin, ligaments and a muscle model with a real anatomical structure. Cancellous bone, internal organs and muscles are simulated by solid units, ligaments are simulated by membrane units, and compact bone, skin and end plates of bones are simulated by shell units.
The upper limb finite element model comprises a clavicle, a scapula, a humerus, an ulna, a radius and a muscle model with a real anatomical structure.
The lower limb finite element model comprises a hip bone, a femur, a tibia, a fibula, a foot bone, a hip joint, a knee joint, a foot joint, a myelinated muscle, a thigh muscle, a calf muscle and a foot muscle.
The finite element model of the natural walking posture of the child pedestrian, which is constructed by the method, has higher biological simulation degree and is specifically represented as follows: full expression of biological anatomical features of six-year-old children, such as soft tissues like bone seams, growth plates and the like; defining the material attribute of each tissue of the body of the child; the real reproduction and connection of bones, muscles and internal organs ensure the mechanical transmission among tissues; the construction of the joint structure and ligaments allows for a range of motion within the physiology of all joints.
Based on the construction method of the finite element model of the natural walking posture of the child pedestrian, the invention also provides a construction system of the finite element model of the natural walking posture of the child pedestrian, and the system comprises:
the geometric reconstruction module is used for obtaining a geometric model with physiological structure characteristics of the six-year-old child;
the finite element model building module is used for building a pedestrian whole-person standing posture finite element model of a six-year-old child with a detailed anatomical structure;
the pedestrian walking posture finite element model building module for the six-year-old children is used for building a pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model which is suitable for the Euro NCAP and has a detailed anatomical structure.
Wherein the geometric reconstruction module comprises: the CT information extraction module is used for extracting CT image information of children aged six; the threshold value determining module is used for determining threshold values used for extracting various tissues of the human body; the extraction module of the three-dimensional geometric model is used for preliminarily extracting the three-dimensional geometric model; and the trimming and surface patch dividing module is used for correcting/trimming the preliminarily extracted three-dimensional geometric model and dividing the surface patch.
Wherein the finite element model building module comprises: a setting module for the division of the mesh, the quality inspection of the mesh, the definition of the contact, the setting of material parameters, cell properties and other boundary conditions; the verification module is used for verifying the biological simulation degree of the finite element model of the local part/each part; and the connecting module is used for connecting the whole human model.
Wherein, six years old children pedestrian walks appearance finite element model construction module includes: the grid deleting and redrawing processing module is used for deleting and redrawing related grids at each joint; the joint angle adjusting module is used for adjusting the joint angle and subdividing a network at the joint; and the common node completion module is used for completing the grids of the deleted part by common nodes.
Further, since medical images are typically obtained in a child lying down, there is a large difference between the physiological curvatures of the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral) of the child in both the lying and standing positions. Therefore, in order to obtain a child pedestrian model with higher biological simulation degree, in the invention, in the geometric reconstruction in the step 1), a spine physiological curvature adjusting method is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps: selecting a 6-year-old child pedestrian spine bending curve from the anatomy of a child, measuring the length from an atlas posterior nodule to a sacral median crest from the image data of the child, zooming the selected spine bending curve according to the measured length to obtain a new curve, selecting a plurality of points on the new curve, corresponding to the rear points of the upper end surfaces of vertebral bodies from a second cervical vertebra to a fifth lumbar vertebra one by one, adjusting the positions of the geometric models of the vertebras through rotation and translation, and observing and measuring the gaps of the vertebral joints in a reverse engineering software transparent display mode to ensure that the gaps are larger than zero so as to ensure that the intervertebral joints do not generate interference, thereby obtaining the spine model which accords with the physiological curvature of the child pedestrian.
In the construction method of the invention, the priority order of the adjustment of the angles of the joints in the pedestrian walking posture model is as follows: firstly, adjusting the angles of main joints, wherein the main joints refer to shoulder joints and hip joints; secondly, adjusting the angle of an auxiliary joint, wherein the auxiliary joint refers to an elbow joint and a knee joint; and finally, adjusting the angles of other joints, wherein the other joints refer to wrist joints and ankle joints.
