CN111421924B - 一种隐身防弹一体化吸波材料 - Google Patents

一种隐身防弹一体化吸波材料 Download PDF

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CN111421924B
CN111421924B CN202010347596.8A CN202010347596A CN111421924B CN 111421924 B CN111421924 B CN 111421924B CN 202010347596 A CN202010347596 A CN 202010347596A CN 111421924 B CN111421924 B CN 111421924B
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郏保琪
周永江
曹义
蒋博
陶名扬
陈超
郑金杰
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NINGBO SHUXIANG NEW MATERIAL Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明属于吸波材料技术领域,提供了一种隐身防弹一体化吸波材料,它在沿电磁波传播方向依次包含蒙皮层(1)、吸波泡沫层(2)、隐身防弹层(3)和反射层(4),其中吸波泡沫层(2)由单泡沫层(5)和吸波材料层(6)进行多组叠加组成,隐身防弹层(3)由多个单防弹板层(7)和至少一个吸波材料层(6)组成,吸波材料层(6)为设计有周期性镂空部分的层结构。本发明通过自由空间的阻抗匹配设计,达到宽频吸波和防弹一体化的效果,进而实现其厚度薄和低面密度优点,本发明的隐身防弹一体化吸波材料在1.3GHz‑5.3GHz、7.5GHz‑18GHz和26.5‑36GHZ范围内,电磁波的RCS值均能达到‑10dB以上。

Description

一种隐身防弹一体化吸波材料
技术领域
本发明总体地涉及吸波材料技术领域,具体地涉及一种隐身防弹吸波材料。
背景技术
隐身设计主要针对天基和空基侦查系统,从侦查、制导传感器的工作频谱来看,目标光学特征、红外特征以及雷达特征,均是侦查的重点及制导装置利用的目标特征。其中目标的光学特征和红外特征容易受到不良天候和战场环境的影响,而雷达作用距离远、侦察范围宽、分辨率高、可穿透植被和地表,且不受夜晚、云雾雨雪的影响,可实现全天候侦察,仍然是最重要的探测设备。
国内近几年已开始隐身方舱的研究,其研究手段一般是在铝合金大板上喷涂隐身涂料,或者采用夹层泡沫结构将铝合金大板替换,在泡沫中分散电磁波吸收剂。上述方法能起到一定的隐身效果,但是吸波带宽较窄,且吸收剂多为金属粉末,造成方舱面板密度过大,从而使得整车重量过大,影响方舱平台的有效载荷及其灵活性。
防弹性能是方舱的另一重要需求,目前,防弹功能的实现主要是通过在方舱大板内表面粘贴防弹材料,该方法实现隐身防弹一体化,带来的是舱壁厚度和重量的增加,对方舱的有效载荷和机动灵活性产生较大的影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有具有防弹功能的隐身材料密度和厚度较大的缺点,提出隐身防弹功能一体化的吸波材料,它在解决实现高隐身效果、强防弹性能的同时,具备密度小、厚度薄的优势。
本发明的技术方案是,一种隐身防弹一体化吸波材料,其为依次堆叠连接的蒙皮层、吸波泡沫层、隐身防弹层和反射层形成的整体层状结构,所述吸波泡沫层为多个单泡沫层复合叠加而成;所述隐身防弹一体化吸波材料的厚度为25-40mm,面密度小于17kg/m2;在频率1-2GHz范围内雷达反射率均值小于-8dB;在频率2-4GHz范围内雷达反射率均值小于-8dB;在频率4-8GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-13dB;在8-12GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-13dB,在频率12-18GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-17dB;在26.5-40GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-17dB。
