CN212247103U - Improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a modified heat accumulation formula coal-based reduction device relates to the pyrometallurgical direct reduction field. The reduction device comprises a reduction unit, the reduction unit comprises a reduction chamber, a combustion chamber and a regenerative chamber, the top of the reduction chamber is provided with a port for charging and discharging, the periphery of the reduction chamber is provided with a sealing wall body, and the port is provided with a furnace cover; the two sides of the reduction chamber are provided with combustion chambers, a heat conduction furnace wall is arranged between the reduction chamber and the combustion chambers, regenerative chambers are arranged below the reduction chamber and the combustion chambers, and the regenerative chambers are connected with the combustion chambers through channels. The utility model adopts the heat accumulating type combustion technology, fully utilizes the waste heat of the flue gas, reduces the energy consumption and solves the problem of large loss of the flue gas heat exchange energy consumption in the prior art; the reduction chamber is only provided with a top port, so that heat loss is effectively reduced, and energy consumption is saved.

Description

Improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a pyrometallurgical direct reduction field especially relates to a modified heat accumulation formula coal-based reduction device.

Background

The current main processes of direct reduction include: a gas-based shaft furnace process, a coal-based rotary kiln process, a rotary hearth furnace process, a tunnel kiln process, a coal-based shaft furnace process and the like. The gas-based shaft furnace adopts natural gas or coal gas as raw materials, and China is a country with a large amount of gas and coal, and the gas-based shaft furnace is not suitable for the situation of China, so that the cost is increased and the product competitiveness is reduced. The coal-based rotary kiln process causes the production stop of projects such as Tianjin big seamless and Xinjiang abundant due to the ring formation problem, small monomer yield and the like. The rotary hearth furnace process is developed to a certain extent in the field of domestic waste treatment, but the process has poor product quality and low grade, and the product application is limited. The tunnel kiln technology is eliminated by the market due to the reasons of low yield, low automation degree, high energy consumption and the like. The coal-based shaft furnace process is suitable for the current situation of China which takes coal as main energy, and has the most development potential. However, the existing coal-based shaft furnace process has some defects, which are mainly reflected in that: (1) the optimal recycling of the heat energy of the combustion waste gas is not considered, but a heat exchange mode is simply adopted, and the waste heat is not fully utilized; (2) the temperature distribution of the reduction chamber is uneven, so that the product quality is influenced; (3) the kiln structure is unreasonable, and the furnace wall is easy to damage.

Patent publication No. CN201166513 "external heating type shaft furnace of coal-based direct reduced iron" discloses an external heating type shaft furnace of coal-based direct reduced iron, which adopts the technical scheme that a plurality of independent rectangular vertical reduction reaction chambers are arranged in a furnace body, two sides of each rectangular vertical reduction reaction chamber are respectively provided with a coal gas combustion chamber, the combustion chambers are provided with a plurality of layers of coal gas nozzles along the height direction, and hot flue gas recovers part of heat at the upper part of the furnace in a heat exchange mode. The shaft furnace has the following disadvantages: (1) the temperature near the burner is high, and the temperature far away from the burner is low, so that the temperature of furnace burden is uneven, the product quality is influenced, and the reduction effect is influenced; (2) the outer walls at two sides of the rectangular vertical reduction reaction chamber are not fixed by reinforcing ribs, and when furnace burden in the furnace is subjected to high-temperature reaction, the stress on the side walls is increased, so that the furnace walls are easily damaged; (3) although the high-temperature flue gas can recover partial heat through the heat exchanger, the heat recovery effect is not ideal.

The patent publication No. CN204529897U external heating type coal-based shaft furnace for producing direct reduced iron describes that airflow channels are arranged at two sides of a furnace material reduction chamber, an air supplementing channel is arranged in a partition wall, the upper part of the airflow channel is communicated with a flue gas collecting channel, the lower part of the airflow channel is communicated with an air supply channel, the lower part of the partition wall is provided with an air supply channel, the lower part of the air supply channel is provided with a reduction air channel, and airflow distribution bricks are arranged between the airflow channel and the air supply channel. The partition wall is built by a vertical wall, an airflow channel and an integral masonry. The air flow channel is a vertical channel in the middle of the furnace body. According to the patent description, the disadvantages are: (1) the structure is quite complex, the construction is difficult, the consumption of refractory materials is large, and the overall investment is high; (2) the temperature distribution of the gas supply channel is uneven, the product quality is influenced, and the reduction effect is influenced; (3) the heat exchange face wall has no effective reinforcement treatment, when furnace burden in the furnace is in high-temperature reaction, the side wall is stressed greatly, and the heat exchange face wall is easy to damage; (4) high temperature flue gas has no effective heat recovery facility.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a modified heat accumulation formula coal-based reduction device has the energy consumption and hangs down, and heating temperature is even, the external force ejection of compact, and the device operation rate is high, advantage that the equipment investment is low.

