CN111430907A - Butler matrix and shortwave multi-beam forming system suitable for circular ring array antenna - Google Patents
Butler matrix and shortwave multi-beam forming system suitable for circular ring array antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111430907A CN111430907A CN202010239029.0A CN202010239029A CN111430907A CN 111430907 A CN111430907 A CN 111430907A CN 202010239029 A CN202010239029 A CN 202010239029A CN 111430907 A CN111430907 A CN 111430907A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- directional coupler
- stage
- electrically connected
- input port
- butler matrix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a Butler matrix and a short wave multi-beam forming system suitable for a circular ring array antenna, wherein the Butler matrix suitable for multi-beam forming of a quaternary circular ring array comprises the following components: the first directional coupler is electrically connected with the first input port and the second input port in a crossed manner; the second directional coupler is electrically connected with the third input port and the fourth input port; the third directional coupler is electrically connected with the first directional coupler, the first output port and the second output port; the fourth directional coupler is electrically connected with the second directional coupler, the third output port and the fourth output port; the cross overline is electrically connected with the first directional coupler, the second directional coupler, the third directional coupler and the fourth directional coupler; the first, second, third and fourth input ports are respectively used for connecting one antenna unit in the quaternary circular ring array, and the antenna units corresponding to the first, second, third and fourth input ports are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction; the invention can realize uniform ring array multi-beam forming and has the advantages of small insertion loss and high reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a Butler matrix and a short-wave multi-beam forming system suitable for a circular array antenna.
Background
Conventional short wave receive antennas are either omni-directional (or weak directional) receive antennas with low directional gain or single directional beam receive antennas with high directional gain. However, omni-directional (or weak directional) receiving antennas are not very directional and have poor interference rejection; a single directional beam receiving antenna can only be aligned to a single direction and cannot receive signals from other directions; this greatly limits the quality of communication and the number of communicating parties. The multi-beam technology of the short wave receiving antenna array can effectively solve the problems. The multi-beam technology of the short wave receiving antenna array is based on an antenna array, a single beam (main lobe) with high directional gain can be formed or a plurality of beams can be formed simultaneously according to the incoming wave direction through controlling the amplitude and the phase of the received signals of each array element, the formed plurality of beams with high directional gain are aligned to a plurality of users in different directions, the high directional gain receiving of the antenna array to the plurality of users at the same time can be realized, and the array directional diagram null can be aligned to the direction with stronger interference to achieve the purpose of communication anti-interference.
A butler matrix is a multi-beam forming network applied to a uniform linear array, and a conventional butler matrix can generate a single sequence of equal-difference phases (the phases are sequentially advanced or delayed by a same angle), and can generate a plurality of directional beams in a uniform linear antenna array. However, the uniform circular array cannot generate multiple beams due to the equi-differential phase of the single sequence, and thus, the conventional butler matrix cannot be applied to the circular array.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a butler matrix and a short wave multi-beam forming system suitable for a circular array antenna, which are different from the phase distribution rule of the single sequence wave path difference among array elements of a uniform linear array when the traditional butler matrix points in different wave beams, and the generated phase meets the phase distribution condition that the uniform circular array generates multiple wave beam points, so that the butler matrix is used as a wave beam forming network of a multi-beam uniform circular antenna array to realize that the uniform circular antenna array generates multiple wave beams.
To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a butler matrix of fourth order suitable for multi-beam forming of a quaternary uniform torus array, the butler matrix comprising:
the first directional coupler is electrically connected with the first input port and the second input port in a crossed manner;
the second directional coupler is electrically connected with the third input port and the fourth input port;
the third directional coupler is electrically connected with the first directional coupler, the first output port and the second output port;
the fourth directional coupler is electrically connected with the second directional coupler, the third output port and the fourth output port;
the cross overline is electrically connected with the first directional coupler, the second directional coupler, the third directional coupler and the fourth directional coupler;
the first input port, the second input port, the third input port and the fourth input port are respectively used for connecting one antenna unit in the quaternary uniform circular ring array, and the antenna units correspondingly connected with the first input port, the second input port, the third input port and the fourth input port are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction.
