CN111426478A

CN111426478A - Acoustic sensor track arrangement method for rail-side acoustic diagnosis

Info

Publication number: CN111426478A
Application number: CN202010277997.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭其昌; 孙志林; 徐明军; 黄明全; 沈晓东; 陶明魁; 朱波
Original assignee: Nanjing Tycho Information Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Tycho Information Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-09
Filing date: 2020-04-09
Publication date: 2020-07-17

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rail-side acoustic diagnosis of rail bearings, in particular to a rail arrangement method of acoustic sensors for rail-side acoustic diagnosis, which is characterized in that a plurality of acoustic sensors are symmetrically arranged at two sides of a rail, the acoustic sensors are fixedly arranged in a protective box, the acoustic sensors adopt directional design and vertically face the rail to receive acoustic signals emitted by a bearing, the acoustic sensors are equidistantly parallel to the rail, the distance between the acoustic sensors is 1.05-1.35m, the distance between the acoustic sensors and a near-side rail is 0.8-1.2m, and the acoustic sensors are 0.05-0.28m higher than the vertical height of the rail. Compared with the prior art, the method can ensure that the rail-side acoustic diagnosis system comprehensively and accurately acquires the vibration sound generated by the fault of any part in the bearing, so that the system can more comprehensively and accurately pick up the bearing signal, and the reliability and the accuracy of the system for diagnosing the fault bearing are ensured.

Description

Acoustic sensor track arrangement method for rail-side acoustic diagnosis

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rail bearing rail side acoustic diagnosis, in particular to a rail arrangement method of an acoustic sensor for rail side acoustic diagnosis.

Background

The rail-side acoustic diagnosis adopts an acoustic diagnosis technology and a computer network technology, identifies the working state of the bearing by collecting and analyzing the noise signal of the bearing in operation, can provide an effective early fault diagnosis result in the bearing, and finds the fault before the hot shaft. The system is combined with an infrared shaft temperature detection system, shaft cutting and derailing accidents can be effectively prevented, the prevention level of bearing faults is improved, and the inspection of a train inspection on a rolling bearing is gradually transited from man-machine combination to man-machine combination. The rail-side acoustic diagnosis enhances the early warning capability of the bearing, prevents the gateway from moving forwards, embodies the safety guiding idea of prevention as the main and ensures the driving safety.

There are many acoustic sensor track arrangement methods for rail-side acoustic diagnosis, but the signal noise collected by the prior art has large influence, low sensitivity and narrow coverage.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the acoustic sensor track arrangement method for the rail-side acoustic diagnosis, which has the advantages of wide coverage range, strong acquired signal and small noise interference.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for arranging acoustic sensors on tracks for rail-side acoustic diagnosis is characterized in that a plurality of acoustic sensors are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a track, the acoustic sensors are fixedly arranged in a protective box, the acoustic sensors adopt a directional design and vertically face the track to receive acoustic signals emitted by a bearing, the acoustic sensors are equidistantly parallel to the track, the spacing of the acoustic sensors is 1.05-1.35m, the distance between the acoustic sensors and the near-side track is 0.8-1.2m, and the acoustic sensors are 0.05-0.28m higher than the vertical height of the track.

Further, 12 sound sensors are arranged on two sides of the track, and 6 sound sensors are arranged on one side of the track.

Furthermore, the directional design effective area of the sound sensors is 1.0-1.2m, and the directional design effective areas between the sound sensors are provided with an overlapping area which is 0.05-0.15 m.

Further, the guard box includes protective housing, toper chamber, shockproof piece, shutter, sound collection window, fan and support frame, the protective housing is square, the toper chamber sets up in the protective housing, the shockproof piece sets up between toper chamber and protective housing, the sound collection window sets up on the shutter, the shutter rotates with the protective housing to be connected, the protective housing sets up in toper chamber bottom, sound sensor sets up in the middle part in toper chamber along axial fixity, the fan sets up in the inboard of toper chamber and describes, support frame fixed connection is in the protective housing bottom, the support frame is fixed in ground.

Further, the axis of the conical cavity is perpendicular to the rail, the bottom of the conical cavity is internally tangent to the protective shell, and the bottom of the conical cavity is open and faces the rail.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the sound sensor adopts a directional design and directly faces the bearing, and collected sound signals generated by the running of the vehicle bearing have good acoustic lobe patterns, so that the influence of other noises can be reduced;

2. the sound sensor is placed in a protection box, a fan and a protection door are arranged in the protection box, and the protection box has the functions of shock resistance, water resistance and dust resistance, and is wide in application range and long in service life;

3. the invention adopts 6 sound sensors on one side, the effective area of the directional design of each sensor is about 1.1m and is intersected with each other, the pointing area of the formed sound sensor array is about 6.5m, which relates to the characteristics that a wheel rotates for 2 circles and a bearing rolling body rotates for 1 circle according to the size and the operation mechanism of a vehicle bearing, the bearing vibration signal received by the sensor in the detection area of a certain bearing is ensured to be continuous, the vibration sound generated by the fault of any part in the bearing can be comprehensively and accurately collected, the bearing signal is more comprehensively and accurately picked up by a system, and the reliability and the accuracy of the system for diagnosing the fault bearing are ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic sensor track layout for rail-side acoustic diagnostics of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the protective enclosure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the protective door of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the protective case of the present invention.