In the construction method, the muscle models are constructed one by one, and the interaction among the muscles can be reproduced. Abdominal internal organs are distinguished and modeled in detail, so that the interaction of internal organs can be simulated, the biological simulation degree of the internal organs is improved, and internal injury parts are predicted; and (3) carrying out boundary distinguishing, extraction and meshing on various internal organs including the liver, the spleen, the kidney, the stomach, the large intestine, the small intestine, the bladder and the like in the abdomen to construct a finite element model. The ligament model is simulated by adopting the two-dimensional membrane unit, so that the geometric biological simulation degree of the ligament model is improved, and the biomechanical response of transverse injury of the ligament can be simulated.
The invention also provides a pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model suitable for the Euro NCAP, which is a pedestrian natural walking posture human body calculation model of the six-year-old children meeting the assessment requirement of the Euro NCAP technology, the model is constructed according to the method, the model has the characteristics of detailed anatomical structure, outstanding physiological characteristics of the six-year-old children, high model grid quality and the like, meets the requirement of the pedestrian walking posture model of the six-year-old children in the Euro NCAP pedestrian model certification (TB024) technical report, and can be used for assessment of a pedestrian protection system in the Euro NCAP pedestrian test protocol.
The invention is suitable for a six-year-old child pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model of Euro NCAP, and comprises a muscle model which is constructed one by one, a finite element model which is divided and constructed in detail according to boundaries of all internal organs of the abdomen, and a ligament model which is constructed by adopting two-dimensional membrane unit simulation.
The invention is suitable for a six-year-old child pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model of Euro NCAP, can accurately establish a geometric model according to the size of each tissue of a human body, and has a detailed anatomical structure; and the upper arm of the model is in a swing arm state, the lower limb is in a separated state, the model has the characteristic of natural walking posture, and the requirement of a pedestrian digital model of a six-year-old child applied to CAE simulation calculation in Euro NCAP is met. The material parameters of each part of the human body can be accurately defined by methods such as scaling, the stress and strain distribution of each part of the human body can be calculated by a finite unit with mechanical properties, the deformation and damage conditions of each part can be more accurately reflected, and the damage reason and the damage mechanism of pedestrians and children in six years old in automobile collision accidents can be more deeply researched.
The invention also provides application of the six-year-old child pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model suitable for the Euro NCAP in assessment of a pedestrian protection system in a vehicle and CAE simulation calculation in a vehicle development process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pedestrian posture finite element model of a six-year-old child according to the present invention; the reference numbers in the figures denote: 1-a head; 2-neck part; 3-thoracic and abdominal region; 4-upper limb; 5-abdomen; 6-lower limbs.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a finite element modeling process for a pedestrian standing posture of a six-year-old child according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detailed structural diagram of a finite element model of the head and neck of the pedestrian of the six-year-old child in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a detailed structural diagram of a finite element model of the thoracico-abdominal portion of the pedestrian aged six in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a detailed structural diagram of a finite element model of an upper limb of the pedestrian of the six-year-old child in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a detailed structural diagram of a finite element model of a lower limb of a pedestrian of the six-year-old child in FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the natural walking posture model of six-year-old children pedestrian based on Euro NCAP, wherein the reference numerals in the diagram are respectively represented by PX-heel longitudinal distance, PY-front and rear heel transverse distance, height of ACz-AC point from the ground, K-upper right leg angle, L-upper left leg angle, G-upper right knee joint flexion angle, H-upper left knee joint flexion angle, T-upper right arm angle, U-upper left arm angle, V-upper right elbow flexion angle, W-upper left elbow flexion angle, HCx-distance of mass center of head relative to AC point in x direction, HCz-distance of head relative to ground in z direction.