In order to realize the technical purpose, the utility model adopts the following scheme: an improved regenerative coal-based reduction apparatus includes a reduction unit; the reduction unit comprises a reduction chamber, a combustion chamber and a regenerative chamber, wherein the top of the reduction chamber is provided with a port, the periphery of the reduction chamber is provided with a sealing wall body, and the port is provided with a furnace cover; combustion chambers are arranged on two sides of the reduction chamber, and a heat-conducting furnace wall is arranged between the reduction chamber and the combustion chambers; and a regenerative chamber is arranged below the reduction chamber and the combustion chamber and is connected with the combustion chamber through a connecting channel.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:

the utility model adopts the heat accumulating type combustion technology, fully utilizes the waste heat of the flue gas, reduces the energy consumption and solves the problem of large energy loss of flue gas heat exchange in the prior art; the reduction chamber is only provided with a top port, so that the structure is simple, the maintenance is convenient, the heat loss is effectively reduced, and the energy consumption is saved; the reduction unit reduces the cooling part, and greatly reduces the using amount of masonry materials and related auxiliary equipment.

The utility model discloses well heat accumulation formula coal base reduction device's preferred scheme does:

at least one flame path group is arranged in the combustion chamber, the flame path group comprises a singular flame path and an even flame path, the upper parts of the singular flame path and the even flame path are provided with flow channels, and the lower parts of the odd flame path and the even flame path are provided with channel walls for separation. The flue group of the combustion chamber regularly changes the flow direction of waste heat flue gas, so that the heating temperature of the reduction chamber is more uniform, and the flue of the combustion chamber simultaneously plays a role in reinforcing ribs, so that the furnace wall of the reduction chamber is firmer.

The heat storage chambers are respectively connected with the odd flame path of one combustion chamber above the heat storage chambers and the even flame path of the other combustion chamber, the two ends of one reduction unit are respectively provided with a single heat storage chamber, and the single heat storage chamber is only connected with the odd flame path or the even flame path of one combustion chamber above the single heat storage chamber.

The number of the reduction chambers in one reduction unit is n, the number of the combustion chambers is n +1, and when the number of the regenerative chambers is n, the number of the single regenerative chambers is 2; when the number of the regenerative chambers is 2n, the number of the single regenerative chambers is 4.

The reduction device also comprises a discharge device, the discharge device comprises a discharge machine, and the discharge machine is positioned on a reduction chamber furnace top platform. The discharging device is used for discharging materials, the situations that the furnace burden is blocked in operation and difficult to discharge materials from the lower part of the reduction chamber by self weight due to the fact that the furnace burden is bonded with the side wall are avoided, the furnace burden of the plurality of reduction chambers is discharged completely, and the equipment operation rate is improved.

The discharging machine adopts a spiral discharging machine, the discharging device further comprises a movable cart, a material guiding device and a material tank, the movable cart sequentially stretching across the reduction chamber and the combustion chamber moves on a platform at the top of the reduction unit, the movable cart is provided with a movable spiral discharging machine and a movable lifting furnace cover machine, the spiral discharging machine is connected with the material guiding device, the material guiding device is connected with the material tank, and the material tank is positioned on a track on the ground of the reduction unit.

When the spiral discharging machine only moves in the vertical direction on the mobile cart, the material guiding device comprises a horizontal spiral discharging machine, a horizontal sealing shell and a discharging pipe; the movable cart is provided with a sealing furnace cover capable of moving up and down, the sealing furnace cover is movably sleeved in the stabilizing frame, a spiral discharging machine penetrates through the sealing furnace cover and comprises a feeding spiral shaft and a cylindrical sleeve, the cylindrical sleeve is vertically connected with the horizontal sealing shell, a horizontal spiral discharging machine penetrating through the horizontal sealing shell is arranged inside the horizontal sealing shell, two ends of the lower side of the horizontal sealing shell are fixedly connected with the discharging pipe respectively, and the discharging pipe is movably connected with the charging bucket.

The horizontal sealing shell is provided with a material receiving port.