Description of the drawings: 1. a sound sensor; 2. a track; 3. pointing to a design effective area; 4. an overlap region; 5. a protection box; 6. a protective shell; 7 a conical cavity 7; 8. a shock-proof material; 9 protecting the door; 10. a sound collection window; 11. a fan; 12. a support frame.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but the invention can be practiced in many different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.

Example 1

An acoustic sensor track arrangement method for rail-side acoustic diagnosis is characterized in that a plurality of acoustic sensors 1 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a track 2, the acoustic sensors 1 are fixedly arranged in a protective box 5, the acoustic sensors 1 adopt a directional design and vertically face the track 2 to receive acoustic signals emitted by bearings, the acoustic sensors 1 are equally spaced and parallel to the track 2, the spacing of the acoustic sensors 1 is 1.05-1.35m, the distance between the acoustic sensors 1 and the near-side track 2 is 0.8-1.2m, and the acoustic sensors 1 are 0.05-0.28m higher than the vertical height of the track 2.

Preferably, 12 sound sensors 1 are arranged on two sides of the

track

2, and 6 sound sensors 1 are arranged on one side of the track 2.

Preferably, the length of the directional design effective area 3 of the sound sensors 1 is 1.0-1.2m, the directional design effective area 3 between the sound sensors 1 is provided with an overlapping area 4, and the length of the overlapping area 4 is 0.05-0.15 m.

Preferably, guard box 5 includes protective housing 6, toper chamber 7, shockproof material 8, shutter 9, sound collection window 10, fan 11 and support frame 12, protective housing 6 is square, toper chamber 7 sets up in protective housing 6, shockproof material 8 sets up between toper chamber 7 and protective housing 6, sound collection window 10 sets up on shutter 9, shutter 9 rotates with protective housing 6 to be connected, protective housing 6 sets up in toper chamber 7 bottom, sound sensor 1 sets up in the middle part of toper chamber 7 along the axial fixity, fan 11 sets up in the medial surface of toper chamber 7, support frame 12 fixed connection is in protective housing 6 bottom, support frame 12 is fixed in ground.

Preferably, the axis of the conical cavity 7 is perpendicular to the rail 2, the bottom of the conical cavity 7 is inscribed in the protective shell 6, and the bottom of the conical cavity 7 is open and faces the rail 2.

The sound sensors 1 are arranged on two sides of a track according to the method of the invention, then the wheel sensors are fixed on the steel rails by clamps, when a train approaches, the wheel sensors automatically start a system for positioning wheels, counting axles and measuring speed, the sound sensors 1 collect bearing signals in an array mode, the signals collected by the sound sensors and the wheel sensors are transmitted to an indoor host through an AE antenna, and an analysis system analyzes the collected signals and makes related instructions.

The embodiment shows that the method has the advantages of simple installation, wide coverage range, strong collected signal and small noise interference, and can comprehensively and accurately collect the vibration sound generated by the fault of any part in the bearing, so that the system can more comprehensively and accurately pick up the bearing signal, and the reliability and the accuracy of the system for diagnosing the fault bearing are ensured.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and variations that can be made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An acoustic sensor track arrangement method for rail-side acoustic diagnosis is characterized in that a plurality of acoustic sensors (1) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a track (2), the acoustic sensors (1) are fixedly arranged in a protective box (5), the acoustic sensors (1) (in a directional design and vertically face the track (2) to receive acoustic signals emitted by a bearing, the acoustic sensors (1) are equally spaced and parallel to the track (2), the spacing between the acoustic sensors (1) is 1.05-1.35m, the distance between the acoustic sensors (1) and the near-side track (2) is 0.8-1.2m, and the acoustic sensors (1) are 0.05-0.28m higher than the vertical height of the track (2).

2. The acoustic sensor track arrangement method for rail-side acoustic diagnosis according to claim 1, wherein the number of the sound sensors (1) is 12 on both sides of the track (2), and the number of the sound sensors (1) is 6 on one side of the track (2).

3. The acoustic sensor track arrangement method for trackside acoustic diagnostics according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the directional design active area (3) of the acoustic sensors (1) is 1.0-1.2m, the directional design active areas (3) between the acoustic sensors (1) have an overlap region (4), and the length of the overlap region (4) is 0.05-0.15 m.

4. The acoustic sensor track arrangement method for the rail-side acoustic diagnosis according to claim 1, wherein the protection box (5) comprises a protective shell (6), a conical cavity (7), a shock-proof material (8), a protection door (9), a sound collection window (10), a fan (11) and a support frame (12), the protective shell (6) is square, the conical cavity (7) is arranged in the protective shell (6), the shock-proof material (8) is arranged between the conical cavity (7) and the protective shell (6), the sound collection window (10) is arranged on the protection door (9), the protection door (9) is rotatably connected with the protective shell (6), the protective shell (6) is arranged at the bottom of the conical cavity (7), the sound sensor (1) is axially and fixedly arranged at the middle part of the conical cavity (7), and the fan (11) is arranged at the inner side surface of the conical cavity (7), the support frame (12) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the protective shell (6), and the support frame (12) is fixed to the ground.

5. The acoustic sensor track placement method for rail-side acoustic diagnostics according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the axis of the conical cavity (7) is perpendicular to the track (2), the bottom of the conical cavity (7) is inscribed in the protective shell (6), the bottom of the conical cavity (7) is open and faces the track (2).