CN111443409A

CN111443409A - Sensor dimming sheet and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111443409A
Application number: CN201910933604.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐海江; 夏寅; 刘志鹏; 薛永富; 李兵军; 付坤; 王小凯; 李刚; 张彦
Original assignee: Ningbo Exciton Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Ningbo Exciton Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-05-24
Filing date: 2019-09-29
Publication date: 2020-07-24

Abstract

The invention relates to a dimming sheet based on volume scattering, in particular to a sensor dimming sheet and a preparation method thereof. The invention provides a sensor dimming sheet and a preparation method thereof, aiming at realizing the regulation and control of input light and enabling the output light to meet the Lambert shape. The sensor dimming sheet comprises a dimming layer and a substrate, wherein the dimming layer is arranged on one surface of the substrate; the light modulation layer and the substrate are both provided with a light incident surface and a light emergent surface; the dimming layer comprises a light scattering agent, the light scattering agent is arranged between the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the dimming layer, and the filling rate D' of the light scattering agent in the dimming layer is 0.01-0.85. The light adjusting sheet realizes standardized regulation and control of input light, so that the output light meets the Lambert body form, and the application level of the sensor is reached.

Description

Sensor dimming sheet and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a dimming sheet based on volume scattering, in particular to a sensor dimming sheet and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Conventional optical films have specific optical coatings, but none have produced high purity bulk scattering, such as:

(1) the diffusion particle layer generates multiple refraction and reflection on the surface and inside of the diffusion particle by light to generate diffusion with geometric optical scale, and generates enough refractive index difference between the geometric shape of the diffusion particle exposed above the glue layer and air to expand the optical bending amplitude and strengthen the diffusion effect, such as diffusion, atomization, anti-dazzle and the like. Such optical coatings have some bulk scattering but strong surface scattering due to the particles being partially embedded in the glue layer.

(2) The micro-replication structure layer utilizes light to generate light distribution regulation of geometric optical dimension by multiple refraction and reflection on the surface and inside of the microstructure, and utilizes the microstructure and air to generate enough refractive index difference to strengthen regulation and control effects, such as increasing brightness, controlling visual angle or directional light guiding. Such optical coatings have no bulk scattering, or can be considered to be very weak.

(3) The particle-free coating/plating layer, i.e. the coating/plating layer without particles, utilizes the surface properties (such as hardness, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity), thickness, refractive index matching and the like of the coating/plating layer to realize specific functions, such as scratch resistance, antifogging, antifouling, reflection increasing, reflection reducing, wavelength selection, polarization selection and the like. However, such optics do not provide dispersion regulation.

(4) Conventional bulk scattering coatings, in none of the prior art solutions, emphasize control of surface scattering interference to achieve high purity bulk scattering light, nor recognize the advantages of high purity bulk scattering regulation.

In fact, the high-purity volume scattering can realize more stable and accurate regulation and control of output light, and is particularly suitable to be used as a standard signal source of an optical sensor after realizing the Lambert shape, namely reaching the application level of the sensor. Which conventional diffusion membranes cannot achieve.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a further solution to the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a sensor dimming sheet and a preparation method thereof, aiming at realizing the regulation and control of input light and enabling the output light to meet the Lambert shape. The light adjusting sheet realizes standardized regulation and control of input light, so that the output light meets the Lambert body form, and the application level of the sensor is reached. The light adjusting sheet can adjust and control the light beam shape and direction of output light, so that the light intensity distribution curve of the output light forms a graph in a coordinate system (a plane rectangular coordinate system or a polar coordinate system), and the interference of scattering of a light adjusting layer and the surface of a substrate is reduced. The light adjusting sheet realizes the standardized regulation and control of environment light with variable incident angles, enables transmission output light to meet the Lambert form, strictly controls the interference of surface scattering, and can be used as a light adjusting component of an environment light sensor. The light adjusting sheet regulates and controls transmission output light through high-purity body scattering, simultaneously reduces interference of stray light signals, improves regulation and control precision, enables light intensity to change softly, enables a distribution curve to be transited smoothly, and is particularly suitable for other parts of a sensor to accurately receive and analyze the light.

The regulation, is the light intensity distribution, this contains two layers, one is the form of the light beam, the light intensity distribution roughly distinguishes with the graphic code, the diffusion degree of the light beam uses the beam angle phi₂Quantizing; second, the direction of the beam, by the average exit angle θ₂And (4) showing. The light intensity distribution is related to the input light and the dimming layer.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a sensor dimming sheet, which comprises a dimming layer and a substrate, wherein the dimming layer is arranged on one surface of the substrate; the light modulation layer and the substrate are both provided with a light incident surface and a light emergent surface; the dimming layer comprises a light scattering agent, the light scattering agent is arranged between the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the dimming layer, and the filling rate D' of the light scattering agent in the dimming layer is 0.01-0.85. The light adjusting sheet can adjust and control output light to be in a Lambertian shape, and the beam angle phi₂Reach 112 ~ 120.

The light scattering agent is completely arranged between the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the light adjusting layer. The light scattering agent does not protrude from the upper and lower surfaces of the dimming layer. The light scattering agent is completely embedded in the dimming layer.

The light incident surface of the light modulation layer is a smooth plane, and the light emergent surface of the light modulation layer is a smooth plane; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the light modulation layer is less than or equal to 250nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the light modulation layer is less than or equal to 250 nm; the light incident surface of the substrate is a smooth plane, and the light emergent surface of the substrate is a smooth plane; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the matrix is less than or equal to 250nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the matrix is less than or equal to 250 nm.

The surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the light adjusting layer is within a nanometer scale; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the substrate is in a nanometer scale.

The light modulation layer comprises a transmission medium and a light scattering agent, and the light scattering agent is dispersed in the transmission medium; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the light modulation layer is less than 250nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the light modulation layer is less than 250 nm; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the substrate is less than 250nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the substrate is less than 250 nm.

The sensor dimming sheet is composed of a base body and a dimming layer, the dimming layer is arranged on the base body, the dimming layer is a bulk scattering system and is composed of a transmission medium and a light scattering agent, the transmission medium is solid polymer resin, the light scattering agent is light scattering particles, the light scattering agent is strictly dispersed in the transmission medium, the light scattered by the dimming layer is increased, the upper outer surface and the lower outer surface of the dimming sheet and interfaces of all layers are very flat and smooth, stray light scattered on the surfaces of all layers of the dimming sheet is reduced, the dimming sheet can carry out standardized regulation and control on output light, the transmission output light meets the Lambert form, and stray light interference is small.

The sensor light adjusting sheet is composed of a light adjusting layer and a substrate, wherein the light adjusting layer is arranged on the substrate, the light adjusting layer is a bulk scattering system and is composed of a transmission medium and a light scattering agent, the light scattering agent is strictly dispersed in the transmission medium, the thickness of the substrate is between a micrometer scale and a millimeter scale, the thickness of the light adjusting layer is between a submicron scale and a millimeter scale, the particle size of light scattering particles is between the submicron scale and the micrometer scale, the upper outer surface and the lower outer surface of the light adjusting sheet and interfaces of all layers are very flat and smooth, the light adjusting sheet increases adjusting and controlling light of bulk scattering, stray light scattered on the surfaces of all layers of the light adjusting sheet is reduced, and the purity of bulk. The sensor dimming sheet provides high-purity volume scattering, can perform standardized regulation and control on transmission output light, enables a light intensity distribution curve of the transmission output light to meet the Lambert shape, and is soft and smooth in light intensity change. The sensor dimming sheet can be used as a dimming component of an ambient light sensor, and can provide a standard light signal with smaller stray light influence, so that other components of the sensor can accurately receive and analyze the standard light signal.

The thickness T of the light modulation layer is 5-2000 mu m. The surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the light modulation layer is less than 100nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the light modulation layer is less than 100 nm; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the substrate is less than 100nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the substrate is less than 100 nm.

Further, when the thickness T of the dimming layer is selected to be a high value, the filling rate D' of the light scattering agent is selected to be a low value; when the thickness T of the light modulation layer is selected to be low, the filling rate D' of the light scattering agent is selected to be high.

The structure for regulating and controlling light in the light regulating sheet structure is a light regulating layer. The light adjusting sheet realizes standardized regulation and control of input light by utilizing the light adjusting layer, so that the output light meets the Lambert body form, and the application level of the sensor is reached. The matrix has no influence on the regulation of light, but has influence on light transmittance. In addition, the substrate may have other uses, for example, another surface of the substrate may be coated with other functional layers, and some substrates may change the color or gamut of light.

The propagation medium is selected from polymer resins.

The solid state mode of the solid polymer resin is photocuring, thermocuring or melt cooling, the surface is dry and comfortable, and the solid polymer resin does not have viscosity at normal temperature.

