CN111424130B - Improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device and reduction method - Google Patents
Improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device and reduction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111424130B CN111424130B CN202010484996.3A CN202010484996A CN111424130B CN 111424130 B CN111424130 B CN 111424130B CN 202010484996 A CN202010484996 A CN 202010484996A CN 111424130 B CN111424130 B CN 111424130B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/66—Heat exchange
Abstract
The invention discloses an improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device and method, and relates to the field of pyrometallurgy direct reduction. The reduction device comprises a reduction unit, the reduction unit comprises a reduction chamber, a combustion chamber and a regenerative chamber, the top of the reduction chamber is provided with a charging port and a discharging port, the periphery of the reduction chamber is provided with a sealing wall, and the ports are provided with furnace covers; the two sides of the reduction chamber are provided with combustion chambers, a heat conduction furnace wall is arranged between the reduction chamber and the combustion chambers, a regenerator is arranged below the reduction chamber and the combustion chambers, and the regenerator is connected with the combustion chambers through channels. The reduction method is to put the furnace burden into a device for heating and reduction, discharge and then sort to obtain the reduction product. The invention adopts a heat accumulating type combustion technology, fully utilizes the waste heat of the flue gas, reduces the energy consumption, and solves the problem of large energy consumption loss of flue gas heat exchange in the prior art; the reduction chamber is only provided with a top port, so that heat dissipation is effectively reduced, and energy consumption is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pyrometallurgy direct reduction, in particular to an improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device and a reduction method.
Background
The main processes of direct reduction at present include: a gas-based shaft furnace process, a coal-based rotary kiln process, a rotary hearth furnace process, a tunnel kiln process, a coal-based shaft furnace process and the like. The gas-based shaft furnace adopts natural gas or coal gas as raw materials, and the gas is taken as raw materials in countries with a plurality of gas deficiency and coal deficiency, so that the gas-based shaft furnace is not suitable for China, the cost is increased, and the product competitiveness is reduced. The coal-based rotary kiln process can stop production of projects such as Tianjin seamless and Xinjiang Fuzheng due to the ring formation problem, small monomer yield and the like. The rotary hearth furnace process has been developed to a certain extent in the field of domestic waste treatment, but the process has poor product quality and low grade, and the application of the product is limited. Tunnel kiln processes have been eliminated from the market due to low yield, low automation, high energy consumption, and the like. The coal-based shaft furnace process is suitable for the current situation that coal is taken as a main energy source in China, and has the most development potential. However, the existing coal-based shaft furnace process has some defects, and mainly comprises the following steps: (1) The optimal recycling of the heat energy of the combustion exhaust gas is not considered, but a heat exchange mode is simply adopted, and the waste heat is not fully utilized; (2) uneven temperature distribution in the reduction chamber, which affects the product quality; (3) the kiln structure is unreasonable and the furnace wall is easy to damage.
The patent with publication number CN201166513 of external heating type shaft furnace for directly reducing iron by coal base discloses an external heating type shaft furnace for directly reducing iron by coal base, which is characterized in that a plurality of independent rectangular vertical reduction reaction chambers are arranged in a furnace body, gas combustion chambers are respectively arranged at two sides of each rectangular vertical reduction reaction chamber, a plurality of layers of gas burners are arranged in the height direction of the combustion chambers, and part of heat of hot flue gas is recovered at the upper part of the furnace in a heat exchange mode. The shaft furnace has the following disadvantages: (1) The temperature near the burner is high, the temperature far away from the burner is low, the temperature of furnace burden is uneven, the product quality is influenced, and the reduction effect is influenced; (2) The outer walls at the two sides of the rectangular vertical reduction reaction chamber are not fixed with reinforcing ribs, when the furnace burden in the furnace reacts at high temperature, the side wall is stressed greatly, and the furnace wall is damaged easily; (3) Although the high-temperature flue gas can recover part of heat through the heat exchanger, the heat recovery effect is not ideal.
The patent of publication No. CN204529897U, an external heating type coal-based shaft furnace for producing direct reduced iron, describes that two sides of a furnace burden reduction chamber are provided with air flow channels, a gas supplementing channel is arranged in a dividing wall, the upper part of the air flow channel is communicated with a flue gas collecting channel, the lower part of the air flow channel is communicated with the air flow channel, the lower part of the dividing wall is provided with the air flow channel, the lower part of the air flow channel is provided with a reduction air channel, and an air flow distribution brick is arranged between the air flow channel and the air flow channel. The dividing wall is formed by building a vertical wall, an airflow channel and a whole body. The air flow channel is a vertical channel in the middle of the furnace body. According to the description of this patent, the drawbacks are: (1) The structure is quite complex, the construction is difficult, the refractory material consumption is large, and the overall investment is high; (2) The temperature distribution of the air supply channel is uneven, so that the quality of products is affected, and the reduction effect is affected; (3) The heat exchange wall is not effectively reinforced, and when the furnace burden in the furnace reacts at high temperature, the side wall is stressed greatly, and the heat exchange wall is damaged easily; (4) the high-temperature flue gas has no effective heat recovery facilities.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device and an improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction method, which have the advantages of low energy consumption, uniform heating temperature, external force discharging, high device operation rate and low equipment investment.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the device adopts the following scheme: an improved regenerative coal-based reduction device comprises a reduction unit; the reduction unit comprises a reduction chamber, a combustion chamber and a regenerative chamber, wherein the top of the reduction chamber is provided with ports, the periphery of the reduction chamber is provided with sealing walls, and the ports are provided with furnace covers; combustion chambers are arranged on two sides of the reduction chamber, and a heat conduction furnace wall is arranged between the reduction chamber and the combustion chambers; a regenerator is arranged below the reduction chamber and the combustion chamber, and the regenerator is connected with the combustion chamber through a connecting channel.
