CN110955992A - Method and system for constructing finite element model of six-year-old child passenger and method and system for evaluating child restraint system - Google Patents
Method and system for constructing finite element model of six-year-old child passenger and method and system for evaluating child restraint system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a construction method of a finite element model of a passenger in six years old and a sitting posture adjusting method thereof. The invention also provides a method for evaluating the effectiveness of the child restraint system based on the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, which calculates the kinematic parameters of the neck, chest, abdomen, four limbs and other parts of the human body and the stress strain distribution condition of the kinematic parameters under a specific state through the units and the nodes with mechanical properties, accurately judges the deformation and damage conditions of different parts and internal tissues and organs of the human body, and judges the protection effect of the child restraint system on the child passenger so as to more finely evaluate the restraint systems of different types. And the damage mechanism of the passenger of the child in the age of six in the automobile collision accident is expected to be deeply researched, so that the restraint system is improved and optimized to achieve the optimal protection effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer numerical models and human injury biomechanics research methods, in particular to a method and a system for constructing a finite element model of a passenger in a six-year-old child and a method for evaluating a child restraint system by applying the model.
Background
The mechanism of injury is a description of the mechanical and physiological changes that cause impairment of human body functions, and the study of the mechanism of injury is the basis for understanding and learning the biomechanical discipline of injury. In order to fully understand the human body injury process and find a method for reducing or eliminating possible injuries to human tissue structures and functions in an impact environment, scholars at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research on the method, and common biomechanical research methods mainly comprise a cadaver experiment, a dummy model, a finite element model and the like. Due to the constraints of social ethics and laws and regulations, corpse experiment samples are difficult to obtain, most of the corpses are adult corpses, few and few children specimens exist, single corpse experiment data are not universal, and the mechanical properties of organs and tissues of corpses depend on the preservation technology and the storage time after death, so that the corpse experiment has some limitations. The dummy model is an indispensable part for carrying out an actual vehicle collision experiment, although the shape, the size and the mass distribution of the dummy model are consistent with the height of a human body, some dynamic parameters can be output only at a specific part where a sensor is installed, and the study on the damage mechanism of the human body in a traffic accident is very limited. With the continuous development of computer technology and finite element theory, the computer simulation model is widely applied in the field of automobile collision safety, and the collision process is simulated through the computer model, so that the human body response and the process of damage can be better understood. Some finite element models of children constructed at the present stage are mostly obtained by scaling finite element models of adults, but due to the difference of the children and the adults in the anatomical structure, the models obtained by scaling have great limitation in the geometric simulation degree, and the injury mechanism of the children in an accident cannot be accurately simulated.
The six-year-old children are in the watershed of growth and development, the skull sutures of the six-year-old children gradually disappear, and the cartilage parts of the sternum and the hip bone also gradually ossify to form a whole bone, which is a relatively special age stage. And it can be seen from the rate of injury of children in traffic accidents that children of this age are also most vulnerable to injury. Therefore, the six-year-old children are selected as research objects, and a sitting posture finite element model is constructed based on CT data of real six-year-old children volunteers, so that the injury mechanism of the children is researched.
Compared with adults, the skeleton of children is not completely developed and matured, the social cognitive ability is limited, and effective reaction and judgment cannot be made in time when an emergency occurs, so that the children are in a vulnerable group in a traffic accident and face a great injury risk. As a protection device, the child restraint system can limit the body deviation of a child in the automobile collision process and effectively reduce the injury of a wearer in a traffic accident, so that the research on the protection effect of the child restraint system is very necessary. At the present stage, the evaluation of the child restraint system is mainly implemented through dynamic tests, namely, corresponding dummy persons are respectively taken to carry out pulley tests according to product groups of the child restraint system, and the protection effect of the child restraint system on child passengers is examined by measuring the motion posture and injury indexes of the child dummy persons. Although the dummy model plays an important role in the evaluation of a restraint system, only a sensor arranged at a specific part of the dummy can output some dynamic parameters such as acceleration, acting force and the like, which is very limited for the representation of the damage condition of children, and the finite element model of the children can not only reduce the biomechanical response of a human body in the collision process to the maximum extent, but also accurately judge the damage condition according to the stress-strain distribution conditions of different parts. By outputting the child injury condition in more detail, the protection effect of the restraint system can be evaluated more accurately.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for constructing a finite element model of a passenger of a six-year-old child to overcome the defects of the prior art, which comprises the following steps:
step A: constructing a six-year-old child model through geometric reconstruction;
and in the step B, a method for adjusting the sitting posture of the geometric model of the six-year-old child comprises the steps of defining a horizontal axis passing through a rotation center of an elbow joint, a shoulder joint, a hip joint, a knee joint and an ankle joint of the geometric model of the six-year-old child as a rotation axis, rotating the geometric models of the small arm, the upper limb, the trunk, the lower limb, the lower leg and the foot part to basically accord with the human sitting posture control angle, adjusting the geometric models of muscles, skins and the like of the elbow joint, the shoulder joint, the hip joint, the knee joint and the ankle joint to enable the structures of the joints to accord with the human sitting posture anatomical characteristics, and obtaining the geometric model of the six-year-old child passenger, wherein the parameters of the human sitting posture are that the vertical distance Hz from a cross point to a heel point is 127-405 mm, the back angle β is 20-75 degrees, the included angle gamma between the trunk and the thigh is 90-115 degrees, the foot angle α is 95-.