The particle size D of the light scattering agent is selected from 0.1-50 μm. The particle size D of the light scattering agent is between the submicron and micron scale.

The particle size matching of the light scattering agent is selected from one or at least two combinations of monodisperse particles or polydisperse particles.

The light scattering agent is selected from one or a combination of at least two of polymer particles or inorganic particles. The polymer particles have a particle diameter D of 0.8 to 50 μm. The particle diameter D of the inorganic particles is 0.1 to 5 μm.

The polymer particles are selected from one or a combination of at least two of different polymers.

The inorganic particles are selected from one or the combination of at least two of inorganic particles with different materials.

The surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the light modulation layer is less than 50nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the light modulation layer is less than 50 nm; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the substrate is less than 50nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the substrate is less than 50 nm.

The matrix is selected from one of a colorless and transparent polymer matrix or a glass matrix.

The thickness H of the substrate is 0.01-2 mm. Furthermore, the thickness H of the substrate is 0.025-2 mm.

Furthermore, the upper surface or the lower surface of the light modulation layer can be used as the light incident surface or the light emitting surface of the light modulation layer. The upper surface or the lower surface of the substrate can be used as the light incident surface or the light emergent surface of the substrate.

Furthermore, the upper surface or the lower surface of the light modulation sheet can be used as a light incident surface or a light emergent surface of the light modulation sheet. The upper surface of the light modulation sheet is the upper surface of the light modulation layer, and the lower surface of the light modulation sheet is the lower surface of the substrate.

According to the sensor dimming sheet provided by the invention, the input light is collimated light or diffused light.

The average incident angle of the input light is theta₁，0≤θ₁<At 90 deg.. When theta is₁Preferably 0 degree, namely perpendicular to the light incident surface of the light adjusting sheet, and is beneficial to outputting light to be closer to an ideal lambertian body (the beam angle phi is phi)₂＝120°)。θ₁The greater the deviation from 0 °, the more the output light deviates from an ideal lambertian, but still in a lambertian form (beam angle Φ)₂Reaching 112-120 degrees). Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the input light is preferably symmetrical, and there is a center line (sum of light ray vectors), and an included angle between the center line and the light incident surface is the average incident angle θ₁。

Further, the symmetry may be described spatially as uniplanar (meaning meridional), bilaterally or axially symmetric, i.e., uniaxially, biaxially or centrally symmetric in any cross-section. Preferably axisymmetric, in which case the beam rotates at any angle around the center line, i.e. the optical axis, without changing its shape.

The light intensity distribution curves of the input light (i.e., the curves on the typical meridian planes C0/180, C45/225, C90/270, C135/315) can be described as a specific pattern. Further, when the input light has spatial symmetry, all the patterns of the light intensity distribution curve are axisymmetric patterns. Furthermore, when the input light is single-sided symmetrical, four curves are not coincident. Further, when the input light is bilaterally symmetric (e.g., C0/180 and C90/270), the intensity distribution curves of the meridian planes (e.g., C45/225 and C135/315) separated from the symmetry plane by 45 ° coincide, and the curves are transition shapes of the patterns of the two symmetry planes. Further, when the input light is axisymmetric, the light intensity distribution curves of any meridian plane coincide.

Further, the specific pattern of the light intensity distribution curve of the input light can be one or two combinations of approximate fusiform, oval, egg-shaped, round, fan-shaped, cloud-shaped, heart-shaped and double-lobe beam-shaped on polar coordinates, and can be one or two combinations of approximate nail-shaped, half star-shaped, triangular, cosine-shaped, rectangular, trapezoidal, overlapped double-peak and separated double-peak on rectangular coordinates.

The specific input light has a beam angle of phi₁，0≤Φ₁Less than or equal to 180 degrees. The beam angle is a fixed value when the axis is symmetrical, and a range when the axis is not centrosymmetric.

According to the sensor dimming sheet provided by the invention, the output light is diffused light.

The average exit angle of the output light is theta₂。θ₂Preferably, the angle is 0 degrees, namely the angle is perpendicular to the light emergent surface of the light adjusting sheet, so that the simplified analysis of the output light is facilitated.

The spatial distribution of the output light is preferably symmetrical, a central line exists, and the included angle between the central line and the light-emitting surface is the average emergent angle theta₂。

The light intensity distribution curve of the output light can be described as a specific pattern. Further, when the input light has spatial symmetry, all the patterns of the light intensity distribution curve are axisymmetric patterns. Furthermore, when the input light is single-sided symmetrical, four curves are not coincident. Further, when the input light is bilaterally symmetric (e.g., C0/180 and C90/270), the intensity distribution curves of the meridian planes (e.g., C45/225 and C135/315) separated from the symmetry plane by 45 ° coincide, and the curves are transition shapes of the patterns of the two symmetry planes. Further, when the input light is axisymmetric, the light intensity distribution curves of any meridian plane coincide.

Further, the specific pattern of the light intensity distribution curve of the output light may be approximately circular on a polar coordinate, and may be approximately cosine-shaped on a rectangular coordinate.

The beam angle of the output light is phi₂，112≤Φ₂Is less than or equal to 120 degrees. The beam angle is a fixed value when the axis is symmetrical, and a range when the axis is not centrosymmetric.

The invention provides a light-adjusting sheet, when theta₁When the angle is 0 °, the spatial distribution of the output light must have symmetry, a center line exists, and the symmetry coincides with the input light. When 0 is present<θ₁<At 90 deg., the output light does not necessarily have symmetry, and symmetry remains if and only if the light intensity distribution curves of the output light are both circular (i.e., ideally lambertian).

The light-adjusting sheet provided by the invention can be prepared from one or a combination of at least two of an Acrylic resin system (AR, Acrylic resin), a polyurethane system (PU), a polyolefin system (polyethylene PE/polypropylene PP/copolyolefin PO), a cycloolefin polymer system (COP), a polyhaloolefin system (polyvinyl chloride PVC/polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF), a Polystyrene System (PS), a polycarbonate system (PC), a polyester system (polyethylene terephthalate/polybutylene terephthalate/polyethylene naphthalate PEN), a Silicone system (Si, Silicone), an epoxy resin system (EP), a polyamide system (PA), a polyimide system (PI), a polylactic acid system (P L a), a fluororesin system (FKM), a fluorosilicone resin system (vmfq), a melamine resin system (MF), a phenolic resin system (PF), a urea-formaldehyde resin system (UF), or a thermoplastic elastomer material (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA/thermoplastic elastomer TPU).

Further, the material of the polymer resin is selected from one or a combination of at least two of an acrylic resin system, a polyurethane system, a polyolefin system, a polystyrene system, a polycarbonate system, a polyester system, an organosilicon system, an epoxy system, a polyimide system, or a thermoplastic elastic material.

Further, the material of the polymer particles may be selected from one or a combination of at least two of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybutyl methacrylate (PBMA), polyamide, polyurethane, silicone, polystyrene, melamine resin, or Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

Further, the material of the polymer particles is selected from one or a combination of at least two of polymethyl methacrylate, organic silicon, polystyrene and melamine resin.

Further, the material of the inorganic particles may be selected from one or a combination of at least two of alkaline earth metal or nonmetal oxides, nitrides, carbides, fluorides, sulfides, carbonates, sulfates, or silicates, or natural ore powder, or ceramic material powder.

Further, the material of the inorganic particles is selected from silicon dioxide (SiO)₂) Titanium dioxide (TiO)₂) Zirconium dioxide (ZrO)₂) Aluminum oxide (Al)₂O₃) Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO), zinc sulfide (ZnS), calcium carbonate (CaCO)₃) Calcium sulfate (CaSO)₄) Barium sulfate (BaSO)₄) Silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si)₃N₄) Magnesium fluoride (MgF)₂) Calcium fluoride (CaF)₂) Or magnesium aluminum silicate or a combination of at least two thereof.

Further, the material of the inorganic particles is selected from one or a combination of at least two of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, or barium sulfate.

Furthermore, the filling rate D 'of the light scattering agent in the light adjusting layer is 0.01-0.85, and the preferable filling rate D' is 0.1-0.75.

If the filling rate D 'of the light scattering agent is too low, the light-adjusting layer is required to be thicker to achieve the same effect, the cost is increased, the design of a device is influenced, if the D' is too high, the light scattering agent is difficult to disperse uniformly, the light transmittance is reduced, and a sensor signal is weaker.

Further, the material of the polymer matrix is selected from one or a combination of at least two of PET, PBT, PEN, PI, PC, PMMA, PP, PE, PO, COP, EP, PF, UF, PVC, PVDF, EVA, TPE, or TPU.

Further, the material of the polymer matrix is selected from one or a combination of at least two of PET, PI, PC, PMMA, PP, EP, PVC, EVA and TPU.