Compared with the prior art, the device has the beneficial effects that:
the reduction device adopts a heat accumulating type combustion technology, fully utilizes the waste heat of the flue gas, reduces the energy consumption, and solves the problem of high energy consumption loss of flue gas heat exchange in the prior art; the reduction chamber is only provided with the top port, so that the structure is simple, the maintenance is convenient, the heat loss is effectively reduced, and the energy consumption is saved; the reduction unit reduces the cooling part, greatly reduces the consumption of masonry materials and related auxiliary equipment.
The heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device has the preferable scheme that:
at least one flame path group is arranged in the combustion chamber, the flame path group comprises a single flame path and a double flame path, the upper parts of the single flame path and the double flame path are provided with flow channels, and the lower parts of the single flame path and the double flame path are provided with channel walls for separation. The flue group of the combustion chamber periodically changes the flow direction of waste heat flue gas, so that the heating temperature of the reduction chamber is more uniform, and the flue of the combustion chamber plays a role in reinforcing, so that the furnace wall of the reduction chamber is firmer.
The heat accumulating chambers are respectively connected with the singular flame path of one combustion chamber and the even flame path of the other combustion chamber above the heat accumulating chambers, and the two ends of one reduction unit are respectively provided with a single heat accumulating chamber which is only connected with the singular flame path or the even flame path of the one combustion chamber above the heat accumulating chamber.
The number of the reduction chambers in one reduction unit is n, the number of the combustion chambers is n+1, and when the number of the regenerators is n, the number of the single regenerators is 2; when the number of regenerators is 2n, the number of single regenerators is 4.
The reduction device also comprises a discharge device, wherein the discharge device comprises a discharge machine, and the discharge machine is positioned on the top platform of the reduction chamber. The discharging device is used for discharging, so that the situations that the running of the furnace burden is blocked and the discharging from the lower part of the reduction chamber is difficult due to the fact that the furnace burden is bonded with the side wall are avoided, the furnace burden in a plurality of reduction chambers is discharged rapidly, and the equipment operation rate is improved.
The discharging machine adopts a spiral discharging machine, the discharging device further comprises a movable cart, a material guiding device and a material tank, the movable cart which sequentially spans across the reduction chamber and the combustion chamber moves on a platform at the top of the reduction unit, the movable cart is provided with a movable spiral discharging machine and a movable lifting furnace cover machine, the spiral discharging machine is connected with the material guiding device, the material guiding device is connected with the material tank, and the material tank is located on a track on the ground of the reduction unit.
When the spiral discharging machine only moves in the vertical direction on the moving cart, the material guiding device comprises a horizontal spiral discharging machine, a horizontal sealing shell and a discharging pipe; the movable cart is provided with a sealing furnace cover capable of moving up and down, the sealing furnace cover is movably sleeved in the stabilizing frame, a spiral discharging machine penetrates through the sealing furnace cover, the spiral discharging machine comprises a feeding spiral shaft and a cylindrical sleeve, the cylindrical sleeve is vertically connected with a horizontal sealing shell, the horizontal sealing shell is internally provided with a penetrating horizontal spiral discharging machine, two ends of the lower side of the horizontal sealing shell are respectively fixedly connected with a discharging pipe, and the discharging pipes are movably connected with a charging tank.
The horizontal sealing shell is provided with a material receiving opening.
When the spiral discharging machine moves in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction on the moving cart, the material guiding device comprises a horizontal discharging chain, an annular sealing shell and a material distributing spiral discharging machine; the spiral discharging machine comprises a feeding spiral shaft and a U-shaped cylinder, a receiving tray is sleeved outside the U-shaped cylinder, the receiving tray is fixedly connected with an annular sealing shell through a pipeline, a receiving chain is arranged in the annular sealing shell, one end of the annular sealing shell is provided with a vertically penetrating material distributing spiral discharging machine, and the material distributing spiral discharging machine is connected with a charging bucket.
The method adopts the following scheme:
a reduction process employing an improved regenerative coal-based reduction device, comprising the steps of:
a. preparing furnace burden and reducing agent: shaping the furnace burden, or uniformly mixing the furnace burden and the reducing agent, or preparing the furnace burden and the reducing agent into powder;
b. and (2) charging: uniformly mixing the prepared furnace burden and the reducing agent, loading the mixture into a reducing chamber from a top port, and sealing the top port after the loading is finished;
c. heating and reducing furnace burden: heating the reducing furnace burden by using a regenerative combustion technology;
d. and (3) discharging hot materials: opening the top port of the reduction chamber, discharging hot materials from the top port by a discharging machine, and transporting the hot materials to a charging bucket or a sorting device;
e. sorting and purifying hot materials: and separating the reduced product from impurities by sorting the hot material to obtain the reduced product.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that:
the reduction method recovers waste heat flue gas in the combustion process to the regenerator for secondary use, reduces energy consumption, and alternately flows the flue gas in the combustion process so as to ensure that the heating temperature of the reduction chamber is uniform; the top of the discharging device is adopted for discharging, so that the problem that the adhesion of the furnace burden and the side wall influences the running of the furnace burden is avoided, the furnace burden in a plurality of reduction chambers is rapidly discharged, and the equipment operation rate is improved.