And C: adjusting the physiological curvature of the spine of the six-year-old child model, comprising the following sub-steps:
step C1: and acquiring the spine physiological curve of the standard sitting posture. The standard sitting posture spine curve is a spine curve which accords with the bending angle of the spine of the child in the anatomy of the child;
step C1 is to obtain the physiological curve of spine by referring to the standard sitting spine picture, taking the tracing points at the middle position of the front half part of each vertebral body, and connecting the tracing points by using the sample strip curve.
Step C2: adjusting the spine physiological curve of the standard sitting posture to obtain the spine physiological curve of the child in the six years old; the method comprises the following substeps:
step C21: a sitting posture spine model is obtained through CT scanning image extraction, and a spine physiological curve of the standard sitting posture is translated to the spine model by taking the middle point of the front half part of the sacrum of the spine as a first reference point;
in step C21, the spine geometric model extracted from the lying posture CT scan image of the six-year-old child is rotated by 70 ° in the counterclockwise direction around the midpoint of the sacrum anterior half of the spine, and the sitting posture spine model is obtained by adjustment.
Step C22: scaling the spine physiological curve of the standard sitting position to be the same as the spine model according to the first reference point;
step C23: defining the center of the atlas anterior nodule as a second reference point, respectively forming two straight lines through the first reference point, the second reference point and the upper and lower end points of the spine physiological curve of the standard sitting posture, and measuring to obtain an angle between the straight lines;
step C24: and rotating the zoomed spine physiological curve around the clockwise direction according to the reference point and the spine model, so that the upper end point of the adjusted spine physiological curve is coincided with the second reference point, and the spine physiological curve of the six-year-old child is obtained.
Step C3: according to the spine physiological curve of the six-year-old child, adjusting the spine physiological curvature of the six-year-old child model;
in step C3, referring to the spine physiological curve of the six-year-old child, translating and rotating the spine and the sacrum according to the adjustment principle of physiological curvature of the anterior cervical region, the posterior thoracic region, the anterior lumbar region, and the posterior sacral region, wherein the adjustment principle is to ensure not only the fit relationship between the vertebrae and the spine, but also the curvature of the entire spine; the middle points of the intersection lines of the spine and the sacrum of the child and the middle sagittal plane are positioned on the physiological curve of the spine of the six-year-old child by the translation, the adjacent spine and the sacrum are not interfered by the rotation, and finally the sitting posture spine model of the six-year-old child is obtained. The adjustment process in step C3 is directly performed on the geometric model of the six-year-old child in step a, so that the spine in the geometric model of the six-year-old child is constructed without replacing the geometric reconstruction with the adjusted spine model.
Step C4, adjustment of other parts of the chest: adjusting the thoracic cavity according to the costal joints and the costal transverse process joints to meet the anatomical morphology of the thoracic cavity; according to the anatomical principle of the muscular science, the positions of the infraspinatus muscle, the subscapularis muscle, the pectoralis major muscle, the pectoralis minor muscle, the serratus anterior muscle, the intercostal muscle, the erector spinalis muscle and the external oblique muscle are translated and rotated in angle by referring to the starting and stopping points of the muscles on the bones and the contraction or stretching state of the muscles in the sitting posture, so that the anatomical structure conforms to the human sitting posture.
And D, meshing the geometric model of the passenger of the child aged six and constructing a finite element model of the passenger of the child aged six.
In the invention, in the process of subdividing the grids, penetration and interference do not occur among the grids.