Preferably, in the butler matrix, the first directional coupler, the second directional coupler, the third directional coupler and the fourth directional coupler are equal power distribution 3dB bridges having a 90 ° phase shift characteristic.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an eight-order butler matrix suitable for use in multi-beam forming of an eight-element uniform torus array, the butler matrix comprising:
the eight input ports are respectively used for connecting one antenna unit in the eight-element uniform circular ring array;
three-stage directional coupler Oij，i＝1-3, j-1-4, with four directional couplers per stage; wherein the input ports are respectively connected with the first-stage directional coupler O in a pairwise and group manner1jIs electrically connected with any one of the first stage directional couplers O1jTwo antenna array elements corresponding to a group of electrically connected input ports are symmetrically arranged along the synthetic beam direction of the eight-element uniform circular ring array, and the first-stage directional coupler O11、O12With a first stage directional coupler O13、O14The four antenna array elements which are respectively corresponding are symmetrically arranged in the direction vertical to the synthesized beam;
two levels of crossing flying leads, each level having two crossing flying leads; wherein one of the first stage crossed overlines is coupled with the first stage directional coupler O11、O13And a second stage directional coupler O21、O23Electrically connecting; another directional coupler O with the first stage12、O14And a second stage directional coupler O22、O24Electrically connecting;
one of the second stage crossing overlines and the second stage directional coupler O21、O22And a third stage directional coupler O31、O32Electrically connecting; another directional coupler O with the second stage23、O24And a third stage directional coupler O33、O34Electrically connecting;
four 90 degree phase shifters, the jth 90 degree phase shifter being electrically connected to the second stage directional coupler O2jThird stage directional coupler O3j；
Eight output ports, wherein the output ports are respectively connected with the third-stage directional coupler O in a pairwise and grouped manner3jIs electrically connected.
Preferably, in the butler matrix, the directional coupler is an equipower distribution 3dB bridge with 90 ° phase shift characteristic.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a short wave multiple beam forming system for a circular array antenna having a butler matrix as defined in any one of the preceding claims.
Preferably, the short-wave multi-beam forming system further includes:
the circular antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna array elements which are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction, the number of the antenna array elements is equal to that of the input ports of the Butler matrix, and each antenna array element is electrically connected with one of the input ports;
the multichannel signal transceiver is provided with a plurality of transceiving channels, the number of the transceiving channels is equal to that of the output ports of the Butler matrix, and each transceiving channel is electrically connected with one of the output ports.
Preferably, in the short-wave multi-beam forming system, the multichannel signal transceiver includes:
the switch matrix is provided with a plurality of selection switches with the number equal to that of output ports of the Butler matrix, and each selection switch is correspondingly connected with one output port;
the low noise amplifiers are respectively and correspondingly connected with one selection switch in the switch matrix;
and each short-wave radio station is correspondingly connected with one low-noise amplifier.
Preferably, in the short-wave multi-beam forming system, the selection switch is a single-pole single-throw switch or a single-pole double-throw switch.
Preferably, in the short-wave multi-beam forming system, when the selection switch is a single-pole double-throw switch, one fixed end of each single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the output port of the butler matrix, and the other fixed end of each single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the matching load, so as to reduce interference of the reflected signal to other receiving channels.