Preferably, in the step a, the furnace burden is iron fine powder, metal oxide or metallurgical waste, the reducing agent is coal and/or other carbonaceous furnace burden, and the total dosage ratio of the furnace burden to the reducing agent is 1:0.1-1:0.5.
Preferably, the preheated gas in step c is air and/or gas, and the fuel gas is gas and/or natural gas; the heating temperature of the furnace burden is 1000-1250 ℃ and the heating time is 10-20 hours.
Preferably, in the regenerative combustion technology in the step c, the preheated gas of the regenerative chamber rises to the singular flame path of the combustion chamber through the channel, and is mixed with fuel gas to perform combustion reaction, waste heat flue gas generated by combustion rises in the singular flame path, enters the even flame path through the flow channel to descend, the descending high-temperature flue gas enters the adjacent regenerative chamber to store heat, the regenerative chamber of the descending flue gas is transformed into the regenerative chamber of the rising gas, and the combustion process is repeated to provide heat energy for the reduction chamber.
Preferably, in the step e, when the separation method is magnetic separation, air separation or gravity separation, the hot materials are concentrated and cooled and then are subjected to separation treatment; if the separation method is melt separation, the hot materials discharged from the reduction chamber are not required to pass through a cooling device, and are subjected to heat screening or directly subjected to melt separation.
Preferably, inert gas is used to protect the charge from secondary oxidation during hot charge removal and delivery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a reduction unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a reduction unit combustion process provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of a discharge apparatus provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial left side view of a first preferred embodiment of a discharge apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial top view of a first preferred embodiment of a discharge apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a partial front view of a second preferred embodiment of the discharging device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a partial top view of a second preferred embodiment of a discharge apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a top plan view of a reduction unit roof of a second preferred embodiment of a discharge apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a sealing furnace cover according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a stabilizer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a connection between a tank and a cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a process flow diagram of a thermal storage type coal-based reduction method provided by an embodiment of the invention;
marked in the figure as: 1-top port, 2-combustion chamber, 3-reduction chamber, 4-connection channel, 5-natural gas channel, 6-regenerator, 7-single regenerator, 8-flue, 9-singular flame path, 10-double flame path, 11-flow channel, 12-channel wall, 13-lifting device, 14-tank discharge plug, 15-dust removal port, 16-hopper, 17-sealed cover, 18-cooling cylinder, 19-motor, 20-overflow water tank, 21-water outlet tank, 22-silo, 23-inert gas inlet, 24-screw discharger, 241-feeding screw shaft, 242-U-shaped cylinder, 243-cylindrical sleeve, 25-tank, 26-receiving tray, 27-travelling cart, 271-first travelling car, 272-second travelling car, 273-hydraulic cylinder, 28-horizontal discharging chain, 29-material-distributing screw discharger, 30-annular sealing shell, 31-slide rail, 32-lifting furnace cover machine, 33-horizontal screw discharger, 34-horizontal sealing shell, 341-receiving port, 35-discharging pipe, 36-stabilizing rack, 37-sealing furnace cover, 371-round hole, 301-reduction chamber I, 302-reduction chamber II, 201-combustion chamber I, 202-combustion chamber II, 203-combustion chamber III, 601-regenerator I, 602-regenerator II, 603-regenerator III, 604-regenerator IV.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments for a full understanding of the objects, features and effects of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the improved regenerative coal-based reduction device provided by the invention consists of a discharging device, a reduction unit and the like, wherein the reduction unit consists of reduction chambers 3, combustion chambers 2, regenerative chambers 6 and the like, the number of the reduction chambers 3 is more than 1, and the number of cooling devices is 1; the top of the reduction chamber 3 is provided with a port 1, and the periphery of the reduction chamber is provided with a sealing wall body; the two sides of the reduction chamber 3 are provided with combustion chambers 2, a heat conduction furnace wall is arranged between the reduction chamber 3 and the combustion chambers 2, at least one flame path group is arranged in the combustion chambers 2, each flame path group comprises a single flame path 9 and a double flame path 10, the upper parts of the single flame path 9 and the double flame paths 10 are provided with flow channels 11, and the lower parts of the single flame paths 9 and the double flame paths 10 are provided with channel walls 12 for separation; the lower part of the reduction chamber 3 is provided with a regenerator 6, the regenerator 6 is respectively connected with a singular flame path 9 of one combustion chamber 2 and a double flame path 10 of the other combustion chamber 2 above the regenerator 6, two ends of one reduction unit are respectively provided with a single regenerator 7, and the single regenerator 7 is only connected with the singular flame path 9 or the double flame path 10 of the one combustion chamber 2 above the single regenerator 7.
