CN111440249A - Method for extracting Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide - Google Patents
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- CN111440249A CN111440249A CN202010426096.3A CN202010426096A CN111440249A CN 111440249 A CN111440249 A CN 111440249A CN 202010426096 A CN202010426096 A CN 202010426096A CN 111440249 A CN111440249 A CN 111440249A
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- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses an extraction method of Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide, and belongs to the technical field of food processing. The Fuzhuan tea is crushed and then subjected to ultrasonic treatment, and then the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide is extracted by adopting a water extraction and alcohol precipitation method. An ultrasonic-assisted hot water extraction method is adopted, the impact force, the shearing force and the cavitation of ultrasonic waves are utilized to promote the cell wall to be broken, and the dissolution of intracellular polysaccharide in hot water is accelerated. The Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide has the advantages of high extraction rate, high utilization rate of raw materials, short extraction time, small damage to the activity of polysaccharide, high extraction efficiency, simple required equipment, low extraction cost, no environmental safety problem and suitability for large-scale industrial production and application, and the efficient, convenient and environment-friendly polysaccharide extraction technology has wide application prospect along with the wide application of polysaccharide in the fields of food processing and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, and particularly relates to an extraction method of Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide.
Background
Fuzhuan tea is a post-fermentation black tea with unique characteristics, and the finished product is black brown, has strong fragrance, luxuriant golden flower and red and thick soup color, and has the effects of promoting digestion, invigorating stomach, regulating lipid metabolism, resisting inflammation, preventing cancer and the like. With the intensive research on the Fuzhuan tea, the Fuzhuan tea is found to contain functional components such as tea polysaccharide, tea polyphenol, theanine and the like. The active polysaccharide in the Fuzhuan tea has the biological function of regulating the metabolism of a human body. The polysaccharide can scavenge active oxygen to maintain the balance of free radicals of organisms so as to achieve antioxidant defense, can regulate intestinal flora and improve the microenvironment of gastrointestinal tracts so as to achieve the effect of preventing and treating diarrhea, and can also change the form and function of islet cells so as to achieve the effect of reducing blood sugar. However, the step of effectively extracting the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide from the Fuzhuan tea is a bottleneck for limiting the development and utilization of the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide.
At present, the extraction of polysaccharide is usually carried out by hot water extraction, acid-base extraction, enzyme method and the like. Prolonged hot water extraction can affect polysaccharide bioactivity; the polysaccharide obtained by the acid-alkali extraction method has low purity and higher requirement on the corrosion resistance of equipment, and the environment is influenced by the treatment of waste acid and alkali liquor; the protein content in the polysaccharide can be increased in the enzymatic extraction process, and the enzyme is volatile, not easy to store, high in cost and not suitable for large-scale industrial popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to provide an extraction method of Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide, which has the advantages of high extraction rate of Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide, short extraction time, small damage to polysaccharide activity, high extraction efficiency, simple required equipment, low extraction cost, no environmental safety problem, and suitability for industrial production and application.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the extraction method of Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
step 1: the Fuzhuan tea is crushed and sieved to obtain Fuzhuan tea powder;
step 2: adding distilled water into the Fuzhuan tea powder obtained in the step 1, fully and uniformly mixing, performing ultrasonic treatment at an ultrasonic frequency of 180-300 Hz, leaching in constant-temperature hot water, centrifuging or performing suction filtration, and collecting filtrate;
and step 3: and (3) repeating the operation of the step (2) on the filter residue for a plurality of times, combining the filtrates, concentrating, adding an ethanol solution into the concentrated solution, standing for precipitation, obtaining a precipitate after centrifugation or suction filtration, washing and drying the precipitate, adding distilled water, fully dissolving, and drying to obtain the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide.
Preferably, in the step 1, the sieving mesh number is 40-80 meshes.
Preferably, in the step 2, the material-liquid ratio of the Fuzhuan tea powder to the distilled water is 1 g: (10-50) ml.
Preferably, in the step 2, the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 10-50 min.
Preferably, in the step 2, the leaching temperature is 90-100 ℃, and the leaching time is 30-150 min.
Preferably, in step 3, the number of times of repeating the operation of step 2 is 2.
Preferably, in step 3, the concentration is carried out at 60 ℃ and the filtrate is concentrated to 1/4 in its original volume.