When the spiral discharging machine moves on the mobile cart in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the material guide device comprises a horizontal discharging chain, an annular sealing shell and a material distributing spiral discharging machine; the spiral discharging machine comprises a feeding spiral shaft and a U-shaped cylinder, a receiving disc is sleeved on the outer side of the U-shaped cylinder and fixedly connected with an annular sealing shell through a pipeline, a receiving chain is arranged in the annular sealing shell, a vertically-penetrating distributing spiral discharging machine is arranged at one end of the annular sealing shell, and the distributing spiral discharging machine is connected with a charging bucket.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a reduction unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a combustion process of a reduction unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of a discharging device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a partial left side view of a first preferred embodiment of a discharging device provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a partial top view of a first preferred embodiment of a discharge device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a partial front view of a second preferred embodiment of a discharge device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a partial top view of a second preferred embodiment of a discharge device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a top view of the reduction unit furnace top of the second preferred embodiment of the discharge device provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a sealing furnace lid according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a stabilizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between the charging bucket and the cooling device according to the embodiment of the present invention;

labeled as: 1-top port, 2-combustion chamber, 3-reduction chamber, 4-connecting channel, 5-natural gas channel, 6-heat storage chamber, 7-single heat storage chamber, 8-flue, 9-single flame channel, 10-even flame channel, 11-flow channel, 12-channel wall, 13-lifting device, 14-bucket discharge plug, 15-dust removal port, 16-hopper, 17-sealing cover, 18-cooling cylinder, 19-motor, 20-overflow water tank, 21-water outlet tank, 22-bin, 23-inert gas inlet, 24-spiral discharge machine, 241-feeding spiral shaft, 242-U-shaped cylinder, 243-cylindrical sleeve, 25-bucket, 26-receiving disk, 27-mobile cart, 271-a first movable trolley, 272-a second movable trolley, 273-a hydraulic oil cylinder, 28-a horizontal discharge chain, 29-a material distribution spiral discharge machine, 30-an annular sealing shell, 31-a slide rail, 32-a lifting furnace cover machine, 33-a horizontal spiral discharge machine, 34-a horizontal sealing shell, 341-a material receiving port, 35-a discharge pipe, 36-a stabilizing frame, 37-a sealing furnace cover, 371-a circular hole, 301-a reduction chamber I, 302-a reduction chamber II, 201-a combustion chamber I, 202-a combustion chamber II, 203-a combustion chamber III, 601-a regenerator I, 602-a regenerator II, 603-a regenerator III and 604-a regenerator IV.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to fully understand the objects, features and functions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the improved regenerative coal-based reduction apparatus provided by the present invention comprises a discharging device and a reduction unit, wherein the reduction unit comprises a reduction chamber 3, a combustion chamber 2, a regenerative chamber 6, etc., the number of the reduction chamber 3 is more than 1, and the number of the cooling devices is 1; the top of the reduction chamber 3 is provided with a port 1, and the periphery is provided with a sealing wall body; the two sides of the reduction chamber 3 are provided with combustion chambers 2, a heat conduction furnace wall is arranged between the reduction chamber 3 and the combustion chambers 2, at least one flame path group is arranged in the combustion chambers 2, each flame path group comprises a singular flame path 9 and an even flame path 10, the upper parts of the singular flame path 9 and the even flame path 10 are provided with flow channels 11, and the lower parts of the odd flame path 9 and the even flame path 10 are provided with channel walls 12 for separation; the lower part of the reduction chamber 3 is provided with a heat storage chamber 6, the heat storage chamber 6 is respectively connected with a single flame path 9 of one combustion chamber 2 above the heat storage chamber 6 and a double flame path 10 of the other combustion chamber 2, two ends of one reduction unit are respectively provided with a single heat storage chamber 7, and the single heat storage chamber 7 is only connected with the single flame path 9 or the double flame path 10 of one combustion chamber 2 above the single heat storage chamber 7.

The width of each reduction chamber 3 is generally 0.3 to 0.7 m, preferably 0.3 to 0.5 m. The upper part of the reduction chamber 3 is provided with a top port 1 for charging and discharging. In order to ensure the heating reduction effect, the top port 1 is sealed by a furnace cover made of refractory heat-insulating materials in the heating process. The width of the reduction chamber 3 is provided with a combustion chamber 2 which supplies heat to two sides, the combustion chamber 2 is connected with a regenerative chamber 6 or a single regenerative chamber 7 through a connecting channel 4, wherein the number of the connecting channels 4 is consistent with the number of single and double flame paths in the combustion chamber 2. Preferably, the gas may be coal gas and/or natural gas.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the reduction chamber 3 is heated by a regenerative combustion technique, which is implemented as follows: when the gas is coal gas or the coal gas and the natural gas are mixed, the heat storage chambers 6 and the single heat storage chambers 7 are used for preheating the air and the coal gas, n reduction chambers 3 in one reduction unit are provided, the number of the combustion chambers 2 is n +1, the number of the heat storage chambers 6 is 2n, and the number of the single heat storage chambers 7 is 4. Two heat storage chambers 6 are arranged at the lower part of each reducing chamber 3, one heat storage chamber 6 is used for preheating coal gas, one heat storage chamber 6 is used for preheating air, the coal gas heat storage chambers are respectively connected with a single flame path 9 of one combustion chamber 2 above the coal gas heat storage chamber and a double flame path 10 of the other combustion chamber 2, and the connection mode of the air heat storage chamber and the coal gas heat storage chambers is consistent. Two single regenerators 7 are respectively arranged at the positions without reduction chambers at the two ends in the furnace, the two single regenerators 7 are respectively connected with a single flame path 9 or an even flame path 10 of the combustion chamber 2 above the two single regenerators 7, one single regenerator 7 is used for preheating coal gas, and the other single regenerator 7 is used for preheating air.