The width of each reduction chamber 3 is generally between 0.3 and 0.7 meters, preferably between 0.3 and 0.5 meters. The upper part of the reduction chamber 3 is a top port 1 for charging and discharging. In order to ensure the heating and reducing effects, the top port 1 is sealed by a furnace cover made of refractory heat-insulating materials in the heating process. The two wide sides of the reduction chamber 3 are combustion chambers 2 for providing heat, and the combustion chambers 2 are connected with the heat storage chambers 6 or the single heat storage chambers 7 through connecting channels 4, wherein the number of the connecting channels 4 is consistent with that of the single and double flame paths in the combustion chambers 2. Preferably, the gas may be gas and/or natural gas.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the reduction chamber 3 is heated by a regenerative combustion technique, which is implemented in the following manner: when the fuel gas is coal gas or the coal gas is mixed with the natural gas, the regenerators 6 and the single regenerators 7 are used for preheating air and the coal gas, the number of the reduction chambers 3 in one reduction unit is n, the number of the combustion chambers 2 is n+1, the number of the regenerators 6 is 2n, and the number of the single regenerators 7 is 4. Two regenerators 6 are arranged at the lower part of each reduction chamber 3, one regenerator 6 is used for preheating coal gas, one regenerator 6 is used for preheating air, the coal gas regenerators are respectively connected with a singular flame path 9 of one combustion chamber 2 above the regenerators and a double flame path 10 of the other combustion chamber 2, and the connection mode of the air regenerators and the coal gas regenerators is consistent. Two single regenerators 7 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the furnace without reduction chambers, the two single regenerators 7 are respectively connected with a single flame path 9 or an even flame path 10 of the combustion chamber 2 above the single regenerators 7, one single regenerator 7 is used for preheating coal gas, and the other single regenerator 7 is used for preheating air.
When natural gas is adopted as fuel gas, the regenerators 6 and the single regenerators 7 are only used for preheating air, the number of the reduction chambers 3 in one reduction unit is n, the number of the combustion chambers 2 is n+1, the number of the regenerators 6 is n, and the number of the single regenerators 7 is 2. The lower part of each reduction chamber 3 is provided with a heat storage chamber 6, the heat storage chambers 6 are respectively connected with a singular flame path 9 of one combustion chamber 2 above the heat storage chambers and a double flame path 10 of the other combustion chamber 2, no reduction chamber at two ends is respectively provided with a single heat storage chamber 7, and the single heat storage chamber 7 is connected with the singular flame path 9 or the double flame path 10 of the combustion chamber 2 above the single heat storage chamber 7.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the combustion process of the reduction apparatus of the present invention: the first and second regenerators 601 and 602 under the second reducing chamber 302, which are subjected to heat accumulation by the waste heat flue gas, are respectively connected with the single flame path 9 of the second combustion chamber 202 and the double flame paths 10 of the first combustion chamber 201, and the third and fourth regenerators 603 and 604 are respectively connected with the single flame path 9 of the third combustion chamber 201 and the double flame paths 10 of the third combustion chamber 203. The preheated air of the first heat accumulation chamber 601 and the preheated coal gas of the second heat accumulation chamber 602 are simultaneously conveyed to the double-number flame paths 10 of the first combustion chamber 201 to be mixed with natural gas for combustion, the generated waste heat smoke rises in the double-number flame paths 10, descends through the single flame path 9, and is recovered to the third heat accumulation chamber 603 and the fourth heat accumulation chamber 604 for heat accumulation, and a combustion process is completed. Regenerator one 601 and regenerator two 602 simultaneously deliver gas to the double flame paths 10 of combustion chamber one 201 and simultaneously deliver gas to the single flame paths 9 of combustion chamber two 202 for mixed combustion. After the heat accumulation of the waste heat of the flue gas is completed, the heat accumulation of the flue gas is converted into upward gas conveying operation, the preheating gas is conveyed to the singular flame path 9 of the first combustion chamber 201 to be mixed with natural gas for combustion, and the heat accumulation of the first and second heat accumulation chambers 601 and 602 is converted into waste heat flue gas which is recovered from the conveying gas and descends through the double flame paths 10. The regenerator alternately performs the operations of supplying gas and recovering flue gas, and the combustion process is repeated until the heating process is finished. And the smoke after heat accumulation is discharged through a flue 8.
The reduction chamber 3, the combustion chamber 2, the regenerator 6 and the auxiliary devices thereof form a reduction unit, and the reduction device can be formed by n reduction units.
And after the furnace burden is reduced, adopting a top spiral discharging mode. The discharging device consists of a discharging machine and the like, and the discharging machine is positioned at the top port of the reduction chamber. The discharging machine is preferably a spiral discharging machine 24, the discharging device further comprises a movable cart 27, a charging bucket 25 and a material guiding device, the movable cart 27 which sequentially spans across the reduction chamber and the combustion chamber moves at the top of the reduction unit, the movable cart 27 is provided with the movable spiral discharging machine 24 and a movable lifting furnace cover machine 32, the spiral discharging machine 24 is vertically connected with the material guiding device, the material guiding device is connected with the charging bucket 25, the charging bucket 25 is positioned on a track on the ground of the reduction unit, and the charging bucket 25 and the movable cart 27 synchronously move during discharging. The discharger can also directly convey the furnace burden to the sorting device without a charging bucket.
The top of the reduction unit is laid with a sliding rail 31 crossing a plurality of reduction chambers 3, the travelling cart 27 moves on the sliding rail 31, and the sliding rail 31 is positioned at two sides of the top port 1. The movable cart 27 is provided with a first movable cart 271 and a second movable cart 272, the first movable cart 271 is provided with a screw discharging machine 24, the second movable cart 272 is provided with a lifting furnace cover machine 32, and the first movable cart 271 and the second movable cart 272 can horizontally move transversely and longitudinally on the movable cart 27.