Preferably, in step 3, the volume fraction of ethanol in the ethanol solution is 95%, and the volume of the ethanol solution is 3 times that of the concentrated solution.
Preferably, in step 2 and step 3, if centrifugation is adopted, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 4000r/min, and the time of the centrifugation is 15 min.
Preferably, both drying in step 3 are freeze-dried under reduced pressure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention discloses an extraction method of Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide, which adopts an ultrasonic-assisted hot water extraction method, utilizes the impact force, the shearing force and the cavitation of ultrasonic waves to promote the breaking of cell walls and accelerates the dissolution of intracellular polysaccharide in hot water. Ultrasonic treatment with the frequency of 180-300 Hz is adopted, so that the plant fiber tissue in the Fu tea can be effectively damaged, and the extraction efficiency is improved; moderate ultrasonic power has the advantages of ensuring the extraction efficiency, simultaneously considering low energy consumption, low requirement on equipment and the like; the extraction process has low operation cost and ensures the economic benefit of the extraction process. The extraction method of the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide has the advantages of high extraction rate of the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide, high utilization rate of raw materials, short extraction time, small damage to the activity of the polysaccharide, high extraction efficiency, simple required equipment, low extraction cost and no environmental safety problem, is suitable for large-scale industrial production and application, and has wide application prospect along with the wide application of the polysaccharide in the fields of food processing and the like.
Further, the mesh number of sieving is 40 ~ 80 meshes, can effectively get rid of great fu brick tea granule, improves the extraction efficiency of polysaccharide, reduces unnecessary excessive smashing simultaneously, reduces the energy waste, reduces and extracts the cost.
Further, the mass ratio of the Fuzhuan tea powder to the distilled water is 1: (10-50), the polysaccharide in the raw materials can be fully extracted, and the concentration of the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide in the extract liquid cannot be reduced due to an excessively low feed-liquid ratio.
Furthermore, the time of ultrasonic treatment is 10-50 min, so that the polysaccharide in the raw material can be fully extracted by ultrasonic treatment, and the extraction cost cannot be increased due to overlong overtime.
Furthermore, the leaching temperature is 90-100 ℃, and the solubility of the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide can be improved; the leaching time is 30-150 min, so that the Fu tea polysaccharide can be fully dissolved in the leaching liquor.
Further, the step 2 is repeated for 2 times, so that the polysaccharide in the raw materials can be fully extracted.
Further, the concentration is carried out at 60 ℃ and at lower temperature, so that the structural integrity and the activity integrity of the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide can be ensured as much as possible. The filtrate is concentrated to 1/4 of the original volume, so that the concentration of the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide in the leaching solution can be improved, the volume of the leaching solution is reduced, and the subsequent operation is facilitated.
Further, 95% ethanol solution is adopted, so that the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide in the leaching liquor can be effectively and fully separated out; the dosage of the ethanol solution is 3 times of that of the concentrated solution, the precipitation effect is good, and the precipitation is sufficient.
Furthermore, the centrifugal rotating speed is 4000r/min, polysaccharide precipitation can be accelerated, and the extraction rate and the extraction efficiency are improved.
Furthermore, the two drying processes are decompression freeze drying, and the structural and activity integrity of the polysaccharide can be kept as much as possible under the low temperature condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a glucose standard curve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
Example 1
Step 1: after the Fuzhuan tea powder is crushed, the powder is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve, and 50g of the Fuzhuan tea powder is accurately weighed.
Step 2: mixing the material obtained in the step 1 with distilled water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1 g: mixing 10ml of the above components uniformly, performing ultrasonic treatment under the condition of ultrasonic power of 180Hz for 10min, leaching in hot water at 90 ℃ for 30min, centrifuging at the rotating speed of 4000r/min for 15min, respectively collecting filtrate and filter residue, repeating the operation on the filter residue once, collecting filtrate, discarding the filter residue, and combining the filtrates.
And step 3: concentrating the two filtrates at 60 deg.C under reduced pressure to 1/4, mixing the concentrated solution with ethanol solution 1: 3, adding an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 95%, standing for precipitation, centrifuging at the rotating speed of 4000r/min for 15min, discarding the supernatant, collecting the precipitate, washing the precipitate with a proper amount of absolute ethanol, drying under reduced pressure to fully volatilize the organic reagent, adding a proper amount of distilled water into the precipitate for full dissolution, and drying under reduced pressure and low temperature to obtain the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide.