Preferably, in the short-wave multi-beam forming system, the input/output ports of the butler matrix are of any one of a standard N-type, a BNC-type, and an SMA-type.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) the improved butler matrix provided by the invention is different from the phase distribution rule of the single sequence wave path difference among the array elements of the uniform linear array when the traditional butler matrix points to different wave beams, and the generated phase meets the phase distribution condition that the uniform circular array generates a plurality of wave beam points, so that the improved butler matrix is used as a wave beam forming network of a multi-beam uniform circular antenna array to realize that the uniform circular antenna array generates a plurality of wave beams;
(2) the invention is applied to the field of short wave communication, fully utilizes the aperture advantage of the array antenna, can improve the directional gain of the antenna array, improve the level of a received signal and improve the communication quality;
(3) the beam forming network based on the improved Butler matrix as the multi-beam uniform circular antenna array can simultaneously generate a plurality of directional beams, each beam points to different directions, and multi-directional multi-user communication can be realized;
(4) according to the short-wave multi-beam forming system based on the improved Butler matrix, the channel can be selected through the switch matrix, and the signals of the required channel are selected without influencing other directions, so that the interference generated in a specific direction is inhibited, and the intelligent degree of the array is improved;
(5) the improved Butler matrix provided by the invention can be serially connected into the existing short-wave antenna feed system and is positioned between an antenna array and a short-wave radio station, so that the insertion loss is low, and the improved Butler matrix has good system compatibility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of a quaternary uniform annular ring array provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth-order Butler matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of simulation results of a quaternary uniform torus array horizontal pattern provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of an eight-element uniform torus array provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an eight-step Butler matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of horizontal patterns of an eight-element uniform torus array provided by embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an shortwave multi-beam forming system including a four-step butler matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the main element symbols:
a1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8: antenna array element
1: first directional coupler
2: second directional coupler
3: third directional coupler
4: fourth directional coupler
5: cross over line
E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7, E8: input port
P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8: output port
O11、O12、O13、O14: first stage directional coupler
O21、O22、O23、O24: second stage directional coupler
O31、O32、O33、O34: third stage directional coupler
G11、G12: first-level crossing overline
G21、G22: second level crossing over line
Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4: 90 degree phase shifter
6: short wave radio station
7: low noise amplifier
8: switch matrix
9: four-order Butler matrix
10: radio frequency cable
11: quaternary uniform circular ring array
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example one
The embodiment provides a fourth-order butler matrix, which is suitable for multi-beam formation of a quaternary uniform circular ring array; fig. 1 is an example of a quaternary uniform circular ring array provided in this embodiment, and referring to fig. 1, the circular ring array includes four antenna elements a1, a2, A3, and a4, which are uniformly arranged on a circumference, and taking an example that a composite beam of the four antenna elements a1, a2, A3, and a4 points to a 90 ° positioning y-axis forward direction, and assuming that feeding phases of 4 antenna elements are PH1, PH2, PH3, and PH4, excitation phases of the antenna elements in the circular ring array can be calculated by the following formula:
wherein, αnIs the excitation phase of the antenna array element, r is the radius of the circular ring,
elevation angle and horizontal azimuth angle oriented for the main lobe, βnIs the angle of the nth antenna element relative to the x-axis.
When in use
And theta0When the angle is 90 °, PH1 ═ kr, PH2 ═ 0, PH3 ═ kr, and PH4 ═ 0 are calculated, and from the calculation results, it is known that the feeding phases of the 4 antenna elements a1, a2, A3, and a4 in the quaternary uniform circular array are not equal-difference phases of a single sequence, and that multi-beam formation of the quaternary uniform circular array can be achieved only by three phase angles (-kr, 0, kr) satisfying the equal-difference sequence.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth-order butler matrix provided in this embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the fourth-order butler matrix includes a first directional coupler 1, a second directional coupler 2, a third directional coupler 3, a fourth directional coupler 4, a cross jumper 5, a first input port E1, a second input port E2, a third input port E3, a fourth input port E4, and a first output port P1, a second output port P2, a third output port P3, and a fourth output port P4; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first directional coupler 1 is electrically connected to the first input port E1 and the second input port E2 in a crossing manner; the second directional coupler 2 is electrically connected to the third input port E3 and the fourth input port E4; the third directional coupler 3 is electrically connected to the first directional coupler 1, the first output port P1 and the second output port P2; the fourth directional coupler 4 is electrically connected to the second directional coupler 2, the third output port P3 and the fourth output port P4; the cross over wire 5 is electrically connected with the first directional coupler 1, the second directional coupler 2, the third directional coupler 3 and the fourth directional coupler 4;
the first input port E1, the second input port E2, the third input port E3 and the fourth input port E4 are respectively used for connecting one antenna unit in the quaternary uniform circular ring array, and the antenna units connected correspondingly to the first input port E1, the second input port E2, the third input port E3 and the fourth input port E4 are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction; in this embodiment, the first input port E1, the second input port E2, the third input port E3, and the fourth input port E4 are respectively and correspondingly connected to the antenna element a1, the antenna element a2, the antenna element A3, and the antenna element a4, and the antenna element a1, the antenna element a2, the antenna element A3, and the antenna element a4 are sequentially arranged in the quaternary uniform circular array along the circumferential direction.
In this embodiment, the first directional coupler 1, the second directional coupler 2, the third directional coupler 3, and the fourth directional coupler 4 are all 3dB bridges having 90 ° phase shift characteristics, and the 3dB bridges may be equal power distribution or unequal power distribution, which is not limited in this embodiment.
