CN111425203A - Pick-shaped cutting tooth with plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide tip and processing method - Google Patents
Pick-shaped cutting tooth with plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide tip and processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111425203A CN111425203A CN202010283375.9A CN202010283375A CN111425203A CN 111425203 A CN111425203 A CN 111425203A CN 202010283375 A CN202010283375 A CN 202010283375A CN 111425203 A CN111425203 A CN 111425203A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OGSYQYXYGXIQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni].[Mo] OGSYQYXYGXIQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pick-shaped cutting tooth with a plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide tooth tip and a processing method, which comprises the following implementation steps: machining a medium carbon alloy quenched and tempered steel tooth body without a tooth head part → quenching and tempering heat treatment of the tooth body → friction welding of an alloy steel tooth head with high tempering resistance → plasma cladding of the top of the tooth head on the composite tungsten carbide tooth tip. The invention realizes the optimized combination of the obdurability of the middle part of the pick body, the high-temperature wear resistance of the pick head and the cutting performance of the coal rock of the pick head, fully utilizes the tungsten carbide pick head, can recycle the worn and scrapped pick body of the pick head and reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of mining cutters, and particularly relates to a production method of a spiral drum shearer pickaxe-shaped cutting pick.
Background
The spiral drum shearer is high-efficiency mechanized coal mining equipment commonly adopted in underground coal mining at present, wherein a cutter for directly cutting coal rocks is a pickaxe-shaped cutting pick and is a main vulnerable part of the spiral drum shearer. The pick-type cutting pick adopted at present is shown in figure 1, and is manufactured by using medium carbon alloy quenched and tempered steel as a pick body 1 and brazing a hard alloy tip 2 at the head of the pick body, and for convenience of description, the pick body is sequentially called as follows from top to bottom: a tooth head 1.4, a tooth waist 1.3, a tooth bottom 1.1 and a tooth handle 1.1. The production method comprises the following steps: machining a medium-carbon alloy quenched and tempered steel tooth body 1 → brazing a hard alloy tooth tip 2 → performing integral quenching and tempering heat treatment on a cutting pick. During the use process, the wear resistance of the tooth body head part at the periphery of the hard alloy tooth tip 1 is found to be poor, particularly when the coal is hard or the sandstone is encountered, the cutting is instantly and violently heated, the tooth body head part of the medium carbon alloy quenched and tempered steel with poor high-temperature tempering resistance is annealed and softened, the wear resistance is further deteriorated, and therefore the hard alloy tooth tip 2 is exposed and falls off too early, the coal mining efficiency is influenced, the waste of hard alloy at the tooth tip is also caused, and the tooth body 1 with the worn head part can only be scrapped and recycled. Later, a layer of wear-resistant alloy is clad on the periphery of the head of the tooth body which is clad with the hard alloy tooth tip, so that a certain effect is exerted on improving the wear resistance, but the effect is still not ideal. The reason is that the thickness of the wear-resistant alloy layer is limited, the head of the tooth body is softened by high temperature during cladding, and the head of the tooth body is still quickly worn after the wear-resistant layer is worn, so that the service life is poor, and therefore, the wear-resistant technology is cladded on the surface of the tooth body under the condition that the material of the head of the tooth body is not changed. If high-hardness and high-wear-resistance alloy steel with high tempering resistance is used as the tooth body, firstly, the tooth body has high brittleness, and is easy to break from the waist with the largest bending moment; secondly, the material is expensive, the forging and cutting heat treatment difficulty is large, and the market acceptance is difficult. Nevertheless, if the analysis is carried out from the perspective of improving the wear-resisting service life of the cutting pick, the improvement of the tempering resistance and the high-temperature hardness of the bit part is a correct technical direction, and the high tempering resistance also widens the process conditions for further implementing wear-resisting cladding. On the basis of the analysis, a material segmented welding combination technology, such as a relatively successful friction welding technology, is also developed in the early stage. The technology is that a friction welding machine is used for friction welding the alloy steel tooth head with high hardenability, high tempering resistance and high hardness on the top of a medium carbon alloy quenched and tempered steel tooth body without the tooth head, and then a hard alloy tooth tip is brazed on the tooth head through boring and milling blind holes. The new problem that is caused by this is that the hardness of the high alloy tooth head is high, the difficulty of boring and milling the blind hole is greatly increased, and the production cost of the cutting tooth is increased. In summary, in order to improve the overall performance of the cutting pick and reduce the production cost, the material and new processing technology need to be comprehensively utilized, and the system optimization design is carried out from the cutting pick material to the processing preparation method.