Based on the method, the invention also provides a system for constructing a finite element model of a passenger of a six-year-old child, which comprises the following steps:
the geometric reconstruction module is used for constructing a six-year-old child model through geometric reconstruction;
the sitting posture adjusting module is used for adjusting the sitting posture of the geometric model of the six-year-old child to obtain the geometric model of the passenger of the six-year-old child;
the spine physiological curve adjusting module is used for adjusting the spine physiological curve of the geometric model of the six-year-old child;
and the finite element model building module is used for building the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger.
The invention also provides a finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger constructed by the method.
The invention also provides a child restraint system evaluation method based on the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, which comprises the following steps:
step I: securing a child restraint system to the car seat;
step II: placing a finite element model of a six-year-old child passenger in a safety seat, and then carrying out translation and rotation commands on the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger to adjust the relative position of the finite element model and the safety seat so as to ensure that the finite element model is in contact with a cushion and a backrest of the safety seat and no contact force exists between the finite element model and the backrest in a single gravity field; constructing a five-point safety belt according to the positions of finite element models of an automobile seat, a safety seat and a six-year-old child passenger, and carrying out a translation command on the constructed five-point safety belt to ensure that a shoulder belt of the five-point safety belt is attached to the chest of the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, a waistband of the five-point safety belt is attached to the abdomen of the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, and the five-point safety belt is ensured not to be penetrated through the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, and finally, pre-tightening force or pre-tightening;
step III: applying corresponding constraint and boundary conditions to the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, establishing a self-contact type for the finite element model, establishing a point-surface contact type between the finite element model and the automobile seat, the safety seat and the safety belt model, and setting a contact thickness; the process can ensure that in the simulation process, interaction force can be generated between different units which are in contact with each other, so that different finite element models can be in effective contact with each other.
Step IV: according to the test standards of the child restraint system under different working conditions in the regulation, applying an initial collision speed and deceleration curve, and simulating a trolley collision experiment;
step V: outputting dynamic parameters of head and neck, thoracoabdominal and four-limb parts of the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, such as head mass center combined acceleration a1Chest acceleration a2Neck axial force Fz, neck shear force Fx, neck moment My, etc. And stress-strain distribution conditions of corresponding parts, such as VonMises stress, shear stress, maximum principal strain and the like of brain tissues, corpus callosum, skull, ribs, muscle tissues and the like. And then comprehensively evaluating the child restraint system according to the output damage data values and the damage threshold values of different parts.
Based on the method, the invention also provides a child restraint system evaluation system based on the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, which comprises the following steps:
a restraint module for securing a child restraint system to a car seat;
the adjusting module is used for placing a finite element model of a passenger of a six-year-old child in the safety seat, then adjusting the position of the finite element model of the passenger of the six-year-old child to ensure that the passenger of the six-year-old child is in contact with a cushion and a backrest of the safety seat, and no contact force exists between the passenger of the six-year-old child and the backrest in a single gravity field; constructing a five-point safety belt according to the positions of finite element models of an automobile seat, a safety seat and a six-year-old child passenger, adjusting the five-point safety belt to be attached to the finite element models, and setting pre-tightening force or pre-tightening displacement for the five-point safety belt;
the setting module is used for applying corresponding constraint and boundary conditions to a finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, establishing a self-contact type for the finite element model, establishing a point-surface contact type between the finite element model and a car seat, a safety seat and a five-point safety belt model, and setting a contact thickness;
the test module is used for applying an initial collision speed and deceleration curve according to the test standards of the child restraint system under different working conditions in the regulation and simulating a trolley collision experiment;
and the evaluation module is used for outputting the dynamic parameters of the head, neck, chest, abdomen and four limbs of the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger and the stress-strain distribution conditions of the corresponding parts, and then comprehensively evaluating the child restraint system according to all data.
The construction method of the finite element model of the passenger of the child in the six years old can overcome the defect of poor spinal physiological curvature simulation degree of the human body model extracted by the traditional CT data, and the finite element model of the passenger of the child with the real spinal physiological curvature is constructed and obtained by adopting the spinal physiological curvature curve adjusting method.
All units in the finite element model of the passenger of the six-year-old child have mechanical properties and can deform under the action of an acting force; all the nodes have mechanical properties and can move when being acted by force.
The method for evaluating the effectiveness of the child restraint system based on the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger calculates the stress-strain distribution condition of each part of a human body in a specific state through the units and the nodes with mechanical properties, accurately judges the deformation and damage conditions of different parts of the human body, and judges the protection effect of the child restraint system on the child passenger so as to carry out more detailed rating standards on different types of restraint systems. And the damage mechanism of the passenger of the child in the age of six in the automobile collision accident is expected to be deeply researched, so that the restraint system is improved and optimized to achieve the optimal protection effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a finite element model of a six year old child occupant for use in the present invention; wherein, (a) is a side view, and (b) is a front view.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of adjusting a geometric model of a spine.