Fig. 8 shows a process of constructing the pedestrian walking posture finite element model of the six-year-old child of fig. 1 according to the parameter requirements of fig. 7 based on the human body standing posture finite element model obtained in fig. 2.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a pedestrian walking posture finite element model of a six-year-old child according to the invention.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of step 1) of the construction method of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of step 2) of the construction method of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of step 3) of the construction method of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a construction system of a pedestrian walking posture finite element model of a six-year-old child according to the invention.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the method for adjusting physiological curvature of spine in step 1) of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the physiological curvature curves of the spine in the method for adjusting the physiological curvature of the spine in step 1) of the present invention; the reference numerals in the drawings denote: a-obtaining a spine physiological curvature curve of a six-year-old child from anatomy, B-obtaining a spine physiological curvature curve of the six-year-old child by zooming, and C-obtaining a spine physiological curvature curve of the six-year-old child by rotation adjustment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
The invention provides a pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model suitable for a six-year-old child of Euro NCAP and a construction method thereof, wherein the geometric structure of the finite element model is based on real CT scanning image information of the six-year-old child, and the whole finite element model has a detailed anatomical structure as shown in attached figures 1-15.
The method is suitable for the construction method of the pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model of the six-year-old child of the Euro NCAP, and comprises the construction of the pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model of the six-year-old child and the adjustment of the model posture as shown in fig. 9. The construction method of the present invention comprises the following steps, as shown in FIGS. 10 to 13:
step 1) geometric reconstruction: first, a CT scanner is used to scan the layer thickness of 1mm along the transverse plane of the body and to output it in DICOM format. And (3) importing the scanned picture into three-dimensional medical software MIMICS, and extracting a human tissue anatomical structure by a threshold segmentation method to generate a three-dimensional geometric model.
Then, step 2) builds a finite element model: processing and finishing the geometric model and dividing a curved surface slice by using reverse engineering software Geomagic, finally introducing finite element meshing software Truegrid and Hypermesh for meshing, then endowing attributes and materials to each tissue of the model in Pam-coast, setting corresponding contact to establish a human body local finite element model, and carrying out corresponding validity verification. Detailed human body local finite element models of the head, the neck, the chest, the abdomen, the upper limbs and the lower limbs are sequentially constructed, and a six-year-old child pedestrian whole standing posture finite element model with a detailed anatomical structure is obtained through common node connection, as shown in fig. 2.
Then, step 3) constructing a pedestrian posture finite element model suitable for the six-year-old children of Euro NCAP: based on all posture definition parameters of a pedestrian walking posture model of a six-year-old child in a technical report of pedestrian model authentication in EuroNCAP, units at corresponding joints are deleted through grid redrawing, corresponding angle adjustment is carried out, the joints are adjusted and divided again, and finally the grids of the deleted parts are supplemented through common nodes, so that the pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model of the six-year-old child with a detailed anatomical structure, which is suitable for EuroNCAP, is obtained.
The Pedestrian posture defining parameters of the Pedestrian walking posture Model of the six-year-old child in the Euro NCAP technical report comprise that the longitudinal distance Px between heels is 199mm, the transverse distance Py between the heels is 152mm, the height ACz of an AC relative to the ground is 640mm, and the joint angles are defined as K: 87 degrees, L: 103 degrees, G: 166 degrees, H: 177 degrees, T: 98 degrees, U: 69 degrees, V: 140 degrees and W: 164 degrees, wherein the walking posture Model meets the requirements of the Pedestrian Model of the six-year-old child in the technical bulletin Pedestria Human Model Certification (TB024) newly issued by Euro NCAP (EUROPEAN NEW CARASSESSMENT PROGRAMME) and can be used for CAE calculation such as simulation Certification.