When the gas adopts natural gas, the regenerators 6 and the single regenerators 7 are only used for preheating air, the number of the reducing chambers 3 in one reducing unit is n, the number of the combustion chambers 2 is n +1, the number of the regenerators 6 is n, and the number of the single regenerators 7 is 2. The lower part of each reduction chamber 3 is provided with a heat storage chamber 6, the heat storage chambers 6 are respectively connected with a single flame path 9 of one combustion chamber 2 above the heat storage chambers 6 and a double flame path 10 of the other combustion chamber 2, the positions without the reduction chambers at two ends are respectively provided with a single heat storage chamber 7, and the single heat storage chamber 7 is connected with the single flame path 9 or the double flame path 10 of the combustion chamber 2 above the single heat storage chamber 7.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the combustion process of the reduction apparatus of the present invention: the first regenerator 601 and the second regenerator 602 under the second reduction chamber 302 which are subjected to heat storage by waste heat flue gas are respectively and simultaneously connected with the odd flame path 9 of the second combustion chamber 202 and the even flame path 10 of the first combustion chamber 201, and the third regenerator 603 and the fourth regenerator 604 are respectively and simultaneously connected with the odd flame path 9 of the first combustion chamber 201 and the even flame path 10 of the third combustion chamber 203. The preheated air in the first regenerator 601 and the preheated coal gas in the second regenerator 602 are simultaneously conveyed to the even number flame paths 10 of the first combustor 201 to be mixed and combusted with natural gas, and the generated waste heat flue gas rises in the even number flame paths 10, descends through the odd number flame paths 9, and is recycled to the third regenerator 603 and the fourth regenerator 604 to be subjected to heat storage, so that a combustion process is completed. The first regenerator 601 and the second regenerator 602 deliver gas to the even number flame path 10 of the first combustion chamber 201 and also deliver gas to the odd number flame path 9 of the second combustion chamber 202 for mixed combustion. The third regenerator 603 and the fourth regenerator 604 convert the flue gas waste heat into upward gas conveying operation after the flue gas waste heat is stored, the preheated gas is conveyed to the odd flame path 9 of the first combustion chamber 201 to be mixed and combusted with natural gas, and the first regenerator 601 and the second regenerator 602 convert the conveying gas into waste heat flue gas which is recovered and descends through the even flame path 10. The regenerative chambers alternately perform gas supply and flue gas recovery operations, and the above combustion process is repeated until the heating process is completed. The flue gas is discharged through the flue 8 after heat accumulation.

The reduction chamber 3, the combustion chamber 2, the regenerator 6 and the accessories thereof form a reduction unit, and the reduction device can be formed by n reduction units.

And after the furnace burden reduction is finished, a top spiral discharging mode is adopted. The discharging device is composed of a discharging machine and the like, and the discharging machine is positioned at the top port of the reduction chamber. The spiral discharging machine 24 is preferably selected by the discharging machine, the discharging device further comprises a movable cart 27, a charging bucket 25 and a material guiding device, the movable cart 27 sequentially stretching across the reduction chamber and the combustion chamber moves at the top of the reduction unit, the movable cart 27 is provided with the movable spiral discharging machine 24 and a movable lifting furnace cover machine 32, the spiral discharging machine 24 is vertically connected with the material guiding device, the material guiding device is connected with the charging bucket 25, the charging bucket 25 is positioned on a track on the ground of the reduction unit, and the charging bucket 25 and the movable cart 27 synchronously move during discharging. The discharging machine can also directly convey the furnace charge to the sorting device without a charging bucket.

The top of the reduction unit is paved with a slide rail 31 which crosses a plurality of reduction chambers 3, the movable cart 27 moves on the slide rail 31, and the slide rail 31 is positioned at two sides of the top port 1. The movable cart 27 is provided with a first movable cart 271 and a second movable cart 272, the spiral discharging machine 24 is installed on the first movable cart 271, the hoisting furnace cover machine 32 is installed on the second movable cart 272, and the first movable cart 271 and the second movable cart 272 can horizontally move transversely and longitudinally on the movable cart 27.

Preferred embodiment one of the discharge device:

referring to fig. 4 to 6, when the spiral discharging machine 24 moves horizontally and vertically on the moving cart 27, the material guiding device is composed of a horizontal discharging chain 28, an annular sealing shell 30, and a material distributing spiral discharging machine 29, and the horizontal discharging chain 28 is located inside the annular sealing shell 30. The spiral discharging machine 24 comprises a feeding spiral shaft 241, a U-shaped cylinder 242 and the like, the U-shaped cylinder 242 is sleeved outside the feeding spiral shaft 241, the opening of the U-shaped cylinder 242 faces the charging material side, and the feeding spiral shaft 241 is connected with a motor. The take-up pan 26 is sleeved outside the U-shaped cylinder 242, the take-up pan 26 can move on the U-shaped cylinder 242, but the take-up pan 26 is not changed after the position is determined during discharging. The material connecting disc 26 is fixedly and hermetically connected with an annular sealing shell 30 through a sealing pipeline, one end of the annular sealing shell 30 vertically penetrates through a material distributing spiral discharging machine 29, and the material distributing spiral discharging machine 29 is tangent to a horizontal discharging chain 28, so that the moving direction of the furnace burden is changed from horizontal movement to spatial vertical movement, and the furnace burden is conveyed to a discharging opening of the material distributing spiral discharging machine 29. The discharge hole of the material-separating spiral discharging machine 29 is connected with the charging bucket 25 through a sealed pipeline. The upper part of the charging bucket 25 is provided with a dust removal port 15, and the dust removal port 15 is connected with a mobile dust removal device during discharging. Preferably, horizontal ejection of compact chain 28 comprises runner and chain body etc. and the chain body adopts high temperature resistant metal material, and the chain body structure is similar to ejection of compact belt's annular structure, and the runner is located the both ends of the internal portion of chain for drive chain body rotates, and the chain body outside is equipped with annular seal shell.

After the heating is stopped, in order to ensure the smooth operation of the discharging operation, a heavy furnace cover at the top of the reduction chamber 3 needs to be replaced by a light furnace cover made of light temperature-resistant heat-insulating materials by using a hoisting furnace cover machine 32, each furnace cover is 0.6m in length, and the furnace cover is convenient to move during discharging. The movable cart 27 horizontally traverses to one side of the top port 1 along the slide rail 31, the first movable cart 271 horizontally lengthily moves to the top port 1, and the furnace cover machine 32 is lifted to perform furnace cover replacement work.

When discharging, firstly, a light furnace cover at one side of the reduction chamber 3 is opened, the reduction chamber 3 is sealed by an inert gas protection device when the light furnace cover is opened, the movable cart 27 horizontally moves to one side of the top port 1 along the slide rail 32, the second movable cart 272 loaded with the spiral discharging machine 24 horizontally and longitudinally moves to the opening of the port, the feeding screw shaft 241 is started to gradually go deep into the reduction chamber 3, the feeding screw shaft 241 lifts the furnace burden to the upper end to fall into the receiving disc 26 in the rotating deep process, the furnace burden in the receiving disc 26 enters the sealed discharging chain 28 and is stored in the charging bucket 25 through the material distributing spiral discharging machine 29. When the feeding screw shaft 241 descends to the bottom of the reduction chamber 3, the second vertical rail 272 is started to horizontally move on the movable cart 27 to drive the screw discharging machine 24 to move towards the side with the furnace charge, meanwhile, the receiving tray 26 sleeved on the screw discharging machine 24, the horizontal discharging chain 28 fixedly connected with the receiving tray 26 and the material dividing screw discharging machine 29 synchronously move forwards under the drive of the screw discharging machine 24, and in order to match the movement of the material dividing screw discharging machine 29, the material tank 25 synchronously moves forwards, and the relative position is kept unchanged. Before the spiral discharging machine 24 moves, a front light furnace cover is opened, and a cover is moved to a port opened at the rear, so that only one light furnace cover is opened each time, the heat loss in the reduction chamber 3 is reduced, and the heat energy in the reduction chamber 3 is effectively stored. The movable cart 27 moves along the slide rails 32 to drive the screw discharger 24 to move, and all the burden in the plurality of reduction chambers 3 is discharged.

Preferred embodiment two of the discharge device:

referring to fig. 7 to 11, when the spiral discharging machine 24 only moves vertically on the cart 27, the material guiding device is composed of a horizontal spiral discharging machine 33, a horizontal sealing shell 34, a discharging pipe 35, and the like; the mobile cart 27 is provided with two stabilizing frames 36, a vertically movable lifting furnace lid machine 32 and a sealing furnace lid 37. The two stabilizing frames 36 are respectively used for fixing the running spaces of the lifting furnace cover machine 32 and the sealing furnace cover 37, and the length and the width of each stabilizing frame 36 are slightly larger than the outer edge of the furnace cover of the reduction chamber. The hoisting furnace cover machine 32 and the sealing furnace cover 37 are connected with a hydraulic oil cylinder 273 arranged on the mobile cart 27, the hydraulic oil cylinder 273 provides power to operate in the stabilizing frame 36, and the mobile cart 27 is positioned under the hoisting furnace cover machine 32 and the sealing furnace cover 37 and is hollow, namely, the hoisting furnace cover machine 32 and the sealing furnace cover 37 can penetrate through the bottom of the mobile cart 27. The upper cuboid of the sealing furnace cover 37 is larger than the lower cuboid, and the lower cuboid is slightly smaller than the top port 1 of the reduction chamber. When sealing, the lower cuboid enters the top port 1 of the reduction chamber, and the gap between the lower cuboid and the top port 1 of the reduction chamber is filled with heat-insulating materials, the upper cuboid is fixed in the stabilizing frame 36 to prevent horizontal shaking, a plurality of round holes 371 are used on the sealing furnace cover 37, and a plurality of spiral discharging machines 24 respectively pass through the sealing furnace cover 37 through the round holes 371. At this time, the sealing lid 37 also functions to fix the screw discharger 24, and the sealing lid 37 is welded entirely with a thick steel plate and filled with a heat-resistant and heat-insulating material. The number of screw feeders 24 depends on the length of the taphole. Spiral discharging machine 24 comprises material loading screw axis 241 and cylinder sleeve 243 etc. and cylinder sleeve 243 is connected with horizontal seal casing 34 is perpendicular, and the connecting portion is equipped with the guide hole, and horizontal spiral discharging machine 33 is equipped with inside the horizontal seal casing 34, and horizontal seal casing 34 downside both ends respectively with discharging pipe 35 fixed connection, inside discharging pipe 35 cup joints with material jar 25 movably, and swing joint adopts the sleeve mode. The horizontal sealing shell 34 is provided with material receiving ports 341 with sealing covers at both ends of the upper side.

During discharging, the movable cart 27 horizontally moves to the upper surface of the top port 1 of the reduction chamber to be discharged through the furnace top rail 31, the discharge pipe 35 is sleeved in the charging bucket 25, the furnace cover is lifted by the lifting furnace cover machine 32, and the inert gas protection device of the top port of the reduction chamber is started. The mobile cart 27 is adjusted until the screw discharger 24 is aligned with the stabilizer 36 at the opened top port 1, the sealing lid 37 is lowered into the opened top port 1, and the inert gas protection device is closed. The spiral discharging machine 24 is started to rotate and move downwards, furnace burden is lifted out of the furnace, and the furnace burden is changed from vertical movement to horizontal transverse movement through the material guide holes formed in the connecting part of the spiral discharging machine 24 and the horizontal spiral discharging machine 33, and the furnace burden is stored in the charging bucket 25 through the material discharge pipe 35. After the discharging operation is completed, the discharging pipe 35 is opened to connect with the charging bucket 25. Opening the material receiving opening 341 of the horizontal sealing shell 34, feeding new furnace burden with heating into the material receiving opening 341, and adding new furnace burden to be reduced into the reduction chamber 3 through the common reverse rotation of the horizontal spiral discharging machine 33 and the spiral discharging machine 24 and the gradual lifting of the spiral discharging machine 24. After the charge is filled, the sealing lid 37 is lifted and the lid is replaced on the top port 1 by the lifting lid machine 32. The discharge and charging process is completed and the cart 27 is moved to the next furnace top port.

Referring to fig. 12, the charging bucket 25 filled with the charge is sealed and transported to a cooling plant to be cooled by inert gas or a cooling device, and the cooled reduction product, coal ash and unburned coal are magnetically separated to obtain a direct reduction product. The cooling device is a water cooling device which consists of a cooling cylinder 18 and accessories thereof. The lower part of the charging bucket 25 is provided with an outlet which is sealed by a charging bucket discharging plug 14. The outlet of the lower part of the charging bucket 25 is connected with the hopper 16, the hopper 16 is connected with the cooling cylinder 18 through the sealing cover 17, the upper part of the cooling cylinder 18 is cooled by water spraying through the overflow water tank 20, the lower part of the cooling cylinder is contacted with the water surface of the water outlet tank 21, the contact depth with the water can be adjusted according to the cooling intensity, the cooling cylinder 18 has a certain inclination angle, the cooling cylinder 18 is driven by the motor 19 to rotate so as to ensure that furnace burden is discharged, the diameter of the outlet of the cooling cylinder 18 is smaller than that of the cooling cylinder 18, and the hopper 16 is connected with the inert gas protection. When discharging, the elevator 13 lifts the charging bucket discharging plug 14, the furnace burden enters the cooling cylinder 18 through the hopper 16 for cooling, and the smoke and dust enters the dust removal system through the dust removal port 15 arranged at the upper part of the hopper 16. The cooled reduced product and coal ash and unburned coal enter the silo 22.

Inert protective gas is filled in the discharging and cooling operation process to prevent the high-temperature furnace burden from contacting with air and prevent products from being oxidized. The inert protective gas can be nitrogen or can be used for protecting high-temperature furnace charge after flue gas generated by combustion of the system is treated.

The improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device comprises the following steps:

a. preparing furnace charge and reducing agent: and (3) molding the furnace burden, or mixing the furnace burden and the reducing agent uniformly to mold, or preparing the furnace burden and the reducing agent into powder.

b. Charging: and uniformly mixing the prepared furnace burden and the reducing agent, loading the mixture into a reduction chamber 3 from a top port 1, and sealing the top port 1 after the loading is finished.

c. Heating the reduction furnace charge: the heat accumulating type combustion technology is utilized to heat the reduction furnace charge.

d. Discharging hot materials: the reduction chamber top port 1 is opened and the outfeed machine discharges the hot charge from the top port 1 and transports it to a bucket 25 or directly to a sorting device.

e. Sorting and purifying hot materials: separating the reduced product from impurities by sorting the hot material to obtain the reduced product.

Inert gas is adopted to protect the furnace charge from secondary oxidation in the hot charge discharging and conveying processes.

The furnace burden can be fine iron powder, other metal oxides or metallurgical wastes, the reducing agent is coal and/or other carbonaceous furnace burden, and the furnace burden can be internally matched with the reducing agent or externally matched with the reducing agent. When the reducing agent is externally prepared, the furnace burden is made into a certain shape and is uniformly mixed with the reducing agent; when the reducing agent is internally prepared, the furnace burden and the reducing agent are uniformly mixed to be made into a certain shape, the mixture is loaded into the reduction chamber 3 from the top port, and the top port 1 is sealed after the loading is finished. The preparation shape of the furnace burden and the dosage of the reducing agent are determined according to the components of the furnace burden and the requirements of final products, and the ratio of the total dosage of the furnace burden and the reducing agent is 1: 0.1-1: 0.5.

The heating temperature of the furnace charge in the reduction chamber 3 is usually 1000-1250 ℃, preferably 1050-1200 ℃, and the temperature range can also be adjusted according to the product requirement. The heating time is usually 10-20 hours, and can also be adjusted according to the product requirements. The heating time refers to the sum of the temperature rise time and the holding time.

The heated and reduced furnace burden is intensively stored into a charging bucket 25 through a discharging device, the charging bucket 25 is hermetically conveyed to a cooling workshop and is connected with a cooling device, and the furnace burden is intensively cooled. After cooling, the product enters separation operation through a conveyor, and if the reduced product is a magnetic substance, magnetic separation is selected for separation; and if the density of the reduction product is higher, selecting gravity separation or air separation for separation. If the separation method is melt separation, the furnace burden discharged by the reduction unit does not need to be cooled, and hot materials enter an electric furnace through heat screening or are directly loaded into the electric furnace for melt separation. Separating the reduced product from the coal ash and the unburned coal to obtain the final reduced product.

Example one

The improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device is applied to the comprehensive utilization of vanadium titano-magnetite. Making vanadium titano-magnetite into an oval ball with the size of about 2cm, drying, mixing with semi-coke according to the proportion of 1:0.45 by material distribution, feeding from a port 1 at the top of a reduction chamber 3, and sealing the port 1 at the top after the feeding is finished. The furnace charge is heated in the reduction chamber 3 at 1000 ℃ for 20 hours, and the fuel gas is natural gas and semi-coke self-produced gas in the reduction chamber. After reduction, the furnace burden is pulled out to a charging bucket from the top port of the reduction chamber by a discharging machine and is transported to a cooling device for cooling treatment. And magnetically separating the cooled mixture to obtain a vanadium-titanium direct reduction product, and putting the product into an electric furnace to melt and separate the product into molten steel and vanadium slag.

Example two

The improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device is applied to high-grade iron ore concentrate. Preparing iron ore concentrate into spheres with the diameter of 5-20 mm, mixing the iron ore concentrate and coal according to the ratio of 1:0.5, feeding the uniformly mixed furnace burden and reducing agent from a top port 1 of a reduction chamber 3, and sealing the top port 1 after the feeding is finished. The furnace burden is heated in the reduction chamber 3 at 1200 ℃ for 10 hours, and the heating gas is natural gas and coal self-produced gas in the reduction chamber. After reduction, the furnace burden is pulled out to a charging bucket from the top port of the reduction chamber by a discharging machine and is transported to a cooling device for cooling treatment. The temperature of the furnace charge discharged by the cooling cylinder is less than 100 ℃, the discharged furnace charge is directly reduced iron, coal ash and unburned small-particle coal, and the directly reduced iron is obtained by separation of a magnetic separator.