Furthermore, the material of the glass substrate is selected from one or a combination of at least two of quartz glass, silicate glass and fluoride glass.

Further, the thickness T of the light modulation layer may be 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 500 μm, 1000 μm or 2000 μm.

Further, the substrate may have a thickness H of 0.01mm, 0.025mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.25mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, or 2 mm.

The filling ratio D' may be 0.01, 0.02, 0.05,0.1, 0.15, 0.3, 0.4, 0.35, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.75, or 0.85.

The surface roughness Ra can be 0.1-0.2 μm, 0.05-0.1 μm, or Ra <0.05 μm.

The light scattering agent may be SiO₂Particles having a particle size of 0.3 μm, 0.1 to 0.8 μm, 0.8 to 2 μm, 2 to 5 μm, or 5 μm; al (Al)₂O₃Particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 μm; PMMA particles with the particle size of 5-10 μm or 30-50 μm; silicone particles having a particle diameter of 2 to 5, or 1 to 3 μm; MF particles having a particle diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 μm; PS particles with a particle size of 1-3 μm; ZrO (ZrO)₂Particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 μm; BaSO₄Particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 μm; or TiO₂Particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm.

Further, the dimming sheet comprises a dimming layer and a substrate, the dimming layer is arranged on one surface of the substrate, the thickness H of the substrate is 0.05mm, the substrate comprises a light inlet surface and a light outlet surface, the thickness T of the dimming layer is 50 μm, the dimming layer comprises a transmission medium and a light scattering agent, the light inlet surface and the light outlet surface are uniformly dispersed in the transmission medium to form a body scattering system, input light is emitted from the light emitting surface of the input light source, sequentially passes through the light inlet surface and the light outlet surface of the substrate and then enters from the light inlet surface of the dimming layer, and is emitted from the light outlet surface through the body scattering regulation and control of the dimming layer to generate final output light. Wherein the substrate is polymer and the material is PET. The transmission medium in the light adjusting layer is an acrylic resin system in the light-cured polymer resin; the light scattering agent in the light modulation layer is in an inorganic particle systemAl₂O₃The particles are polydisperse, have a particle size of 0.5 to 1.5 μm, and have a filling rate D' of 0.4 in a bulk scattering system. The light adjusting layer and the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the substrate are very flat and smooth, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.05-0.1 mu m. The foregoing technical solution includes example 1.

Furthermore, the light adjusting sheet comprises a light adjusting layer and a substrate, the light adjusting layer is arranged on one surface of the substrate, the thickness H of the substrate is 0.15mm, the substrate comprises a light incident surface and a light emitting surface, and the roughness Ra of the light incident surface and the light emitting surface of the substrate<0.05 μm. The thickness T of the light modulation layer is 5-1000 mu m, the light modulation layer comprises a transmission medium and a light scattering agent, the light incident surface and the light emergent surface are uniformly dispersed in the transmission medium to form a body scattering system, input light is emitted from the light emitting surface of the input light source, sequentially passes through the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the base body, then is emitted from the light incident surface of the light modulation layer, is regulated and controlled by body scattering of the light modulation layer, and is emitted from the light emergent surface to generate final output light. Wherein the substrate is a glass substrate and is made of silicate. The transmission medium in the light modulation layer is selected from an acrylic resin system in light-cured polymer resin, or PET or PC in a melt cooling and curing mode; the light scattering agent in the light modulation layer is selected from PMMA particles (the particle diameter is 5-50 mu m) or SiO₂Particles (particle size of 0.1 to 5 μm), or Al₂O₃Particles (particle size of 0.5 to 1.5 μm), or a combination of both. The filling rate D' of the volume scattering system is 0.35-0.75. The light adjusting layer and the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the substrate are very flat and smooth, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.05-0.1 mu m. The foregoing technical solutions include examples 2 to 15.

Furthermore, the thickness H of the substrate is 0.15mm, and the roughness Ra of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the substrate is less than 0.05 μm. The thickness T of the light modulation layer is 30 μm, the filling rate D' is 0.65-0.75, and the surface roughness Ra is less than 0.05 μm. The matrix is silicate glass, the light scattering agent is organic silicon particles with the particle size of 2-5 mu m, and the propagation medium is selected from an acrylic resin system in photo-curing polymer resin. The foregoing technical solutions include examples 16 to 31.

Furthermore, the thickness H of the substrate is 0.15mm, and the roughness Ra of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the substrate is less than 0.05 μm. The thickness T of the light modulation layer is 50 μm, the filling rate D' is 0.5, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.1-0.25 μm. The matrix is silicate glass, the light scattering agent is melamine resin (MF) particles with the particle size of 0.8-1.2 mu m, and the propagation medium is selected from a thermosetting Polyurethane (PU) system or an organic silicon system. The foregoing technical solutions include examples 32 to 44.

Furthermore, the thickness H of the substrate is 0.15mm, and the roughness Ra of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the substrate<0.05 μm. The thickness T of the light-adjusting layer is 50 μm, the filling rate D' is 0.65, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.05-0.1 μm. The matrix is silicate glass, the light scattering agent is a combination of polymer particles and inorganic particles, and the polymer resin particles are organic silicon particles (with the particle size of 1-3 mu m) or Polystyrene (PS) particles (with the particle size of 1-3 mu m); the inorganic particles are TiO₂Particles (particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm) of ZrO₂Particles (particle diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 μm), Al₂O₃Particles (particle size of 0.5 to 1.5 μm), or BaSO₄Particles (particle diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 μm). The propagation medium is selected from a heat-cured Acrylic (AR) system, an Epoxy (EP) system or PVDF, a light-cured Acrylic (AR) system, or PP, PC, EVA, PE, PMMA, or a combination of two heat-cured resins, or a combination of two melt-cooled cured resins, or a combination of a heat-cured resin and a light-cured resin. When the propagation medium is composed of two resins, the mass ratio of the two resins is 1-100:1-100(1:100, 1:1, or 100: 1). When the light scattering agent is a combination of polymer particles and inorganic particles, the mass ratio of the polymer particles to the inorganic particles is 5-100:1(5:1, 10: 1: 50:1 or 100: 1). The foregoing technical solutions include examples 45 to 58.

Furthermore, the thickness H of the substrate is 0.15mm, and the roughness Ra of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the substrate<0.05 μm. The thickness T of the light modulation layer is 50 μm, the filling rate D' is 0.35-0.85, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.05-0.1 μm. The matrix is silicate glass, and the light scattering agent is SiO₂Particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 5 μm, wherein the propagation medium is selected from a thermosetting Acrylic Resin (AR) system. The foregoing technical solutions include examples 59 to 66.

Furthermore, the thickness H of the substrate is 0.15mm, and the roughness Ra of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the substrate is less than 0.05 μm. The thickness T of the light modulation layer is 50 to 2000 μm, the filling rate D' is 0.01 to 0.3, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.1 to 0.25 μm. The matrix is silicate glass, the light scattering agent is melamine resin (MF) particles with the particle size of 0.8-1.2 mu m, and the transmission medium is selected from a thermosetting acrylic resin system. The technical scheme comprises embodiments 67-72.

Furthermore, the thickness H of the substrate is 0.01-2 mm, and the roughness Ra of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface is less than 0.05 μm. The thickness T of the light modulation layer is 30 μm, the filling rate D' is 0.75, and the surface roughness Ra is less than 0.05 μm. The matrix is a polymer matrix or a glass matrix, the light scattering agent is organic silicon particles with the particle size of 2-5 mu m, and the propagation medium is selected from a light-cured acrylic resin system. The technical scheme comprises embodiments 73-107.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the sensor dimming layer, which comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly dispersing a light scattering agent in a polymer resin raw material to form a pre-dispersion;

(2) preparing the pre-dispersion obtained in the step (1) into a layered body,

(3) solidifying the layered body obtained in the step (2) to obtain a dimming layer;

(4) and (4) compounding the dimming layer obtained in the step (3) with the substrate to obtain the dimming sheet.