The fourth-order butler matrix provided by the present embodiment is different from the standard butler matrix, and does not use any phase shifter, and the first input port E1, the second input port E2, the third input port E3, and the fourth input port E4 output the phase distribution required for satisfying the quaternary uniform circular ring array through the permutation and combination of the four directional couplers and the cross electrical connection between the first directional coupler 1 and the first input port E1 and the second input port E2; the cross-connection of the first input port E1, the second input port E2 and the first directional coupler 1 aims to ensure that the output signal level is maximum when the phases of the four input ports E1-E4 satisfy the equal difference relationship.
According to the space vector superposition theory, when an electromagnetic wave signal reaches a quaternary uniform circular ring array from the y axis in the forward direction, the electromagnetic wave signal is output to a fourth-order Butler matrix after being received by the circular ring array through electromagnetic induction, and input signals of a first input port E1, a second input port E2, a third input port E3 and a fourth input port E4 of the fourth-order Butler matrix meet the following requirements: a1 is 0 °, a2 is a4 is 90 °, A3 is 180 °, and the input signal of each input port is phase-modulated by the fourth-order butler matrix and then output from the first output port P1; when an electromagnetic wave signal reaches the quaternary uniform circular ring array from the x-axis forward direction, input signals of a first input port E1, a second input port E2, a third input port E3 and a fourth input port E4 of the fourth-order butler matrix satisfy a 4-0 °, a 1-A3-90 °, a 2-180 °, and input signals of the input ports are subjected to phase modulation by the fourth-order butler matrix and then output from a first output port P2; when an electromagnetic wave signal reaches the quaternary uniform circular ring array from the negative direction of the y axis, input signals of a first input port E1, a second input port E2, a third input port E3 and a fourth input port E4 of the fourth-order butler matrix satisfy A3-0 °, a 2-4-90 °, a 1-180 °, and input signals of the input ports are subjected to phase modulation by the fourth-order butler matrix and then output from a first output port P3; when an electromagnetic wave signal reaches the quaternary uniform circular ring array from the negative direction of the x axis, input signals of the first input port E1, the second input port E2, the third input port E3 and the fourth input port E4 of the fourth-order butler matrix satisfy a 2-0 °, a 1-3-90 °, a 4-180 °, and input signals of the input ports are subjected to phase modulation by the fourth-order butler matrix and then output from the first output port P4.
Collecting signals of a first output port P1, a second output port P2, a third output port P3 and a fourth output port P4 of the fourth-order Butler matrix to synthesize a horizontal directional diagram of the quaternary uniform circular ring array; fig. 3 is a simulation result of the horizontal pattern of the quaternary uniform circular ring array, where the frequency is f equal to 8MHz, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the horizontal patterns corresponding to the first output port P1, the second output port P2, the third output port P3, and the fourth output port P4 respectively have maximum beam directions pointing to 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °, and the four beams are independent beams and do not interfere with each other.
Example two
The embodiment provides an eight-order butler matrix, which is suitable for multi-beam forming of an eight-element uniform circular ring array; fig. 4 is an example of an eight-element uniform circular ring array provided in this embodiment, and referring to fig. 4, the circular ring array includes eight antenna elements a1, a2, A3, a4, a5, a6, a7, and A8, which are uniformly arranged on the circumference, and the following description will take an example in which the composite beam of the eight antenna elements points in the 90 ° positioning y-axis forward direction. In this embodiment, an eight-element uniform circular array is formed by using a dual-sub-array, and according to the arrangement sequence of the antenna array elements in fig. 4, the first sub-array includes antenna array elements a1, a4, a5, and A8, and the second sub-array includes antenna array elements a2, A3, a6, and a 7; the two sub-arrays can respectively generate 4 directional beams without mutual interference.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an eight-order butler matrix provided in this embodiment, and referring to fig. 5, the eight-order butler matrix includes eight input ports E1 to E8, and a three-stage directional coupler OijTwo-stage crossing overline GmnFour 90-degree phase shifters Y1-Y4 and eight output ports P1-P8; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
each of the eight input ports E1-E8 is used to connect to one antenna unit in the eight-element uniform circular array; in this embodiment, the first input port E1 is correspondingly connected to the antenna element a1, the second input port E2 is correspondingly connected to the antenna element a2, and so on, the eighth input port E8 is correspondingly connected to the antenna element a 8;
three-stage directional coupler OijEach stage in (a) comprises four directional couplers, wherein i is 1-3 and j is 1-4; eight input ports E1-E8 are pairwiseA group of ground and the first stage directional coupler O1jIs electrically connected with any one of the first stage directional couplers O1jTwo antenna array elements corresponding to a group of electrically connected input ports are symmetrically arranged along the synthetic beam direction of the eight-element uniform circular ring array, and the first-stage directional coupler O11、O12With a first stage directional coupler O13、O14The four antenna array elements which are respectively corresponding are symmetrically arranged in the direction vertical to the synthesized beam; in this embodiment, the first stage directional coupler O11The corresponding two antenna elements are A1 and A5 which are symmetrically arranged along the y-axis direction; first stage directional coupler O12The corresponding two antenna elements are A2 and A6 which are symmetrically arranged along the y-axis direction; first stage directional coupler O13The corresponding two antenna elements are A3 and A7 which are symmetrically arranged along the y-axis direction; first stage directional coupler O14The corresponding two antenna elements are A4 and A8 which are symmetrically arranged along the y-axis direction; the antenna elements a1, a5, a2 and a6 and the antenna elements A3, a7, a4 and A8 are symmetrically arranged along the x-axis direction.