Preferred embodiment of the discharge device first:
referring to fig. 4 to 6, when the screw discharger 24 moves horizontally and vertically on the travelling cart 27, the guide device is composed of a horizontal discharge chain 28, an annular seal housing 30, a material-distributing screw discharger 29, and the like, and the horizontal discharge chain 28 is located inside the annular seal housing 30. The screw discharger 24 is composed of a feeding screw shaft 241, a U-shaped barrel 242 and the like, the U-shaped barrel 242 is sleeved outside the feeding screw shaft 241, the U-shaped barrel 242 is opened towards the side with furnace burden, and the feeding screw shaft 241 is connected with a motor. The U-shaped barrel 242 is sleeved with the receiving tray 26, and the receiving tray 26 can move on the U-shaped barrel 242, but when discharging, the position of the receiving tray 26 is determined and does not change. The connecting tray 26 is fixedly and hermetically connected with the annular sealing shell 30 through a sealing pipeline, one end of the annular sealing shell 30 vertically penetrates through a material distributing spiral discharging machine 29, the material distributing spiral discharging machine 29 is tangential to the horizontal discharging chain 28, and the movement direction of the furnace burden is changed from horizontal movement to space vertical movement, so that the furnace burden is conveyed to a discharging hole of the material distributing spiral discharging machine 29. The discharge port of the material-distributing spiral discharging machine 29 is connected with the charging bucket 25 through a sealing pipeline. The upper part of the charging bucket 25 is provided with a dust removing port 15, and the dust removing port 15 is connected with mobile dust removing equipment during discharging. Preferably, the horizontal discharging chain 28 is composed of a rotating wheel, a chain body and the like, the chain body is made of high-temperature-resistant metal materials, the structure of the chain body is similar to that of a discharging belt, the rotating wheel is located at two ends of the inner part of the chain body and used for driving the chain body to rotate, and an annular sealing shell is arranged on the outer side of the chain body.
After stopping heating, in order to ensure smooth discharging operation, the heavy furnace cover at the top of the reduction chamber 3 needs to be replaced by a light furnace cover made of a light heat-resistant and heat-insulating material by using a furnace cover lifting machine 32, and each furnace cover has the length of 0.6m, so that the furnace cover is convenient to move during discharging. The cart 27 horizontally moves to the side of the top port 1 along the slide rail 31, the first cart 271 horizontally moves longitudinally to the top port 1, and the furnace cover lifting machine 32 performs furnace cover replacement.
When discharging, a light furnace cover at one side of the reduction chamber 3 is firstly opened, the reduction chamber 3 is sealed by an inert gas protection device when being opened, the movable cart 27 horizontally moves to one side of the top port 1 along the sliding rail 32, the second movable cart 272 carrying the spiral discharging machine 24 horizontally moves to the port opening, the feeding screw shaft 241 is started to gradually extend into the reduction chamber 3, the feeding screw shaft 241 lifts the furnace burden to the upper end in the rotating and extending process and falls into the receiving tray 26, the furnace burden in the receiving tray 26 enters the sealed discharging chain 28, passes through the material distributing spiral discharging machine 29 and is stored in the charging bucket 25. When the feeding screw shaft 241 descends to the bottom of the reduction chamber 3, the second vertical track 272 is started to horizontally move on the moving cart 27 to drive the screw discharger 24 to move to the side with furnace burden, and meanwhile, the receiving tray 26 sleeved on the screw discharger 24, the horizontal discharging chain 28 fixedly connected with the receiving tray 26 and the material distributing screw discharger 29 synchronously move forward under the drive of the screw discharger 24, so that the material tank 25 synchronously moves forward to match with the movement of the material distributing screw discharger 29, and the relative position of the material tank 25 is kept unchanged. Before the screw discharger 24 moves, a front light furnace cover is opened, and the movable cover is moved to the port opened at the rear, so that only one light furnace cover is opened each time, heat loss in the reduction chamber 3 is reduced, and heat energy in the reduction chamber 3 is effectively stored. The moving cart 27 moves along the sliding rail 32 to drive the screw discharger 24 to move, and all the burden materials in the plurality of reduction chambers 3 are discharged.
A second preferred embodiment of the discharge device:
referring to fig. 7 to 11, when the screw discharger 24 moves only in the vertical direction on the traveling carriage 27, the material guiding device is composed of a horizontal screw discharger 33, a horizontal seal housing 34, a discharge pipe 35, and the like; the moving cart 27 is respectively provided with two stabilizing frames 36, a lifting furnace cover machine 32 capable of moving in the vertical direction and a sealing furnace cover 37. The two stabilizing frames 36 are respectively used for fixing the running space of the lifting furnace cover machine 32 and the sealing furnace cover 37, and the length and the width of the stabilizing frames 36 are slightly larger than the outer edge of the furnace cover of the reduction chamber. The lifting furnace cover machine 32 and the sealing furnace cover 37 are connected with a hydraulic oil cylinder 273 arranged on the movable cart 27, the hydraulic oil cylinder 273 provides power to operate in a stabilizing frame 36, and the movable cart 27 is hollow at the position right below the lifting furnace cover machine 32 and the sealing furnace cover 37, namely the lifting furnace cover machine 32 and the sealing furnace cover 37 can pass through the bottom of the movable cart 27. The upper cuboid of the sealing furnace cover 37 is larger than the lower cuboid, and the lower cuboid is slightly smaller than the top port 1 of the reduction chamber. The lower cuboid enters the top port 1 of the reduction chamber in sealing and is filled with heat-insulating materials at the gap with the top port 1 of the reduction chamber, the upper cuboid is fixed in the stabilizing frame 36 and prevented from shaking horizontally, the sealing furnace cover 37 is provided with a plurality of round holes 371, and the plurality of screw discharging machines 24 respectively penetrate through the sealing furnace cover 37 through the round holes 371. At this time, the sealing furnace cover 37 also plays a role in fixing the screw discharger 24, the whole sealing furnace cover 37 is welded by a thick steel plate, and the inside is filled with a heat-resistant heat-insulating material. The number of screw ejectors 24 is dependent on the length of the furnace opening. The spiral discharging machine 24 is composed of a feeding spiral shaft 241, a cylindrical sleeve 243 and the like, the cylindrical sleeve 243 is vertically connected with the horizontal sealing shell 34, a material guiding hole is formed in the connecting portion, the horizontal spiral discharging machine 33 is arranged in the horizontal sealing shell 34, two ends of the lower side of the horizontal sealing shell 34 are fixedly connected with a discharging pipe 35 respectively, the discharging pipe 35 is movably sleeved and connected inside the charging bucket 25, and the movable connection adopts a sleeve mode. The upper side both ends of the horizontal seal housing 34 are provided with material receiving openings 341 with seal covers.
During discharging, the movable cart 27 horizontally moves to the position above the top port 1 of the reduction chamber to be discharged through the furnace top track 31, the discharging pipe 35 is sleeved in the charging bucket 25, the furnace cover is lifted by the furnace cover lifting machine 32, and the inert gas protection device of the top port of the reduction chamber is started. The mobile cart 27 is adjusted until the screw discharger 24 is aligned with the stabilizing rack 36 to open the top port 1, and the sealing furnace cover 37 is lowered into the open top port 1 to close the inert gas protection device. The screw discharger 24 is started to rotate and move downwards to lift the furnace burden into the furnace, and the furnace burden is changed from vertical movement to horizontal transverse movement through a guide hole formed in the connecting part of the screw discharger 24 and the horizontal screw discharger 33 and is stored in the charging bucket 25 through the discharging pipe 35. After the discharging operation is completed, the connection between the discharging pipe 35 and the charging bucket 25 is opened. The receiving opening 341 of the horizontal sealing housing 34 is opened, new charge with heating is fed into the receiving opening 341, and new charge to be reduced is fed into the reduction chamber 3 by the common counter rotation of the horizontal screw discharger 33 and the screw discharger 24, plus the gradual lifting of the screw discharger 24. After the burden is filled, the sealing furnace cover 37 is lifted, and the furnace cover is re-covered to the top port 1 by the lifting furnace cover machine 32. The discharge and charging process is completed and cart 27 is moved to the next roof port.
Referring to fig. 12, a charging bucket 25 filled with a charge is sealed and then transported to a cooling plant to be cooled by inert gas or a cooling device, and the cooled reduction product, coal ash and unburned coal are subjected to magnetic separation to obtain a direct reduction product. The cooling device is a water cooling device, which consists of a cooling cylinder 18 and its accessories. The lower part of the tank 25 has an outlet which is sealed by a tank plug 14. The lower outlet of the charging bucket 25 is connected with the hopper 16, the hopper 16 is connected with the cooling cylinder 18 through the sealing cover 17, the upper part of the cooling cylinder 18 is cooled by water through the overflow water tank 20, the lower part is contacted with the water surface of the water outlet tank 21, the depth of the contact with water can be adjusted according to the cooling strength, the cooling cylinder 18 has a certain inclination angle, the cooling cylinder 18 is driven by the motor 19 to rotate so as to ensure the discharge of furnace burden, the diameter of the outlet of the cooling cylinder 18 is smaller than that of the cooling cylinder 18, and the hopper 16 is connected with the inert gas protection device through the inert gas inlet 23. During discharging, the lifting machine 13 lifts the charging bucket discharging plug 14, charging materials enter the cooling cylinder 18 through the hopper 16 for cooling, and smoke dust enters the dust removing system through the dust removing opening 15 arranged at the upper part of the hopper 16. The cooled reduced product and ash and unburned coal enter the bin 22.
And inert protective gas is filled in the discharging and cooling operation process to prevent the high-temperature furnace burden from contacting with air, so that the oxidation of the product is prevented. The inert protective gas can be nitrogen or the flue gas generated by the combustion of the system can be used for protecting high-temperature furnace burden after being treated.
Referring to fig. 13, a reduction method using an improved regenerative coal-based reduction device includes the steps of:
a. preparing furnace burden and reducing agent: shaping the furnace burden, or uniformly mixing the furnace burden and the reducing agent, or preparing the furnace burden and the reducing agent into powder.
b. And (2) charging: the prepared furnace burden and the reducing agent are uniformly mixed, the mixture is filled into the reducing chamber 3 from the top port 1, and after the filling is finished, the top port 1 is sealed.
c. Heating and reducing furnace burden: and heating the reducing furnace burden by using a regenerative combustion technology.
d. And (3) discharging hot materials: the reduction chamber top port 1 is opened and the hot material is discharged from the top port 1 by a discharge machine and transported to a charging bucket 25 or directly to a sorting apparatus.
e. Sorting and purifying hot materials: and separating the reduced product from impurities by sorting the hot material to obtain the reduced product.
Inert gas is adopted to protect the furnace burden from secondary oxidation in the hot material removal and conveying process.
The furnace burden can be iron fine powder, other metal oxides or metallurgical waste, the reducing agent is coal and/or other carbonaceous furnace burden, and the furnace burden can be internally provided with the reducing agent or externally provided with the reducing agent. When the reducing agent is externally mixed, the furnace burden is made into a certain shape and is uniformly mixed with the reducing agent; when the reducing agent is internally mixed, the furnace burden and the reducing agent are uniformly mixed into a certain shape, the reducing chamber 3 is filled from the top port, and after the filling is finished, the top port 1 is sealed. Wherein, the preparation shape of the furnace burden and the consumption of the reducing agent are determined according to the composition of the furnace burden and the requirement of the final product, and the proportion of the total consumption of the furnace burden and the reducing agent is 1:0.1-1:0.5.
The heating temperature of the charge in the reduction chamber 3 is generally between 1000 and 1250 ℃, preferably between 1050 and 1200 ℃, and the temperature range can be adjusted according to the requirements of the product. The heating time is usually 10 to 20 hours, and can be adjusted according to the product requirement. The heating time refers to the sum of the heating time and the holding time.
The heated and reduced furnace burden is concentrated and stored in a charging tank 25 through a discharging device, the charging tank 25 is conveyed to a cooling workshop in a sealing way, and the charging tank is connected with a cooling device to cool the furnace burden in a concentrated way. After cooling, the products enter sorting operation through a conveyor, and if the reduced products are magnetic substances, sorting is selected for magnetic separation; and if the density of the reduced product is high, selecting for re-selection or air separation. If the sorting method is the melt sorting, the furnace burden discharged by the reduction unit does not need to be cooled, and the hot material enters an electric furnace through hot screening or is directly put into the electric furnace for melt sorting. Separating the reduction product from the coal ash and unburned coal by separation to obtain a final reduction product.
Example 1
The improved heat accumulating coal-base reduction device and the application of the reduction method in comprehensive utilization of vanadium titano-magnetite. Vanadium titano-magnetite is prepared into oval balls with the length of about 2cm, dried and mixed with semi-coke according to the proportion of 1:0.45 through cloth, the materials are fed from the top port 1 of the reduction chamber 3, and the top port 1 is sealed after the materials are fed. The furnace burden is heated in the reduction chamber 3 at 1000 ℃ for 20 hours, and the fuel gas is natural gas and semi-coke self-produced gas in the reduction chamber. And after the reduction is finished, the furnace burden is pulled out from the top port of the reduction chamber to a charging bucket by using a discharging machine and conveyed to a cooling device for cooling treatment. And magnetically separating the cooled mixture to obtain a vanadium-titanium direct reduction product, and loading the product into an electric furnace to be melted and separated into molten steel and vanadium slag.
Example two
The improved heat accumulating coal-base reduction device and the reduction method are applied to high-grade iron concentrate. The iron concentrate is made into spheres with the diameter of 5 mm-20 mm, the ratio of the iron concentrate powder to the coal is 1:0.5, the well mixed furnace burden and the reducing agent are fed from the top port 1 of the reduction chamber 3, and the top port 1 is sealed after the charging is finished. The furnace burden is heated in the reduction chamber 3 at 1200 ℃ for 10 hours, and the heating fuel gas is natural gas and the self-produced coal gas of the reduction chamber. And after the reduction is finished, the furnace burden is pulled out from the top port of the reduction chamber to a charging bucket by using a discharging machine and conveyed to a cooling device for cooling treatment. The temperature of the discharged furnace burden is less than 100 ℃ after being discharged by the cooling cylinder, the discharged furnace burden is directly reduced iron, coal ash and unburnt small-grain coal, and the direct reduced iron is obtained through separation by a magnetic separator.
Example III
An improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device and an application of a reduction method in oxidized iron scale waste. The iron scale is made into a ball with the diameter of 5 mm-20 mm, and the ratio of the iron scale to the coal is 1:0.5. The evenly mixed raw materials and the reducing agent are fed from the top port 1 of the reducing chamber 3, and after the feeding is finished, the top port 1 is sealed. The furnace burden is heated in the reduction chamber 3 at 1100 ℃ for 15 hours, and the heating fuel gas is natural gas and the self-produced coal gas of the reduction chamber. After the reduction is finished, the furnace burden is pulled out from the top port of the reduction chamber to a charging tank by utilizing a discharging machine and conveyed to a thermal screening device to separate the reduced iron from coal ash and unburned coal dust, the reduced iron is hot-charged into an electric furnace, and molten iron and slag are formed after the melting.