Further, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly dispersing a light scattering agent in liquid polymer resin to form a liquid pre-dispersion;

(2) and directly coating a liquid pre-dispersion with a certain thickness between the super-mirror release bodies, and carrying out photo-curing or thermosetting polymerization to generate a solid dispersion. The release force refers to the binding force between the coating and the release body, and depends on the formula of the coating and the surface performance of the release body, the surface roughness must be in a nanometer scale, Ra is less than or equal to 250nm, preferably less than 250nm, further preferably less than 100nm, further preferably less than 50nm, and the super-mirror release body can be combined as follows: a. the release roller has light release force and heavy release force (only the light curing system is suitable), and the material of the surface of the release roller can be selected from metal, ceramic, Teflon, glass subjected to surface treatment and the like; b. the release plate has light release force and heavy release force (both light curing and heat curing systems are suitable), and the material of the surface of the release plate can be selected from metal, ceramic, Teflon, glass subjected to surface treatment, PC, PMMA and the like; c. the release film has a light release force and a heavy release force (both light curing and heat curing systems are applicable), and the material of the release film can be selected from surface-treated PET, PI, PC and the like; d. a release film with a slightly heavy release force and a release roller with a slightly light release force (only the photocuring system is suitable); e. a release film with a slightly heavy release force and a release plate with a slightly light release force (both light curing and heat curing systems are applicable); f. a release plate with a slightly heavy release force and a release film with a slightly light release force (both light curing and heat curing systems are suitable);

(3) and separating the solid dispersion from the release body to obtain the dimming layer. Wherein: in the production of the mode a, the light and heavy release rollers must be sequentially separated from the dimming layer, the dimming layer is guided by the heavy release rollers to advance, and pure dimming layer coiled materials can be directly obtained through stripping at a certain angle; d, separating the light release roller from the dimming layer in production, using the heavy release film as a carrier to guide the dimming layer to advance to obtain a coiled material with a single-sided release dimming layer, and tearing off the heavy release film when in use; c. in the production mode, a heavy release plate or film is arranged below the light release plate or film and is used as a carrier, light release films are covered above the heavy release plate or film, and a double-sided release dimming layer plate or coiled material is obtained; b. in the production of the mode e, a heavy separation plate or a film is arranged below the light separation plate or the film serves as a carrier, a light separation plate covers the light separation plate, if the light separation plate is repeatedly used, a single-sided separation type dimming layer plate or a coiled material is obtained, the heavy separation type carrier needs to be torn when the light separation plate is used, if the light separation plate is used for one time, a double-sided separation type dimming layer plate or the coiled material is obtained, and when the light separation plate is used, the light separation plate needs to be torn firstly, and then the heavy separation type carrier is torn.

(4) And (4) compounding the dimming layer obtained in the step (3) with the substrate to obtain the dimming sheet. The surface of the light modulation layer and the surface of the substrate can generate activated functional groups by adopting a pre-treatment mode such as corona and plasma, and the surface of the light modulation layer contacted with the substrate can be firmly combined by a post-treatment mode such as pressure, temperature and illumination.

Further, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly dispersing a light scattering agent in a liquid/solid polymer resin to form a liquid/solid pre-dispersion;

(2) and (3) directly forming a polymer melt by performing reactive extrusion on the liquid pre-dispersion/melt extrusion on the solid pre-dispersion, controlling the thickness by casting, curtain coating, calendering, stretching and other processes, and cooling to obtain the solid dispersion, wherein the curtain coating needs a release body as a carrier, and the formulation of the release body is shown in the step (3) of the preparation method.

(3) The light adjusting layer is obtained directly or after the release body is torn.

(2) forming a laminar body on one surface of a substrate by using the pre-dispersion obtained in the step (1);

(3) and (3) curing the laminar body obtained in the step (2) to directly obtain the dimming sheet.

Further, the method comprises the following steps:

(2) and directly coating the liquid pre-dispersion with a certain thickness between the substrate and the super-mirror release body, and carrying out photo-curing or thermosetting polymerization to generate a solid dispersion. The surface roughness of the release body is required to be nano-scale, Ra is less than or equal to 250nm, preferably less than 250nm, more preferably less than 100nm, more preferably less than 50nm, and the super-mirror release body can be made of the following materials: a. a release roller (only the light curing system is suitable), wherein the material of the surface of the release roller can be selected from metal, ceramic, Teflon, glass subjected to surface treatment and the like; b. a release plate (both light-curing and heat-curing systems are applicable), wherein the surface of the release plate is made of metal, ceramic, Teflon, glass subjected to surface treatment, PC, PMMA and the like; c. the material of the release film can be selected from PET, PI, PC and the like which are subjected to surface treatment;

(3) and separating the solid dispersion from the release body to directly obtain the dimming sheet.

Further, the method comprises the following steps:

(2) and coating the liquid pre-dispersion with a certain thickness on one surface of the substrate, and directly carrying out photocuring or thermocuring polymerization to obtain the dimming sheet.

Further, the method comprises the following steps:

(2) and (3) directly forming a polymer melt by performing reactive extrusion on the liquid predispersion/solid predispersion through melt extrusion, directly performing curtain coating on one surface of the substrate, and cooling to obtain the light adjusting sheet.

It should be noted that the thickness T of the light modulation layer should be selected according to the application and the preparation method, and the present invention is not preferable. When the preparation method is normal-temperature coating, T can be 5-100 microns, and the solid content (including 100% solid content), viscosity and coater of the coating liquid are mainly matched, and when the preparation method is melt extrusion, T can be 50-2000 microns, and the viscoelasticity of the melt and corresponding forming processes, such as stretching, tape casting, calendaring and the like, are matched.

The light-adjusting sheet can be used as a light controller/coating in display terminals such as TFT-L CD, O L ED and laser projection and optical sensing systems of optical detection equipment, and can realize analysis of information including overall intensity, distribution form, color (waveband composition) and the like by detecting sunlight, ambient light, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light and even light with special wavelength or waveband.

Compared with the prior art, the dimming sheet provided by the invention can regulate and control the light beam form and direction of output light, so that the light intensity distribution curve of the output light forms a graph in a coordinate system (a plane rectangular coordinate system or a polar coordinate system), and the interference of surface scattering of the dimming sheet is reduced.

Compared with the prior art, the sensor dimming sheet provided by the invention enables output light to meet the Lambert shape, and the beam angle phi₂The temperature reaches 112-120 degrees, and the application level of the sensor is reached. The dimming sheet can be used as a dimming component of an ambient light sensor, realizes standardized regulation and control on input light, enables output light to meet the Lambert form, becomes a standard light signal, and simultaneously reduces the interference of stray light signals so that other components of the sensor can accurately receive and analyze the stray light signals.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structures of four typical optical coatings of a conventional optical film;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of different surfaces on output light;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional optical path of a dimming layer;

FIG. 4 is an equivalent schematic diagram of the light incident surface/light emitting surface interchange of the light modulation layer;

FIG. 5a is a spherical coordinate system;

FIG. 5b is a representative meridian plane of the spherical coordinate system of FIG. 5 a;

FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of the optical path of diffuse output light;

FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of the optical path of normal dispersion output light;

FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of the optical path of collimated input light;

FIG. 7b is a schematic diagram of the optical path of normally collimated input light;

FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of the optical path of diffuse input light;

FIG. 8b is a schematic diagram of the optical path of normal diffuse input light;

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional optical path of a conventional bulk scattering coating;

FIG. 10a is a graph of the intensity distribution of circular output light for different surfaces (polar coordinate system);

FIG. 10b is a graph of the light intensity distribution of the cosine-like output of different surfaces (rectangular coordinates);

FIG. 10c is a graph of light intensity distribution of egg-shaped output light for different surfaces (polar coordinate system);

FIG. 10d is a graph of light intensity distribution of triangular output light for different surfaces (rectangular coordinate system);

FIGS. 11 a-h are the light intensity distribution curves (polar coordinate system) of input light/output light in various forms, respectively;

FIGS. 12 a-h are graphs of light intensity distribution of various input/output lights (rectangular coordinate system), respectively;

fig. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a light-adjusting sheet provided by the present invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a conventional (prior art) dimming sheet.

Wherein:

00: light emitting surface of input light source

01: input light

02: output light

03: normal line

04: collimating the output light

05: surface scattering output light

06: volume scattering output light

07: several scattering surfaces

081: ideal surface

082: common surface

083: smooth surface

010: input light form

010A: input ray center line (average incident angle direction)

011: input light C0/C180 meridian plane

012: input light C45/C225 meridian plane

013: input light C90/C270 meridian plane

014: input optical C135/C315 meridian plane

015: input light arbitrary

Meridian line

020: output light form

020A: output light center line (average exit angle direction)

021: output light C0/C180 meridian plane

022: output light C45/C225 meridian plane

023: output light C90/C270 meridian plane

024: output light C135/C315 meridian plane

025: output light arbitrarily

Meridian line

0: base body

001: light incident surface of substrate

002: light-emitting surface of substrate

1: light modulation layer

101: light incident surface of light modulation layer

102: light emitting surface of light modulation layer

0A: base material

1A: propagation medium for a dimming layer

1B: light scattering agent for dimming layer

0': conventional matrix

001': light incident surface of conventional substrate

002': light-emitting surface of conventional matrix

1': conventional bulk scattering coatings

101': light incident surface of conventional volume scattering coating

102': light-emitting surface of conventional volume scattering coating

Detailed Description

In order to make the structure and features of the invention easier to understand, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, four typical optical coatings of a conventional optical film: (1) is a diffusion particle layer; (2) a microreplicated structured layer; (3) is a particle-free coating/plating; (4) is a conventional bulk scattering coating. (1) The components (2) and (3) all have certain scattering surfaces 07, but different forms. Furthermore, when collimated light passes through the coating from bottom to top: (1) part of the particles is exposed outside the glue layer, the surface scattering output light 05 is stronger, but part of the particles is embedded in the glue layer, and the volume scattering output light 06 is also generated; (2) the convex part of the structure generates stronger surface scattering output light 05, the bulk scattering output light 06 does not exist, and the amount of the collimation output light 04 is related to the area of the convex surface; (3) because the upper and lower surfaces are parallel to each other, no particle exists in the interior, and collimation cannot be destroyed, only collimated output light 04 is generated; (4) although most of the output light is bulk scattering light 06, some of the bulk scattering light 05 is generated due to the presence of surface irregularities or particles adhering to the surface, and the bulk scattering becomes impure because the predetermined optical path or the predetermined distribution pattern is destroyed as the surface scattering occurs at the last moment when the light exits from the light exit surface.