FIG. 3 is a spinal curve obtained by stippling; wherein, (a) is a spine picture, and (b) is a spine curve.
FIG. 4 is a process for adjusting spinal physiological curves of a six-year-old child; wherein, (a) is a simple adjusted spine model; (b) to introduce Catia into the spine model and spine curve, (C) to translate the spine curve, (d) to zoom the spine curve, (e) to rotate the spine curve, and (f) to the final spine curve.
Fig. 5 is a vertebral column geometry model of a six year old adjusted sitting posture.
Fig. 6 shows the control angle of the human sitting posture.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the six year old child occupant of fig. 1 restrained in a forward facing safety seat.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an implementation method for evaluating a child restraint system.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method of constructing a finite element model of a six-year-old child occupant according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a child restraint system evaluation method of the present invention based on a finite element model of a six year old child occupant.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a finite element model construction system for a six year old child occupant in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a child restraint system evaluation system based on a finite element model of a six year old child occupant in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
In the invention, the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger is constructed based on real CT data of the six-year-old child passenger and has a detailed anatomical structure. The finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger comprises a head part, a neck part, a chest part, an abdomen part, an upper limb, a lower limb and other local finite element model structures, and in order to ensure the vivid biological simulation degree of the finite element model, the mechanical properties among tissues are effectively transmitted, and the tissues are also connected through common nodes. A detailed anatomical schematic of the various parts is shown in fig. 1.
Examples
Firstly, scanning the cross section of a six-year-old child by a CT scanner, then introducing the scanned picture into medical software MIMICS, and respectively extracting each part according to gray level thresholds of different organizational structures to generate a geometric model; then, introducing the geometric model into Geomagic to perform noise reduction and division of the curved surface pieces; then, grid division is carried out on the model in finite element preprocessing software Truegrid and Hypermesh, the quality of the grid is fully guaranteed in the grid division process, and all units are connected through a common node; and finally, importing the finite element model into simulation software Pam-Crash, giving corresponding attributes and material parameters to each part of the model and setting corresponding contact, so that the construction of a complete finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger is completed. Because children's CT data is at the in-process of scanning, and children are in the state of lying, and the physiology curvature and the position of sitting of its backbone have certain difference, consequently, in six years old children's position of sitting finite element model's construction process, the work of mainly accomplishing has the adjustment of model position of sitting travelling comfort and the adjustment of backbone physiology curvature, specifically as follows:
(1) adjustment of model sitting posture
The sitting posture of a human body is greatly changed along with different vehicle models, so that joint angles under a selected comfortable posture are greatly different, specifically, the sitting posture of the human body in a car is generally defined as that the vertical distance Hz from a cross point to a heel point is 127-405 mm, a back angle β is 20-75 degrees, a body and thigh included angle gamma is 90-115 degrees, a foot angle α is 95-130 degrees, and a knee angle delta is 90-145 degrees, a six-year-old children geometric model extracted based on CT is characterized in that a horizontal axis passing through the rotation centers of elbow joints, shoulder joints, hip joints, knee joints and ankle joints of the six-year-old children geometric model is defined as a rotating shaft, the geometric models of small arms, upper limbs, trunk, lower limbs, lower legs and foot parts are rotated to basically accord with the control angle of the human body, and then the geometric models of muscles, skins and the like at the elbow joints, shoulder joints, hip joints, knee joints, ankle joints and the like are adjusted to make structures accord with anatomical characteristics of passengers of the human body, so that the geometric model of the six-year-old children is obtained;
(2) adjustment of physiological curvature of spine
According to the existing experimental conditions, the CT scanning of the sitting posture of the child cannot be directly carried out, so that the physiological curvature of the spine needs to be adjusted by a tracing method according to the physiological anatomical structure of the child and the related laws, regulations and standards on the basis of the existing lying posture geometric model of a member of the six-year-old child. The spine has 4 physiological curvatures, depending on the physiological anatomy of the spine: namely cervical flexure, thoracic flexure, lumbar flexure and sacral flexure. For this reason, the principle of adjusting the curvature of the spine of a child should follow: not only the fit between the spine and the spine but also the curvature of the entire spine. Mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1): acquiring a spine physiological curve;
referring to a standard sitting spine image, the image was imported using the Sketch tracker module in Catia software, and then 1 point, i.e., a delineation point, 7 points for cervical vertebrae, 12 points for thoracic vertebrae, 5 points for lumbar vertebrae, and 1 point for sacrum were taken at the middle position of the anterior half of each vertebral body, for a total of 25 points. Then, 25 points are connected by using a spline curve to obtain the spine curve A of the picture.