Example IV
The improved heat accumulating coal-base reduction device and the reduction method are applied to the comprehensive utilization of red mud. The red mud dry powder with the iron grade reaching 30% -46% after magnetization and selection and the powder ground by cathode carbon waste are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 1:0.1-1:0.15, and are fed from the top port 1 of the reduction chamber 3. After the filling is completed, the top port 1 is sealed. The furnace burden is heated in the reduction chamber 3 at 1050 ℃ for 12 hours, and the fuel gas is natural gas. After the reduction is finished, the furnace burden is pulled out from the top port of the reduction chamber to a charging tank by a discharging machine and transported to an electric furnace workshop, and the products are filled into an electric furnace to be melted and separated into molten steel and slag.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above list is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is understood that those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations thereto, and it is intended that the present invention be construed as the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device comprises a reduction unit; the device is characterized in that the reduction unit comprises a reduction chamber, a combustion chamber and a regenerative chamber, wherein the top of the reduction chamber is provided with ports, the periphery of the reduction chamber is provided with sealing walls, and the ports are provided with furnace covers; combustion chambers are arranged on two sides of the reduction chamber, and a heat conduction furnace wall is arranged between the reduction chamber and the combustion chambers; a regenerator is arranged below the reduction chamber and the combustion chamber and is connected with the combustion chamber through a connecting channel;
at least one flame path group is arranged in the combustion chamber, the flame path group comprises a single flame path and a double flame path, the upper parts of the single flame path and the double flame path are provided with flow channels, and the lower parts of the single flame path and the double flame path are provided with channel walls for separation;
the heat storage chambers are respectively connected with a singular flame path of one combustion chamber and a double flame path of the other combustion chamber above the heat storage chambers, and two ends of one reduction unit are respectively provided with a single heat storage chamber which is only connected with the singular flame path or the double flame path of the one combustion chamber above the heat storage chamber;
the number of the reduction chambers in one reduction unit is n, the number of the combustion chambers is n+1, and when the number of the regenerators is n, the number of the single regenerators is 2; when the number of the regenerators is 2n, the number of the single regenerators is 4;
the reduction device also comprises a discharge device, wherein the discharge device comprises a discharge machine, and the discharge machine is positioned on the top platform of the reduction chamber;
the discharging machine adopts a spiral discharging machine, the discharging device further comprises a movable cart, a material guiding device and a material tank, the movable cart which sequentially spans across the reduction chamber and the combustion chamber moves on a platform at the top of the reduction unit, the movable cart is provided with a movable spiral discharging machine and a movable lifting furnace cover machine, the spiral discharging machine is connected with the material guiding device, the material guiding device is connected with the material tank, and the material tank is located on a track on the ground of the reduction unit.
2. The reduction device according to claim 1, wherein the material guiding device comprises a horizontal screw discharger, a horizontal seal housing and a discharge pipe when the screw discharger moves only in the vertical direction on the traveling cart; the movable cart is provided with a sealing furnace cover capable of moving up and down, the sealing furnace cover is movably sleeved in the stabilizing frame, a spiral discharging machine penetrates through the sealing furnace cover, the spiral discharging machine comprises a feeding spiral shaft and a cylindrical sleeve, the cylindrical sleeve is vertically connected with a horizontal sealing shell, the horizontal sealing shell is internally provided with a horizontal spiral discharging machine, two ends of the lower side of the horizontal sealing shell are respectively fixedly connected with a discharging pipe, and the discharging pipes are movably connected with a charging tank.
3. The reduction device according to claim 2, wherein the horizontal seal housing is provided with a receiving opening.
4. The reduction device according to claim 1, wherein the material guiding device comprises a horizontal material discharging chain, an annular sealing shell and a material distributing spiral material discharging machine when the spiral material discharging machine moves horizontally and vertically on the moving cart; the spiral discharging machine comprises a feeding spiral shaft and a U-shaped cylinder, a receiving tray is sleeved outside the U-shaped cylinder, the receiving tray is fixedly connected with an annular sealing shell through a pipeline, a discharging chain is arranged in the annular sealing shell, one end of the annular sealing shell is provided with a vertically penetrating material distributing spiral discharging machine, and the material distributing spiral discharging machine is connected with a charging bucket.
5. A reduction process employing the improved regenerative coal-based reduction device of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
a. preparing furnace burden and reducing agent: shaping the furnace burden, or uniformly mixing the furnace burden and the reducing agent, or preparing the furnace burden and the reducing agent into powder;
b. and (2) charging: uniformly mixing the prepared furnace burden and the reducing agent, loading the mixture into a reducing chamber from a top port, and sealing the top port after the loading is finished;
c. heating and reducing furnace burden: heating the reducing furnace burden by using a regenerative combustion technology;
d. and (3) discharging hot materials: opening the top port of the reduction chamber, discharging hot materials from the top port by a discharging machine, and transporting the hot materials to a charging bucket or a sorting device;
e. sorting and purifying hot materials: and separating the reduced product from impurities by sorting the hot material to obtain the reduced product.
6. The reduction method according to claim 5, wherein in the step a, the furnace burden is iron fine powder, metal oxide or metallurgical waste, the reducing agent is coal and/or other carbonaceous furnace burden, and the total dosage ratio of the furnace burden to the reducing agent is 1:0.1-1:0.5.
7. The reduction method according to claim 5, wherein the preheated gas in step c is air and/or gas and the fuel gas is gas and/or natural gas; the heating temperature of the furnace burden is 1000-1250 ℃, and the heating time is 10-20 hours.
8. The reduction method according to claim 5, wherein the preheated gas of the regenerator in the regenerative combustion technology in the step c rises to the singular flame path of the combustion chamber through the channel, and is mixed with the fuel gas to perform combustion reaction, waste heat flue gas generated by combustion rises in the singular flame path, enters the even flame path through the flow channel to descend, the descending high-temperature flue gas enters the adjacent regenerator to store heat, the regenerator of the descending flue gas is transformed into the regenerator of the rising gas, and the combustion process is repeated to provide heat energy for the reduction chamber.
9. The reduction method according to claim 5, wherein in the step e, the separation process is a separation process after the hot materials are intensively cooled when the separation process is magnetic separation, air separation or reselection; if the separation method is melt separation, the hot materials discharged from the reduction chamber are not required to pass through a cooling device, and are subjected to heat screening or directly subjected to melt separation.
10. The reduction process according to claim 5, wherein the charge is protected from secondary oxidation by inert gas during hot charge discharge and transport.
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