CN111441045A - Electron beam deposition nozzle and method - Google Patents
Electron beam deposition nozzle and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111441045A CN111441045A CN202010469811.1A CN202010469811A CN111441045A CN 111441045 A CN111441045 A CN 111441045A CN 202010469811 A CN202010469811 A CN 202010469811A CN 111441045 A CN111441045 A CN 111441045A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
Abstract
The invention discloses an electron beam deposition nozzle and a method, comprising a nozzle and a high-pressure gas heater, wherein a heating cavity is arranged in the high-pressure gas heater, a high-pressure gas interface communicated with the heating cavity is arranged on the high-pressure gas heater, and an electron beam device connecting port is arranged at the upper end of the high-pressure gas heater; the nozzle is a conical nozzle, the nozzle is of a hollow structure, the small end of the nozzle is provided with an electron beam hole for an electron beam to pass through, the large end of the nozzle is connected with the lower end of the high-pressure gas heater, a plurality of valve pulling pipes are uniformly and symmetrically arranged in the nozzle along the circumferential direction of the nozzle, the valve pulling pipes extend from the large end face of the nozzle to the small end face of the nozzle, the valve pulling pipes comprise a contraction section, a throat opening and an expansion section which are sequentially communicated in the direction from the large end face to the small end face of the nozzle, the inlet of the contraction section of the valve pulling pipes is communicated with the heating cavity of the high-pressure gas heater, and a powder feeding pipeline communicated with the throat opening is. The invention can realize the coupling of the electron beam and the powder beam in one structure and ensure the coating quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electron beam deposition, and particularly relates to an electron beam deposition nozzle and an electron beam deposition method, which are used for efficient operation of a composite electron beam device.
Background
The electron beam deposition technology is characterized in that electron beams are synchronously introduced into a coating deposition process, spray particles, a base material or both are heated and softened by the electron beams and deposited on the surface of a base material to form a coating containing metallurgical bonding and mechanical bonding, or the electron beam deposition technology is used for 3D printing technology to directly perform solid printing on a three-dimensional model.
At present, in the process of realizing an electron beam deposition technology, an electron beam and a spray gun are generally adopted for external coupling to achieve the effect of electron beam deposition, wherein one mode is that an electron beam device is perpendicular to a substrate, the spray gun feeds powder in the lateral direction, the other mode is that the spray gun is perpendicular to the substrate, and the electron beam inputs high-density energy in the lateral direction.
In the existing external coupling operation, the coating quality is difficult to ensure, defects such as air holes, inclusions, cracks and the like can occur, the porosity is high, the heat affected zone is wide, the dilution rate is high, the combination with the base material is not firm, a large number of cracks vertical to the growth direction of the coating can occur on a combination interface, and the problems of low powder utilization rate, low deposition efficiency and the like can be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the electron beam deposition nozzle and the electron beam deposition method.
An electron beam deposition nozzle comprises a nozzle and a high-pressure gas heater, wherein the high-pressure gas heater is cylindrical, a heating cavity is arranged in the high-pressure gas heater, a high-pressure gas interface communicated with the heating cavity is arranged on the high-pressure gas heater, and an electron beam device connecting port capable of being connected with an electron beam device is arranged at the upper end of the high-pressure gas heater; the nozzle is a conical nozzle, the nozzle is of a hollow structure, the small end of the nozzle is provided with an electron beam hole for an electron beam to pass through, the large end of the nozzle is connected with the lower end of the high-pressure gas heater, a plurality of valve pulling pipes are uniformly and symmetrically arranged in the nozzle along the circumferential direction of the nozzle, the valve pulling pipes extend from the large end face of the nozzle to the small end face of the nozzle, the valve pulling pipes comprise a contraction section, a throat opening and an expansion section which are sequentially communicated in the direction from the large end face to the small end face of the nozzle, the inlet of the contraction section of the valve pulling pipes is communicated with the heating cavity of the high-pressure gas heater, and a powder feeding pipeline communicated with the throat opening is.
Preferably, the axes of the outlet openings of the diverging sections of all the valve tubes intersect at a point.