可以看出,作为隐身材料使用时,本发明结构在沿电磁波传播方向依次包含蒙皮层、吸波泡沫层、隐身防弹层和反射层,蒙皮层是作为最外层使用,直接面向电磁波来波方向;反射层在最里层,与待隐身防弹装置表面接触,对依次经前面的蒙皮层、吸波泡沫层、隐身防弹层后仍没有吸收、散射的电磁波进行反射,使其再次被散射、反射至来波方向进行吸收。多个单泡沫层复合叠加而成的吸波泡沫层是低密度设计和高隐身设计的关键和核心,吸波泡沫层在提供最低密度支撑的同时,可以通过在单泡沫层的泡沫孔空隙内填充吸波材料颗粒以及在单泡沫层之间设置吸波材料层的方式根据隐身需求进行多方案设计。另外,隐身防弹层利用高密度聚乙烯防弹材料的介电性能,将原本仅仅承担防弹功能的防弹层,作为隐身材料基体的一部分,使得防弹层在防弹的同时,具有一定的隐身层功能,从而进一步减少隐身防弹一体化吸波材料的厚度和面密度。
进一步的,上述吸波泡沫层中,从靠近蒙皮层一侧的第二层单泡沫层开始,每一单泡沫层上靠近蒙皮层一侧的表面上置有吸波材料层;多个单泡沫层是指2-5个单泡沫层;所述单泡沫层材料为PMI材料、PVC材料、PU材料中的一种或多种的复合。
将吸波泡沫层设计成由多个单泡沫层叠合的方式构成,每两个单泡沫层之间设置吸波材料层,电磁波在进入吸波泡沫层之后,依次经过有匹配自由空间阻抗的多个吸波材料层,电磁波逐渐被吸收衰减,且多个吸波材料层与单泡沫层之间的界面效应也会使电磁波发生折射等衰减,相比于单泡沫层填充吸波材料等方案更具吸波优势。
进一步的,上述隐身防弹层为单层防弹板,所述单层防弹板上靠近吸波泡沫层一侧的表面设置有吸波材料层。
如上所述,隐身防弹层可以选用本身具有介电性能的材料,再在其表面设置吸波材料层,可以组合提升吸波性能。
进一步的,上述隐身防弹层为多个单防弹板层叠加复合而成,所述多个单防弹板层中至少在与吸波泡沫层连接的单防弹板层表面设置吸波材料层,所述多个单防弹板层是指2-4个单防弹板层。
作为单层防弹板的更优选和替代设计,采取多个单防弹板层叠加复合而成整体隐身防弹层的方式对提升隐身效果和防弹效果更有利,层之间的相互作用对冲击力可以起一定缓冲作用,更主要的是,可以在层之间设置吸波材料层。比如,可以采取上述单层防弹板整体厚度为14mm,上面设置厚度0.02mm厚的吸波材料层,形成14.02mm的隐身防弹层;更优选的设计是,采用厚度为1mm或1.5mm厚的单防弹板层进行多层叠加,间隔设置一个或多个吸波材料层,形成隐身防弹层,吸波材料层除了必须在与吸波泡沫层接触的单防弹板层表面设置一层外,其他的每个单防弹板层上不必须设置吸波材料层,优选可以按照间隔层数依次增多的方式设置,例如,标记与吸波泡沫层接触的单防弹板层序号为1,往后依次再堆叠复合9个单防弹板层,依次标号2,3……10,可以在标号为3、7的单防弹板层表面各设置一层吸波材料层,或者标号为4、9的单防弹板层表面各设置一层吸波材料层,等等,即根据隐身设计要求和目标,优选吸波材料层之间的间距可以逐渐增大。
进一步的,上述吸波材料层表面为周期性镂空结构;吸波材料层的方阻范围为10-1000Ω/□,厚度为0.01mm-0.2mm。
为调节整个隐身防弹一体化吸波材料的阻抗匹配特性,上述设置的各吸波材料层的参数,包括方阻和薄膜厚度等可以相同,也可以不同。周期性镂空结构是指镂空的部分没有吸波材料层,镂空部分之外的有吸波材料层,形成了类似窗花结构的吸波材料层布局,这也是为了实现层之间阻抗匹配进行的设计,可以根据需要采用在铺设层(比如单泡沫层表面和/或防弹板表面)上以丝网印刷的方式在周期性镂空结构外的其余位置铺设吸波材料层,或者在已经制备好的完整吸波材料层表面采用激光切割等工艺去除周期性镂空图案内部的吸波材料层部分,获得期望的周期性镂空结构吸波材料层。也因此,与蒙皮层接触的第一层单泡沫层表面不设置吸波材料层,可以克服因蒙皮层透明导致吸波材料层的镂空图案可视从而影响美观。
更进一步的,上述周期性镂空结构的形状为长方形、正方形、圆形、十字形中的一种或其组合。
进一步的,上述蒙皮层为石英纤维、芳纶纤维、玻璃纤维中的一种形成的增强树脂基复合材料,其相对介电常数2-5之间,厚度在0.2-1mm之间;所述反射层为碳纤维层或者铝板导电层。
进一步的,上述单防弹板层或单层防弹板为高密度聚乙烯防弹板。
进一步的,上述吸波材料层为电阻薄膜或者磁性材料薄膜。
进一步的,上述蒙皮层与吸波泡沫层、吸波泡沫层与隐身防弹层、隐身防弹层和反射层之间、吸波泡沫层内部的各每一单泡沫层之间、隐身防弹层内部的各单防弹板层之间均通过低介电树脂进行粘合连接,粘合连接工艺为真空导入或者模压工艺;所述低介电树脂为环氧树脂或乙烯基树脂。
本发明的先进性在于:
1)本发明的吸波泡沫层每一层厚度单独设计,上面复合有具有一定周期性镂空结构的吸波材料层,每一层厚度、吸波材料层方阻及镂空部分共同作用,使得整个吸波泡沫层与自由空间阻抗匹配。吸波泡沫基体为PU,PVC等硬质泡沫材料,每一层厚度及吸波材料电磁参数及镂空设计由吸波性能逆向设计得到,即根据所给吸波性能指标为目标函数,优化计算出每一层厚度、电磁参数和镂空图案;