In the present invention, the detailed anatomical structure of the constructed head and neck finite element model is shown in fig. 3, wherein the skull comprises frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, etc., and is in a three-layer structure, i.e., internal and external bone plates and immature plate barriers. The facial skull comprises maxilla, mandible, zygomatic bone, lacrimal bone, plough bone, etc.; the soft tissue comprises brain, cerebellum, mesencephalon, brainstem, ventricle, corpus callosum, sinus sulcus, cerebral sickle, cerebellum, pia mater, dura mater, cerebrospinal fluid and other structures, and also comprises scalp wrapped at the outmost layer of the skull; the brain tissue of the model is connected with the skull by constructing three layers of cerebrospinal fluid units, and the grids are continuous; respectively establishing a layer of 1mm unit on the inner side of the inner plate of the skull and the outer surface of the brain tissue to realize the dura mater and the pia mater in the cranial cavity of the head; meanwhile, except for the soft tissues such as the sickle of the brain, the cerebellum, the meninges and the like of the integral head finite element model grid, all other structures adopt eight-node hexahedral units. The neck model can be divided into two parts, namely a bone model and a soft tissue model, wherein the bone model is a full cervical vertebra model including cervical vertebra, and the cervical vertebra in the model is divided into compact bone and cancellous bone; the intervertebral disc model consists of three parts, namely nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and annulus fibrosus; wherein the compact bone of cervical vertebra, the end plate, the growth plate and the fiber ring of the fiber ring are simulated by a shell unit, and the ligament is simulated by a membrane unit. The soft tissue models are cervical muscle, fat, spinal cord and skin models, wherein the muscle models include trapezius, brachiocephalus, hemispinatus, rectus cephalus, and inferior oblique cephalus, among others. Muscles and fat are simulated with hexahedral cells and skin with shell cells.
In the present invention, the detailed anatomical structure of the constructed thoracoabdominal finite element model, as shown in fig. 4, includes thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilage, sternum, spinal cord, intervertebral disc, heart, lung, diaphragm, trachea, blood vessels, esophagus, stomach, liver, spleen, kidney, large intestine, small intestine, bladder, skin, ligament and muscle model with real anatomical structure. Cancellous bone, internal organs and muscles are simulated by solid units, ligaments are simulated by membrane units, and compact bone, skin and end plates of bones are simulated by shell units.
Wherein the finite element model of the upper limb comprises a clavicle, a scapula, a humerus, an ulna, a radius and a muscle model with a real anatomical structure, as shown in fig. 5.
The lower limb finite element model includes hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula, foot bone, hip joint, knee joint, foot joint, myelinated muscle, thigh muscle, calf muscle and foot muscle, as shown in fig. 6.
In the invention, the material parameters of the tissues of the children are obtained by scaling the material parameters of the tissues of the adults. For example, the inventor proposes a formula of scaling coefficient of elasticity modulus of spongy bone of thoracolumbar vertebra of children, as shown in formula (1), wherein lambdacIs the scaling coefficient of the elastic modulus of the spongy bone of the thoracic vertebra and the lumbar vertebra of the children, NcFor the age of the child, NcThe age of an adult.
In the embodiment, based on the constructed finite element Model of standing posture of the six-year-old child, referring to the requirements of the Pedestrian natural walking posture Model of the six-year-old child in the technical bulletin Pedestrian Human Model Certification (TB024) issued by euron ap 11 month 2017, a posture definition diagram of the Pedestrian natural walking posture Model of the six-year-old child based on Euro NCAP is shown in fig. 7.
In FIG. 7, PX-heel longitudinal distance, PY-anterior-posterior heel transverse distance, ACz-AC point height from ground, K-upper right leg angle, L-upper left leg angle, G-upper right knee flexion angle, H-upper left knee flexion angle, T-upper right arm angle, U-upper left arm angle, V-upper right elbow flexion angle, W-upper left elbow flexion angle, HCx-head centroid distance in x direction relative to AC point, HCz-head centroid distance in z direction relative to ground, related meshes such as skin, fat and joint capsule ligament in a certain range at each joint of the standing posture model are deleted in Hypermesh software, the angles of each joint of the six-year-old child pedestrian standing posture model are adjusted to be consistent with the angles of the six-year-old pedestrian walking posture in TB024 report by using rotate and traslate command tools according to precise definitions of each parameter in FIG. 7, the angles of each joint of the six-year-old child pedestrian standing posture model are adjusted to be consistent with each other within allowable tolerance ranges, the joint angle adjustment range, the joint angle adjustment is carried out, the weight adjustment process of PY-X-P-X-Y transverse distance, the X-Y posture adjustment model is shown in the drawing, the drawing is shown as a weight diagram, the drawing.