Preferably, the included angle between the axis of the contraction section of the valve pulling pipe and the axis of the powder feeding pipeline is an acute angle.
Preferably, the contraction section and the expansion section are both circular truncated cone-shaped inner holes, the diameter of the small end of the contraction section is 1-10-mm, the length of the contraction section is 3-50mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the contraction section and the central shaft of the pull valve pipe is 5-15 degrees; the throat opening is circular or elliptical and has an arc shape, and the diameter of the throat opening is 1-10 mm; the diameter of the outlet of the expansion section is 1-10mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the expansion section and the central axis of the pull valve pipe is 5-15 degrees.
Preferably, the small end surface of the nozzle is a concave conical surface.
Preferably, the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas heater is provided with a heating element, and the wall surface of the heating cavity of the high-pressure gas heater is provided with a heat preservation layer.
An electron beam deposition method comprising the process of:
connecting the electron beam deposition nozzle with an electron beam device;
starting an electron beam, wherein the electron beam penetrates through an inner cavity of the high-pressure gas heater and an inner cavity of the nozzle, penetrates out of an electron beam hole in the nozzle and then reaches a designated area on the surface of the base material;
high-pressure gas is introduced into a heating cavity in the high-pressure gas heater from a high-pressure gas interface on the high-pressure gas heater, the high-pressure gas enters a valve pulling pipe from the heating cavity, the high-pressure gas flows out from the end face of the small end of a nozzle after being accelerated by the valve pulling pipe, the high-pressure gas starts to be heated after the pressure of the high-pressure gas is stabilized, after the high-pressure gas is heated to a preset temperature, powder is conveyed to a throat of the valve pulling pipe through a powder conveying pipeline, the powder is in contact with the high-pressure gas at the throat, the high-pressure gas carries the heated and accelerated powder to be sprayed out from an expansion section of the valve pulling pipe, and the powder sprayed out from the expansion section of the valve pulling pipe is deposited in a specified area on.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the electron beam deposition nozzle, a plurality of valve pulling pipes are arranged in the nozzle, the valve pulling pipes comprise a contraction section, a throat and an expansion section which are sequentially communicated from the large end face to the small end face of the nozzle, a powder feeding pipeline communicated with the throat is arranged at the position of the throat on the nozzle, powder can be accelerated by high-pressure gas by using the valve pulling pipes and the powder feeding pipeline, a heating cavity is arranged in a high-pressure gas heater, so that the high-pressure gas is heated, the high-pressure gas is expanded, the pressure is continuously and stably provided, high-speed guarantee is provided for the powder, the powder can be heated by the heated high-pressure high-speed gas, a high-quality coating can be formed when the heated powder is contacted with an electron beam, the internal residual stress is reduced, and the bonding strength with a matrix material is enhanced. The high-pressure gas heater and the nozzle of the structure can provide a channel for electron beams, and the valve pulling tube extends from the large end face of the nozzle to the small end face of the nozzle, so that powder can directly contact with the electron beams and move in the approximately same direction after coming out of the expanding section of the valve pulling tube, the contact distance between the electron beams and the powder beams and the contact angle (approaching to a right angle) between the electron beams and a base material can be increased, softening and deposition of the powder are facilitated, defects of air holes, inclusion, cracks and the like can be avoided to a large extent, and the coating quality is improved. The electron beam deposition device has the advantages that the structural design is innovative, the structural design support is provided for the electron beam deposition, the number of devices and the device space required for realizing the electron beam deposition are reduced, the whole structure conforms to the strict technical principle, the design is compact, and the operation efficiency in the processing and manufacturing process is improved.
Furthermore, the contraction section and the expansion section are both truncated cone-shaped inner holes, the diameter of the small end of the contraction section is 1-10-mm, the length of the contraction section is 3-50mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the contraction section and the central shaft of the pull valve pipe is 5-15 degrees; the throat opening is circular or elliptical, and the diameter of the throat opening is 1-10 mm; the diameter of an outlet of the expansion section is 1-10mm, the included angle between the inner wall of the expansion section and the central shaft of the valve pulling pipe is 5-15 degrees, the parameters of the valve pulling pipe are optimized parameters, high-speed operation of powder can be guaranteed, if the parameters are not in the range, the speed of the powder cannot be guaranteed, and the uniformity of the discharged powder cannot be guaranteed.