Step 2): adjusting the spine curve of the child;
the spine model (as shown in fig. 4 a) simply adjusted from the lying position to the sitting position and the spine physiological curve just obtained are respectively led into the Catia assembly module, and are shown in fig. 4b after being led. The spinal curve is translated to the geometric model of the spine, curve B, using the mid-point R in the anterior sacral half of the spine as a reference point (as shown in fig. 4 c). The translated spine curve B is then scaled to the same size as the spine geometry model, curve C (as shown in fig. 4 d), using point R as a reference point, at 2.49995322. And then taking the point R as a reference point, and rotating the scaled spine curve C to a proper position around X by referring to the spine model to obtain a curve D (as shown in fig. 4 e). Finally, the rotated spine curve is finely adjusted to conform to the physiological anatomy, i.e. to satisfy 4 physiological curvatures, resulting in the spine curve of a six year old child as shown in fig. 4 f.
Step 3): adjusting the spine;
and (3) introducing the obtained spine curve and 25 points of the child into Hypermesh in an IGS format, finally referring to the spine curve and 25 points, finely adjusting the vertebral body and the sacrum by using translate and rotate commands in the Hypermesh according to the adjustment principle of the spine, and finally obtaining the six-year-old sitting posture spine geometric model of the child as shown in fig. 5.
Step 4): adjusting other parts of the chest;
the thoracic cavity is adjusted according to bone connection joints of ribs and vertebral bodies, namely a costovertebral joint and a costovertebral process joint, so that the thoracic cavity meets the anatomical shape of the upper thoracic cavity, namely the shape of a cone, the upper part is narrow, the lower part is wide, and the transverse diameter is larger than the front and rear diameters. After the thorax model is constructed, the spatial position of the breast muscle can change, and then according to the anatomical principle of the musculature, the contraction or stretching states of different muscles under the sitting posture condition and the starting and stopping points of the muscles on the bones are referred to, so that part of the muscles are properly adjusted, and the anatomical structure completely conforms to the sitting posture physiology of children. Therefore, the adjustment of the physiological curvature of the spine of the child is completed.
In the study, in a finite element model of a six-year-old child passenger, the sitting posture control angles are 205.97mm in vertical distance Hz from a cross point to a heel point, 33.52 in a backrest angle β, 102.77 in an included angle gamma between a trunk and a thigh, 102.37 in a foot angle α and 120.97 in a knee angle delta.
Child Restraint System (CRS) refers to a combination comprising a strap (or soft part) and a safety catch, adjustment means, connecting means, in some cases additional devices (portable bed, basket, additional seat), which can be fixed on a motor vehicle. It should be designed to reduce the risk of injury to the occupant by limiting the occupant's movement when the vehicle is involved in a collision or braking. The common restraint systems on the market at present have various models, the styles, the structures and the sizes of the restraint systems are different, the restraint systems are not classified by a unified standard, and only after strict tests, qualified restraint systems can be released into the market.
The evaluation method of the child restraint system mainly comprises static evaluation and dynamic evaluation. The static evaluation is evaluation of convenience of use such as instructions, identification, installation methods and convenience of use for children of the restraint system, and is generally scored by professionals according to a set of detailed evaluation standards, and the purpose of the evaluation is to enable enterprises to consider the restraint system as much as possible from the perspective of consumers when designing the restraint system, so that the consumers can conveniently know product information and correctly install and use the restraint system. The dynamic test is a dynamic pulley test according to corresponding regulations, the protection effect of the restraint system on children is measured by measuring the motion posture and specific injury indexes of a dummy for the children, quantitative test items in the current dynamic test are mainly measured by sensors arranged in the dummy, different evaluation indexes are provided for different groups of restraint systems for babies, infants and schoolchildren, and detailed evaluation indexes are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 evaluation index of child restraint system
As shown in Table 1, the constraint systems of different groups have different evaluation indexes under different working conditions, and the evaluation data of the constraint systems are mainly collected by sensors, such as acceleration, angular acceleration, force, displacement and the like, which are arranged at different parts of the dummy model. The skeleton part of the dummy model is made of metal and plastic, soft tissues made of foam or plastic are covered on the surface of the skeleton to serve as fat, the dummy model can be regarded as an equivalent model of a human body, although the motion characteristics of the human body in the collision process can be ensured to a certain extent, the dummy model does not separately divide and connect various tissues of organs, muscles, soft tissues and the like of the human body, and therefore the damage condition of the tissues of the human body in the collision process cannot be reduced. Therefore, in the process of evaluating the child restraint system by using the dummy model, only a simple grade division can be performed on the restraint system, and whether the restraint system can meet the release standard of the market or not can be judged. Obviously, this does not facilitate the development of a restraint system that is optimally protected.