Example 2
Step 1: after the Fuzhuan tea powder is crushed, the powder is sieved by a 60-mesh sieve, and 50g of the Fuzhuan tea powder is accurately weighed.
Step 2: mixing the material obtained in the step 1 with distilled water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1 g: mixing 30ml of the mixture uniformly, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min under the condition that the ultrasonic power is 180Hz, leaching for 90min in hot water at the temperature of 100 ℃, centrifuging for 15min at the rotating speed of 4000r/min, respectively collecting filtrate and filter residue, repeating the operation on the filter residue once, collecting filtrate, discarding the filter residue, and combining the filtrates.
And step 3: concentrating the two filtrates at 60 deg.C under reduced pressure to 1/4, mixing the concentrated solution with ethanol solution 1: 3, adding an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 95%, standing for precipitation, centrifuging at the rotating speed of 4000r/min for 15min, discarding the supernatant, collecting the precipitate, washing the precipitate with a proper amount of absolute ethanol, drying under reduced pressure to fully volatilize the organic reagent, adding a proper amount of distilled water into the precipitate for full dissolution, and drying under reduced pressure and low temperature to obtain the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide.
Example 3
Step 1: after the Fuzhuan tea powder is crushed, the powder is sieved by a 60-mesh sieve, and 50g of the Fuzhuan tea powder is accurately weighed.
Step 2: mixing the material obtained in the step 1 with distilled water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1 g: mixing 40ml of the mixture uniformly, performing ultrasonic treatment for 40min under the condition that the ultrasonic power is 210Hz, leaching for 120min in hot water at the temperature of 100 ℃, performing suction filtration by adopting a Buchner funnel, respectively collecting filtrate and filter residue, repeating the operation on the filter residue once, collecting the filtrate, discarding the filter, and combining the filtrates obtained in two times.
And step 3: concentrating the two filtrates at 60 deg.C under reduced pressure to 1/4, mixing the concentrated solution with ethanol solution 1: 3, adding an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 95%, standing for precipitation, performing suction filtration by using a Buchner funnel, discarding supernatant, collecting precipitate, washing the precipitate with a proper amount of absolute ethanol, performing reduced pressure drying to fully volatilize the organic reagent, adding a proper amount of distilled water into the precipitate for full dissolution, and performing reduced pressure low-temperature drying to obtain the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide.
Example 4
Step 1: after the Fuzhuan tea powder is crushed, the powder is sieved by a sieve with 80 meshes, and 50g of the Fuzhuan tea powder is accurately weighed.
Step 2: mixing the material obtained in the step 1 with distilled water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1 g: mixing 50ml of the above components uniformly, performing ultrasonic treatment for 50min under the condition that the ultrasonic power is 300Hz, leaching for 150min in hot water at 100 ℃, centrifuging for 15min at the rotating speed of 4000r/min, respectively collecting filtrate and filter residue, repeating the operation on the filter residue once, collecting filtrate, discarding the filter residue, and combining the filtrates.
And step 3: concentrating the two filtrates at 60 deg.C under reduced pressure to 1/4, mixing the concentrated solution with ethanol solution 1: 3, adding an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 95%, standing for precipitation, centrifuging at the rotating speed of 4000r/min for 15min, discarding the supernatant, collecting the precipitate, washing the precipitate with a proper amount of absolute ethanol, drying under reduced pressure to fully volatilize the organic reagent, adding a proper amount of distilled water into the precipitate for full dissolution, and drying under reduced pressure and low temperature to obtain the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide.
Total sugar content determination experiment
Determination of polysaccharides in foods of vegetable origin using SN/T4260-: and (3) measuring the total sugar content in the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide by a phenol-sulfuric acid method.
The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) making a standard curve
Accurately weighing 20mg of standard glucose into a 500m L volumetric flask, adding water to the scale, respectively sucking 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8m L, respectively supplementing distilled water to 2.0m L, then adding 6% phenol 1.0m L and concentrated sulfuric acid 5.0m L, shaking uniformly and cooling, standing at room temperature for 20min, measuring optical density under 490nm wavelength illumination, using 2.0m L water as a blank according to the same color development operation, wherein the abscissa is the number of milligrams of polysaccharide, and the ordinate is the optical density value, and obtaining a standard curve as shown in figure 1.
(2) Determination of total sugar content in Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide
Respectively taking 50mg of the samples prepared in the examples 1-4 to dissolve, transferring the samples to a 500m L volumetric flask, sucking a sample solution with the volume of 1.0m L into a test tube with the volume of 10m L, supplementing distilled water to 2.0m L, then adding 6% phenol 1.0m L and concentrated sulfuric acid 5.0m L, shaking up, cooling the test tube at room temperature, standing for 20min, measuring the optical density under the illumination of 490nm wavelength light, taking two samples for comparison in each measurement, calculating the polysaccharide content by using a standard curve, and measuring the results are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 determination of Total sugar in Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide
From the results, it can be seen that: mixing the materials with distilled water according to the material-liquid ratio of 1 g: 30ml, the ultrasonic power is 180Hz, the ultrasonic is 30min, the tuckahoe tea polysaccharide extracted under the condition of leaching for 90min in hot water at 100 ℃ is measured by a phenol-sulfuric acid method, and the percentage content is the highest and can reach 3.69%. The extraction method has the advantages of short extraction time, high extraction efficiency, simple required equipment, low extraction cost and environmental friendliness.
Claims (10)
1. The extraction method of Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the Fuzhuan tea is crushed and sieved to obtain Fuzhuan tea powder;
step 2: adding distilled water into the Fuzhuan tea powder obtained in the step 1, fully and uniformly mixing, performing ultrasonic treatment at an ultrasonic frequency of 180-300 Hz, leaching in constant-temperature hot water, centrifuging or performing suction filtration, and collecting filtrate;
and step 3: and (3) repeating the operation of the step (2) on the filter residue for a plurality of times, combining the filtrates, concentrating, adding an ethanol solution into the concentrated solution, standing for precipitation, obtaining a precipitate after centrifugation or suction filtration, washing and drying the precipitate, adding distilled water, fully dissolving, and drying to obtain the Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide.
2. The method for extracting Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide in accordance with claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the mesh number of the sieve is 40-80 meshes.
3. The method for extracting Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the material-liquid ratio of Fuzhuan tea powder to distilled water is 1 g: (10-50) ml.
4. The method for extracting Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide in accordance with claim 1, wherein the time of ultrasonic treatment in step 2 is 10-50 min.
5. The method for extracting Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide in accordance with claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the leaching temperature is 90-100 ℃ and the leaching time is 30-150 min.
6. The method for extracting Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide in accordance with claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the number of times of repeating the operation of the step 2 is 2.
7. The method for extracting Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide in accordance with claim 1, wherein the concentration in step 3 is performed at 60 ℃ and the filtrate is concentrated to 1/4 of the original volume.
8. The method for extracting Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide in accordance with claim 1, wherein in step 3, the volume fraction of ethanol in the ethanol solution is 95%, and the volume of the ethanol solution is 3 times that of the concentrated solution.
9. The method for extracting Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide in accordance with claim 1, wherein in step 2 and step 3, if centrifugation is adopted, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 4000r/min, and the time of the centrifugation is 15 min.
10. The method for extracting Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide in accordance with claim 1, wherein the two drying steps in step 3 are vacuum freeze drying.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114773495A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-22 | 陕西科技大学 | Method for preparing Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide with blood sugar and blood fat reducing functions |
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| CN1344748A (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2002-04-17 | 黄宝生 | Tea polysaccharide extracting process |
| CN106188323A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-12-07 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of method preparing the Fu-brick tea tea polysaccharide with the prebiotic function of intestinal |
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| CN109329500A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-15 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of Fu-brick tea polyphenol and the composite instant tea of polysaccharide and its preparation method and application |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1344748A (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2002-04-17 | 黄宝生 | Tea polysaccharide extracting process |
| CN106188323A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-12-07 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of method preparing the Fu-brick tea tea polysaccharide with the prebiotic function of intestinal |
| CN108576311A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-09-28 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of method of negative pressure-ultrasonic wave added cellulase hydrolysis extraction Fu-brick tea polyphenol |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114773495A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-22 | 陕西科技大学 | Method for preparing Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide with blood sugar and blood fat reducing functions |
| CN114773495B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-10-20 | 陕西科技大学 | Method for preparing Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide with blood sugar and blood lipid reducing functions |
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