Furthermore, the small end face of the nozzle is an inwards concave conical surface, so that the electron beam and the powder can be contacted as soon as possible, the energy gathering effect is achieved, the cooling is reduced, and the deposition quality is improved.
The electron beam deposition method can directly work when in deposition by adopting the electron beam deposition nozzle, avoids the deposition by external coupling of an electron beam and a spray gun in the prior art, has good powder softening degree, is easy to combine with a base material to form a coating, and has good contact angle between the powder, the electron beam and the surface of the base material, thereby greatly increasing the powder amount which can act with the electron beam and improving the utilization rate of the powder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an electron beam deposition nozzle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a de-capping electron beam deposition showerhead of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of an electron beam deposition showerhead of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a detailed view of the pull valve tube of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-electron beam device connector, 2-insulating layer, 3-high pressure gas interface, 4-heating element, 5-valve pulling tube 6-, powder feeding pipeline, 7-nozzle inner hole, 8-temperature sensing tube, 9 precision temperature sensing tube, 10 wiring port, 11 throat, 12 heating element interface, 13-nozzle, 14-high pressure gas heater, 15-electron beam hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, 3 and 4, the electron beam deposition nozzle of the present invention includes a nozzle 13 and a high-pressure gas heater 14, the high-pressure gas heater 14 is cylindrical, a heating cavity is arranged inside the high-pressure gas heater 14, a high-pressure gas connector 3 communicated with the heating cavity is arranged on the high-pressure gas heater 14, and an electron beam device connector 1 capable of being connected with an electron beam device is arranged at the upper end of the high-pressure gas heater 14; the nozzle 13 is a conical nozzle, the nozzle 13 is a hollow structure, the small end of the nozzle 13 is provided with an electron beam hole 15 for passing an electron beam, the large end of the nozzle 13 is connected with the lower end of a high-pressure gas heater 14, a plurality of valve pulling pipes 5 are uniformly and symmetrically arranged in the nozzle 13 along the circumferential direction, the valve pulling pipes 5 extend from the large end face of the nozzle 13 to the small end face of the nozzle 13, the valve pulling pipes 5 comprise a contraction section, a throat 11 and an expansion section which are sequentially communicated in the direction from the large end face to the small end face of the nozzle 13, the contraction section, the throat 11 and the expansion section are coaxial, the inlet of the contraction section of the valve pulling pipe 5 is communicated with a heating cavity of the high-pressure gas heater 14, and a powder feeding pipeline 6 communicated with the throat 11 is arranged on the nozzle 13 at the.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the axes of the diverging section outlets of all the valve pulling tubes 5 intersect at a point.
Referring to fig. 4, the included angle between the axis of the contraction section of the valve pulling tube 5 and the axis of the powder feeding pipe 6 is an acute angle.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, referring to FIG. 4, the contraction section and the expansion section are both truncated cone-shaped inner holes, the diameter of the small end of the contraction section is 1-10mm, the length of the contraction section is 3-50mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the contraction section and the central axis of the valve pulling pipe 5 is 5-15 degrees; the throat 11 is circular or elliptical and the like arc, and the diameter of the throat 11 is 1-10 mm; the diameter of the outlet of the expansion section is 1-10mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the expansion section and the central axis of the valve pulling pipe 5 is 5-15 degrees.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the small end surface of the nozzle 13 is a concave conical surface.
Referring to fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a heating element 4 is provided in an inner cavity of a high pressure gas heater 14, and an insulating layer 2 is provided on a wall surface of a heating cavity of the high pressure gas heater 14.