In order to maintain a predetermined propagation direction or light intensity distribution of the output light to the maximum, it is necessary to control the flatness of the surface. Fig. 2 shows the influence of different surfaces on the output light after the same collimated light is input, as shown in fig. 2,1, an ideal surface 081 has no influence on the output light, and the output light has a predetermined light path direction or light intensity distribution at this time; 2. the common surface 082 has more rugged surface, larger fluctuation and higher surface roughness on the microcosmic surface, and has stronger influence on output light, namely, the propagation direction or the light intensity distribution deviates more from the set value; 3. smooth surface 083 has less unevenness, less fluctuation, less surface roughness and less influence on the output light, i.e. the deviation between the propagation direction or light intensity distribution and the established value is very small. Similarly, the same is true for the influence of the input light, and thus the upper and lower surfaces of the dimming layer need to be smooth enough.

As shown in fig. 3, the light modulation layer 1 provided by the present invention is composed of a propagation medium 1A and a

light scattering agent

1B, 1B is uniformly dispersed in 1A to form a volume scattering system, and input light 01 is emitted from a light emitting surface 00 of an input light source, enters from a light incident surface 101 of the light modulation layer, and is emitted from a light emitting surface 102 of the light modulation layer through volume scattering control of the light modulation layer to generate final output light 02. It is easy to understand that the light emitting surface of the light adjusting layer can be regarded as a new light emitting surface, and the output light emitted therefrom can be regarded as an input light source of another receiving unit.

For an individual, the volume infinitesimal of 1A where a single light scattering agent 1B is located is a particle scatterer, and according to particle scattering theory (such as meter scattering and rayleigh scattering), different 01 wavelengths, refractive index, particle size and shape of 1B (for a system with countless particles, the influence of the shape can be ignored), refractive index of 1A and the like (the size parameters of the wavelength and the particle perimeter commonly used in scattering theory, and the relative refractive index of the particles and the medium) all have a certain influence on the scattered light.

In many cases (when the filling rate of 1B in 1A is not particularly high), the dispersion state of each 1B particle in 1A is free, the orientation is arbitrary, the combined effect of the shape is isotropic, so the effect of the irregular shape can be ignored, and the approximation is regarded as a sphere. furthermore, when other conditions are determined, the concentration of the light scattering agent (particle scatterer) affects the probability that light encounters the light scattering agent per optical path, the thickness of the light modulation layer (the number of Z-axis layers in which the scatterer constitutes an XY plane) affects the number of times that light encounters the light scattering agent on the total optical path from the input to the output, wherein, since the concentration M of the light scattering agent is the number of particles in the volume of the medium, the smaller the number of particles per unit volume of the light scattering medium, the average particle size can be indirectly determined by analyzing the particle size D (affecting the volume of individual particles) and the filling rate D' (the number of particles in the volume of the medium), the average particle size ratio of the particles D1, the average particle size of the scattering medium (R) and the volume of the scattering medium (R + 3) can be calculated by taking the ratio of the volume of the average particle size of the volume of the light scattering medium (R + diffusion medium (R + 3) as the average particle size of the light scattering medium (R + n, and n + n is equal to n + n, and n is equal to n, and the average particle size of the volume of the light scattering medium, and n, n is equal to n, and n is equal to n, and n, n + n is equal.

Therefore, the volume scattering control of the final dimming layer is mainly influenced by the type (white light, blue light, green light, red light, near infrared, etc., and if not specifically noted, all refer to white light herein) and distribution form of the input light, the type of the propagation medium, the type of the light scattering agent, the particle size (average particle size, particle size distribution), the filling rate, the thickness of the entire dimming layer, and other factors.

As shown in fig. 4, since the upper and lower outer surfaces of the dimming layer 1 are very flat and smooth, and the light scattering agent 1B inside the dimming layer is uniformly dispersed in the transmission medium 1A, the single dimming layer can be understood as being symmetrical up and down, and the upper and lower surfaces can be used as the light incident surface 101 or the light emitting surface 102, so that the influence on the output light 02 is the same regardless of whether the input light 01 enters the dimming layer from bottom to top or from top to bottom. Note: for convenience of understanding, in the following drawings, the upper surface will be defined as the light-emitting surface.

As shown in fig. 5a and 5b, the spherical coordinate system is composed of an origin O, three XYZ axes three-dimensionally orthogonal to each other through the origin, and a spherical surface whose origin is a center radius r. As shown in the figure, the positive direction of the XYZ axes is herein defined as the plane of the dimming layer by the circular plane of XY, and the Z axis is the normal direction of the dimming layer, wherein the positive direction of the Z axis is also called the zenith direction, and the plane of XY axes is the equatorial plane. The original point is used as the center of a circle, the Z axis is used as the diameter to form a semicircle, the circular arc is a meridian, the meridian C0 passing through the X positive axis is the original meridian, the semicircle surface can form a sphere by rotating 360 degrees around the Z axis, the meridian on the same plane can form a circle, also called a meridian coil, the plane where the circle is located is the meridian plane, therefore, any meridian plane in the three-dimensional spherical coordinate is twoA polar coordinate system of dimensions. As shown in FIG. 5b, 4 circular planes, i.e., typical meridian planes-C0/C180, C45/C225, C90/C270, C135/C315, can be generated every 45 degrees counterclockwise (viewing the equatorial plane from the zenith direction) from the present initial meridian, and the 4 circular planes are composed of 8 meridian semi-planes two by two. The coordinate of any point P in the spherical coordinate system can be expressed as

The origin O has coordinates of (0,0,0), and the vector OP (or PO) can be used to represent the direction and intensity of the outgoing light OP (or the incoming light PO). For the coordinates of P, where r is the distance of OP represents the light intensity, θ is the zenith angle, i.e. the angle between OP and OZ,

is the azimuth angle, i.e. OP is

The angle difference between the meridian semi-plane and the initial meridian semi-plane,

and (3) taking a value of 0-360 degrees (the positive X axis is 0 degrees, increases in a counterclockwise direction, and is equal to the angle difference between the positive OP' and the positive X axis on the XY polar coordinate), taking theta from 0-180 degrees, and distinguishing left and right sides, wherein the theta can be set to-180 degrees (if the P is in the upper half part, only 0-90 degrees is needed, and the theta can be set to-90 degrees for distinguishing left and right sides). (note: only one-way propagation is considered in analyzing the optical path here, so that the meridian plane or half-plane subsequently referred to only shows a semicircle or 1/4 on the upper half of the meridian plane or half-plane), the optical path diagram of diffuse output light is shown in fig. 6a, and the optical path diagram of normal diffuse output light is shown in fig. 6 b. The input light 01 is emitted from the light emitting surface 00 of the input light source, enters from the light incident surface 101 of the dimming layer, is subjected to volume scattering control of the dimming layer, and is emitted from the light emitting surface 102 of the dimming layer, and the final output light 02 is generated. At this time, the output light mode 020 is distributed on the upper half part of the spherical coordinate system of 102, the vector direction of the light is out of plane, and the central line 020A of the output light is on the meridian

On the half plane 025, the average exit angle of the output light, i.e., the zenith angle of 020A, is θ₂In an azimuth of

In particular, when theta₂When the output light centerline 020A coincides with the positive Z axis, it is absent

I.e. normal exit as shown in fig. 6 b. The output light preferably exits normally, i.e. θ₂0, which is beneficial to the receiving unit to simplify the analysis.