The finite element model is a model established by using a finite element analysis method, and is a group of unit combinations which are connected at nodes, transmit acting force by the nodes and are only restrained at the nodes. All the elements in the finite element model of the six-year-old child occupant introduced in the study are connected by adopting common nodes, and the total number is 751510 nodes and 737729 elements, wherein 540508 individual elements and 197221 shell elements. In the process of simulation, each node and each unit are equivalent to a small multifunctional sensor, dynamic parameters such as speed, acceleration, acting force and moment can be output, stress strain values of any unit at any moment can be checked and output, and therefore indexes which can be used for reference are provided when the constraint system is evaluated. For example, when the protection effect of the child restraint system on the head of a child is evaluated, the commonly referenced indexes of the original dummy model are the head 3ms acceleration and the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), as long as the injury value does not exceed the threshold value specified by the regulation, the restraint system is generally considered to meet the market-release standard, and the HIC value is a comprehensive index for evaluating the head injury. However, it has been proved by the existing research that when the HIC value of the head does not reach the damage threshold, the stress-strain index of the brain tissue of the head of the child may exceed the damage threshold, and the brain tissue of the child may be irreversibly damaged. Obviously, the damage condition of the head cannot be accurately judged only by using the HIC value, but the stress strain index of the head cannot be output by using the dummy model in the prior art, and the requirement can be well met by using the finite element model.
Children's bones are not yet fully mature compared to adults, and are more likely to deform during collisions. Relevant research data also show that the pressure tightening effect of the safety belt can cause damage to the chest of the child and contusion to the skin in direct contact with the safety belt during emergency braking in the process of using the child restraint system, and the indexes cannot be reflected in the test process of using the dummy model. Through the finite element model, the compression amount of the safety belt on any part of the chest and abdomen part during collision can be measured, and stress strain values of any tissue organ are included, so that related parameters of the safety belt in the child restraint system can be improved and optimized. By using the finite element model, the material parameters, the shape structure and the like of the constraint system can be modified in simulation software, and the protection effect of different materials and structures on children is compared, which is also a convenient condition that the dummy model is not used.
As shown in fig. 7, the adjusted finite element model of the six-year-old child occupant of the present invention is placed in a forward type safety seat finite element model and fixed on a car seat to simulate the protection effect of a restraint system on the child occupant in a real collision accident. The forward type safety seat finite element model is characterized in that a certain type of safety seat is subjected to three-dimensional scanning, grids are divided in HyperMesh14.0, corresponding materials and attributes are given in a Pam-crash 2012, and the forward type safety seat finite element model can be used as a child restraint system to be evaluated. The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the fixing mode of different types of child restraint systems, the complete child restraint system is fixed on the automobile seat by using a LATCH or ISOFIX fixing method.
(2) Placing the adjusted finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger in the safety seat, and firstly, roughly placing the child model in the safety seat according to the relative position of the two models; then, the position of the child model is properly adjusted to ensure that the child model is in contact with the seat cushion, the backrest and the like of the safety seat, and no contact force exists between the child model and the seat cushion and the backrest in a single gravity field; and then constructing a five-point safety belt by using a Pam-crash 2012 simulation software self-contained module according to the positions of the automobile seat, the child safety seat and the child model, properly adjusting the five-point safety belt to enable the five-point safety belt to be completely attached to the child model, and setting corresponding pretightening force or pretightening displacement for the safety belt.
(3) Applying corresponding constraint and boundary conditions to the simulation model, establishing a self-contact type for the child model, establishing a point-surface contact type between the child model and models such as an automobile seat, a child safety seat and a safety belt, and setting corresponding contact thickness.
(4) According to the test standards of the child restraint system under different working conditions such as front collision, rear collision, side collision and the like in the laws and regulations, an initial collision speed and deceleration curve is applied to simulate a trolley collision experiment.