The electron beam deposition method comprises the following processes:
connecting the electron beam deposition nozzle with an electron beam device;
starting an electron beam, wherein the electron beam penetrates through the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas heater 14 and the inner cavity of the nozzle 13, and penetrates out of an electron beam hole 15 on the nozzle 13 to reach a designated area on the surface of the base material;
high-pressure gas is introduced into a heating cavity in the high-pressure gas heater 14 from a high-pressure gas interface 3 on the high-pressure gas heater 14, the high-pressure gas enters a valve pulling pipe 5 from the heating cavity, the high-pressure gas is accelerated by the valve pulling pipe 5 and then flows out from the small end face of a nozzle 13, after the pressure of the high-pressure gas is stabilized, the high-pressure gas is heated, when the high-pressure gas is heated to a preset temperature, powder is conveyed to a throat 11 of the valve pulling pipe 5 through a powder conveying pipeline 6, the powder is in contact with the high-pressure gas at the throat 11, the high-pressure gas carries the heated and accelerated powder to be sprayed out from an expansion section of the valve pulling pipe 5, and the powder sprayed out from the expansion section of the valve pulling pipe 5 is deposited in a designated area on the surface.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the electron beam deposition nozzle of the present embodiment includes an electron beam device connector 1 for connecting to an electron beam device, and an electron beam can pass through an inner hole reserved in the middle and couple to a lower powder beam for performing electron beam deposition.
The heat preservation ring 2 is arranged on the inner wall of the heating cavity and used for preserving heat generated by the heating element 4, and because the gas introduced by the high-pressure gas connector 3 is high-pressure gas, the gas flow speed is high, the heat dissipation is serious, heat preservation is needed to be carried out on the heating element part to reduce heat loss, and the pressure of the heated high-pressure gas is increased at the moment and enters the pull valve pipe 5 arranged at the bottom; the heating element 4 is the key for accelerating the powder, the gas expands under high temperature, the gas pressure increases instantaneously and is accelerated by the structure of the valve pulling pipe 5, and the powder is accelerated at the position of the outlet (i.e. the outlet of the expansion section) of the valve pulling pipe 5. The heating element 4 adopts an electric heating metal tube type spiral structure, and gas in the heating cavity is heated by strong turbulent heat exchange with the metal tube; the structure can lead the gas to be gathered with the powder in the channel of the spray head from the upper part of the heating element to the tail end of the heating element, thereby leading the heat utilization rate to be maximum, simultaneously leading the external high-pressure gas to ensure that the temperature in the pipe can not be greatly raised, and needing no special external high-temperature protection measure; the spiral pipeline of the heating element and the metal shell are filled through a heat-insulating brick and a ceramic fiber heat-insulating layer. The spiral pipeline heating element is a high-temperature-resistant metal pipe structure, and is made of high-temperature-resistant alloy, constantan or manganese steel; the resistivity of the spiral pipeline metal needs to be 0.8 omega.m, when the heating temperature is above 600 ℃, the high-temperature resistant alloy is adopted, the spiral metal pipe of the heating element needs to be formed once and cannot be formed twice, and the length is 2 to 9 meters; the thickness of the pipe wall is uniform and consistent and is ensured to be between 1.2 and 2.0 millimeters; the metal pipe of the heating element is required to be processed into a spiral pipe, the radius of the spiral pipe is less than 8cm, the spiral pipe can be freely angled, the corresponding distance of the pipe is controlled between 3mm and 30mm, and the pipe cannot be mechanically damaged when the spiral pipe is processed; the heat-insulating ring is arranged around the heating element, the heat-insulating ring can be made of glass wool products, heat-insulating blankets, heat-insulating foam glass and polyurethane, and the heat-insulating coefficient of the selected heat-insulating ring is low; the pressure resistance of the metal material is required to be better, and stainless steel is generally selected; the power connecting wire of the heating element is generally common stainless steel or the same material as the heating element; the power supply of the heating element uses an inverter power supply, and the required power is not less than 5kw because instantaneous heating is needed; it is desirable that the pressure loss in the heating system be less than 0.2Mpa at the location of the heating element.