2)本发明的防弹隐身层单独设计,既要满足隐身功能需求,也要满足防弹功能需求,材料为高密度PE板;多层设计中,每一层厚度、吸波材料电磁参数及镂空部分由吸波性能逆向设计得到;
3)反射层为碳纤维复合材料层或者金属层,用于反射没有被上面层吸收的电磁波;蒙皮层,隐身泡沫层,防弹隐身层,反射层各层之间及层内部由环氧树脂等低介电树脂或者乙烯基树脂复合而成,复合工艺为真空导入或者模压工艺。
通过本发明的设计,本发明吸波材料可以实现:厚度为25-40mm,面密度小于17kg/m2,在频率1-2GHz和2-4GHz雷达反射率均值皆小于-8dB,在频率4-8GHz和8-12GHz雷达反射率均值皆小于-13dB,在频率12-18GHz和26.5-40GHz雷达反射率均值皆小于-17dB。
附图说明
从下面结合附图对本发明实施例的详细描述中,本发明的这些和/或其它方面和优点将变得更加清楚并更容易理解,其中:
图1为本发明实施例隐身防弹一体化吸波材料的结构示意图,其中1-蒙皮层、2-吸波泡沫层、3-隐身防弹层、4-反射层、5-单泡沫层、6-吸波材料层、7-单防弹板层。
图2为本发明实施例隐身防弹一体化吸波材料的在1-18GHz范围内的反射率测试值。
图3为本发明实施例隐身防弹一体化吸波材料的在26.5-40GHz范围内的反射率测试值。
图4-图6为本发明实施例隐身防弹一体化材料的吸波材料层示意图,其中白色部分为周期性镂空结构;黑色部分为未镂空的吸波材料层部分。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种隐身防弹一体化吸波材料,其结构如图1所示,它为依次堆叠连接的蒙皮层1、吸波泡沫层2、隐身防弹层3和反射层4形成的整体层状结构,使用时,蒙皮层1面向电磁波照射方向,即电磁波来波方向。各部分的具体设计和功能如下:
蒙皮层1为石英纤维、芳纶纤维、玻璃纤维中的一种形成的增强树脂基复合材料,其相对介电常数2-5之间,厚度在0.2-1mm之间。
吸波泡沫层2为多个单泡沫层5复合叠加而成;除靠近蒙皮层1的第一层单泡沫层5外,每一单泡沫层5上靠近蒙皮层1一侧的表面上置有吸波材料层6;单泡沫层5的优选设计层数范围为3-7,更优选层数为5,每层的厚度为范围为1.0-3.0mm,单泡沫层5材料为PMI材料、PVC材料、PU材料中的一种或多种的复合。
隐身防弹层3为单层防弹板,单层防弹板上靠近吸波泡沫层2一侧的表面设置有吸波材料层6;作为优选和替代,隐身防弹层3为多个单防弹板层7叠加复合而成,多个单防弹板层7中至少在与吸波泡沫层2连接的单防弹板层表面设置吸波材料层6。在多个单防弹板层7叠加复合设计中,单防弹板层7的层数优选范围为2-6层,更优选为3层,每层的厚度范围为2.5-14.0mm。根据设计需要,吸波材料层除了必须在与吸波泡沫层接触的单防弹板层表面设置一层外,其他的每个单防弹板层上不必须设置吸波材料层,比如图1中所示,可以在第二层和第三层单防弹板层的表面各设置一层吸波材料层,共设置三层吸波材料,也可以优选按照间隔层数依次增多的方式设置。无论是单层防弹板还是多个单防弹板层,其防弹板主材为高密度聚乙烯防弹板。
上面提及的吸波材料层6,为电阻薄膜或者磁性材料薄膜,其表面为周期性镂空结构;吸波材料层6的方阻范围为10-1000Ω/□,厚度为0.01mm至0.2mm。优选周期性镂空结构的形状为长方形、正方形、圆形、十字形中的一种或其组合,如图4-6所示,图4为长方形的横竖组合、图5为圆形和长方形的组合,图6为方形和细长方形的组合,本领域人员知晓,镂空部分形状不必然限定于上述所列。
反射层4为碳纤维层或者铝板导电层。
上述堆叠连接的多层:蒙皮层1与吸波泡沫层2、吸波泡沫层2与隐身防弹层3、隐身防弹层3和反射层4之间、吸波泡沫层2内部的各每一单泡沫层5之间、隐身防弹层3内部的各单防弹板层之间均通过低介电树脂进行粘合连接,粘合连接工艺为真空导入或者模压工艺;低介电树脂为环氧树脂,乙烯基树脂。
本发明更优选的具体实施例:以蒙皮层1厚度为0.4mm;吸波泡沫层2包括5层单泡沫层,每层厚度从与蒙皮层接触的单泡沫层开始,依次为1.5mm、2.5mm、2.5mm、2.5mm、2.5mm,从靠近蒙皮层的第二层单泡沫层开始,每一单泡沫层靠近蒙皮层的表面铺设吸波材料层6,其厚度0.02mm,各吸波材料层设计有周期性镂空结构,周期性镂空结构为图4中白色部分所示;隐身防弹层3包括3层单防弹板层7,从与吸波泡沫层2接触的单防弹板层开始,厚度依次为2.5mm、2.5mm、9mm;在与吸波泡沫层2接触的单防弹板层表面设置吸波材料层,吸波材料层厚度为0.05mm,吸波材料层的周期性镂空结构为图5所示的白色部分;反射层4厚度为0.2mm,上述各层以及分层均经低介电树脂进行粘合连接成厚度为26.28mm的整体结构,即隐身防弹一体化吸波材料,经测试,该面密度小于17kg/m2,其反射率测试结果如图2和图3所示,在频