The inventor successfully develops a new plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide thick coating technology (application number 2020100681906) in the early period, and opens up a new path of the thick coating technology with low heat input, low ablation decomposition, high tungsten carbide content and high wear resistance. The technology adopts the double powder feeders to respectively feed the nickel-based alloy powder and the tungsten carbide powder from front to back, thereby ensuring that the nickel-based alloy powder is fully melted and fully fused with a steel matrix, avoiding the ablation and decomposition of the tungsten carbide powder, ensuring the content and the particle integrity of the tungsten carbide in a coating, furthest utilizing the wear resistance of the tungsten carbide, not reducing the impact toughness of the nickel-based alloy matrix, and efficiently obtaining the high-impact-resistance high-wear-resistance composite tungsten carbide thick coating suitable for mining machinery. The technology also provides a new idea with technical feasibility for developing a new method for producing cutting picks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the pick-shaped cutting tooth with the plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide tip by fully utilizing tungsten carbide tip materials, reducing the production cost of the cutting tooth and recycling the tooth body with the worn head while improving the high-temperature resistance and the wear resistance of the head of the pick-shaped cutting tooth body.
The invention also provides a processing method of the pickaxe-shaped cutting pick.
In order to achieve the aim, the pick-shaped cutting pick with the plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide tip adopts the technical scheme that:
a pick-type cutting pick coated with a composite tungsten carbide tip in a plasma fusion mode comprises a pick body and a tip, wherein the pick body is sequentially named as a pick head, a pick waist, a pick bottom and a pick handle from top to bottom;
the method comprises the following steps: the tooth waist, the tooth bottom and the tooth handle are made of medium carbon alloy quenched and tempered steel; the tooth head is made of alloy steel with high hardenability, high tempering resistance and high hardness, and preferably made of medium-low carbon high nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel.
The tooth body can be newly processed or can be a tooth body with a worn and scrapped tooth head which is recycled
The method for processing the pickaxe-shaped cutting pick mainly comprises the following steps: machining a medium carbon alloy quenched and tempered steel tooth body without a tooth head part → quenching and tempering heat treatment of the tooth body → friction welding an alloy steel tooth head with high hardenability, high tempering resistance and high hardness → the top of the tooth head is coated with a composite tungsten carbide tooth tip in a plasma cladding mode. The detailed method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining tooth tip length
According to the design drawing of the original cutting pick, determining the length of a pick head from the top end (excluding the pick tip) of the pick body to the 1/2-2/3 part of the bottom height of the end table with the maximum diameter of the pick body;
the second step is that: machining a medium carbon alloy quenched and tempered steel tooth body without a tooth head part, namely machining a tooth handle, a tooth bottom and a tooth waist, combining the tooth handle, the tooth bottom and the tooth waist to form a tooth body, and performing quenching and tempering heat treatment, namely quenching and high-temperature tempering, wherein if the tooth body is scrapped, the tooth body does not need quenching and tempering heat treatment;
and thirdly, selecting a medium-low carbon high nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel bar (namely high-hardenability high-tempering resistance high-hardness alloy steel) with the diameter similar to that of the top of the tooth body in the second step, sawing by adding 5-10 mm according to the length of the tooth head determined in the first step, and welding the alloy bar on the top of the tooth body on a friction welding machine.
The fourth step: processing an alloy bar welded with the top of the tooth body into a tooth head shape according to the original design drawing requirements;
the fifth step: the method comprises the following steps of cladding a composite tungsten carbide tooth tip at the center of the top of a tooth head by using a plasma cladding machine tool, and specifically comprises the following steps: clamping the handle part of the pick body of the cutting pick, keeping the top end face of the pick head at a horizontal position, and rotating at a constant speed along the central axis of the pick body, wherein the rotating speed is 10-20 r/min; the plasma torch is kept at a certain distance above the top end face of the tooth head, and the distance ensures that the length of the plasma arc is within the range of 25-35 mm; and (2) igniting a plasma arc while rotating the tooth body and simultaneously feeding powder, wherein the plasma torch moves at a constant speed to the center of the end face from a position 2-4 mm away from the edge of the outer circle of the end face along the radial direction of the end face at the top of the tooth head, the moving speed is 10-20 mm/min, the plasma torch moves at the same speed to the opposite direction along the radial direction immediately after moving to the center until the plasma torch moves in the reverse direction 4-6 mm away from the edge, and the process is repeated after moving to the center, but the distance from the plasma torch to the edge outwards each time is reduced by about 2 +/-0.1 mm compared with the previous time, and the plasma torch is correspondingly lifted along with the increase of the thickness of a cladding layer until the moving distance is reduced to the center and cladding is stopped, so.
The powder feeding mode of the invention preferably utilizes double powder feeders to respectively feed the nickel-based alloy powder and the tungsten carbide powder from front to back.
The method for respectively feeding the nickel-based alloy powder and the tungsten carbide powder into the front and the back of the double powder feeder comprises the following steps: two numerical control powder feeders above the plasma torch respectively feed powder to two powder feeding holes in front of and behind a nozzle of the plasma torch, a central connecting line of the two powder feeding holes and the nozzle is parallel to the rotating tangential direction of the top surface of the tooth body, nickel-based alloy powder is fed into the powder feeding hole in front of the nozzle, tungsten carbide powder is fed into the powder feeding hole in back of the nozzle, and when the tooth body rotates, plasma arc is ignited to feed powder simultaneously.
Further: the granularity of the nickel-based alloy powder is-80 +200 meshes, and the powder feeding amount is 50-90 g/min; the granularity of the tungsten carbide powder is-80 +200 meshes, and the powder feeding amount is 180-280 g/min.
Further: the flow of the plasma working argon is 2.0-5.0l/min, and the plasma cladding current is 50-150A.
(6) And finishing the tooth tip by using a grinding wheel to meet the design requirement.
The method can also be used for repairing the existing waste tooth body worn by the tooth head, and the specific method comprises the following steps: cutting off the tooth head part on the tooth waist of the scrapped tooth body, processing a plane, directly friction-welding a medium-low carbon high nickel chromium molybdenum alloy steel bar which is matched with the tooth head on the processed plane, processing the alloy steel bar into a designed tooth head shape, and finally plasma cladding the composite tungsten carbide tooth tip on the top of the tooth head.
The invention has the positive effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the technology of plasma fusion thick coating with low heat input, low ablation decomposition, high tungsten carbide content and high wear resistance, a high-hardenability high-tempering-resistance high-hardness alloy steel tooth head is welded on the top of the tooth body of the medium-carbon alloy quenched and tempered steel tooth body in a friction mode, and then the composite tungsten carbide tooth tip is fused and coated on the top of the high-hardenability high-tempering-resistance high-hardness alloy steel tooth head, so that the optimized combination of the strength and toughness of the middle part (namely the tooth body) of the tooth body of the cutting tooth, the high-temperature wear resistance of the tooth head and the cutting performance of coal rock of the tooth tip is realized, the tooth tip is protected while the wear resistance of the tooth head is improved, the tooth tip is prevented from being exposed and falling off, the coal mining efficiency.
2. The method of the invention can also be used for repairing the worn and scrapped tooth body of the existing tooth head, so that the tooth handle and the tooth body of the tooth body can be reused, the production process is greatly simplified, the valuable materials are saved, and the production cost is reduced.
In a word, the pickaxe-type cutting pick is high-efficiency mechanical coal mining equipment commonly adopted in underground coal mining, and due to the defects of the material of a pick head and a pick tip and the processing method, the pickaxe-type cutting pick sold in the market at present has short service life and high rejection rate, so that the personnel in the field can only adopt a furnace returning mode aiming at the waste cutting pick all the time, the coal mining efficiency is reduced, the coal mining cost is increased, and the method is in line with the energy-saving, consumption-reducing and benefit-increasing policy advocated by the state at present. The inventor does not change the original cutting pick design, only by changing the material of the cutting pick tip, the connection mode of the cutting pick tip and the tooth waist and the forming mode of the cutting pick tip, the high-temperature resistance and wear resistance of the cutting pick are improved, the discarded cutting pick in a coal mine can be reused after being repaired, the hidden economic benefit behind the back cannot be underestimated, a new thought is provided for the processing technology of the pickaxe type cutting pick, the remarkable progress is achieved, and the creativity of the 3 rd section regulation of the 22 nd patent law is met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a pick-type pick made by a prior art machining method;
fig. 2 is a sectional view of a pick-type cutting pick prepared by the processing method of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-tooth body, 1.1-tooth handle, 1.2-tooth bottom, 1.3-tooth waist, 1.4-tooth head, 2-tooth tip and 3-tooth waist top surface.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention will be more clearly and clearly defined.
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a conventional pick-type cutting pick, which includes a pick body 1 and a tip 2, wherein a shank 1.1, a bottom 1.2, a waist 1.3 and a head 1.4 of the pick body 1 are integrally formed, and the tip 2 is welded to the top of the head 1.4 by brazing.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the pick of the present invention, and it is seen that the pick body of the present invention also includes a shank 1.1, a root 1.2, a web 1.3 and a tip 1.4, but the tip 1.4 of the present invention is friction welded to a web top surface 3, with a tip 2 being clad to the tip 1.4.
The cutting pick processing method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining tooth tip length
According to the design drawing of the original cutting pick, the length of a bit head is determined to be 1.4 from the top end (excluding a tooth tip 2) of a pick body 1 to the 1/2-2/3 part of the bottom height of an end table with the maximum diameter of the pick body; specifically, referring to fig. 1, the length of the tooth head 1.4 ranges from 1/2 to 2/3 of the vertical distance between the two points a and b.
The second step is that: machining a tooth handle 1.1, a tooth bottom 1.2 and a tooth waist 1.3 of a tooth body 1 according to the existing machining method, combining the three parts to form a tooth body, and performing quenching and tempering heat treatment, namely quenching and high-temperature tempering; if the recovered tooth head is a scrapped tooth body with worn tooth head, the step can be omitted because the scrapped tooth body is subjected to quality adjustment treatment in the production process, and the scrapped tooth body is only required to be cut and processed according to the design of a drawing;
and thirdly, selecting a medium-low carbon high nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel bar (namely high-hardenability high-tempering resistance high-hardness alloy steel) with the diameter similar to that of the top of the tooth body (namely the top 3 of the tooth waist) in the second step, saw cutting the tooth head by increasing the length of 1.4 mm to 5-10 mm according to the length determined in the first step, and welding the alloy bar on the top of the tooth body on a friction welding machine.
The fourth step: processing an alloy bar welded with the top of the tooth body into a tooth head 1.4 shape according to the original design drawing requirements;
the fifth step: a plasma cladding machine tool is utilized to clad a composite tungsten carbide tooth tip 2 at the center of the top of a tooth head 1.4, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the tooth handle 1.1 part of the pick body is clamped, so that the top end face of the pick head 1.4 keeps a horizontal position and rotates at a constant speed along the central axis of the pick body 1; the plasma torch is kept at the top of the tooth head 1.4 and the length of the plasma arc is ensured to be within the range of 25-35 mm; the plasma arc is ignited while the tooth body 1 rotates, powder is fed simultaneously, the plasma torch moves from a position 2-4 mm away from the edge of the outer circle of the end face to the center of the end face along the radial direction of the end face at the top of the tooth head 1.4, moves to the center at a constant speed, moves to the opposite direction at the same speed immediately after moving to the center, moves to the position 4-6 mm away from the edge again in the reverse direction, the process is repeated after moving to the center, but the distance from the plasma torch to the edge outwards moves each time is reduced by about 2 mm compared with the distance from the previous time, the plasma torch correspondingly lifts along with the increase of the thickness of a cladding layer until the moving distance is reduced to the center, cladding is stopped, the shape similar to the shape of the tooth tip 2 is clad, and finally the tooth.
The powder feeding method comprises the following steps: two numerical control powder feeders above the plasma torch respectively feed powder to two powder feeding holes at two sides of a nozzle of the plasma torch, the central connecting line of the two powder feeding holes and the nozzle is parallel to the rotating tangential direction of the top surface of the tooth body 1, nickel-based alloy powder with the granularity of minus 80 meshes plus 200 meshes is fed into the powder feeding hole positioned in front of the nozzle, tungsten carbide powder with the granularity of minus 80 meshes plus 200 meshes is fed into the powder feeding hole positioned in back of the nozzle, and the powder feeding amounts are 50-90g/min of the nickel-based alloy powder and 180 g/min of the tungsten carbide powder plus 280 g/min. The flow of the plasma working argon is 2.0-5.0l/min, when the tooth body 1 rotates, plasma arc is ignited and powder is sent at the same time, the plasma cladding current is 50-150A, and the cladding process is started until the composite tungsten carbide tooth tip 2 is clad.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions which are not thought of by creative work are all covered within the scope of the invention, for example, the curvature of the generatrix 1.3 of the back of the tooth shown in fig. 2 of the present invention is not consistent with the generatrix 1.3 of the existing back of the tooth shown in fig. 1, and the curvature is not specially designed, but is naturally formed by friction welding and hot pressing when the tooth head is welded on the top of the back of the tooth, and has no influence on the use of the cutting tooth. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A pick-type cutting pick coated with a composite tungsten carbide tip in a plasma fusion mode comprises a pick body and a tip, wherein the pick body is sequentially named as a pick head, a pick waist, a pick bottom and a pick handle from top to bottom; the tooth waist, the tooth bottom and the tooth handle are made of medium carbon alloy quenched and tempered steel; the tooth head is made of alloy steel.
2. A method of machining a pick-type cutting pick with a plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide tip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises: machining a medium carbon alloy quenched and tempered steel tooth body without a tooth head part → quenching and tempering heat treatment of the tooth body → carrying out friction welding on a medium and low carbon high nickel chromium molybdenum alloy steel tooth head with high hardenability, high tempering resistance and high hardness → carrying out plasma cladding on the top of the tooth head to form a composite tungsten carbide tooth tip.
3. The method for machining a pick-type cutting pick with a plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide tip as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the first step is as follows: determining tooth tip length
According to the design drawing of the original cutting pick, the range of 1/2-2/3 of the vertical distance from the top end of a pick body without the tip to the bottom of the maximum diameter end table of the pick body is determined as the length range of a pick head;
the second step is that: machining a medium carbon alloy quenched and tempered steel tooth body without a tooth head part, namely machining a tooth handle, a tooth bottom and a tooth waist, combining the tooth handle, the tooth bottom and the tooth waist to form a tooth body, and performing quenching and tempering heat treatment, namely quenching and high-temperature tempering;
thirdly, selecting a medium-low carbon high nickel chromium molybdenum alloy steel bar with the diameter similar to that of the top of the tooth body in the second step, saw cutting by increasing the length of the tooth head by 5-10 mm according to the length determined in the first step, and welding the alloy bar on the top of the tooth body on a friction welding machine;
the fourth step: processing an alloy bar welded with the top of the tooth body into a tooth head shape according to the original design drawing requirements;
the fifth step: the method comprises the following steps of cladding a composite tungsten carbide tooth tip at the center of the top of a tooth head by using a plasma cladding machine tool, and specifically comprises the following steps: clamping the handle part of the pick body of the cutting pick, keeping the top end face of the pick head at a horizontal position, and rotating at a constant speed along the central axis of the pick body, wherein the rotating speed is 10-20 r/min; the plasma torch is kept at a certain distance above the top end face of the tooth head, and the distance ensures that the length of the plasma arc is within the range of 25-35 mm; the plasma arc is ignited while the tooth body rotates, powder is fed at the same time, the plasma torch moves towards the center of the end face at a constant speed from a position 2-4 mm away from the edge of the outer circle of the end face along the radial direction of the end face at the top of the tooth head, the moving speed is 10-20 mm/min, the plasma torch moves in the opposite direction at the same speed immediately after moving to the center, the plasma torch moves in the reverse direction again until the position 4-6 mm away from the edge, the process is repeated after moving to the center, but the distance from the plasma torch to the edge is reduced by 2 +/-0.1 mm each time when moving outwards to the edge is reduced by 2 +/-0.1 mm than before, and the plasma torch is correspondingly lifted along with the increase of the thickness of a cladding layer until the moving distance is;
and a sixth step: and the grinding wheel is used for trimming the tooth tip to meet the design requirement.
4. The method for machining a pick-type cutting pick with a plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide tip as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and fifthly, feeding the nickel-based alloy powder and the tungsten carbide powder respectively from front to back by adopting a double powder feeder.
5. The method for machining a pick-type cutting pick with a plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide tip as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the method for respectively feeding the nickel-based alloy powder and the tungsten carbide powder into the front and the back of the double powder feeder comprises the following steps: two numerical control powder feeders above the plasma torch respectively feed powder to two powder feeding holes in front of and behind a nozzle of the plasma torch, a central connecting line of the two powder feeding holes and the nozzle is parallel to the rotating tangential direction of the top surface of the tooth body, nickel-based alloy powder is fed into the powder feeding hole in front of the nozzle, tungsten carbide powder is fed into the powder feeding hole in back of the nozzle, and when the tooth body rotates, plasma arc is ignited to feed powder simultaneously.
6. The method for processing a pick-type cutting pick with a plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide tip as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein: the granularity of the nickel-based alloy powder is-80 +200 meshes, and the powder feeding amount is 50-90 g/min; the granularity of the tungsten carbide powder is-80 +200 meshes, and the powder feeding amount is 180-280 g/min.
7. The method for processing a pick-type cutting pick with a plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide tip as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein: the flow of the plasma working argon is 2.0-5.0l/min, and the plasma cladding current is 50-150A.
8. A method for repairing a scrapped cutting tooth by using the method for machining the pickaxe-type cutting tooth with the plasma cladding composite tungsten carbide tip as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 7 is characterized in that the tooth head part on the tooth waist of the scrapped tooth body is cut off and a plane is machined, a medium-low carbon high nickel chromium molybdenum alloy steel bar which is adaptive to the tooth head is directly welded on the machined plane in a friction welding mode, then the alloy steel bar is machined into a designed tooth head shape, and finally the composite tungsten carbide tip is plasma cladding on the top of the tooth head.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114000876A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-02-01 | 广东省科学院智能制造研究所 | Cutting pick, composite machining method thereof and mining machine |
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| CN111425203B (en) | 2021-05-11 |
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