Fig. 7a shows a schematic optical path of the collimated input light, and fig. 7b shows a schematic optical path of the normally collimated input light. The input light 01 is emitted from the light emitting surface 00 of the input light source, enters from the light incident surface 101 of the dimming layer, is subjected to volume scattering control of the dimming layer, and is emitted from the light emitting surface 102 of the dimming layer, and the final output light 02 is generated. At this time, the input light form 010 is distributed at the upper half part of the spherical coordinate system of 00, the vector direction of the light is out of the plane, and the input light center line 010A is at the meridian

On the half plane 015, the zenith angle of 010A which is the average incident angle of the input light is θ₁In an azimuth of

In particular, when theta ₁0, the output light centerline 010A coincides with the positive Z axis, which is absent

I.e. normal incidence as shown in fig. 7 b. The input light is preferably normally incident, i.e. θ₁And 0 is favorable for the effective utilization of input light and also indirectly favorable for the simplified analysis of output light.

Fig. 8a is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the diffuse input light, and fig. 8b is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the normal diffuse input light, and the optical paths are the same as those of fig. 7a and 7 b. Input deviceThe light is preferably at normal incidence, i.e. θ₁And 0 is favorable for the effective utilization of input light and also indirectly favorable for the simplified analysis of output light.

As shown in fig. 9, for a conventional (existing) bulk-scattering coating for comparison, the surfaces (light-in surface and light-out surface) of the conventional bulk-scattering coating are not smooth enough.

As shown in fig. 10a/10b/10c/10d, the light intensity distribution curves of output light of various forms through different surfaces in a meridian plane are shown, wherein 081 in each graph represents a theoretical curve obtained from a theoretical ui ideal surface, d082 represents a test curve actually obtained from a common surface (data from comparative examples 1 and 2), the curve is obtained by testing a conventional volume scattering coating (or a conventional dimming sheet) shown in fig. 9 (or fig. 14), 083 represents a test curve actually obtained from a smooth surface (data from examples 1 and 2), the curve is obtained by testing a dimming layer (or a dimming sheet) shown in fig. 3 (or fig. 13), the composition of the dimming layer shown in fig. 9 (or fig. 14) and fig. 3 (or fig. 13) is the same, only the light exit/entrance surface is smooth, wherein the output light form shown in 10a/10b has a relatively different smoothness degree, the beam angle (note: without special description, the beam angle refers to a light beam angle of 50% of the peak light intensity), the output light form shown in 10a/10b has a relatively low beam angle, the curve is obtained by taking a relatively high normalized curve obtained by a-90 normalized curve obtained by a, and the normalized curve obtained by normalizing the normalized curve obtained by taking a plot 90 as a-90, the normal curve obtained by a-90-degree normalized curve, the normalized curve obtained by the normal volume noise sampling curve obtained by the normal volume noise-weighted sampling curve obtained by the normal volume scattering coating (or the normal volume scattering coating or.

Fig. 11a to h and 12a to h show the comparison between the light intensity distribution curves and the beam angles of the input/output lights with different shapes, wherein fig. 11 is a polar coordinate system, fig. 12 is a rectangular coordinate system, and table 1 lists the specific patterns and the corresponding beam angle ranges of these curves. In general, most of them can be regarded as single beams, g and h are dual beams, and certainly, more beams can be realized by the combination of the shapes listed in a-h, which is not described herein again, but does not affect the protection scope of the present invention. In the present invention, a to e are approximate patterns defined by the number of beams and beam angles, and the variation range of the beam angle is the approximate variation range of the pattern.

TABLE 1 comparison table of light intensity distribution curves and beam angles of input/output lights in different forms

Note 1: coordinate system codes 11, 12, shape codes a-h, e.g. a circle may be denoted 11d and a triangle may be denoted 12 c.

Note 2: OD-peaks, referred to as Overlapped double peaks, SD-peaks, referred to as Separated double peaks, overlapping when the trough intensity is higher than 50% of the peak intensity, and separating when the trough intensity is lower than the peak intensity, SD-beams, referred to as Separated double lobe beams, the present invention does not require a double lobe spacing, but a typical pattern distributed at equal intervals of 360 °, such as a rose curve, has a polar coordinate function of ρ ═ sin (k × θ) or ρ ═ cos (k × θ), k is the number of light beams, k is an odd number, k is a number of petals, and k is an even number, 2k is an even number.

As shown in fig. 13, the light-adjusting sheet provided by the present invention includes a light-adjusting layer 1 and a substrate 0, the light-adjusting layer 1 is disposed on one surface of the substrate 0, the substrate has a light-entering surface 001 and a light-exiting surface 002, the light-adjusting layer has a light-entering surface 101 and a light-exiting surface 102, the light-adjusting layer 1 is composed of a propagation medium 1A and a light scattering agent 1B, the light scattering agent 1B is uniformly dispersed in the propagation medium 1A to form a bulk scattering system, input light 01 is emitted from a light-emitting surface 00 of an input light source, passes through the light-entering surface 001 and the light-exiting surface 002 of the substrate in sequence, then is emitted from the light-entering surface 101 of the light-adjusting layer, and is regulated. It is easy to understand that the light emitting surface of the light adjusting layer can be regarded as a new light emitting surface, and the output light emitted therefrom can be regarded as an input light source of another receiving unit.

As shown in fig. 14, in a conventional (existing) light modulation sheet for comparison, the conventional light modulation sheet contains a conventional bulk scattering coating and the conventional substrate has a surface (light incident surface and light emergent surface) that is not smooth enough.

It should be noted that, when the substrate of the light modulation sheet has a smooth and flat light incident surface and a light emitting surface which are parallel to each other, and the substrate is colorless and transparent, the existence of the substrate does not substantially change the regulation and control function of the light modulation layer, and since the direction of each light ray is not changed but only the optical path is changed, but the transparent substrate can ignore the intensity change caused by the optical path change, the final set of all light rays, i.e., the beam shape, is not changed. The air is taken as a medium a, the dimming layer is taken as a medium c, the substrate is taken as a medium b, and the conclusion that the direction of light rays cannot be changed after the medium b is inserted into the medium a and the medium c is concluded that the continuous propagation behavior among the media a, b and c (two interfaces, the interface a-b and the interface b-c) is continuously proved to be the same as the direct propagation between the media a-c (through the interface a-c) by two Snell's law. First, the continuous propagation behavior between media a, b, c is analyzed: for the a-b interface there is n_a×Sinθ_a＝n_b×Sinθ_bWherein n is_aIs the refractive index of medium a, theta_aIs the angle of incidence of the light in medium a, n_bIs the refractive index of medium b, theta_bIs the exit angle of the light ray in medium b; for the b-c interface, n_b×Sinθ_b＝n_c×Sinθ_cWherein n is_bIs the refractive index of medium b, theta_bThe angle of incidence of a light ray in medium b, n_cIs the refractive index of medium c, theta_cIs the exit angle of the light ray in medium c; easily obtain n_a×Sinθ_a＝n_b×Sinθ_b＝n_c×Sinθ_cI.e. n_a×Sinθ_a＝n_c×Sinθ_cThe formula describes the direction theta of the input light_aAnd the direction theta of the output light_cThe relationship between them. The direct propagation behavior between a-c media was then analyzed: for the a-c interface, n_a×Sinθ_a＝n_c×Sinθ_cWherein n is_aIs the refractive index of medium a, theta_aIs the angle of incidence of the light in medium a, n_cIs the refractive index of medium c, theta_cFor the exit angle of the light ray in the medium c, the formula likewise describes the direction θ of the input light ray_aAnd the direction theta of the output light_cThe relationship between them. It is easy to find that the two relations are the same, that is, the direction of the input light in medium a is the same and the direction of the output light in the corresponding medium c is the same, regardless of the presence of medium b.