According to the invention, the muscle geometric model with a detailed real anatomical structure is extracted one by one according to CT medical image data, but an equivalent muscle is generated through non-integral extraction (the integral extraction muscle model is mostly adopted in the existing human finite element model), so that the biological simulation degree of the six-year-old child is ensured from the perspective of geometric data, and the model can be used for predicting the muscle injury of the child. For example, in the present invention, the extracted geometric model of the breast muscle includes pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, intercostal, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid, erector spinae, and diaphragm. The muscle models constructed one by one in the invention include, but are not limited to, trapezius, pincer capitis, hemispinatus capitis, rectus cephalus, inferior oblique head, etc.; including the medullary, thigh, calf and foot muscles.
In the invention, detailed internal organs of the abdomen of the child are extracted and constructed, the internal organs of the abdomen of the child, including but not limited to liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder and the like, are subjected to detailed distinguishing extraction and gridding division, and detailed boundary distinguishing, extraction and model construction are carried out, but the internal organs of the abdomen are not taken as a whole to be extracted. Therefore, the biological simulation degree of the child model can be ensured, and the model can predict specific internal organ injury in collision injury research application.
According to the invention, the adjustment of the angles of all joints of the pedestrian walking posture model is improved, the angles of main joints (shoulder joints and hip joints) are preferentially adjusted according to the hierarchical relation of all joints, the angles of auxiliary joints (elbow joints and knee joints) are adjusted, and the angles of other joints (wrist joints and ankle joints) are adjusted, so that the accuracy and the rapidity of model adjustment are ensured.
The finite element model for the natural walking posture of the child pedestrian has the characteristics of detailed anatomical structure, outstanding physiological characteristics of the child in six years, high model grid quality and the like, and is suitable for evaluation of a pedestrian protection system in an Euro NCAP pedestrian test protocol.
The invention is suitable for a six-year-old child pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model of Euro NCAP, and comprises a muscle model which is constructed one by one, a finite element model which is divided and constructed in detail according to boundaries of all internal organs of the abdomen, and a ligament model which is constructed by adopting two-dimensional shell unit simulation.
The differences between the present invention and the prior art include, but are not limited to, the following:
the invention is applicable to a construction system of a child pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model with detailed anatomical structure of Euro NCAP, as shown in FIG. 13, the system comprises: the system comprises a geometric reconstruction module, a finite element model building module and a pedestrian posture-walking finite element model building module for the six-year-old children. The six-year-old child pedestrian posture finite element model building module is used for building a six-year-old child pedestrian natural posture finite element model which is suitable for EuroNCAP and has a detailed anatomical structure.
The geometric reconstruction module is used for obtaining a geometric model with physiological structure characteristics of a six-year-old child; it includes: the system comprises an information extraction module for extracting CT image information of children aged six, a determination module for extracting threshold values used by tissues of a human body, a three-dimensional geometric extraction module for extracting geometric models of the tissues of the human body, and a module for correcting the primarily extracted geometric models and dividing curved surface slices.
The finite element model building module is used for building a pedestrian whole-person standing posture finite element model of a six-year-old child with a detailed anatomical structure; it includes: the system comprises a setting module for setting the division of the grid, the quality inspection of the grid, the definition of contact, material parameters, unit attributes and other boundary conditions, a verification module for verifying the biological simulation degree of the local finite element model and a connection module for connecting the whole person model.
The six-year-old child pedestrian posture finite element model construction module is used for constructing a six-year-old child pedestrian natural posture finite element model which is suitable for Euro NCAP and has a detailed anatomical structure, and comprises the following steps of: the system comprises a processing module for deleting and redrawing related grids at each joint, an adjusting module for adjusting joint angles and network repartitioning at the joints, and a module for supplementing grids of deleted parts by common nodes.