率1-2GHz范围内雷达反射率均值小于-8dB;在频率2-4GHz范围内达反射率均值小于-8dB;在频率4-8GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-13dB;在8-12GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-13dB,在频率12-18GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-17dB;在26.5-40GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-17dB。
本发明所得隐身防弹一体化吸波材料的厚度为25-40mm,面密度小于17kg/m2,在频率1-2GHz范围内雷达反射率均值小于-8dB;在频率2-4GHz范围内达反射率均值小于-8dB;在频率4-8GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-13dB;在8-12GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-13dB,在频率12-18GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-17dB;在26.5-40GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-17dB。
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例,上述说明是示例性的,并非穷尽性的,并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (4)

1.一种隐身防弹一体化吸波材料,其特征在于:
其为依次堆叠连接的蒙皮层(1)、吸波泡沫层(2)、隐身防弹层(3)和反射层(4)形成的整体层状结构,所述吸波泡沫层(2)为多个单泡沫层(5)复合叠加而成;
所述隐身防弹一体化吸波材料的厚度为25-40mm,面密度小于17kg/m2
在频率1-2GHz范围内雷达反射率均值小于-8dB;在频率2-4GHz范围内雷达反射率均值小于-8dB;在频率4-8GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-13dB;在8-12GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-13dB,在频率12-18GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-17dB;在26.5-40GHz范围内的雷达反射率均值小于-17dB;
所述吸波泡沫层(2)中,从靠近蒙皮层(1)一侧的第二层单泡沫层(5)开始,每一单泡沫层(5)上靠近蒙皮层(1)一侧的表面上均设置有吸波材料层(6);所述多个单泡沫层(5)是指2-5个单泡沫层;所述单泡沫层(5)材料为PMI材料、PVC材料、PU材料中的一种或多种的复合;
所述隐身防弹层(3)为单层防弹板,所述单层防弹板上靠近吸波泡沫层(2)一侧的表面设置有吸波材料层(6);
或者所述隐身防弹层(3)为多个单防弹板层(7)叠加复合而成,所述多个单防弹板层(7)中至少在与吸波泡沫层(2)连接的单防弹板层表面设置吸波材料层(6);所述多个单防弹板层(7)是指2-4个单防弹板层;
所述隐身防弹层(3)为高密度聚乙烯防弹板;
所述吸波材料层(6)为周期性镂空结构;吸波材料层(6)的方阻范围为10-1000Ω/□,厚度为0.01mm-0.2mm;
所述周期性镂空结构的形状为长方形、正方形、圆形、十字形中的一种或其组合。
2.如权利要求1所述的隐身防弹一体化吸波材料,其特征在于:所述蒙皮层(1)为石英纤维、芳纶纤维、玻璃纤维中的一种形成的增强树脂基复合材料,其相对介电常数2-5之间,厚度在0.2-1mm之间;所述反射层(4)为碳纤维层或者铝板导电层。
3.如权利要求1所述的隐身防弹一体化吸波材料,其特征在于:所述吸波材料层(6)为电阻薄膜或者磁性材料薄膜。
4.如权利要求1所述的隐身防弹一体化吸波材料,其特征在于:所述蒙皮层(1)与吸波泡沫层(2)、吸波泡沫层(2)与隐身防弹层(3)、隐身防弹层(3)和反射层(4)之间、吸波泡沫层(2)内部的各单泡沫层(5)之间、隐身防弹层(3)内部的各单防弹板层之间均通过低介电树脂进行粘合连接,粘合连接工艺为真空导入或者模压工艺;所述低介电树脂为环氧树脂或乙烯基树脂。
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