Comparative example 1

As shown in fig. 14, a conventional dimming sheet for comparison includes a conventional bulk scattering coating layer 1 'and a conventional matrix 0', the conventional bulk scattering coating layer 1 'is disposed on one surface of the conventional matrix 0', a thickness H of the conventional matrix is 0.05mm, the conventional matrix includes a light incident surface 001 ', a light emitting surface 002', a thickness T of the conventional bulk scattering coating layer is 50 μm, the conventional bulk scattering coating layer includes a propagation medium 1A and a light scattering agent 1B, the light incident surface 101 ', the light emitting surface 102', the light scattering agent 1B are uniformly dispersed in the propagation medium 1A to constitute a bulk scattering system, an input light 01 is emitted from a light emitting surface 00 of an input light source, and after sequentially passing through the light incident surface 001 ', the light emitting surface 002' of the conventional matrix, and then enters from the light incident surface 101 'of the conventional volume scattering coating, and exits from the light exiting surface 102' through volume scattering regulation and control of the conventional volume scattering coating, so as to generate final output light 02. Wherein the matrix is a polymer matrix made of PET, 1A is an acrylic system in photo-curing polymer resin, and 1B is Al in an inorganic particle system₂O₃The particles are polydisperse, have a particle size of 0.5 to 1.5 μm, and have a filling rate D' of 0.4 in a bulk scattering system. The light incident surfaces 001 ', 101' and the light emitting surfaces 002 ', 102' belong to a common surface 082, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.5-1 μm. The input light 01 is spatially axisymmetric in form, θ₁Normal incidence, fusiform (as shown by the curve in figure 11 a)/spiky (as shown by the curve in figure 12 a) shape on any meridian plane, and beam angle Φ₁10 deg.. The output light 02 has a spatially axisymmetric form, θ ₂0 degree, normal outgoing, the shape on any meridian plane isApproximate circular (as shown by curve 082 in fig. 10 a)/cosine-like (as shown by curve 082 in fig. 10 b), beam angle Φ₂＝117°。

Example 1

As shown in fig. 13, the light modulation sheet provided by the present invention includes a light modulation layer 1 and a substrate 0, the light modulation layer 1 is disposed on one surface of the substrate 0, the thickness H of the substrate is 0.05mm, the substrate includes a light incident surface 001 and a light emitting surface 002, the thickness T of the light modulation layer is 50 μm, the light modulation layer includes a propagation medium 1A and a light scattering agent 1B, the light incident surface 101, the light emitting surface 102, and the light scattering agent 1B are uniformly dispersed in the propagation medium 1A to form a bulk scattering system, an input light 01 is emitted from a light emitting surface 00 of an input light source, passes through the light incident surface 001 and the light emitting surface 002 of the substrate, and then enters from the light incident surface 101 of the light modulation layer, and is emitted from the light emitting surface 102 through the bulk scattering. Wherein the matrix is polymer matrix made of PET, 1A is acrylic resin system in photo-curable polymer resin, and light scattering agent 1B is Al in inorganic particle system₂O₃The particles are polydisperse, have a particle size of 0.5 to 1.5 μm, and have a filling rate D of 0.4 in a bulk scattering system. The light incident surfaces 001 and 101 and the

light emitting surfaces

002 and 102 are very flat and smooth, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.05-0.1 μm. The input light 01 is spatially axisymmetric in form, θ₁Normal incidence, fusiform (as shown by the curve in figure 11 a)/spiky (as shown by the curve in figure 12 a) shape on any meridian plane, and beam angle Φ₁10 deg.. The output light 02 has a spatially axisymmetric form, θ₂0 ° and a normal exit, and the shape on any meridian plane is approximately circular (as shown by the curve 083 in fig. 10 a)/cosine (as shown by the curve 083 in fig. 10 b), and the beam angle Φ₂＝120°。

In fact, the combination of the propagation medium and the light scattering agent in the dispersion is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments for the same control of the input light and the output light, and various changes can be made according to the optical characteristics (refractive index, extinction coefficient) of the propagation medium and the light scattering agent, such as the corresponding changes of the coating thickness, filling ratio, particle size distribution, and the like. For the same embodiment, the regulation and control combination of the input light and the output light is not limited to the above embodiment, and different regulation and control combinations can be obtained by changing the input light.

It should be noted that the collocation of the specific light scattering agent and the propagation medium may have different effects, and at least 2 propagation media or at least 2 light scattering agents may be compounded according to the actual regulation and control requirements, and the collocation type and proportion are not limited in the present invention. In addition, the optical properties of the propagation medium are relatively close, and the difference between the optical properties of the polymer particles and the inorganic particles is large, so that the influence on the optical properties is usually considered when the particles are compounded, and the influence on other mechanical properties, surface properties, processability, compatibility and weather resistance is usually considered when the resin is compounded. The resin compounding ratio of the propagation medium is generally 100/1-1/100, and the compounding ratio of the light scattering agent polymer particles and the inorganic particles is generally 100/1-5/1.

The performance of the dimming layer provided by the present invention was evaluated in the following manner.

(A) Regulating effect of volume scattering

The adjustment effect of the volume scattering is evaluated by the form change of input light/output light, and a variable angle photometer or a space distribution photometer can be adopted to measure the light intensity distribution on a meridian plane. Dispersive forms of the input light source are particularly asymmetric spaces, and spatially distributed photometers such as the remote GO series are proposed. For collimated light of various wavelengths, a variable angle photometer such as Agilent Cary5000/7000 equipped with Universal Measurement Attachment (UMA) is proposed. The measured light intensity distribution data needs to be normalized by peak light intensity, the influence of fluctuation of absolute values of light intensity caused by the stability of the intensity of an input light source and the stability of detection equipment is removed, and only the form, namely the relative value, is considered.

(B) Accuracy of adjustment of volume scattering

For the adjustment accuracy of the volume scattering (represented as the smoothness of the light intensity distribution curve on the graph), the sampling accuracy of the output light intensity curve, that is, the stability of the data, is used for evaluation, multiple times of sampling are performed to obtain the multi-angle average normalized standard deviation NSD (normalized standard deviation), and for a specific distribution curve with a theoretically known true value, the mean square error MSE can also be used. In data processing, because the peak light intensity of a specific angle is normalized, and the error of the test data of a low elevation angle of 0-20 degrees (namely theta is 90-70 degrees) is larger, other angles are selected when the standard deviation is calculated. According to the NSD, the invention divides the regulation and control precision into 6 grades, and the corresponding relations are as follows: very high- (0, 0.001), high- (0.001, 0.005), higher- (0.005, 0.01), lower- (0.01, 0.05), low- (0.05, 0.1), and very low- (0.1, 0.5).

The adjustment accuracy of the dimming sheet is graphically represented as the smoothness of a light intensity distribution curve, and the smoother the curve, the higher the adjustment accuracy of the dimming layer. The lower the surface roughness, the higher the control accuracy. Ra is 100-250 nm, and the regulation and control precision is high; ra is 50-100 nm, and the regulation and control precision is high; ra is less than 50nm, and the regulation and control precision is extremely high.

Table 2 comparison of the performance of comparative example 1 and example 1 at the same input light

Note 1: t is the thickness of the bulk scattering coating/dimming layer in μm; h is the thickness of the substrate and is in mm; d' is filling rate and has no dimension unit; ra is surface roughness in μm; a is a material of a propagation medium, S is a solidification mode of the propagation medium, PB is polymer particles, IB is inorganic particles, D is a particle size with a unit of μm and theta₁And theta₂Respectively, the average incident angle of the input light and the average exit angle of the output light, in deg., phi₁And phi₂The beam angles of the input light and the output light, respectively, are in degrees.

Note 2: n is a radical of_AIndicating that there is no corresponding feature pattern.

Note 3: when the input light is collimated light, the beam angle is marked as 0 degrees, no morphological code is provided, and collimation is directly marked.

As shown in Table 2, when comparative example 1 and example 1 were compared, it was found that R was not changed under the other conditionsWhen a is increased, the regulation and control precision is reduced, and if the precision of the light intensity data of the proper peak intensity or key angle is poor, phi is caused₂Inaccurate and large error.

Examples 2 to 15

The light modulation sheet provided in embodiment 1, wherein the thickness H of the substrate is 0.15mm, the roughness Ra of the light incident surface 001 and the light emitting surface 002 of the substrate is less than 0.05 μm, the substrate is a glass substrate, the material 0A is silicate glass, and the other parameters are listed in table 3.

TABLE 3 comparison of the Properties of examples 2-15 under collimated input light

Notes 1 to 3 are as in Table 2

As can be seen from comparison of examples 2 to 5, 6 to 8, and 9 to 10, when T is increased without changing other conditions, the volume scattering effect is enhanced, and Φ is increased₂Becoming larger, the output light gets closer and closer to the ideal lambertian level. As is clear from comparative examples 11 to 13, when the other conditions were not changed and D' was increased, the bulk scattering effect was enhanced and Φ was₂Becoming larger, the output light gets closer and closer to the ideal lambertian level. Comparing example 11 with examples 14 and 15, it is understood that when D is decreased without changing other conditions, the particle concentration M is increased, the bulk scattering effect is enhanced, and Φ is₂Becoming larger, the output light gets closer and closer to the ideal lambertian level.

Examples 16 to 31

The light modulation sheet provided in embodiment 1, wherein the thickness H of the substrate is 0.15mm, the roughness Ra of the light incident surface 001 and the light emitting surface 002 of the substrate is less than 0.05 μm, the substrate is a glass substrate, the material 0A is silicate glass, and the other parameters are listed in table 4.