As shown in fig. 14, in the present invention, it is considered that the medical image is normally obtained in the state that the child lies down, however, there is a large difference between the physiological curvatures (cervical curvature, thoracic curvature, lumbar curvature, and sacral curvature) of the spine of the child in the state that the child lies down and stands up, respectively. Therefore, in order to obtain a child pedestrian model with higher biological simulation degree, the invention provides a spine physiological curvature adjusting method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a six-year-old child pedestrian spine bending curve from the anatomy of a child, measuring the length from a posterior tubercle of the atlas to a sacral median crest, obtaining a new curve according to the measured length scaling curve, selecting a plurality of points on the new curve, corresponding to the rear points of the upper end surfaces of vertebral bodies from the second cervical vertebra to the fifth lumbar vertebra one by one, and adjusting the positions of the vertebrae through rotation and translation, thereby obtaining a spine model which accords with the physiological curvature of the child pedestrian.
As shown in fig. 15, a in the figure indicates that the physiological curvature curve of the spine of the six-year-old child is obtained from the anatomy, B indicates that the physiological curvature curve of the spine of the six-year-old child is obtained by zooming, and C indicates that the physiological curvature curve of the spine of the six-year-old child is obtained by rotational adjustment.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method of a pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model for a six-year-old child of Euro NCAP, the construction method comprising:
step 1): performing geometric reconstruction;
acquiring human body cross section scanning image information of a six-year-old child by using a CT scanner; extracting the anatomical contour characteristics of each tissue structure of a human body by a threshold segmentation method to generate a three-dimensional geometric model of each tissue structure; then trimming and dividing the three-dimensional geometric model into curved pieces to obtain a geometric model which accords with the anthropometry standard and has physiological structure characteristics of the six-year-old child;
step 2): constructing a finite element model;
carrying out mesh division on the three-dimensional geometric model which is obtained in the previous step and accords with the anthropometry standard and has physiological structure characteristics of the six-year-old child, and then endowing material properties to each tissue of the geometric model and setting corresponding contact to construct a human body local finite element model; the human body local finite element model comprises a human body local finite element model of a head, a neck, a chest and abdomen part, an upper limb and a lower limb; then, validity verification is carried out; obtaining a pedestrian whole-person standing posture finite element model of a six-year-old child with a detailed anatomical structure through common nodes;
step 3): constructing a pedestrian posture finite element model of a six-year-old child;
based on the following definitions that the longitudinal distance Px between heels is 202mm, the transverse distance Py between the heels is 92mm, the height ACz of AC relative to the ground is 564mm, and the joint angles are defined as K: 88 degrees, L: 101 degrees, G: 166 degrees, H: 172 degrees, T: 97 degrees, U: 70 degrees, V: 136 degrees and W: 167 degrees, grid deletion and redrawing are carried out on the related adjusted parts on the basis of the step 2), and a natural walking posture finite element model of the six-year-old child is constructed;
then, defining parameters of all postures of a pedestrian walking posture model of a six-year-old child in a pedestrian model authentication technology report based on Euro NCAP, deleting units at corresponding joints, and adjusting corresponding angles; the method comprises the steps of adjusting joint angles, dividing meshes at joints again, and completing the meshes of deleted parts through common nodes to obtain a pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model which is suitable for Euro NCAP and has a detailed anatomical structure and used for six-year-old children.
2. The method for constructing the pedestrian natural walking finite element model of the six-year-old child according to claim 1, wherein the Euro NCAP pedestrian model certification technology reports the posture defining parameters of the pedestrian walking model of the six-year-old child, including a longitudinal distance Px between heels of 199mm, a transverse distance Py between heels of 152mm, a height ACz of an AC relative to the ground of 640mm, and joint angles of K: 87 °, L: 103 °, G: 166 °, H: 177 °, T: 98 °, U: 69 °, V: 140 ° and W: 164 °.