(5) And outputting dynamic parameters such as head center-of-mass combined acceleration, neck shearing force, neck axial force, neck moment, chest acceleration, chest and abdomen compression amount and the like of the finite element model of the child, and distribution conditions of stress strain cloud maps such as Von Mises stress, shearing stress, maximum principal strain and the like of brain tissues, calluses, craniums, ribs, muscle tissues and the like, and then evaluating and scoring the restraint system according to the collected data values to evaluate the protection effect of the restraint system by 4 grades such as excellence, good, medium, passing and failing.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (11)
1. A method for constructing a finite element model of a six-year-old child passenger is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step A: constructing a geometric model of the six-year-old child through geometric reconstruction;
and B: adjusting the geometric model of the six-year-old child to obtain a sitting posture geometric model;
and C: adjusting the physiological curvature of the spine of the geometric model of the six-year-old child, comprising the following sub-steps of:
step C1: by referring to a standard sitting posture spine picture, drawing points are taken at the middle position of the front half part of each vertebral body, and the drawing points are connected by using a sample strip curve to obtain a spine physiological curve of the standard sitting posture spine picture; the standard sitting posture spine curve is a spine curve which accords with the bending angle of the spine of the child in the anatomy of the child;
step C2: adjusting the spine physiological curve of the standard sitting posture to obtain the spine physiological curve of the child in the six years old;
step C3: according to the spine physiological curve of the six-year-old child, adjusting the spine physiological curvature of the geometric model of the six-year-old child;
step C4: adjusting other parts of the chest;
step D: and carrying out meshing on the geometric model of the six-year-old child passenger and constructing to obtain a finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger.
2. The method for constructing the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step B, the method for adjusting the sitting posture of the six-year-old child geometric model comprises the steps of defining a horizontal axis passing through a rotation center of an elbow joint, a shoulder joint, a hip joint, a knee joint and an ankle joint of the six-year-old child geometric model as a rotation axis, rotating the geometric models of a small arm, an upper arm, a trunk, a lower limb, a calf and a foot part to enable the geometric models to basically accord with the human sitting posture control angle, adjusting the geometric models of muscles, skins and the like of the elbow joint, the shoulder joint, the hip joint, the knee joint and the ankle joint to enable the structures of the joints to accord with the human sitting posture anatomical characteristics, and obtaining the six-year-old child passenger geometric model, wherein the human sitting posture parameters include that a vertical distance Hz from a cross point to a heel point is 127-405 mm, a back angle β is 20-75 degrees, a trunk-thigh included angle γ is 90-115 degrees, and a foot angle α is 95-145 degrees.
3. The method of constructing a finite element model of an occupant of a six-year-old child of claim 1, wherein step C2 comprises:
step C21: b, adjusting to obtain a spine model in the sitting posture geometric model, and translating the spine physiological curve of the standard sitting posture to the spine model by taking the middle point of the front half part of the sacrum of the spine as a first reference point;
step C22: scaling the spine physiological curve of the standard sitting position to be the same as the spine model according to the first reference point;
step C23: defining the center of the atlas anterior nodule as a second reference point, respectively forming two straight lines through the first reference point, the second reference point and the upper and lower end points of the spine physiological curve of the standard sitting posture, and measuring to obtain an angle between the straight lines;
step C24: and rotating the zoomed spine physiological curve clockwise according to the reference point and the spine model, so that the upper end point of the adjusted spine physiological curve is coincided with the second reference point, and the spine physiological curvature of the six-year-old child is obtained.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in step C21, the vertebral column geometry model extracted from the recumbent CT scan of the six-year-old child is rotated 70 degrees around the middle point of the anterior sacral half of the vertebral column, and the vertebral column model is adjusted to a sitting position.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step C3, the spine and the sacrum are translated and rotated according to the adjustment principle of the physiological curvature of the cervical spine, the posterior thoracic spine, the anterior lumbar spine and the posterior sacral spine, which is to ensure the matching relationship between the spine and the intervertebral and the curvature of the whole spine, with reference to the physiological curve of the spine of the six-year-old child; the middle points of the intersection lines of the spine and the sacrum of the child and the middle sagittal plane are positioned on the physiological curve of the spine of the six-year-old child by the translation, the adjacent spine and the sacrum are not interfered by the rotation, and finally the sitting posture spine model of the six-year-old child is obtained.
6. The method of constructing a finite element model of an occupant of a six-year-old child of claim 1, wherein said step C4, adjustment of other parts of the thorax:
adjusting the thoracic cavity according to the costal joints and the costal transverse process joints to meet the anatomical morphology of the thoracic cavity; according to the anatomical principle of the muscular science, the positions of the infraspinatus muscle, the subscapularis muscle, the pectoralis major muscle, the pectoralis minor muscle, the serratus anterior muscle, the intercostal muscle, the erector spinalis muscle and the external oblique muscle are translated and rotated in angle by referring to the starting and stopping points of the muscles on the bones and the contraction or stretching state of the muscles in the sitting posture, so that the anatomical structure conforms to the human sitting posture.