TABLE 4 comparison of the Properties of examples 16-31 under different forms of input light

Notes 1 to 3 are as in Table 2

As shown in Table 4, it is clear from comparative examples 16 to 19 that phi of output light is obtained when a light enters a specific sensor light modulation layer in a normal direction (example 16)₂Less than 120 deg., i.e. not reaching the ideal lambertian level, when following the input light phi₁When the volume becomes larger, the volume scattering effect is still further enhanced, phi₂Becoming larger and closer to the ideal lambertian level. It can be seen from comparison of examples 20 to 28 that, for a specific sensor light modulation layer, when D' is sufficiently large and the optical properties of the light scattering agent and the propagation medium are reasonably matched, Φ of output light after normal collimation incidence (example 20) is performed₂Can be equal to 120 deg., i.e., reach an ideal lambertian level, when the output light is at the ideal lambertian level regardless of the change in the input light shape. It can be seen from the comparison of examples 29 to 31 that when the normal input light is not axisymmetric, the symmetry of the output light may be the same as that of the input light, or may be higher than that of the input light, and especially when D' is sufficiently large, the scattering effect of the body is enhanced, the symmetry is improved, and when the output light reaches the lambertian level, the output light is axisymmetric no matter what kind of symmetric form the input light is.

Examples 32 to 44

The light modulation sheet provided in embodiment 1, wherein the thickness H of the substrate is 0.15mm, the roughness Ra of the light incident surface 001 and the light emitting surface 002 of the substrate is less than 0.05 μm, the substrate is a glass substrate, the material 0A is silicate glass, and the other parameters are listed in table 5.

TABLE 5 comparison of the Properties of examples 32-44 at different incident angles of the input light

Notes 1 to 3 are as in Table 2

As shown in Table 5, it can be seen from comparative examples 32 to 44 that, when D' of a specific sensor light modulation layer is sufficiently large and the optical properties of the light scattering agent and the propagation medium are reasonably matched, phi of output light after normal incidence (examples 32 and 38) is obtained₂Can be very close to 120 deg., i.e., very close to the ideal lambertian level, whether collimated input light or diffuse (phi of input light)₁Can be 0 degree, 30 degree and 60 degree, and can finally lead the output light phi to be output no matter how the incident angle changes₂Reaching 112-120 degrees, namely reaching Lambert body level. Meanwhile, as can be seen from examples 32 to 44, when the output light reaches the lambertian level, the average incident angle θ is changed₁Average exit angle θ of the output light₂The influence of (2) is not large, and the range of the angles is 0-2 degrees. In summary, when the output light reaches the Lambertian level, Φ₂And theta₂Insensitive to the incident angle.

Examples 45 to 58

The light modulation sheet provided in embodiment 1, wherein the thickness H of the substrate is 0.15mm, the roughness Ra of the light incident surface 001 and the light emitting surface 002 of the substrate is less than 0.05 μm, the substrate is a glass substrate, the material 0A is silicate glass, and the other parameters are listed in table 6.

TABLE 6 comparison of the Performance of examples 45-58 at normal axisymmetric collimated input light

Notes 1 to 3 are as in Table 2

Note 4: when the polymer is a complex, it may be mixed or copolymerized. When the particles are compounded, only mixing is performed.

Note 5: the compounding ratio of the resin is generally 100/1-1/100. The PB/IB compounding ratio is generally 100/1-5/1, and a single type is represented by 1/0.

Note 6: different input lights are collimated lights, the space is axisymmetric, and theta₁At 0 deg., normal incidence. The output light is spatially axisymmetric and exits in the normal direction.

As shown in Table 6, it is understood from comparative examples 45 to 47 that when the optical characteristics of the two propagation media are close to each other, the control effect is hardly affected if the light scattering agent is not changed, regardless of the change in the ratio. It can be seen from comparison of examples 45 and 48 to 54 that the combination of the comprehensive optical properties of the propagation medium combination and the comprehensive optical properties of the particle combination affects the control effect. As can be seen from comparison of examples 55 to 58, the inorganic particles have a particle size generally smaller than that of the polymer particles and a higher concentration per unit volume, and thus the increase in the ratio of the inorganic particles can rapidly enhance the volume scattering and provide a better control effect.

Examples 59 to 66

The light modulation sheet provided in embodiment 1, wherein the thickness H of the substrate is 0.15mm, the roughness Ra of the light incident surface 001 and the light emitting surface 002 of the substrate is less than 0.05 μm, the substrate is a glass substrate, the material 0A is silicate glass, and the other parameters are listed in table 7.

TABLE 7 comparison of Performance of examples 59-66 of different wavelength Normal axisymmetric collimated light

Notes 1 to 3 are as in Table 2

Note 4: the input lights with different wavelengths are collimated lights, the space is axisymmetric, and theta₁At 0 deg., normal incidence. The output light is spatially axisymmetric and exits in the normal direction.

As shown in Table 7, it can be seen from comparative examples 59 to 66 that the intensity of the volume scattering may not be the same when the lights with the same shape and different wavelengths pass through the same light modulation layer, and the difference is relatively small in the Mi scattering region (as in examples 59 to 62), but is relatively small in the Rayleigh scattering region (as in the Rayleigh scattering region)Examples 63-66) this difference is large, since the intensity of bulk scattering in this region is inversely proportional to the 4 th power of the wavelength, the long wave changes less to the form of the output light, and to Φ₂The magnitude of the boost is smaller. Based on the principle, the light modulation layer can also realize volume scattering regulation and control of wavelength differentiation as long as the formula is proper.

Examples 67 to 72

The light modulation sheet provided in embodiment 1, wherein the thickness H of the substrate is 0.15mm, the roughness Ra of the light incident surface 001 and the light emitting surface 002 of the substrate is less than 0.05 μm, the substrate is a glass substrate, the material 0A is silicate glass, and the other parameters are listed in table 8.

TABLE 8 comparison of thickness and fill factor for examples 67-72 at the same beam angle

Notes 1 to 3 are as in Table 2

As shown in Table 8, it can be seen from comparative examples 67 to 72 that, when other conditions are not changed, by controlling the combination of T and D ', i.e., T is increased and D' is decreased, or T is decreased and D 'is increased, both approaches can achieve similar scattering effects, e.g., T of examples 67 to 72 is varied from 50 to 2000 μm, and D' is varied from 0.3 to 0.01, but Φ of the final output light₂All are in the range of 113-114 degrees.

Examples 73 to 107

The light control sheet according to embodiment 20, wherein the thickness H, the roughness Ra of the light incident/emitting surface, the type and the material 0A of the substrate are listed in table 9, and the other parameters are the same as those in embodiment 20.

TABLE 9 substrate parameters for examples 73-107

Notes 1 to 3 are as in Table 2

As shown in Table 9, it is understood from comparative examples 73 to 107 that the effect of controlling the gloss control sheet is not affected by changing the type, thickness and material of the substrate.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the disclosure of the present invention are covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The sensor dimming sheet is characterized by comprising a dimming layer and a substrate, wherein the dimming layer is arranged on one surface of the substrate; the light modulation layer and the substrate are both provided with a light incident surface and a light emergent surface; the dimming layer comprises a light scattering agent, the light scattering agent is arranged between the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the dimming layer, and the filling rate D' of the light scattering agent in the dimming layer is 0.01-0.85.

2. The sensor dimming sheet of claim 1, wherein the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the dimming layer is less than or equal to 250nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the dimming layer is less than or equal to 250 nm; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the matrix is less than or equal to 250nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the matrix is less than or equal to 250 nm.

3. The sensor dimmer of claim 2, wherein the dimmer layer comprises a transmission medium and a light scattering agent dispersed in the transmission medium; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the light modulation layer is less than 250nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the light modulation layer is less than 250 nm; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the substrate is less than 250nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the substrate is less than 250 nm.

4. The sensor dimming sheet according to claim 2, wherein the thickness T of the dimming layer is 5-2000 μm; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the light modulation layer is less than 100nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the light modulation layer is less than 100 nm; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the substrate is less than 100nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the substrate is less than 100 nm.

5. The sensor dimmer of claim 3, wherein the propagation medium is selected from polymer resins.

6. The light modulator according to claim 2, wherein the particle size D of the light scattering agent is selected from 0.1-50 μm.

7. The sensor dimming sheet of claim 2, wherein the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the dimming layer is less than 50nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the dimming layer is less than 50 nm; the surface roughness Ra of the light incident surface of the substrate is less than 50nm, and the surface roughness Ra of the light emergent surface of the substrate is less than 50 nm.

8. The sensor dimmer according to claim 2, wherein when the thickness T of the dimming layer is selected to be high, the filling rate D' of the light scattering agent is selected to be low; when the thickness T of the light modulation layer is selected to be low, the filling rate D' of the light scattering agent is selected to be high.

9. A method for preparing the sensor dimmer according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

(2) preparing the pre-dispersion obtained in the step (1) into a layered body;

10. A method for preparing the sensor dimmer according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: