CN1114156C - 模拟转换器及其转换方法 - Google Patents

模拟转换器及其转换方法 Download PDF

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CN1114156C
CN1114156C CN99121540A CN99121540A CN1114156C CN 1114156 C CN1114156 C CN 1114156C CN 99121540 A CN99121540 A CN 99121540A CN 99121540 A CN99121540 A CN 99121540A CN 1114156 C CN1114156 C CN 1114156C
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CN1251926A (zh
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崔起荣
宋祯镐
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L12/40052High-speed IEEE 1394 serial bus
    • H04L12/40071Packet processing; Packet format
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04N21/436Interfacing a local distribution network, e.g. communicating with another STB or one or more peripheral devices inside the home
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
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    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L12/40052High-speed IEEE 1394 serial bus
    • H04L12/40117Interconnection of audio or video/imaging devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H04L69/32Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/323Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the physical layer [OSI layer 1]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L69/32Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/324Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the data link layer [OSI layer 2], e.g. HDLC
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    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
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    • H04N21/41Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
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    • H04N21/436Interfacing a local distribution network, e.g. communicating with another STB or one or more peripheral devices inside the home
    • H04N21/43615Interfacing a Home Network, e.g. for connecting the client to a plurality of peripherals
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    • H04L69/00Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level

Abstract

一种用于IEEE1394总线的模拟转换器及转换方法,转换器包括:多个端口,连接模拟设备;状态寄存器,表示哪个模拟设备被连接;配置ROM,存储连接设备信息;控制器,设定状态寄存器的相应位并读取位状态,将设备连接信息记录于ROM;1394接口单元,从总线接收包数据并检验该数据是否相应于其节点,当相应时分解包数据并从中除去标题;存储单元,存储有效负荷数据;目标单元提取器,解码有效负荷数据并提取目标模拟设备信息;数据转换单元,将有效负荷数据转换为模拟信号。

Description

模拟转换器及其转换方法
                            技术领域
本发明涉及IEEE 1394数据转换,尤其涉及能够在模拟设备与IEEE 1394总线连接的状态下使用该模拟设备的用于IEEE 1394的模拟转换器(analogtranslator)及其转换方法。
                            背景技术
近年来已出现了各种数字装置,如数字TVS(DTV)、数字摄像机(DVC)、数字视盘播放器(DVDP)及数字机顶盒。IEEE 1394串行总线主要用作上述设备的接口。为使一设备与IEEE 1394总线相连,该设备必须是数字设备。然而,几乎所有的目前家用的音频/视频设备都是模拟设备,因而不与重点用作家用网基础的IEEE 1394串行总线兼容。因此,这样的模拟音频/视频设备必须由用于IEEE 1394的数字音频/视频设备代替。因此,需要一种用于IEEE1394的模拟转换器,用来连接模拟音频/视频设备与IEEE 1394总线。
                            发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于IEEE 1394的模拟转换器,用于基于数字接口连接诸如TVS、摄录一体机(camcorder)和VCR等的模拟设备与IEEE 1394,以允许这些模拟设备作为家用网的一部分操作。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于IEEE 1394的模拟转换方法。
相应地,为达到第一个目的,提供了一种用于IEEE 1394串行总线的模拟转换器,包括:多个端口,模拟设备连接到该多个端口;一状态寄存器,用于表示哪个模拟设备被连接;一配置ROM,用于存储有关连接的模拟设备的信息;一控制器,用于设定分配给一模拟设备的状态寄存器的相应位,读取所设定的状态寄存器的位状态,并且当一模拟设备连接到所述端口时,参照状态寄存器的位状态将该模拟设备的连接信息记录在配置ROM中;一1394接口单元,用于从IEEE 1394总线接收包数据,检验该包数据是否相应于其节点,并且当该包数据相应于其节点时,分解该包数据,从而从该包数据中除去标题;一存储单元,用于存储从1394接口除去标题的有效负荷数据;一目标单元提取器,用于对存储单元的有效负荷数据进行解码,并提取有关有效负荷数据的目标模拟设备的信息;和一数据转换单元,用于将除去有关目标模拟设备的信息的有效负荷数据转换为模拟信号。
所述1394接口单元包括:一物理层,用于从IEEE 1394总线接收包数据;和一链路层,用于检验所接收的包数据是否是相应于其节点的数据,并且当所接收的包数据是相应于其节点的数据时,分解该包数据,从该包数据中除去标题,并进行检错。
为达到上述第二个目的,提供了一种用于IEEE 1394的模拟转换方法,包括步骤:检验哪个模拟设备被连接;记录有关所连接的模拟设备的信息;在将一转换器插接入IEEE 1394总线之后,初始化IEEE 1394总线;判断是否存在对发送1394总线数据的一请求;当接收到发送数据的一请求时分析包数据的包标题,并检验该包数据是否是相应于连接到所述转换器的节点的数据;通过分析有效负荷数据提取一目标单元;转换除去单元信息的纯有效负荷数据;及,将转换的有效负荷数据发送到提取的目标单元。
                            附图说明
通过参照附图描述本发明的优选实施例,本发明的上述目的和优点将变得更清楚。
图1示出按照本发明的包括一转换器的IEEE 1394网络的结构;
图2示出状态寄存器的一个例子;和
图3是说明按照本发明的IEEE 1394转换器的操作的流程图。
                            具体实施方式
图1示出按照本发明的包括一转换器的IEEE 1394网络的结构。该IEEE1394网络包括由IEEE 1394总线连接的节点10、转换器20、连接到该转换器的模拟设备30。
连接到模拟设备30的转换器20通过IEEE 1394总线从节点10接收发送的数据,将该发送的数据转换为模拟信号,并将该模拟信号发送到相应的模拟设备。
转换器20包括多个端口100、状态寄存器110、配置ROM 120、微机130、1394接口单元140、存储单元150、和数据转换单元160。
模拟设备30连接到多个端口100。
在状态寄存器110中,多个位用来表示模拟设备30是否被连接到多个端口100。状态寄存器的每一位分配给每个模拟设备。因此,当一模拟设备连接到一端口时,相应位被设置。图2示出32位的状态寄存器的一个例子。位0、1和2分别分配给一TV机、一摄录一体机和一VCR。
配置ROM 120存储有关连接的模拟设备名称的信息以及该模拟设备是否被连接的信息。更具体地讲,有关单元连接状态的信息和有关各单元的信息分别存储在配置ROM 120的根目录区和单元目录区。根目标区和单元目录区由IEEE 1394规范的第8部分中的通用ROM格式规定。所述单元相应于模拟设备。
微机130包括控制器132和目标单元提取器134。控制器132设置分配给模拟设备的状态寄存器110的相应位,读取设置的状态寄存器,并将有关模拟设备连接状态的信息记录在配置ROM 120上。目标单元提取器134对存储在存储单元150中的有效负荷数据进行解码,并提取该有效负荷数据的目标模拟设备。
1394接口单元140具有一物理层142和一链路层144。物理层142从IEEE1394总线接收数据位流。链路层144检验所接收的数据位流是否相应于转换器的节点。当接收的数据位流相应于转换器的节点时,链路层144对数据包进行分解,除去标题,并检测错误。
存储单元150存储从1394接口单元140输出的有效负荷数据。最好,该存储单元150采用先进/先出(FIFO)结构。
数据转换单元160将除去有关目标模拟设备的信息后的纯有效负荷数据转换为模拟数据。
按照IEEE 1394-1995标准规范,无论何时设备被插接到节点以及从节点分离,IEEE 1394总线上的所有节点都要经过总线复位和初始化处理以及其中确定节点的唯一ID的树和自识别处理。根节点是在树识别处理中确定的,而各节点的ID是在自识别处理中动态确定的。如上确定的根节点和节点ID在总线复位时被更新。
然而,模拟设备没有即插即用功能。因此,转换器必须检测模拟设备被连接到端口,以识别哪个模拟设备与其相连。为做到这一点,当模拟设备连接到端口时,所连接的模拟设备的端口号码可以由外部按钮设置。在这种情况下,设置的端口号码和模拟设备必须事先映射并固定。例如,端口和设备之间的固定映射信息为端口1连接到TV机而端口2连接到摄录一体机,该信息存储在配置ROM 120中。当一模拟设备连接到转换器的一端口并且外部按钮被接通时,一定值的电流流过其中。然后,该电流值被检验并且该电流值被存储在状态寄存器110中。然后,微机130读取该电流值,参照配置ROM120识别哪个模拟设备相应于该电流值,并且记录连接状态。以上所述即为转换器如何识别哪个模拟设备与其连接。
传送数据到连接到转换器的模拟设备的节点访问转换器20,并读取配置ROM 120。转换器作为连接到IEEE 1394总线的节点操作,并连接到多个模拟设备。连接到转换器的模拟设备被指定为单元。单元信息存储在单元目录区。节点根据单元信息发送具有适合各模拟设备的格式的数据。根和单元目录的详细结构与IEEE 1212规定的结构相同。目录的键值(key value)没有定义而是留给用户定义。这种目录的键值定义是在上层软件区处理的。转换器分析发送的数据块,启动在所述数据中指定的设备相应路径,并通过该路径发送数据。
连接到转换器的模拟设备不能象节点那样对请求发送数据进行仲裁。该模拟设备仅能通过转换器接收从IEEE 1394节点发送的数据。IEEE 1394转换器在识别与其连接的模拟设备后连接到IEEE 1394总线。此时,IEEE 1394转换器可以通过复位IEEE 1394总线成为根节点。在IEEE 1394转换器变为根节点后,IEEE 1394总线防止该总线被复位,即使增加或除去新模拟设备也是这样,从而不禁止其它设备的数据发送。然而,即便在这种情况下,当转换器插接到IEEE 1394总线或从IEEE 1394总线分离时,IEEE 1394总线也复位。
图3是说明按照本发明的IEEE 1394转换器的操作的流程图。要连接的设备被接通(步骤300)并且将模拟设备手动连接到转换器。当连接了模拟设备时,转换器检查与其连接的端口,并检验连接的设备是否存在(步骤305)。如果连接的模拟设备存在(步骤310),则通过设置状态寄存器的相应位(步骤315)存储相应端口值。参照存储的端口值和配置ROM识别连接的设备。然后,转换器插接到IEEE 1394总线(步骤320)。IEEE 1394总线通过插接到转换器而被初始化(步骤325)。该转换器通过Force_Root命令变为根节点从而控制所述总线。当转换器插接到IEEE 1394总线时,转换器已具有关于与其连接的模拟设备的信息。当转换器变为根节点时,转换器通过树识别处理(步骤330)给出节点ID,并通过自识别处理(步骤335)给出IEEE 1394总线的各节点的节点ID。
当IEEE 1394节点想要发送数据给与转换器连接的模拟设备时,该节点读取转换器中的状态寄存器。IEEE 1394利用状态寄存器的位状态从配置ROM中读取端口号码信息,以识别哪个设备被连接,并确定数据要发送到哪个设备。这些信息存储在IEEE 1212标准所规定的根目录和单元目录下。当发送数据包时,IEEE 1394总线上的目标ID成为根节点的ID。转换器检验是否存在发送数据的一请求(步骤340)。
如果存在发送1394总线数据的请求,转换器分析该包数据(步骤345),并检验该包数据是否相应于其节点ID(步骤350)。如果标题块的节点ID与转换器的节点ID一致,则通过从包数据中除去标题而得到的有效负荷数据存储在存储单元150中。然后,分析该有效负荷数据,以确定数据要发送到哪个模拟设备(步骤355)。执行数字/模拟(D/A)转换,以适合相应设备的数据格式(步骤360)。当相应端口被允许时,数据发送到该模拟设备(步骤365)。
按照本发明,在转换器插接到IEEE 1394串行总线之后,无论增加哪个IEEE 1394设备,该总线都不复位。因而,当向IEEE 1394串行总线增加新设备或从该总线除去新设备时,该IEEE 1394串行总线不复位,而且根节点不改变。仅将所增加节点的信息存储在存储区,并且ID被新分配给该信息并被使用。
按照本发明,在实现IEEE 1394家用网的过程中,能够通过上述模拟/数字转换器连接模拟和数字两种设备。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于IEEE 1394串行总线的模拟转换器,包括:
多个端口,模拟设备连接到该多个端口;
一状态寄存器,用于表示哪个模拟设备被连接;
一配置ROM,用于存储有关连接的模拟设备的信息;
一控制器,用于设定分配给一模拟设备的状态寄存器的相应位,读取所设定的状态寄存器的位状态,并且当一模拟设备连接到所述端口时,参照状态寄存器的位状态将该模拟设备的连接信息记录在配置ROM中;
一1394接口单元,用于从IEEE 1394总线接收包数据,检验该包数据是否相应于其节点,并且当该包数据相应于其节点时,分解该包数据,从而从该包数据中除去标题;
一存储单元,用于存储从1394接口除去标题的有效负荷数据;
一目标单元提取器,用于对存储单元的有效负荷数据进行解码,并提取有关有效负荷数据的目标模拟设备的信息;和
一数据转换单元,用于将除去有关目标模拟设备的信息的有效负荷数据转换为模拟信号。
2.一种用于IEEE 1394的模拟转换方法,包括步骤:
(a)检验哪个模拟设备被连接;
(b)记录有关所连接的模拟设备的信息;
(c)在转换器插接入IEEE 1394总线之后,初始化IEEE 1394总线;
(d)判断是否存在发送1394总线数据的一请求;
(e)当接收到发送数据的一请求时分析包数据的包标题,并检验该包数据是否是相应于连接到所述转换器的节点的数据;
(f)通过分析有效负荷数据提取一目标单元;
(g)转换除去单元信息的纯有效负荷数据;和
(h)将转换的有效负荷数据发送到提取的目标单元。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述步骤(a)包括步骤:
(a)当一模拟设备被连接时,设定分配给该模拟设备所连接的端口的状态寄存器的相应位;和
(b)读取状态寄存器的位状态,参照将可连接模拟设备映射为端口号码的一配置ROM,识别所连接的模拟设备,并记录连接状态。
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