7. The method of constructing a finite element model of a six-year-old child passenger as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step D, the geometric model of the six-year-old child passenger obtained in step C is subjected to meshing and adjustment, and finally a finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger is obtained; the skeleton, brain, internal organs, muscle and fat structures in the model are simulated by adopting hexahedral solid grid units, and the structures of the sickle, the cerebellum, the end plate, the ligament and the skin tissue are simulated by adopting shell units; the bones and muscles are connected by fascia common nodes, and the internal organs of the chest and abdomen define boundary conditions by arranging surface-to-surface contact.
8. A system for constructing a finite element model of a six-year-old child occupant, using the construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the system comprising:
the geometric reconstruction module is used for constructing a geometric model of the six-year-old child through geometric reconstruction;
the sitting posture adjusting module is used for adjusting the sitting posture of the geometric model of the six-year-old child to obtain the geometric model of the passenger of the six-year-old child;
the spine physiological curve adjusting module is used for adjusting the spine physiological curvature of the geometric model of the six-year-old child;
and the finite element model building module is used for building the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger.
9. A finite element model of a six year old child occupant constructed according to the construction method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A method for evaluating a child restraint system based on a finite element model constructed according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising:
step I: securing a child restraint system to the car seat;
step II: placing a finite element model of a six-year-old child passenger in a safety seat, and then carrying out translation and rotation commands on the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger to adjust the relative position of the finite element model and the safety seat so as to ensure that the finite element model is in contact with a cushion and a backrest of the safety seat and no contact force exists between the finite element model and the backrest in a single gravity field; constructing a five-point safety belt according to the positions of finite element models of an automobile seat, a safety seat and a six-year-old child passenger, carrying out a translation command on the five-point safety belt, so that a shoulder belt of the five-point safety belt is attached to the chest of the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, a waistband of the five-point safety belt is attached to the abdomen of the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, ensuring that no penetration occurs between the five-point safety belt and the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, and finally setting a pretightening force or pretightening displacement on the five-point safety belt;
step III: applying corresponding constraint and boundary conditions to the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, establishing a self-contact type for the finite element model, establishing a point-surface contact type between the finite element model and the automobile seat, the safety seat and the safety belt model, and setting a contact thickness; the process can ensure that the different units which are mutually contacted can generate interaction force in the simulation process, so that the different finite element models can be effectively contacted;
step IV: according to the test standards of the child restraint system under different working conditions in the regulation, applying an initial collision speed and deceleration curve, and simulating a trolley collision experiment;
step V: outputting the head, neck, chest and abdomen of the finite element model of the six-year-old child passengerThe dynamic parameters of the four limbs and the stress-strain distribution conditions of the corresponding parts are calculated, and then the child restraint system is comprehensively evaluated according to the output damage data values and the damage thresholds of different parts; the kinetic parameters include: combined acceleration of head center of mass a1Chest acceleration a2Neck axial force Fz, neck shearing force Fx and neck moment My; the stress-strain distribution comprises: von Mises stress, shear stress, maximum principal strain value of brain tissue, corpus callosum, skull, rib, each muscle tissue.
11. A child restraint system evaluation system based on a finite element model of a six year old child occupant, characterized in that the evaluation method of claim 10 is used, the system comprising:
a restraint module for securing a child restraint system to a car seat;
the adjusting module is used for placing the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger in the safety seat, then adjusting the position of the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger to ensure that the finite element model is in contact with a cushion and a backrest of the safety seat, and no contact force exists between the finite element model and the backrest in a single gravity field; constructing a five-point safety belt according to the positions of finite element models of an automobile seat, a safety seat and a six-year-old child passenger, adjusting the five-point safety belt to be attached to the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, and setting pretightening force or pretightening displacement for the five-point safety belt;
the setting module is used for applying corresponding constraint and boundary conditions to the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, establishing a self-contact type for the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger, establishing a point-surface contact type between the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger and the models of the automobile seat, the safety seat and the safety belt, and setting a contact thickness;
the test module is used for applying an initial collision speed and deceleration curve according to the test standards of the child restraint system under different working conditions in the regulation and simulating a trolley collision experiment;
and the evaluation module is used for outputting the dynamic parameters of the head, neck, chest, abdomen and four limbs of the finite element model of the six-year-old child passenger and the stress-strain distribution conditions of the corresponding parts, and then comprehensively evaluating the child restraint system according to all data.
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