Two-stage crossing overline GmnEach stage of (a) has two crossing flying leads, where m is 1-2 and n is 1-2; wherein, the first stage crossing overline G1nOne of the crossing flying leads G11With a first stage directional coupler O11、O13And a second stage directional coupler O21、O23Electrically connecting; another cross over line G12With a first stage directional coupler O12、O14And a second stage directional coupler O22、O24Electrically connecting; second-level crossing overline G2nOne of the crossing flying leads G21And a second stage directional coupler O21、O22And a third stage directional coupler O31、O32Electrically connecting; another cross over line G22And a second stage directional coupler O23、O24And a third stage directional coupler O33、O34And (6) electrically connecting.
Four 90 degree phase shifters, the jth 90 degree phase shifter being electrically connected to the second stage directional coupler O2jThird stage directional coupler O3j(ii) a In this embodiment, the 90 degree phase shifter Y1 and the second stage directional coupler O21Third stage directional coupler O31Electrically connecting; 90 degree phase shifter Y2 and second stage directional coupler O22Third stage directional coupler O32Electrically connecting; 90 degree phase shifter Y3 and second stage directional coupler O23Third stage directional coupler O33Electrically connecting; 90 degree phase shifter Y4 and second stage directional coupler O24Third stage directional coupler O34Electrically connecting;
eight output ports P1-P8 are respectively connected with the third-stage directional coupler O in a pairwise manner3jIs electrically connected; in this embodiment, the output ports P1 and P2 and the third stage directional coupler O31Electrically connected with the output ports P3 and P4 and the third-stage directional coupler O32Electrically connected with the output ports P5 and P6 and the third-stage directional coupler O33Electrically connected with the output ports P7 and P8 and the third-stage directional coupler O34And (6) electrically connecting.
The element connection method provided in this embodiment ensures that the eight-order butler matrix can output two sets of phase signals corresponding to the first sub-array and the second sub-array respectively; the first sub-array comprises antenna array elements A1, A4, A5 and A8, and signal output ports corresponding to the antenna array elements in the eight-step Butler matrix are P1, P4, P5 and P8; the second sub-array comprises antenna array elements A2, A3, A6 and A7, and signal output ports corresponding to the antenna array elements in the eight-step Butler matrix are P2, P3, P6 and P7. Wherein, the 90 degree phase shifter is only applied to the second stage input end of the first sub-array, and is not applied to the second sub-array.
According to the space vector superposition theory, when an electromagnetic wave signal reaches an eight-element uniform circular ring array from the y axis in the forward direction, the electromagnetic wave signal is received by the circular ring array through electromagnetic induction and then is output to an eight-order butler matrix, input signals of input ports E1, E4, E5 and E8 of the eight-order butler matrix meet the conditions that E1 is equal to E5 and equal to 0 degrees, E4 is equal to E8 and equal to 180 degrees, and input signals of the input ports are subjected to phase modulation through the eight-order butler matrix and then are output from an output port P1; the principle of signal output from the output ports P2-P8 is similar to that described above, and is not described in detail.
The four output ports P1, P4, P5 and P8 in the eight-order butler matrix can output 2 groups of four-element phase arithmetic progression with 90 ° phase difference, while the four output ports P2, P3, P6 and P7 do not output 2 groups of four-element phase arithmetic progression, but output phase signals which comprise 4 180 °, 2 270 ° and 2 90 ° in total, and the above 8 phase signals can form 2 groups of three-element phase arithmetic progression with 270 °, 180 ° and 90 °. The array mode ensures that four output ports P2, P3, P6 and P7 can respectively obtain single beams with phase signals of three-element arithmetic progression, and 4 beams point to 4 directions respectively.
Eight output ports P1-P8 in the eight-order butler matrix provided in this embodiment can output signals in different directions simultaneously, and if 4 beams output by four output ports P2, P3, P6, and P7 and 4 beams output by two output ports P1 and P8 (each output port has 2 beams), there are 8 beams in total; that is, the omni-directional coverage of the directional pattern can be achieved by only combining the phase signals of the six output ports in the eight-step butler matrix, and the simulation result of the horizontal directional pattern of the eight-element uniform circular ring array is shown in fig. 6.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides a short-wave multi-beam forming system suitable for a circular array antenna, which comprises the butler matrix in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, a circular antenna array and a multi-channel signal transceiver; the circular antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna array elements which are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction, the number of the antenna array elements is equal to that of input ports of the Butler matrix, and each antenna array element is electrically connected with one of the input ports; the multichannel signal transceiver is provided with a plurality of transceiving channels with the number equal to that of the output ports of the Butler matrix, and each transceiving channel is electrically connected with one of the output ports of the Butler matrix.
As a specific example of the present embodiment, the multichannel signal transceiver includes a switch matrix, a plurality of low noise amplifiers, and a plurality of short wave radio stations; the switch matrix is provided with a plurality of selection switches with the number equal to that of the output ports of the Butler matrix, and each selection switch is correspondingly connected with one output port; a plurality of low noise amplifiers with the same number as the selection switches, wherein each low noise amplifier is correspondingly connected with one selection switch in the switch matrix; and the number of the short-wave radio stations is equal to that of the low-noise amplifiers, and each short-wave radio station is correspondingly connected with one of the low-noise amplifiers.
In this embodiment, the selection switch may be a single-pole single-throw switch or a single-pole double-throw switch; when the single-pole double-throw switch is selected, one motionless end of each single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected with the output port of the Butler matrix, and the other motionless end of each single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected with the matched load, so that the interference of the reflected signals to other receiving channels is reduced.
The input/output port of the butler matrix is of any one of standard N type, BNC type and SMA type, and has a port impedance of 50 Ω.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the short-wave multi-beam forming system including the fourth-order butler matrix according to this embodiment, and referring to fig. 7, the short-wave multi-beam forming system includes a short-wave radio station 6, a low noise amplifier 7, a switch matrix 8, a fourth-order butler matrix 9, a radio frequency cable 10, and a quaternary uniform circular ring array 11. The fourth-order Butler matrix 9 is located between the switch matrix 8 and the quaternary uniform circular ring array 11, and is connected with the quaternary uniform circular ring array 11 through a radio frequency cable 10. The system is typically configured with 4 receive channels, each of which consists of a short wave radio station 6, a low noise amplifier 7, a selection switch in a switch matrix 8, one of the four-step butler matrices 9, a radio frequency cable 10, and a quaternary uniform circular array 11.
The structure of the short wave multi-beam forming system suitable for the eight-element uniform circular ring array is basically the same as that of the four-element system, and the difference is that the number of antenna array elements and the number of receiving channels are increased, and the Butler matrix structure is adjusted.
The channel selection of the output signal is realized by controlling each path of selection switch of the switch matrix 8, thereby avoiding the interference to the specific direction and improving the intelligent degree of the array.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fourth order butler matrix suitable for use in multi-beam forming of a quaternary uniform torus array, comprising:
the first directional coupler is electrically connected with the first input port and the second input port in a crossed manner;
the second directional coupler is electrically connected with the third input port and the fourth input port;
the third directional coupler is electrically connected with the first directional coupler, the first output port and the second output port;
the fourth directional coupler is electrically connected with the second directional coupler, the third output port and the fourth output port;
the cross overline is electrically connected with the first directional coupler, the second directional coupler, the third directional coupler and the fourth directional coupler;
the first input port, the second input port, the third input port and the fourth input port are respectively used for connecting one antenna unit in the quaternary uniform circular ring array, and the antenna units correspondingly connected with the first input port, the second input port, the third input port and the fourth input port are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction.
2. The butler matrix of claim 1, wherein the first directional coupler, the second directional coupler, the third directional coupler, and the fourth directional coupler are 3dB bridges having a 90 ° phase shift characteristic.
3. An eight-order butler matrix suitable for use in multibeam formation in an eight-element uniform torus array, comprising:
the eight input ports are respectively used for connecting one antenna unit in the eight-element uniform circular ring array;
three-stage directional coupler Oij1-3, j-1-4, with four directional couplers per stage; wherein the input ports are respectively connected with the first-stage directional coupler O in a pairwise and group manner1jIs electrically connected with any one of the first stage directional couplers O1jTwo antenna array elements corresponding to a group of electrically connected input ports are symmetrically arranged along the synthetic beam direction of the eight-element uniform circular ring array, and the first-stage directional coupler O11、O12With a first stage directional coupler O13、O14The four antenna array elements which are respectively corresponding are symmetrically arranged in the direction vertical to the synthesized beam;
two levels of crossing flying leads, each level having two crossing flying leads; wherein one of the first stage crossed overlines is coupled with the first stage directional coupler O11、O13And a second stage directional coupler O21、O23Electrically connecting; another directional coupler O with the first stage12、O14And a second stage directional coupler O22、O24Electrically connecting;
one of the second stage crossing overlines and the second stage directional coupler O21、O22And a third stage directional coupler O31、O32Electrically connecting; another directional coupler O with the second stage23、O24And a third stage directional coupler O33、O34Electrically connecting;
four 90 degree phase shifters, the jth 90 degree phase shifter being electrically connected to the second stage directional coupler O2jThird stage directional coupler O3j；
Eight output ports, wherein the output ports are respectively connected with the third-stage directional coupler O in a pairwise and grouped manner3jIs electrically connected.
4. The butler matrix of claim 3, wherein the directional couplers are 3dB bridges having a 90 ° phase shift characteristic.
5. Short wave multiple beam forming system suitable for circular array antennas, characterized in that it comprises a butler matrix according to any of claims 1-2 or 3-4.
6. The short wave multi-beam forming system of claim 5, further comprising:
the circular antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna array elements which are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction, the number of the antenna array elements is equal to that of the input ports of the Butler matrix, and each antenna array element is electrically connected with one of the input ports;
the multichannel signal transceiver is provided with a plurality of transceiving channels, the number of the transceiving channels is equal to that of the output ports of the Butler matrix, and each transceiving channel is electrically connected with one of the output ports.
7. The short wave multi-beamforming system of claim 6 wherein said multi-channel signal transceiver comprises:
the switch matrix is provided with a plurality of selection switches with the number equal to that of output ports of the Butler matrix, and each selection switch is correspondingly connected with one output port;
the low noise amplifiers are respectively and correspondingly connected with one selection switch in the switch matrix;
and each short-wave radio station is correspondingly connected with one low-noise amplifier.
8. The short wave multiple beam forming system of claim 7, wherein the selection switch is a single pole single throw switch or a single pole double throw switch.
9. The short wave multiple beam forming system of claim 8, wherein when the selection switches are single-pole double-throw switches, one of the stationary terminals of each of the single-pole double-throw switches is electrically connected to an output port of the butler matrix, and the other stationary terminal is electrically connected to a matching load to reduce interference of reflected signals with other receive channels.
10. The short wave multiple beam forming system of claim 6, wherein the input/output ports of the Butler matrix are of any one of standard N-type, BNC-type, SMA-type.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010239029.0A CN111430907B (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2020-03-30 | Butler matrix and shortwave multi-beam forming system suitable for circular ring array antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010239029.0A CN111430907B (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2020-03-30 | Butler matrix and shortwave multi-beam forming system suitable for circular ring array antenna |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111430907A true CN111430907A (en) | 2020-07-17 |
| CN111430907B CN111430907B (en) | 2021-12-24 |
Family
ID=71555573
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010239029.0A Active CN111430907B (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2020-03-30 | Butler matrix and shortwave multi-beam forming system suitable for circular ring array antenna |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111430907B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113036436A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-25 | 电子科技大学 | Miniaturized reconfigurable beam forming network architecture |
| CN114024554A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-08 | 星启空间(南通)通信设备有限公司 | Radio frequency circuit structure of antenna and antenna |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3997900A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1976-12-14 | The Singer Company | Four beam printed antenna for Doopler application |
| JPH08111651A (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1996-04-30 | Miyoshi Denshi Kk | High sensitivity transmitter-receiver |
| TW200601618A (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2006-01-01 | Interdigital Tech Corp | Beam forming matrix-fed circular array system |
| CN1921341A (en) * | 2006-09-12 | 2007-02-28 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Wave beam forming network with variable beam width |
| CN103022701A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-04-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | Novel 8*8 Butler matrix feed network |
| CN106532273A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-03-22 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Microstrip phased array antenna applied on ETC terminal information acquisition system |
-
2020
- 2020-03-30 CN CN202010239029.0A patent/CN111430907B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3997900A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1976-12-14 | The Singer Company | Four beam printed antenna for Doopler application |
| JPH08111651A (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1996-04-30 | Miyoshi Denshi Kk | High sensitivity transmitter-receiver |
| TW200601618A (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2006-01-01 | Interdigital Tech Corp | Beam forming matrix-fed circular array system |
| CN1921341A (en) * | 2006-09-12 | 2007-02-28 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Wave beam forming network with variable beam width |
| CN103022701A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-04-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | Novel 8*8 Butler matrix feed network |
| CN106532273A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-03-22 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Microstrip phased array antenna applied on ETC terminal information acquisition system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| ZDZISŁAW CHUDY等: "DIRECTION FINDING DEVICE WITH EIGHT ELEMENT CIRCULAR ANTENNA ARRAY", 《MIKON 2008-17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROWAVES, RADAR AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113036436A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-25 | 电子科技大学 | Miniaturized reconfigurable beam forming network architecture |
| CN114024554A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-08 | 星启空间(南通)通信设备有限公司 | Radio frequency circuit structure of antenna and antenna |
| CN114024554B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-02-17 | 星启空间(南通)通信设备有限公司 | Radio frequency circuit structure of antenna and antenna |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111430907B (en) | 2021-12-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Demmerle et al. | A biconical multibeam antenna for space-division multiple access | |
| RU2346363C2 (en) | Phased antenna array system with adjustable electrical tilt | |
| AU714146B2 (en) | Wide antenna lobe | |
| US20050259005A1 (en) | Beam forming matrix-fed circular array system | |
| CN106602265B (en) | Beam forming network and input structure, input and output method and three-beam antenna thereof | |
| CN111430907B (en) | Butler matrix and shortwave multi-beam forming system suitable for circular ring array antenna | |
| US4451831A (en) | Circular array scanning network | |
| EP3011638A1 (en) | Amplitude tapered switched beam antenna systems | |
| CN105356071B (en) | A kind of multiport frequency dividing electrical tilt antenna | |
| US3560985A (en) | Compact steerable antenna array | |
| CN113906632B (en) | Antenna and base station | |
| US4584581A (en) | Beam forming network for multibeam array antenna | |
| CN106252899B (en) | A kind of array antenna beam formation system and its beam sweeping method | |
| CN114883797A (en) | Dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna unit, sub-array phase shifting module and phased array antenna array | |
| CN111525215B (en) | Phase shift unit, antenna unit, phased array unit, and phased array | |
| AU601114B2 (en) | Angle diversity signal separator using mode conversion | |
| CN109378593B (en) | Broadband butler matrix feed network based on frequency selectivity | |
| CN2388720Y (en) | Multi-beam forming network system | |
| CN114709627B (en) | Multi-band configurable receiving antenna | |
| JP4841435B2 (en) | Phased array antenna system with adjustable electrical tilt | |
| CN112421218B (en) | Multi-beam switching antenna | |
| Piekarz et al. | Four-node antenna feeding network for interfacing with differential front-end electronics | |
| CN112072311A (en) | Broadband two-dimensional beam forming network | |
| YE et al. | Multibeam antenna based on butler matrix for 3G/LTE/5G/B5G base station applications | |
| Orakwue et al. | Cascaded Butler matrix with two-dimensional beam scanning capability at 28 GHz for 5G wireless system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |