CN111424831B - 一种具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN111424831B
CN111424831B CN202010219861.4A CN202010219861A CN111424831B CN 111424831 B CN111424831 B CN 111424831B CN 202010219861 A CN202010219861 A CN 202010219861A CN 111424831 B CN111424831 B CN 111424831B
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韩长海
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Beijing Maohua Polyurethane Building Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板及其制备工艺,包括依次设置的基板、第二聚氨酯层、阻尼层、第一聚氨酯层,以及与基板配合将第二聚氨酯层、阻尼层、第一聚氨酯层包覆在其内部的壳体,壳体表面开设有孔洞;还包括有消音管,消音管的管壁上内凹形成有凹槽,凹槽沿轴向布置有多个;消音管贯穿第一聚氨酯层、阻尼层和第二聚氨酯层,端部分别与第一聚氨酯层表面或第二聚氨酯层表面平齐;第一聚氨酯层背离阻尼层的表面上开设一条吸音槽,吸音槽弯曲布置,消音管端部位于吸音槽中;吸音槽中还填充有吸声棉。本发明的聚氨酯板通过对声波进行隔、阻、消、吸四种处理手段,直接通过消耗声波能量,使其具有良好的隔音功能。

Description

一种具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯板制作技术领域,特别涉及一种具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板及其制备工艺。
背景技术
随着我们的建筑行业的大力发展,大部分人对于建筑选择开始变得节俭化,而聚氨酯夹芯板是建筑用聚氨酯绝热夹芯板,又称为防渗漏夹芯屋面板、聚氨酯硬泡保温板、聚氨酯复合板、PU板等。它是一种用途广泛、极具潜力的高效节能建筑围护材料,也是国家建设部提倡和推广的一种新型节能板材,该产品是以聚氨酯硬泡作为保温层的双金属面、单金属面、非金属面复合板材,通常用于工业厂房、物流仓储、集成房屋的墙面、屋面围护系统,导热系数低聚氨酯夹芯板复合板的导热系数小、绝热性能好,是目前最好的保温材料。
但是,现有的隔音聚氨酯夹芯板隔音效果差,不满足现有的需求,对此我们提出了一种隔音聚氨酯板。
发明内容
本发明的目的一在于提供一种聚氨酯板,具有良好的隔音功能。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板,包括依次设置的基板、第二聚氨酯层、阻尼层、第一聚氨酯层,以及与基板配合将第二聚氨酯层、阻尼层、第一聚氨酯层包覆在其内部的壳体,所述壳体表面开设有孔洞。
通过采用上述技术方案,将基板、第二聚氨酯层、阻尼层、第一聚氨酯层以及壳体设置在一起形成的聚氨酯板,经过壳体、聚氨酯层和阻尼层对声波进行阻拦和消耗能量,使得聚氨酯板具有良好的隔音效果。
本发明进一步设置为:所述第一聚氨酯层和第二聚氨酯层均由PU材料制成。
通过采用上述技术方案,聚氨酯指在分子主链上含有较多氨基甲酸酯基团特征结构的一大类聚合物,是一种介于塑料和橡胶之间的高分子材料,它的伸长率大、硬度范围宽,配方调整范围大,具有优异的耐磨性和力学性能。
本发明进一步设置为:所述阻尼层为自粘改良沥青板。
通过采用上述技术方案,阻尼层作为一种粘弹性材料,贴附在第一聚氨酯层和第二聚氨酯层之间,主要是为了抑制第一聚氨酯层和第二聚氨酯层震动,破坏聚氨酯的共振,从而避免因共振对声音传播的强化作用,有效提高了隔音板的隔音效果。
本发明进一步设置为:所述壳体和基板均由镀锌板制作。
通过采用上述技术方案,镀锌板是热轧钢带或冷轧钢带经过连续热浸镀锌工艺而生产出来的,产品具有耐腐蚀强、表面质量好、有利于深加工、经济实用等特点,设置在最外层对聚氨酯板起到防护作用,从而延长聚氨酯板的使用周期。
本发明进一步设置为:布置在壳体上的孔洞直径为3mm,穿孔率大于25%。
通过采用上述技术方案,孔洞直径为3mm、穿孔率大于25%以便供声波穿入聚氨酯板中。
本发明进一步设置为:所述聚氨酯板还包括有消音管,所述消音管的管壁上内凹形成有凹槽,所述凹槽沿轴向布置有多个;所述消音管贯穿第一聚氨酯层、阻尼层和第二聚氨酯层,端部分别与第一聚氨酯层表面或第二聚氨酯层表面平齐。