3. The method for constructing the finite element model of the pedestrian natural walking posture of the six-year-old child according to claim 1, wherein a spine physiological curvature adjusting method is further adopted in the step 1), and the method comprises the following steps: selecting a 6-year-old child pedestrian spine bending curve from the anatomy of a child, measuring the length from an atlas posterior nodule to a sacral median crest from child image data, zooming the selected spine bending curve according to the measured length to obtain a new curve, selecting a plurality of points on the new curve, corresponding to the rear points of the upper end surfaces of vertebral bodies from a second cervical vertebra to a fifth lumbar vertebra one by one, adjusting the positions of the geometric models of the vertebras through rotation and translation, and observing and measuring the clearance of vertebral joints simultaneously to ensure that the clearance value is greater than zero and the intervertebral joints do not interfere, thereby obtaining the spine model which accords with the physiological curvature of the child pedestrian.
4. The method for constructing the finite element model of the pedestrian natural walking posture of the six-year-old child according to claim 1, wherein in the method for constructing the finite element model, the boundary of each internal organ of the abdomen is distinguished, extracted and divided into grids; the various internal organs of the abdomen include the liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, large intestine, small intestine and bladder.
5. The method for constructing the finite element model of the pedestrian natural walking posture of the six-year-old child according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the adjustment priority of each joint angle in the pedestrian walking posture model is as follows: firstly, adjusting the angles of main joints, wherein the main joints refer to shoulder joints and hip joints; secondly, adjusting the angle of an auxiliary joint, wherein the auxiliary joint refers to an elbow joint and a knee joint; and finally, adjusting the angles of other joints, wherein the other joints refer to wrist joints and ankle joints.
6. The method for constructing the finite element model of the pedestrian natural walking posture of the six-year-old child as claimed in claim 1, wherein the muscle geometric model is constructed one by one to reproduce the interaction among the muscles; abdominal internal organs are distinguished in detail, a model is built, the interaction of internal organs is simulated, and internal injury parts are predicted; and simulating a ligament model by using a two-dimensional membrane unit, and simulating the biomechanical response of transverse injury of the ligament.
7. A construction system of a finite element model of natural walking posture of children and pedestrians, which is characterized by adopting the construction method as claimed in claim 1, and the system comprises:
the geometric reconstruction module is used for obtaining a geometric model with physiological structure characteristics of the six-year-old child;
the finite element model building module is used for building a pedestrian whole-person standing posture finite element model of a six-year-old child with a detailed anatomical structure;
the pedestrian walking posture finite element model building module for the six-year-old children is used for building a pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model which is suitable for the Euro NCAP and has a detailed anatomical structure.
8. The construction system of finite element models of natural walking postures of children and pedestrians as claimed in claim 7,
wherein the geometric reconstruction module comprises:
the CT image information extraction module is used for extracting CT image information of children of six years old;
the threshold value determining module is used for determining threshold values used for extracting various tissues of the human body;
the extraction module of the three-dimensional geometric model is used for extracting geometric models of various tissues of the human body;
the trimming and curved surface piece dividing module is used for correcting the preliminarily extracted three-dimensional geometric model and dividing a curved surface piece;
wherein the finite element model building module comprises:
a setting module for the division of the mesh, the quality inspection of the mesh, the definition of contact, the setting of material parameters, cell properties and other boundary conditions;
the verification module is used for verifying the biological simulation degree of the local finite element model;
the connection module is used for connecting the whole human model;
wherein, six years old children pedestrian walks appearance finite element model construction module includes:
the grid deleting and redrawing processing module is used for deleting and redrawing related grids at each joint;
the adjusting module is used for adjusting the joint angle and network repartitioning at the joint;
and the common node completion module is used for completing the grids of the deleted part by common nodes.
9. A six-year-old child pedestrian natural walking posture finite element model suitable for Euro NCAP obtained by constructing the method according to the method of claim 1.
10. Use of a finite element model of the natural pedestrian posture of a six-year-old child adapted for Euro NCAP constructed by the method of claim 1 in CAE simulation calculations during evaluation of pedestrian protection systems in vehicles and vehicle development.
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| PCT/CN2019/095025 WO2020134019A1 (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2019-07-08 | Finite element model for natural walking postures of six-year-old child pedestrian which is applicable to euro ncap, construction method therefor and application thereof |
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