The wiring port 10 is positioned on the arc ring of the outer cylinder of the high-pressure gas heater 14, in order to ensure the tightness of the inside (namely the heating cavity) of the high-pressure gas heater 14, the wiring port needs to be arranged on the arc ring of the outer wall of the high-pressure gas heater 14, and also prevents the outer wall of the high-pressure gas heater 14 from overheating and damaging a circuit, the heating element interface 12 is arranged on the inner wall of the outer cylinder of the high-pressure gas heater 14, the replaceability of the heating element 4 is required, the heating element 4 needs to be inserted into the heating element interface 12 for working, the precise temperature sensing tube 9 is arranged in the heating cavity, can precisely sense the instantaneous temperature in the heating cavity and send the temperature in a signal form, an operator can conveniently adjust the temperature in the heating cavity, the temperature sensing tube 8 is arranged in the heating cavity, the temperature sensing tube 8 only senses one temperature point, the temperature sensing tube 8 can send out alarm signal, and the signal that the temperature sensing tube 8 sent is perceived to heating element 4 simultaneously, and heating element interface 12 can stop the power supply immediately, and heating element 4 can stop heating immediately, and the high-pressure gas of high-pressure gas interface 3 position is as ventilating often, can take away the heat in the heating chamber, and the temperature of heating intracavity portion can descend immediately, realizes the heating to high-pressure draught. The spiral pipeline heating element is provided with a plurality of pairs of thermocouples which can be welded at positions with even distance for monitoring the temperature of the pipe wall and preventing the pipe from cracking due to overheating of the metal shell barrel.
The valve pulling pipe 5 is arranged in the nozzle of the nozzle, the structure of the valve pulling pipe 5 mainly comprises three parts, the first part is the first half section of the valve pulling pipe 5 and is called a contraction section, gas can generate higher pressure than high-pressure gas in the contraction section, the second part is a throat 11 which is a key part for accelerating powder, meanwhile, the throat 11 is also the optimal part for feeding powder, the lower end of the throat 11 is an expansion section and is the third part, the gas can accelerate in the expansion section at the lower end of the throat 11, the throat 11 can generate a negative pressure zone at the moment and is positioned at the tail end of the powder feeding pipeline 6, the powder can be sucked into the expansion section of the valve pulling pipe 5 as long as the powder feeding pipeline has powder, heated gas meets the powder at the throat 11, the powder is heated and softened, the powder enters the expansion section together with the accelerated high-pressure gas to accelerate, the aim of accelerating is achieved, the three powder beams are sprayed from the outlet parts and interact with electron beams, electron beam deposition is formed. The minimum of the contraction section of the valve pulling pipe 5 is between 1mm and 10mm in diameter, the minimum length of the contraction section is between 3mm and 50mm, and the minimum included angle between the annular inner wall of the contraction section and the central shaft of the valve pulling pipe 5 is between 5 degrees and 15 degrees; the diameter of the throat 11 is 1-10mm, and the throat 11 is circular or elliptical or other circular arcs; the minimum diameter of the outlet of the expansion section is between 1 and 10mm, and the minimum included angle between the inner wall of the expansion section and the central axis of the valve pulling pipe 5 is between 5 and 15 degrees.
The casing of the nozzle 13 and the casing of the high-pressure gas heater 14 are made of light alloy materials with good heat conductivity.
Example 2
Selecting No. 45 steel as a base material, selecting alcohol or acetone to clean the surface of the base material, selecting alcohol as a cleaning agent when the base material is smaller, placing the base material in a beaker to perform ultrasonic cleaning, selecting Al2O3 with the average particle size of 35 mu m as a spraying material after cleaning, removing dirt and oxide skin on the surface of No. 45 steel by using a sand blasting process in advance, using Q285 powder as a raw material of a coating, starting an electron beam, enabling the electron beam to reach a designated area on the surface of the base material through a nozzle inner hole 7, starting high-pressure gas to be introduced into a high-pressure gas interface 3 to adjust the high-pressure gas to a designated gas pressure, starting a wiring port 10 to be connected with a power supply, starting heating the heating element 4 to heat gas after a heating element interface 12 is electrified, starting detecting the temperature of a precise temperature sensing tube 9, ensuring that the temperature sensing tube 8 is in an unalarmed state after, the powder reaches the throat 11 and contacts with the heated high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas carries the heated and accelerated powder to be sprayed out from the expansion section of the valve pulling pipe 5, the powder sprayed out of the three valve pulling pipes 5 and the electron beams act on the designated area of the base material, and the movement control system controls the spray head to start moving according to the specified command. The moving speed of the electron beam deposition nozzle is 100mm/s, the air pressure connected to the high-pressure air interface 3 is 1Mpa, the detection temperature of the precision temperature sensing tube 9 is 400 ℃, the distance between the electron beam deposition nozzle and the surface of the base material is 20mm, the diameter of a spraying area formed by the electron beam deposition nozzle is 4mm, and the thickness of the coating is 0.5 mm.
Example 3:
selecting T7 steel as a base material, selecting alcohol or acetone to clean the surface of the base material, selecting alcohol as a cleaning agent when the base material is smaller, placing the base material in a beaker to carry out ultrasonic cleaning, selecting Q258 alloy with the average particle size of 35 mu m as a spraying material after cleaning, removing dirt and oxide skin on the surface of T7 steel by using a sand blasting process in advance, using No. 45 steel powder as a raw material of a coating, starting an electron beam, reaching a specified area on the surface of the base material through a nozzle inner hole 7, starting high-pressure gas to be introduced into a high-pressure gas interface 3, adjusting to the specified gas pressure, starting a wiring port 10 to be connected with a power supply, starting heating the heating element 4 to heat the gas after the heating element interface 12 is electrified, starting detection of the temperature by a precision temperature sensing tube 9, ensuring that the temperature sensing tube 8 is in an unalarged state after the temperature reaches a specified range, starting powder, the powder reaches the throat 11 and contacts with the heated high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas carries the heated and accelerated powder to be sprayed out from the expansion section of the valve pulling pipe 5, the powder sprayed out of the three valve pulling pipes 5 and the electron beams act on the designated area of the base material, and the movement control system controls the spray head to start moving according to the specified command. The moving speed of the electron beam deposition nozzle is 50mm/s, the air pressure connected to the high-pressure air interface 3 is 5Mpa, the detection temperature of the precision temperature sensing tube 9 is 600 ℃, the distance between the electron beam deposition nozzle and the surface of the base material is 30mm, the diameter of a spraying area formed by the electron beam deposition nozzle is 8mm, and the thickness of the coating is 1 mm.
Example 4
Designing a hydraulic cylinder piston rod through three-dimensional model software, cutting the hydraulic cylinder piston rod by using three-dimensional cutting software, wherein the thickness of each layer is 0.1mm, 150 layers are required to be sprayed, the final thickness is 10.5mm, 1Cr13 steel is selected as a base material, alcohol or acetone is selected to clean the surface of the base material, Q285BZ alloy with the average particle size of 35 mu m is selected as a spraying material, dirt and oxide skin on the surface of 1Cr13 steel are removed by using a sand blasting process in advance, Q235 powder is used as a raw material of a coating, an electron beam is started, the electron beam reaches a specified area on the surface of the base material through a nozzle inner hole 7, a high-pressure gas is started to be connected to a high-pressure gas interface 3, the high-pressure gas is regulated to a specified gas pressure, a wiring port 10 is started to be connected with a power supply, after a heating element interface 12, when the temperature sensing pipe 8 is ensured to be in an unalarged state, the powder feeding pipeline 6 starts to be connected with the powder, the powder reaches the throat 11 and contacts with the heated high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas carries the heated and accelerated powder to be sprayed out from the expansion section of the valve pulling pipe 5, the powder sprayed out of the three valve pulling pipes 5 and the electron beams act on the appointed area of the base material, and at the moment, the movement control system controls the spray head to start to move according to the specified instruction. The moving speed of the electron beam deposition nozzle is 10mm/s, the air pressure connected to the high-pressure air interface 3 is 0.5Mpa, the detection temperature of the precision temperature sensing tube 9 is 200 ℃, the distance between the electron beam deposition nozzle and the surface of the base material is 10mm, the diameter of a spraying area formed by the electron beam deposition nozzle is 6mm, and the thickness of the coating is 0.1 mm.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. It is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. An electron beam deposition nozzle is characterized by comprising a nozzle (13) and a high-pressure gas heater (14), wherein the high-pressure gas heater (14) is cylindrical, a heating cavity is arranged in the high-pressure gas heater (14), a high-pressure gas interface (3) communicated with the heating cavity is arranged on the high-pressure gas heater (14), and the upper end of the high-pressure gas heater (14) is provided with an electron beam device connecting port (1) capable of being connected with an electron beam device; the nozzle (13) is a conical nozzle, the nozzle (13) is of a hollow structure, the small end of the nozzle (13) is provided with an electron beam hole (15) for passing an electron beam, the large end of the nozzle (13) is connected with the lower end of a high-pressure gas heater (14), a plurality of valve pulling pipes (5) are uniformly and symmetrically distributed in the nozzle (13) along the circumferential direction of the nozzle (13), the valve pulling pipes (5) extend from the large end face of the nozzle (13) to the small end face of the nozzle (13), the valve pulling pipes (5) comprise a contraction section, a throat (11) and an expansion section which are sequentially communicated in the direction from the large end face to the small end face of the nozzle (13), the inlet of the contraction section of the valve pulling pipe (5) is communicated with the heating cavity of the high-pressure gas heater (14), and a powder feeding pipeline (6) communicated with the throat (11) is arranged on the nozzle (13) at the.
2. An electron beam deposition nozzle as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the axes of the outlet openings of the diverging sections of all the valve tubes (5) intersect at a point.
3. The electron beam deposition nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the included angle between the axis of the contraction section of the valve pulling tube (5) and the axis of the powder feeding pipe (6) is an acute angle.
4. The electron beam deposition nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the contraction section and the expansion section are both truncated cone-shaped inner holes, the diameter of the small end of the contraction section is 1-10mm, the length of the contraction section is 3-50mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the contraction section and the central axis of the valve pulling tube (5) is 5-15 degrees; the throat (11) is round or oval, and the diameter of the throat (11) is 1-10 mm; the diameter of the outlet of the expansion section is 1-10mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the expansion section and the central axis of the valve pulling pipe (5) is 5-15 degrees.
5. An electron beam deposition nozzle as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the small end face of the nozzle (13) is a concave conical surface.
6. An electron beam deposition nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure gas heater (14) is provided with a heating element (4) in its inner cavity, and the high-pressure gas heater 14 is provided with an insulating layer (2) on its wall surface.
7. An electron beam deposition method, comprising the steps of:
connecting the electron beam deposition nozzle of any of claims 1-6 to an electron beam device;
starting an electron beam, wherein the electron beam penetrates through an inner cavity of the high-pressure gas heater (14) and an inner cavity of the nozzle (13) and penetrates out of an electron beam hole (15) on the nozzle (13) to reach a designated area on the surface of the base material;
high-pressure gas is introduced into a heating cavity in the high-pressure gas heater (14) from a high-pressure gas interface (3) on the high-pressure gas heater (14), the high-pressure gas enters a valve pulling pipe (5) from the heating cavity, the high-pressure gas is accelerated by the valve pulling pipe (5) and flows out from the small end face of a nozzle (13), after the pressure of the high-pressure gas is stabilized, the high-pressure gas is heated, after the high-pressure gas is heated to a preset temperature, powder is conveyed to a throat (11) of the valve pulling pipe (5) through a powder conveying pipeline (6), the powder is in contact with the high-pressure gas at the throat (11), the high-pressure gas carries the heated and accelerated powder to be sprayed out from an expansion section of the valve pulling pipe (5), and the electron beam which penetrates out of an electron beam hole (15) deposits the powder sprayed out from the expansion section of the valve pulling pipe (5) in a designated.
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| CN112848286A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 天津大学 | Multi-material powder additive manufacturing system and manufacturing method |
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| CN111441045B (en) | 2024-03-22 |
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