EXAMPLE III

The improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device is applied to the iron scale waste. The iron scale is made into balls with the diameter of 5 mm-20 mm, and the ratio of the iron scale to the coal is 1: 0.5. And (3) feeding the uniformly mixed raw materials and reducing agent from the top port 1 of the reduction chamber 3, and sealing the top port 1 after the feeding is finished. The furnace burden is heated in the reduction chamber 3 at 1100 ℃ for 15 hours, and the heating gas is natural gas and coal self-produced gas in the reduction chamber. After reduction is finished, the furnace burden is pulled out to a charging bucket from the top port of the reduction chamber by a discharging machine, the furnace burden is conveyed to a thermal screening device to separate reduced iron, coal ash and unburned coal powder, the reduced iron is thermally charged into an electric furnace, and molten iron and slag are formed after melting.

Example four

The improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device is applied to the comprehensive utilization of the red mud. Uniformly mixing red mud dry powder with iron grade reaching 30-46% after magnetization and concentration and cathode carbon waste ground powder according to the proportion of 1: 0.1-1: 0.15, and feeding from a port 1 at the top of a reduction chamber 3. After the end of the charge, the top port 1 is sealed. The furnace charge is heated in the reduction chamber 3 at 1050 ℃ for 12 hours, and the fuel gas is natural gas. After reduction is finished, the furnace burden is pulled out to a charging bucket from the top port of the reduction chamber by a discharging machine, the furnace burden is transported to an electric furnace workshop, and products are loaded into an electric furnace to be melted into molten steel and slag.

Finally, it is noted that: the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, and it will be understood that modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. An improved regenerative coal-based reduction device comprises a reduction unit; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the reduction unit comprises a reduction chamber, a combustion chamber and a regenerative chamber, wherein the top of the reduction chamber is provided with a port, the periphery of the reduction chamber is provided with a sealing wall body, and the port is provided with a furnace cover;

combustion chambers are arranged on two sides of the reduction chamber, and a heat-conducting furnace wall is arranged between the reduction chamber and the combustion chambers;

and a regenerative chamber is arranged below the reduction chamber and the combustion chamber and is connected with the combustion chamber through a connecting channel.

2. The reduction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one flame path group is provided in the combustion chamber, the flame path group including a single flame path and a double flame path, the single flame path and the double flame path having flow passages at upper portions thereof and passage walls at lower portions thereof.

3. A reducing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the regenerators are connected to the odd number port of one combustion chamber above the regenerator and the even number port of the other combustion chamber, respectively, and a single regenerator is provided at both ends of one reducing unit, and the single regenerator is connected to only the odd number port or the even number port of one combustion chamber above the single regenerator.

4. A reducing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the number of reducing chambers in one reducing unit is n, the number of combustion chambers is n +1, and when the number of regenerators is n, the number of single regenerators is 2; when the number of the regenerative chambers is 2n, the number of the single regenerative chambers is 4.

5. The reduction apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a discharge apparatus comprising a tap located at the reduction chamber roof platform.

6. The reduction device according to claim 5, wherein the discharging machine is a spiral discharging machine, the discharging device further comprises a mobile cart, a material guiding device and a charging bucket, the mobile cart sequentially crossing the reduction chamber and the combustion chamber moves on a platform at the top of the reduction unit, the mobile cart is provided with a movable spiral discharging machine and a movable lifting furnace cover machine, the spiral discharging machine is connected with the material guiding device, the material guiding device is connected with the charging bucket, and the charging bucket is positioned on a track on the ground of the reduction unit.

7. The reduction apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the material guiding device comprises a horizontal spiral discharging machine, a horizontal sealing shell and a discharging pipe when the spiral discharging machine only moves in the vertical direction on the mobile cart; the movable cart is provided with a sealing furnace cover capable of moving up and down, the sealing furnace cover is movably sleeved in the stabilizing frame, a spiral discharging machine penetrates through the sealing furnace cover and comprises a feeding spiral shaft and a cylindrical sleeve, the cylindrical sleeve is vertically connected with the horizontal sealing shell, the horizontal spiral discharging machine is arranged inside the horizontal sealing shell, two ends of the lower side of the horizontal sealing shell are fixedly connected with the discharging pipe respectively, and the discharging pipe is movably connected with the charging bucket.

8. The reducing device according to claim 7, wherein the horizontal sealed housing is provided with a receiving port.

9. The reduction device according to claim 6, wherein when the spiral discharging machine moves horizontally and vertically on the mobile cart, the material guiding device comprises a horizontal discharging chain, an annular sealing shell and a material distributing spiral discharging machine; the spiral discharging machine comprises a feeding spiral shaft and a U-shaped cylinder, a receiving disc is sleeved on the outer side of the U-shaped cylinder and fixedly connected with an annular sealing shell through a pipeline, a receiving chain is arranged in the annular sealing shell, a vertically-penetrating distributing spiral discharging machine is arranged at one end of the annular sealing shell, and the distributing spiral discharging machine is connected with a charging bucket.

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