通过采用上述技术方案,消音管内部形成多个相互连通的腔室,声波在消音管中传导时,声波依次通过各腔室,声波往复进行缩小扩大过程,通过消耗声波能量,实现消音管消音的目的。
本发明进一步设置为:所述消音管越靠近第二聚氨酯层的凹槽,深度尺寸越大。
通过采用上述技术方案,使声波在传导的过程中,缩小扩大的幅度越来越大,增加声波能量的消耗。
本发明进一步设置为:所述第一聚氨酯层背离阻尼层的表面上开设一条吸音槽,所述吸音槽弯曲布置,所述消音管端部位于吸音槽中;所述吸音槽中还填充有吸声棉。
通过采用上述技术方案,声波从孔洞中穿入,先受到聚氨酯层的阻挡,进入消音管前,先在吸音槽中传播,而吸声棉具有消音作用,声波在吸声棉的传递过程中发生摩擦转变成热能,有效降低声波的传递,从而起到降低噪音的效果。
本发明进一步设置为:所述壳体的内壁上粘接一层护面布,护面布选为憎水玻璃布。
通过采用上述技术方案,憎水玻璃布对水滴或水蒸气进行阻拦,避免渗透至聚氨酯板内,使吸声棉等受受潮,保证聚氨酯板的隔音效果。
本发明的目的二在于提供一种具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板的制备工艺,它能够更标准化的生产聚氨酯板。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:包括以下步骤:
S1、裁板,根据预定尺寸裁制第一聚氨酯层、阻尼层和第二聚氨酯层裁剪,并预制外壳和基板,使外壳刚好包覆在第一聚氨酯层、阻尼层和第二聚氨酯层上;
S2、预装配,将第一聚氨酯层和第二聚氨酯层粘接在阻尼层两侧,然后把消音管穿设在第一聚氨酯层、阻尼层和第二聚氨酯层上,形成聚氨酯板的主体;
S3、总装配,在第一聚氨酯层的吸音槽中填充吸音棉,并在壳体内表面铺设护面布,然后将聚氨酯板主体装嵌在壳体中,基板与壳体敞口端对齐,最后进行焊接密封。
通过采用上述技术方案,如此制得的聚氨酯板对声波进行了隔、阻、消、吸四种处理手段,直接通过消耗声波能量,达到聚氨酯板隔音的目的,使聚氨酯板的隔音效果更好;且为聚氨酯板的生产提供标准,
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、通过在聚氨酯板中设置阻尼板、消音管和吸音棉,聚氨酯板对声波进行隔、阻、消、吸四种处理手段,直接通过消耗声波能量,达到聚氨酯板隔音的目的;
2、通过在壳体中设置护面布,护面布对水滴或水蒸气进行阻拦,避免渗透至聚氨酯板内,使吸声棉等受受潮,保证聚氨酯板的隔音效果。
附图说明
图1是实施例的结构示意图。
图中,1、第一聚氨酯层;2、阻尼层;3、第二聚氨酯层;4、基板;5、壳体;51、孔洞;6、消音管;61、凹槽;7、吸音槽。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例:一种具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板,如图1所示,包括依次设置的基板4、第二聚氨酯层3、阻尼层2、第一聚氨酯层1,以及与基板4配合将第二聚氨酯层3、阻尼层2、第一聚氨酯层1包覆在其内部的壳体5。
第一聚氨酯层1和第二聚氨酯层3均由PU材料制成,聚氨酯指在分子主链上含有较多氨基甲酸酯基团特征结构的一大类聚合物,是一种介于塑料和橡胶之间的高分子材料,它的伸长率大、硬度范围宽,配方调整范围大,具有优异的耐磨性和力学性能。
阻尼层2为自粘改良沥青板,阻尼层2作为一种粘弹性材料,贴附在第一聚氨酯层1和第二聚氨酯层3之间,主要是为了抑制第一聚氨酯层1和第二聚氨酯层3震动,破坏聚氨酯的共振,从而避免因共振对声音传播的强化作用,有效提高了隔音板的隔音效果。
壳体5和基板4均由镀锌板制作,镀锌板是热轧钢带或冷轧钢带经过连续热浸镀锌工艺而生产出来的,产品具有耐腐蚀强、表面质量好、有利于深加工、经济实用等特点,设置在最外层对聚氨酯板起到防护作用,从而延长聚氨酯板的使用周期。
壳体5的表面均匀开设有孔洞51,孔洞51直径为3mm,且穿孔率大于25%,以便供声波穿入聚氨酯板中。
将基板4、第二聚氨酯层3、阻尼层2、第一聚氨酯层1以及壳体5设置在一起形成的聚氨酯板,经过壳体5、聚氨酯层和阻尼层2对声波进行阻拦和消耗能量,使得聚氨酯板具有良好的隔音效果。
聚氨酯板中还设置有消音管6,本实施例中,消音管6数量设为5个,分布在聚氨酯板的边角及中部位置处。消音管6两端均开口设置,贯穿第一聚氨酯层1、阻尼层2和第二聚氨酯层3,端部分别与第一聚氨酯层1表面或第二聚氨酯层3表面平齐。消音管6的管壁上内凹形成有凹槽61,凹槽61沿轴向布置有多个,且越靠近第二聚氨酯层3的凹槽61,深度尺寸越大;凹槽61的设置使消音管6内径缩小,消音管6内部形成多个相互连通的腔室,声波在消音管6中传导时,声波依次通过各腔室,声波往复进行缩小扩大过程,通过消耗声波能量,实现消音管6消音的目的。
进一步的,在第一聚氨酯层1背离阻尼层2的表面上开设一条吸音槽7,吸音槽7呈蛇形弯曲布置,使面向第一聚氨酯层1的消音管6端部均位于吸音槽7中;吸音槽7中填充有吸声棉,吸声棉具有消音作用,声波在吸声棉的传递过程中发生摩擦转变成热能,有效降低声波的传递,从而起到降低噪音的效果。
在壳体5的内壁上粘接一层护面布,护面布选为憎水玻璃布,对水滴或水蒸气进行阻拦,避免渗透至聚氨酯板内,使吸声棉等受受潮,保证聚氨酯板的隔音效果。
本实施例的聚氨酯板制作时,第一步裁板,将第一聚氨酯层1、阻尼层2和第二聚氨酯层3裁剪至所需尺寸及厚度,然后预制外壳和基板4,使外壳刚好包覆在第一聚氨酯层1、阻尼层2和第二聚氨酯层3上。
第二步预装配,将第一聚氨酯层1和第二聚氨酯层3粘接在阻尼层2两侧,然后把消音管6穿设在粘接好的第一聚氨酯层1、阻尼层2和第二聚氨酯层3上,形成聚氨酯板的主体。
第三步总装配,在第一聚氨酯层1的吸音槽7中填充吸音棉,并在壳体5内表面铺设护面布,然后将聚氨酯板主体装嵌在壳体5中,基板4与壳体5敞口端对齐,最后进行焊接密封。
如此制得的聚氨酯板对声波进行了隔、阻、消、吸四种处理手段,直接通过消耗声波能量,达到聚氨酯板隔音的目的,使聚氨酯板的隔音效果更好。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (7)

1.一种具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板,其特征在于:包括依次设置的基板(4)、第二聚氨酯层(3)、阻尼层(2)、第一聚氨酯层(1),以及与基板(4)配合将第二聚氨酯层(3)、阻尼层(2)、第一聚氨酯层(1)包覆在其内部的壳体(5),所述壳体(5)表面开设有孔洞(51);
所述聚氨酯板还包括有消音管(6),所述消音管(6)的管壁上内凹形成有凹槽(61),所述凹槽(61)沿轴向布置有多个;所述消音管(6)贯穿第一聚氨酯层(1)、阻尼层(2)和第二聚氨酯层(3),端部分别与第一聚氨酯层(1)表面或第二聚氨酯层(3)表面平齐;
所述消音管(6)越靠近第二聚氨酯层(3)的凹槽(61),深度尺寸越大;
所述第一聚氨酯层(1)背离阻尼层(2)的表面上开设一条吸音槽(7),所述吸音槽(7)弯曲布置,所述消音管(6)端部位于吸音槽(7)中;所述吸音槽(7)中还填充有吸声棉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板,其特征在于:所述第一聚氨酯层(1)和第二聚氨酯层(3)均由PU材料制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板,其特征在于:所述阻尼层(2)为自粘改良沥青板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板,其特征在于:所述壳体(5)和基板(4)均由镀锌板制作。
5.根据权利要求4所述的具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板,其特征在于:布置在壳体(5)上的孔洞(51)直径为3mm,穿孔率大于25%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板,其特征在于:所述壳体(5)的内壁上粘接一层护面布,护面布选为憎水玻璃布。
7.一种制备如权利要求1-6任一项所述的具有隔音功能的聚氨酯板的工艺,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1、裁板,根据预定尺寸裁制第一聚氨酯层(1)、阻尼层(2)和第二聚氨酯层(3)裁剪,并预制外壳和基板(4),使外壳刚好包覆在第一聚氨酯层(1)、阻尼层(2)和第二聚氨酯层(3)上;
S2、预装配,将第一聚氨酯层(1)和第二聚氨酯层(3)粘接在阻尼层(2)两侧,然后把消音管(6)穿设在第一聚氨酯层(1)、阻尼层(2)和第二聚氨酯层(3)上,形成聚氨酯板的主体;
S3、总装配,在第一聚氨酯层(1)的吸音槽(7)中填充吸音棉,并在壳体(5)内表面铺设护面布,然后将聚氨酯板主体装嵌在壳体(5)中,基板(4)与壳体(5)敞口端对齐,最后进行焊接密封。
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CN206562574U (zh) * 2017-03-01 2017-10-17 胡永耀 一种公路工程隔音板
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